Disorders of the stomach and intestines (dyspepsia) in a child. Causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention

Date: 04.04.2019

Most of all, any mother worries about the health of her child, because babies are more susceptible to the negative effects of the surrounding world than adults and various pathologies... Upset stomach in a child is one of the most common problems. In this case, diarrhea, fever, and bouts of vomiting can join general weakness. In order to most effectively get rid of the problem, it is necessary to determine the reasons that caused it.

Upset stomach in children - causes

Most often, upset stomach in children develops in summer period when fathers and mothers, wanting to nourish the child's body with vitamins, begin to actively give him fruit and vegetables. There are a number of factors that contribute to the development of a painful condition:

penetration of intestinal infections into the body;
improper diet;
products of questionable quality;
acute poisoning.

Intestinal infections in patients caused by numerous viral and bacterial microorganisms, usually salmonellosis or dysentery becomes the culprit of the problem in children. As for nutrition, it is categorically contraindicated for children to give food of dubious freshness, since in this case the risk of the onset of the disorder increases significantly. Failure to comply with hygiene rules can also lead to unpleasant consequences. Another problem is food intolerance when the child reacts negatively to certain foods.

Banal overeating should also be included in the list of reasons leading to frustration, often it is the parents who become the source of the problem, allowing the kids to eat more than necessary and immoderately putting the most tidbits for the children.

What to do with disorders

But what if, despite all the precautions, there is a problem? Consider how and how to treat an upset stomach in a child:

Fasting for 24 hours- a forced measure, but very effective. In extreme cases, you can refrain from eating for six hours, even such an interval will allow the stomach to rest. At this time, food should be replaced with liquid - the child is sealed with weak teas, purified and mineral water... Juices and milk drinks are contraindicated. The baby should be given small doses at intervals of 10 minutes to avoid vomiting. The first portion of food should be as light as possible, preference is given to soaked crackers, liquid oatmeal and rice porridge cooked in water. Let's also say pureed vegetable soup.
Among pharmaceuticals, used for disorders - Activated carbon, Enterosgel or Smecta. These drugs help remove toxins and other substances from the body. harmful substances, normalize digestive processes... To lower the temperature in case of disorders, you can use paracetamol-based pediatric drugs. To replenish fluid and lost trace elements, Rehydron is used. Some folk recipes- strong infusion of rice and infusion of oak bark helps from disorders. If diarrhea occurs or severe vomiting, the solution will help granulated sugar and table salt- for one liter of purified liquid, there is a handful of sugar and a pinch of salt. This liquid should be drunk at intervals of five minutes, a single dose is equal to a throat.
If the baby's age is less than three years old, the best way in case of a problem, call the doctors, since dehydration for the crumbs is very dangerous. Also health care it is necessary for severe pain in the abdomen, because the cause may not be poisoning, but appendicitis. Hospitalization will be required for diarrhea, persistent vomiting, high temperature, the presence of blood in the stool, greenish or frothy stool, darkening of the urine or lighter stool.

It should be remembered that self-medication in the presence of chronic pathologies in a child is unacceptable. Antibiotic drugs and substances of a fixing effect for infectious gastric pathologies are prohibited.

Preventive measures

Subject to certain rules upset stomach is quite possible to avoid, for this you should:

Adhere to the rules of hygiene - timely hand washing with soap is necessary.
Washing fruit and vegetables should be just as thorough.
Drinking raw water is unacceptable - even if the parents are opposed to boiling the liquid, there must be a purifying filter in the house.
If the baby is intolerant of certain foods, they should be immediately removed from the diet.
Overfeeding the baby is unacceptable - the portion should be such that the child can consume it at a time without stress.

Compliance with simple rules and timely consultation of the attending physician is a guarantee of the baby's health, which parents need to remember.

Various digestive problems can occur in babies in different ages... These eating disorders in a child really scare mommy. Many parents find it difficult to know what to do in such cases. Treat indigestion in babies very differently than in adults.

What causes?

Most often, this functional disorder occurs in babies in the first year after birth. The digestive system of a newborn baby is still very sensitive to various new foods. Improper treatment may lead to different chronic diseases organs gastrointestinal tract.

The reason that leads to indigestion is often the introduction of new complementary foods into the diet for babies. Children who, at birth, have congenital defects in the structure of the organs of the digestive system or are born prematurely, as a rule, are much more likely to suffer from eating disorders.

When introducing new complementary foods to a baby within 1 year of life, try not to combine all products in one meal. For example, a combination of pureed meat and fruit puree can lead to an upset stomach in a toddler. Such foods should be given in different time feeding.

Stool disorders and indigestion as a result of various viral infections are common in babies as young as 2 years old.

Viruses, entering the body, cause severe intoxication and lead to the development of severe diarrhea.

