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What is a nasal septum?
The nasal septum is a bone-cartilaginous plate that divides the nasal cavity into approximately equal two halves. In newborns, the nasal septum is flat and straight. It consists entirely of cartilage tissue, on which there are foci of ossification. With the growth of the child, these foci of bone tissue turn into bones, and grow together into one bone. This process is completed by the age of 10. In an adult, the front of the nasal septum consists of cartilaginous tissue, while the back is a thin bone. Both sides are covered with mucous membranes.Thanks to the nasal septum, the inhaled air is divided into equal streams. This ensures its linear movement into the respiratory tract and more even warming, moisturizing and cleansing. Any violation of the configuration of this part of the respiratory system leads to a violation of the above functions and predisposes to the development of various allergic and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs, headaches, disorders of the heart, nervous system and other organs.
Causes of the curvature of the nasal septum
Reasons leading to curvature of the nasal septum are very diverse. Otolaryngologists divide them into: - physiological;
- compensatory;
- traumatic.
- uneven growth of the bones of the cerebral and facial part of the skull - active growth of the cerebral part of the skull leads to a decrease in the size of the nasal cavity and bending of the nasal septum;
- uneven growth of foci of bone and cartilaginous tissue of the nasal septum - more active growth of bone tissue leads to deformation of the areas of the nasal septum, consisting of cartilaginous tissue;
- excessive growth of the rudimentary organ of Jacobson, located in the olfactory region of the nose and consisting of an accumulation of nerve tissue - the active growth of this rudiment leads to a restriction of space for the normal development of the nasal septum and its curvature.
- hypertrophy of one of the nasal concha - an enlarged turbinate presses on the nasal septum and causes its deformation and displacement;
- tumors and polyps of the nasal mucosa - when they are large, nasal breathing is disturbed, and the nasal septum compensates for this condition and is bent.
It is not always possible to identify the initial cause of the curvature of the nasal septum. Most often, this deformity is detected in children 13-18 years old, and extremely rarely make itself felt in early childhood.
Types and types of curvature of the nasal septum
Otolaryngologists distinguish three types of curvature of the nasal septum:- curvature;
- crest.
- S-shaped front-back;
- S-shaped;
- C-shaped;
- curvature in relation to the bony crest of the upper jaw;
- curvature of the bone crest of the upper jaw and nasal septum.
Symptoms of the curvature of the nasal septum
The main and most frequent complaint of a patient with a curvature of the nasal septum is a violation of nasal breathing, which can manifest itself in shortness of breath, dryness and nasal congestion, the release of mucous (sometimes mucopurulent) discharge. Most often, this symptom manifests itself on one side. Patients with a deviated nasal septum often have:
- chronic inflammation of the sinuses of the nose (sinusitis);
- increased susceptibility to viral infections of the respiratory tract;
- nosebleeds;
- persistent discomfort in the nose;
- vasomotor rhinitis (due to excessive proliferation of blood vessels);
- pain in the nose and face;
- noisy nose breathing during sleep (especially in children);
- swelling of the mucous membrane on the affected side;
- headache;
- fast fatiguability ;
- tendency to depression;
- decreased concentration and memory.
With curvature of the nasal septum due to trauma (fractures or dislocations of the cartilage), the nose may shift to the left or right and the shape of the nose may change. These signs are the result of improper fusion of the cartilage of the nasal septum.
Curvature of the nasal septum in a child
Curvature of the nasal septum in a child manifests itself as constantly disturbed and difficult nasal breathing, chronic rhinitis and frequent spontaneous nosebleeds. In some cases, there is an absolute absence of nasal breathing. Children with a deviated nasal septum often breathe through their mouth. In their sleep, they may experience noisy breathing through the nose and even snoring. In these children, respiratory infections are often complicated by frontal sinusitis or sinusitis, which can become chronic. Deformation of the nasal septum can provoke inflammatory diseases of the auditory tubes (tubo-otitis), adenoiditis and vasomotor rhinitis.
Violation of nasal breathing in a child can lead to aggravation or appearance of allergic rhinitis. At the same time, such children have itching in the nose and a constant discharge of mucus from the nose. With the progression of allergic processes, attacks of bronchial asthma can be observed.
Due to the lack of normal functioning of the respiratory system, the brain of a child with a deviated nasal septum experiences constant oxygen starvation. Lack of oxygen leads to:
- headaches;
- rapid fatigue;
- poor memorization of new information;
- decreased alertness;
- frequent whims.
Consequences of curvature of the nasal septum
Curvature of the nasal septum leads to the development of a host of unpleasant consequences, such as:- tendency to frequent colds;
- rhinitis (vasomotor, hypertrophic, atrophic, allergic);
- frontal;
- sinusitis;
- sinusitis;
- tubo-otitis;
- otitis media;
- laryngeal spasms;
- bronchial asthma;
- convulsive epileptiform seizures;
- asthenic-vegetative syndrome;
- disorders of the heart, eyes and other organs;
- decreased immunity.
Treatment
Correction of the curvature of the nasal septum is carried out only by surgery.Septoplasty
Septoplasty is an operation in which the curvature of a deformed septum is surgically corrected. The main goal of this operation is to improve nasal breathing. Septoplasty is performed after the completion of the formation of the nasal septum. Most often it is prescribed at the age of 18-21 years, but in some exceptional cases it is performed at an earlier age. This is because before the end of the complete formation of the bony septum, there is a chance that it will correct itself. In addition, the operation at an early age can cause the need for a second operation, since before the end of the final formation of the nasal first year, it can bend again.
Septoplasty can be performed using traditional surgical techniques or using endoscopic minimally invasive techniques. Indications for this operation may be:
- often exacerbated chronic sinusitis;
- chronic swelling of the nasal mucosa;
- frequent colds;
- persistent itching or dryness in the nose;
- frequent headaches or pain in the face area;
- snore.
In recent years, the most popular is endoscopic septoplasty, which is performed