Most often, at 3 years old, babies become infected with rotavirus infection. In this case, they have severe abdominal pain and multiple loose stools. Treatment of rotavirus infection is symptomatic.

In older babies, an upset stomach is often caused by a violation of personal hygiene rules. Pathogenic germs get on your hands while playing outside or going to the toilet. If a child forgets to wash their hands well before eating or after visiting the toilet, they can also easily catch the disease.

According to statistics, schoolchildren most often suffer from indigestion after eating poorly washed vegetables and fruits. Such products are a real biological bomb for the child's body.

Insufficient processing of fruits and vegetables contributes to the preservation pathogenic bacteria, which, if ingested in a short time, can cause digestive disorders in babies.

The main symptoms of indigestion

Various causes affecting the organs of the gastrointestinal tract lead to the development of a strong inflammatory process and disruption of the proper functioning of organs. Typically, such a reaction occurs within a few hours from the moment the provoking product enters the child's body.

Started inflammatory process leads to the appearance of characteristic manifestations of the disease:

Soreness in the epigastric region and all over the abdomen. Pain syndrome can vary in intensity. Subsequent meals only make the situation worse. The pain is of moderate intensity, pulling in nature. In some cases, colic is observed.

Nausea and vomiting. The child is sick almost constantly. Only the use of medicinal antiemetics and sorbents brings relief. Vomiting is eaten by the contents, repeated. After it, the child usually feels some improvement in well-being.

Loose stools. It is usually frequent, with a very unpleasant sour smell. The fecal masses contain numerous undigested food debris. The more abundant the stool, the more fluid and electrolytes the baby loses. This leads to a deterioration in health and an increase in general weakness.

Bad condition. Children usually become very lethargic. Their appetite is reduced or completely absent. Any touch on the belly can increase pain syndrome... Children may sob, and when severe pain- even cry. With severe symptoms of electrolyte loss, babies are constantly sleepy. Babies refuse breastfeeding.

Temperature increase. Occurs when an upset stomach occurs due to infection with viruses. At viral infections body temperature rises to 38-38.5 degrees. The baby can feel constant thirst, loses weight. Fever is often present.

How to treat?

When the first symptoms of an upset stomach occur, be sure to show your baby to a pediatrician. A doctor's examination is needed to exclude dangerous diseases that require immediate surgical intervention- appendicitis may be hidden behind similar symptoms.

If children's doctor did not reveal any dangerous surgical diseases and confirmed availability functional disorder, then in this case, symptomatic treatment is prescribed. All drugs that are prescribed to babies must necessarily be prescribed taking into account age.

All medicines that are prescribed for an upset stomach can be divided into several groups:

Sorbents. They are used to eliminate toxic metabolic products that are formed during inflammation, as well as to normalize the stool. Usually babies are prescribed: Enterosgel, Smectu, Activated carbon. Apply these medicines follows 2-3 times a day for 5-7 days. Usually on the second day of admission there is positive effect... Such drugs are well tolerated and practically do not cause side effects.

Antispasmodics. They can be taken for pain. Usually used only as directed by the attending physician. Self-administration and use of such funds can lead to a pronounced decrease blood pressure and even aggravate the course of the disease.

Symptomatic. Used to eliminate accompanying symptoms associated with indigestion. These include antipyretics, as well as drugs that normalize motor skills. Usually assigned to babies over two years old.

During an eating disorder, be sure to give your child plenty of fluids.

In severe cases with severe diarrhea, oral rehydration therapy is required. For this, water-electrolyte compositions are used.

For the first couple of days of illness, babies should limit the introduced complementary foods. Breastfeeding should not be stopped. The kid must be offered boiled water cooled to room temperature. The baby should be fed on demand. On the first day of illness, the baby can refuse to breast and eat much less. This the symptom will pass after the normalization of health.

During an upset stomach, you can eat well-boiled porridge cooked in water. Dairy products should be set aside until the baby is fully recovered. Fruit or vegetable purees in the early days of illness can aggravate the condition and lead to more frequent bowel movements. On the first day, doctors recommend reducing total amount food offered to the child. Do not overload the inflamed gastrointestinal tract with too many foods.

In infections, there is foamy stool (a sign of rotavirus infection), painted in various colors, for example, the color of swamp mud in salmonellosis, in the form of raspberry jelly in amoebic dysentery, white in hepatitis. may be accompanied by vomiting, an increase or decrease in body temperature, and other symptoms.

Children especially suffer from stool disorders. infancy... Frequent causes of diarrhea in children there may be a violation of sanitary and hygienic standards (dirty hands, water, poorly processed nipples, bottles, toys, etc.), diet (inappropriate for age, volume and composition of food); intolerance to milk (lactase deficiency), cereal proteins (gluten enteropathy); cystic fibrosis; ; intestinal dysbiosis.

Due to the peculiarities of the digestive system of children early age infant reacts with stool disorder to almost any stimuli: the introduction of complementary foods or the transition to artificial feeding, another milk mixture, infectious and inflammatory diseases (, etc.), a sharp change in climate, even emotional stress in family.

With each loose stool, an adult child loses 100-200 ml of fluid, and a breast one - 50-100 ml. Therefore, with frequent loose stools in a child dehydration may develop. Its signs are: thirst, dry skin and a decrease in its elasticity, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, refusal to eat and drink, in infants, the large fontanelle may sink.

Important diagnostic sign is a decrease in the amount of urine (it is dark, concentrated, released in small portions) and the frequency of urination (in infants less than 10 times a day, in older people less than 4-5 times). Dehydration is especially dangerous for infants and young children, since the loss of fluid relative to their weight is significant. Small children are shown urgent hospitalization when the first signs of dehydration appear.

Pathological conditions and diseases accompanied by diarrhea in children.

Diarrhea associated with eating disorders

The reason diarrhea in children there may be overeating, abuse of fatty and sugary foods, an excess of vegetables and fruits in the diet. Diarrhea is triggered by use a large number unaccustomed varied food in one meal and / or poorly compatible products (for example, milk with herring). This situation often develops after visiting guests or a cafe, a hearty meal for festive table... When moving to other cities and countries, the child may develop "travelers' diarrhea" due to a sharp change in the diet. Diarrhea associated with eating disorders is sometimes accompanied by abdominal pain and vomiting, the general condition of the child usually does not change. The restoration of bowel function occurs after the normalization of the diet. For a speedy recovery, in some cases, the appointment of enzymes (mezim forte, festal, etc.), anti-diarrheal drugs (loperamide, imodium), sorbents (activated carbon, estimate, etc.) is indicated.

In infants, acute indigestion () is often the result of a discrepancy between the volume and composition of the food and the physiological capabilities of the child's body. The reasons may be overfeeding, a sudden switch from breastfeeding to formula or switching to a different formula, too quickly the introduction of complementary foods, as well as the use of products that do not correspond to the age of the baby. Dyspepsia in infants is manifested by diarrhea, severe regurgitation, vomiting ,.

Withdrawal infant from a state of dyspepsia consists in the gradual restoration of a normal diet. After the appearance of unpleasant, dyspepsia symptoms it is necessary to skip one feeding, replacing it with water, chamomile tea or saline solution (rehydron, saline, 5% glucose solution). The next feeding and the entire first day of gastrointestinal upset, it is necessary to feed the baby breast milk or with a mixture at the same hours as usual, but cutting the feeding volume by 2 times.

The missing volume of food is replenished with the same fluids (water, saline, etc.). It is not yet possible to introduce complementary foods. On the second day, the child already receives up to 1/2 of the amount of food that is due to him by age. For 3-4 days, the volume of food is gradually brought to full. From the 5th day, you can carefully try to introduce the complementary foods that the child received before the illness. Additionally, the doctor may prescribe enzyme preparations and sorbents.

Intestinal infection, food poisoning, ARVI

With intestinal infections and food poisoning, it is accompanied by vomiting, abdominal pain, fever and worsening general condition(, weakness, lethargy, decreased activity, drowsiness, etc.). There are also ARVIs with diarrheal syndrome, the disease is accompanied by catarrhal symptoms (sore throat, etc.).

Intestinal dysbiosis, irritable bowel syndrome

Intestinal dysbiosis is a qualitative and / or quantitative violation of the intestinal microflora (microorganisms living in the large intestine). Dysbacteriosis and the associated irritable bowel syndrome are manifested by pain in the abdomen of a bursting character, intensifying in the evening, flatulence, stool disorders(diarrhea, constipation or alternation). With severe dysbiosis, the stool is liquefied, undigested, with greens, an unpleasant odor.

Lactase deficiency

The cause of the disease is a lack or absence in the child's body of the enzyme lactase, which digests milk sugar, lactose. This condition can be congenital and inherited, as well as a consequence of the transferred intestinal infections, intestinal dysbiosis, allergy to proteins cow's milk, taking certain medications (, hormones, antipyretics, etc.). Milk sugar intolerance in babies is often temporary, passing, associated with the immaturity of the baby's intestines. Over time, the child grows up and this lactose deficiency goes away.

Usually, symptoms of lactase deficiency appear from the first days of a child's life. Each infant feeding is accompanied by copious, sour-smelling, liquid, frothy stools. Intestinal colic, flatulence, rumbling in the abdomen, frequent regurgitation and vomiting, and poor weight gain are also characteristic. The diagnostic criterion is the presence of carbohydrates in the child's feces (analysis of feces for carbohydrates).

Leading treatment is the elimination (or significant restriction) of milk from the child's diet. Usually, on days 2-4 of adhering to a lactose-free diet, the child calms down, his diarrhea, vomiting, intestinal colic are stopped, and from 4-5 days he begins to gain weight. "Artists" are shown milk formulas that do not contain lactose (lactose-free) or with a low content (low-lactose). Transfer to a new mixture is carried out gradually, within 2-3 days, with a gradual replacement of feedings from one mixture to another.

To the kid who is on breastfeeding, a pharmacological preparation is shown: the enzyme lactase ( tradename Lactraza). It is added to every meal. In case of intolerance to the enzyme or its ineffectiveness, the child is transferred to an artificial mixture that does not contain lactose.

Despite the fact that the problem of lactase deficiency is more relevant for babies, older children can also suffer from milk intolerance. It is important to know that lactose is found not only in milk and dairy products, but can also be present in other foods and dishes in a "veiled" form. These are bread, pastries, pastries, candies, corn and wheat flakes, soups fast food, mayonnaise, margarine, ready-made meat dishes(cutlets), seasonings, etc. Therefore, always pay attention to the composition of the product.

How long should you follow a lactose-free diet?

Children with congenital enzyme deficiency and hereditary milk intolerance need to follow a lactose-free diet for life. With temporary immaturity of the intestine, lactase activity normalizes by about a year. In such infants, it is recommended to leave a milk-restricted diet during the first year of life, followed by the gradual introduction of dairy products into the diet, starting with fermented milk products containing live biocultures (bifikefir, bioyogurt, etc.). If lactose deficiency is the result of an intestinal infection, then dieting for several months will be required to restore the intestines.

Gluten Enteropathy (Celiac Disease)

This is a disease associated with intolerance to the protein of cereals - gluten. It is found in wheat, rye, and oats. The reasons may be a congenital genetic defect (a disease of a hereditary nature) or intestinal diseases (giardiasis, ascariasis, intestinal infections, etc.). Usually, the disease begins at the end of the first year of life, after the introduction of cereals and bread into complementary foods. Clinically, it is manifested by frequent, profuse, foamy stools with unpleasant odor, weight loss, growth retardation, the development of vitamin, protein, fat deficiency. In severe cases, significant emaciation is characteristic with a large swollen belly that stands out against its background.

In therapy, the leading is the appointment of a gluten-free diet. Dishes containing semolina, oatmeal, pearl barley, barley, wheat groats are excluded from the diet, pasta, bread and all products and confectionery products containing wheat, rye, barley flour. Following a strict diet diarrhea in children are stopped within 2 weeks, body weight is normalized within the first year, and growth - within 2 years. The prognosis when following a diet and correct treatment the child is auspicious.

Cystic fibrosis

it hereditary disease, accompanied by damage to the glands. Most often, the digestive and respiratory system... An alternation of persistent diarrhea and (up to intestinal obstruction requiring surgical operation). Feces not digested, offensive, shiny in appearance and greasy to the touch, poorly washed from the skin of the child and the pot. The diagnosis is confirmed scatological research and carrying out a special sweat test.

Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis

The leading symptom of these diseases is the appearance loose stools with scarlet blood, accompanied by pain in the abdomen.
The appearance of blood in the stool in a child can be a very symptom serious illnesses and requires a mandatory visit to a doctor with a subsequent examination of the large intestine.

Other causes of diarrhea in a child

Food allergies are often associated with diarrhea. The idea of it may be prompted by the connection of the occurrence of diarrhea with the use of certain foods. Diarrhea is also caused by impaired magnesium metabolism and some endocrine diseases, various stressful situations, intense fear, emotional shock. For example, fear of passing an exam, a responsible performance, sudden fright. People call this condition "bear disease."
There are others, more rare reasons diarrhea in children, here we have touched only the most common ones. It is possible that it was they who caused the upset of the stool in your baby. Therefore, when diarrhea in a child be sure to see a doctor.

Treating acute diarrhea. What kind of diet should you follow?

The diet depends on the pathology that caused the diarrhea. If the cause of the disease is not yet known or the stool disorder is associated with nutritional errors, intestinal infection, food poisoning, it is recommended to adhere to certain rules.

How to Replenish Fluid Loss?

To prevent dehydration of the body, it is necessary to replenish fluid and salts lost with frequent loose stools. Saline solutions Regidron, Glucosolan, Citroglucosolan (they are sold in a pharmacy) are dissolved in boiled water according to the instructions on the sachet. The amount of fluid is assigned depending on the severity of dehydration. The approximate amount of liquid is shown below:

Children under one year old: 130-170-200 ml per 1 kg of child's weight per day.
Children 1-5 years old: 100-170 ml per kg of child's weight per day.
Children 6-10 years old: 75-110 ml per kg of child's weight per day.

The fact that the child is receiving a sufficient amount of fluid is evidenced by the normal volume of urine and the regularity of urination. In addition to saline solutions, the child can drink boiled water, tea, chamomile tea, mineral water without gas, compote without sugar or with a minimum amount of sugar, fruit juices, diluted in half with water, rice water. Drinking recipe for diarrhea: 250 ml of grapefruit or orange juice, a pinch of table salt, a teaspoon of sugar.

What medications can you give your child?

Of drugs in treatment acute diarrhea use sorbents (enterosgel, activated carbon, polyphepan, filtraum, entgnin, pecto, smecta, etc.), when increased gassing and intestinal colic - espumisan, sub-simplex, disflotil, for pain and cramps in the abdomen - antispasmodics (no-shpa, papaverine, duspatalin) and other drugs as prescribed by a doctor. Antidiarrheal "fixing" drugs such as Imodium or Lopedium can be given to children from 6 years of age in cases of very frequent bowel movements exhausting child. They are contraindicated for dysentery, flatulence, colitis, and a tendency to constipation.
Recipes for "fixing" herbal preparations.

Mix equal parts fennel fruits, oak bark, sage leaves. 1 tbsp. l. collection, pour a glass of cold water. Insist at room temperature for 10 minutes. Boil for 15 minutes, drain. Take 1 glass (adult dose) 3 times daily before meals.
Mix 4 parts of the rhizomes of the mountaineer snake and chamomile flowers and 5 parts of plantain leaves and blueberries. 1 tbsp. l. collection, pour a glass of boiling water, boil in a water bath for 30 minutes. Cool for 10 minutes, drain. Take 1/4 cup (adult dose) 2 times daily before meals.
Mix 3 parts of bird cherry and 2 parts of blueberry. 1 tbsp. l. collection pour a glass of boiling water. Boil for 20 minutes, drain. Take 1 / 4-1 / 2 cup 3 times a day.

Diet food for a child with acute diarrhea

The child should be fed according to his appetite: if he wants to eat, feed, if he does not want to, do not force!

Excluded
Fatty, fried, smoked foods, pickles, products that gas and enhance intestinal contraction (milk, cabbage, especially sauerkraut, pickled vegetables, mountains, beans, onions, tomatoes, sweet fruits, grapes, fresh apples, cucumbers, eggplants, mushrooms, black bread , fresh pastry, sugar, kvass).
Recommended

Fruits and vegetables after heat treatment, fresh fruit without skin, juices with pulp;
jelly;
rice broth;
blueberries, pears, lingonberries, dogwood, fresh quince or in the form of compote;
mashed vegetable soup with rice, white bread croutons, porridge on the water (rice, buckwheat, oatmeal);
mashed potatoes in water with vegetable oil;
dairy products;
omelette.

With caution, you can give your child boiled meat and fish, turned through a meat grinder or in the form of steam cutlets.

Infant nutrition
It is recommended that breastfed infants continue to be fed with breast milk, artificial people are transferred to soy, lactose-free or low-lactose mixtures.

The health of the child is the most troubling issue for every mother. And yet, not a single baby is immune from the development of a particular disease. Among the most common diseases in babies, indigestion should be noted, especially in the summer. In a child, an upset stomach is most often accompanied by frequent loose stools. elevated temperature, vomiting, general weakness. What to do if a child has an upset stomach? First of all, you need to determine the factor that could provoke the disorder in order to be able to eliminate the cause of the baby's ailment.

Very often, the cause of stomach upset in children lies in the ingestion. Almost every child faces this infection before the age of 5. Rotavirus infection provokes the development of gastroenteritis, which negatively affects digestive function... The result is poor assimilation and digestion of food.

An upset stomach in children can also be caused by:

taking medications;
improper preparation of the mixture with artificial feeding of the baby;
food;
lack or absence of certain food enzymes in the baby's gastric juice;
concomitant diseases.

A digestive disorder can result from intoxication of the body after eating spoiled foods or poisonous substances.

In addition, an upset stomach can be of bacteriological nature, that is, a so-called intestinal infection occurs. An intestinal infection can be caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria. The most common intestinal infectious diseases dysentery and salmonellosis are considered, but in medical practice there are dozens of other KIZ names. Intestinal infections can occur in both adults and toddlers.

An infectious eating disorder in toddlers is often referred to as "dirty hands disease." As a rule, infection occurs as a result of unwashed or poorly washed hands, through household items, toys, and when eating unwashed vegetables and fruits. To be more precise, then colibacillus develops in expired fermented milk products.

Also, the causative agent can be, which actively reproduces in hot weather in a variety of confectionery products. Salmonella can enter a child's body through the use of foods contaminated with salmonellosis. These can be eggs, meat and sausages.

Some types of bacteria can be carried by rodents. Such pathogens are acquired by eating fruits and vegetables that were stored in pantries or cellars. Dysentery bacillus can live in pipelines, therefore, in order to protect the child from developing dysentery, give him only boiled water.

To replenish the loss of fluid, give your baby tea, compote, fruit drink, glucose solution or a special solution "Regidron", the powder of which can be purchased at any pharmacy.

You can make your own rehydration solution. To do this, you will need 1 teaspoon of sugar and a pinch of salt. Add a little salt, otherwise the baby will not drink the solution. A few drops of freshly squeezed orange juice will not only improve the taste of the resulting drink, but also enrich the child's body with potassium.

Try to give your child a drink at intervals of 5-10 minutes, while it is not necessary for the child to drink a lot, it is enough to give a teaspoon to the baby and a tablespoon to an older child. The more and the more often the child drinks, the better.

In addition, you need to give the child an absorbent, for example, Smecta, Polysorb or Polyphepan. If mucus, greens or blood streaks are present in the feces, you will also need to take a course antibacterial therapy your doctor prescribes.

If the baby's temperature rises and its value exceeds 38 degrees, then it needs to be knocked down. For digestive disorders, medicines containing paracetamol are more preferable. However, paracetamol suppositories are effective only when the baby's stool frequency does not exceed 10 times a day, so if you have diarrhea, use an antipyretic tablet or syrup.

If an upset stomach occurs in a breastfed baby, it is necessary to take a break from feeding and review the mother's diet. It is also important to solder the baby with boiled water or saline solution. After the condition of the crumbs improves, you can gradually return to the usual feeding regimen.

If the baby is artificially fed, it is necessary to withstand a break between feedings in the amount of 8-12 hours, then transfer the child to fermented milk mixtures. If the child is 6 months old, you can periodically mix the mixture with rice water. As for other complementary foods, they can be introduced into the diet gradually at intervals of two days. That is, on the third day you can introduce vegetable puree into the diet, then only on the 6th day give the baby meat, etc.

New products for the baby should be introduced into complementary foods only after the final recovery of the crumbs.

If the disorder occurs in older children, they must be transferred to a special dietary regimen. In most cases, the ideal diet will be a diet that includes rice porridge cooked in water, grated vegetable soups, mashed potatoes without adding milk or butter, kefir, crackers and biscuit biscuits, baked apples.

It is important to adhere to this rule: portions should be small, but you need to eat often with a short interval of time.

If there is a possibility that an upset stomach is caused by poisoning with mushrooms or poisonous plants, and there is no vomiting, then it is important to induce a gag reflex as soon as possible in order to remove the poison from the body. You can induce vomiting by irritating the root of the tongue by pressing. If the signs of mushroom poisoning are poorly expressed, it is still necessary to call an ambulance or independently deliver the child to the infectious diseases department of the children's hospital.

After an upset stomach, the child is usually put on a dispensary, which is monitored throughout the year. At the dispensary, the gastroenterologist assesses the patient's condition, prescribes a control EGDS, together with which a biopsy of the gastric mucosa is performed. Based on the results of the EGDS biopsy, a decision is made to remove the child from the register.

With timely treatment of indigestion and adherence to a diet, the disease ends with recovery. Otherwise, the development of chronic and even peptic ulcer disease is possible.

To avoid an upset stomach, the following rules must be followed:

be sure to wash your hands before every meal;
be sure to wash your hands with soap and water after using the toilet;
do not consume raw water and milk;
pour boiling water over vegetables and fruits before eating them;
store cooked meals in the refrigerator for no more than two days.

In addition, you should not buy food in spontaneous markets and feed your child in a cafe. fast food... In hot seasons, try to cook food for one meal only, as indigestion can be caused by even good quality food after being warm.

Pay attention to the fact that dysentery bacillus can survive for 50 days, so be careful about bathing your child in fresh water.

If, nevertheless, your child becomes ill with dysentery, do not allow him to communicate with other children, since the person is a carrier of dysentery for a month after recovery. This will protect healthy children from developing intestinal infections.

With regard to visits kindergarten, then this should be postponed. With the infectious nature of the digestive disorder, the pathogen can persist in the child's body for a fairly long period of time, therefore, before receiving a certificate of recovery, it is necessary to pass an analysis of feces for the presence of the pathogen. If a pathogen is found, it will be necessary to pass a second analysis after a certain period.

Prevent toxins from food poisoning vegetable origin... To do this, do not allow the child to not only collect, but also touch plants that may be poisonous. In the food of children under 7 years old, mushrooms in any form should not be present, since the gastric juice of a child at this age does not yet contain the necessary for digestion complex food enzymes.

Salmonellosis can also be avoided by following some rules for preparing food for you and your baby:

wash your hands not only before and after cooking, but also after each operation;
defrost poultry meat in a separate container, avoid contact of meat with other products;
carry out the culinary processing of minced meat on the same day it was bought in the store;
boiled soft-boiled eggs cannot be cooled in cold water, because the retention of heat inside the egg contributes to the destruction of bacteria;
it is necessary to fry the meat until the ichor ceases to stand out from it.

What a mother can do for an upset stomach in her baby

So, with an upset stomach in a baby, your actions should be as follows:

- firstly, every mother should know that diarrhea and vomiting can lead to dehydration of the body, therefore, it is necessary to water the child often, in small doses and the necessary drinks - boiled water, saline solutions, dried fruit compote. From saline solutions, you can use Rehydron, diluted according to the instructions, or prepare a solution for rehydration yourself. You can also give the child Smecta or Polysorb to absorb substances that irritate the intestines;

Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in newborns and children of the first year of life are divided into the following types: diarrhea, abdominal pain, regurgitation, aerophagia.

This is far from full list diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children. Diagnostics and treatment should be handled by pediatric gastroenterologist, and parents should know the main signs of these diseases, alarming symptoms and methods of first aid.

Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in children are one of the most widespread problems, in particular among children in the first months of life. Distinctive feature of these states is the appearance clinical symptoms in the absence of any organic changes in the gastrointestinal tract (structural abnormalities, inflammatory changes, infections or tumors) and metabolic abnormalities.

In infants, especially in the first 6 months of life, the most common conditions are regurgitation, intestinal colic and functional constipation.

Causes of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in children

The causes of functional disorders in children in the work of the gastrointestinal tract can be divided into two groups: those associated with the mother and those associated with the child.

The first group of reasons includes:

Burdened obstetric history.
Errors in nutrition in a nursing mother.
Violation of the feeding technique and overfeeding with natural and artificial feeding.
Incorrect dilution of infant formula.
Smoking woman.

The reasons associated with the child are:

Anatomical and functional immaturity of the digestive system (short abdominal esophagus, sphincter insufficiency, decreased enzymatic activity, etc.).
Dysfunction of the regulation of the gastrointestinal tract due to immaturity of the central and peripheral nervous system(intestines).
Features of the formation of intestinal microbiota.
The formation of a sleep / wake rhythm.

Also, the reasons that contribute to the development of problems and pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract in children include:

Unbalanced diet.
Unfavorable ecological situation.
Allergic reactions.
Neuroses.

In most cases, when such pathologies are detected, the heredity factor is confirmed.

Gastrointestinal problem in children: diarrhea

Diarrhea is an increased frequency or thinning of stools associated with indigestion. If children of the first year of life have a chair 3 - 5 times a day and have the consistency of thick sour cream, then after a year it should be regular and decorated.

Diarrhea is not a safe condition as it can disrupt gastrointestinal functions such as motility and absorption. nutrients... But diarrhea often leads to dehydration and nutritional deficiencies in the body. The reasons for its occurrence include:

Inaccuracies in nutrition.
Diet inappropriate for age.
Food poisoning.
Taking antibiotics.
Worms.
Intestinal infection.
Stress and negative emotions.
Lactose deficiency.

If diarrhea is accompanied by fever, loss of appetite, weakness and deterioration in the general condition of the child, then a visit to the doctor should be immediate.

It is necessary to carry out a set of measures to provide emergency assistance, namely:

Do not feed.
Replenish fluid loss.
Monitor the patient's condition.

To replenish fluid loss, electrolyte solutions are used, for example, "Regidron". Drinks should be given in small sips so as not to induce vomiting, but often, every 3 to 5 minutes.

Further treatment is prescribed by a specialist, based on the results laboratory research... However, regardless of the tactics of therapy, its important stage should be recovery intestinal microflora by taking lactobacilli, such as the drug "Acipola".

Disruption of the gastrointestinal tract in children: symptoms and treatment of constipation

Constipation - dysfunction gastrointestinal tract in a child, which manifests itself in an increase in the intervals between bowel movements or a systematic incomplete emptying of the intestines.

The reasons can be:

Improper bowel function.
Increased body temperature.
Taking antibiotics.

Climate, water and dietary changes can also provoke constipation.

If there are no apparent reasons for constipation, then it is better to consult a specialist with this symptom of a malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. If the reasons are obvious, then you need to provide emergency care... It is recommended to put a micro enema, for example "Mikrolax", and make sure that such situations do not recur:

Normalize diet.
Eliminate dysbiosis.
Restore intestinal motility.

Besides, normal bowel movements facilitate regular physical exercise... And with such a functional disturbance in the work of the gastrointestinal tract in young children, you can massage the abdomen in circular movements in a clockwise direction, regularly perform exercises that consist in raising the legs to the abdomen area and with light knee pressure on it, and also introduce mashed potatoes with a probiotic into complementary foods ...

Abdominal pain with problems with the gastrointestinal tract in a child

Abdominal pain in children can be a symptom of many diseases and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, including.

In infants, signs of pain look like:

Anxiety.
Breast refusal.
Cry.

The reasons for such pain can be:

Gastritis.
Peptic ulcer disease.
Colic.
Binge eating.
Indigestion.
Constipation.

Painful sensations can accompany food poisoning or the course of a viral or bacterial infection.

Parents should understand that any pain in the abdomen that lasts more than half an hour should not be ignored.

If abdominal pain is caused by intestinal colic in infants, then this condition is accompanied by:

Crying fits for no apparent reason.
Pulling your legs up to your stomach.
Passing gas while crying.

This condition is caused by an immature digestive system and flatulence during feeding.

You need to match all the factors that cause concern, go through comprehensive examination and strictly follow the doctor's orders.

At intestinal colic in babies important point in the treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract is:

Compliance with the diet of a nursing mother.
Laying the baby out on the stomach between feedings.
Use of the drug "Espumisan" with each feeding in accordance with the instructions.

Colic is thought to begin at 3 weeks of age and end at 3 months. When the colic finally disappears, it will be evidence of the adaptation of the infant's body to the "adult" type of nutrition, ie, not through the umbilical cord, but through the stomach.

Spitting up in a child with a violation of the gastrointestinal tract

This is a very common occurrence in babies in the first months of life. A baby is born with a relatively small stomach, so some of the milk remains in the esophagus. And since the child very often swallows air together with milk (if the feeding technique is violated), the air comes out with the milk.

It is imperative to distinguish regurgitation from vomiting. When spitting up, the child is not worried. Milk flows out of the baby's mouth. When vomiting, the baby is very anxious, the contents of the stomach "fly out" under pressure.

Regurgitation can be both a variant of the norm and evidence. serious problems associated with the gastrointestinal tract.

Functional causes that are a variant of the norm:

Overfeeding.
Flatulence.
Unsuitable mixture.
Tight swaddling.

Causes of pathological regurgitation:

Infectious processes in the body.
Abnormalities in the development of the gastrointestinal tract.
Renal failure
Heredity.

In addition, spitting up in babies can be caused by food poisoning.

When feeding a baby, it is necessary to follow the feeding rules - correctly attach the baby to the breast or feed him from a bottle. After feeding, you need to hold the baby in an upright position ("column") for several minutes. This is usually enough.

In addition, regurgitation can be the result of a violation of the process of digestion of food, a manifestation of increased excitability of the nervous system, etc. In these cases, regurgitation can adversely affect the weight gain of the child.

Typically, in infants, such disturbances in the work of the gastrointestinal tract disappear as the body matures, usually by 3 months. If they last longer, then a specialist consultation is necessary.

Dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in children: symptoms and treatment of vomiting

Vomiting is one of the symptoms of gastrointestinal disturbances. It can be either a sign of food poisoning or other, more serious pathologies. If vomiting occurs, it is imperative to provide first aid to the child, measure the body temperature and monitor his condition.

Causes of vomiting:

Overeating, especially in infants.
Inflammation of the stomach lining.
Taking medications.
Gastritis.
Intestinal infection.
Food poisoning.
Diseases of the central nervous system.

There can be many reasons, and therefore such a condition in a child cannot be ignored.

What to do?

When the first signs appear, you should contact your local pediatrician. During a medical examination in a children's clinic, a pediatrician conducts a detailed collection of anamnesis, examination, consultations, appoints specialist doctors, additional methods examinations to exclude more serious diseases.

The treatment is prescribed complex after the examination of the child. Typically, doctors prescribe antiemetic drugs, such as Cerucal. If necessary, antimicrobial and antiviral agents, for example Novirin.

First aid:

Lay the patient on his side or carry in an upright position.
Drink often in small sips, a solution of "Regidron" is suitable.
Do not feed.
Wash your face and rinse your mouth between vomiting.

Also, when vomiting in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract dysfunction in children, sorbents are used, the drug "Smecta", which is effective in reducing the effect of toxins on the body, has proven itself well. In the case when vomiting is accompanied by pain or cramps in the abdomen, antispasmodics are used. To protect the irritated gastrointestinal mucosa, it is better to prescribe an antispasmodic in the form rectal suppositories, for example "Viburkol".

Aerophagia in violation of the gastrointestinal tract in a child

Aerophagia is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract in children, the cause of which is the swallowing of air, leading to repeated belching and flatulence. Moderate aerophagia is a common occurrence in children during the first months of life due to the immaturity of the nervous regulation of the swallowing process.

In infants, aerophagia can be caused by improper latching to the breast or too much milk pressure.

What to do?

When aerophagia appears in a child, parents should contact the local pediatrician to find out and eliminate the causes that caused aerophagia.

Article read 7,177 times (a).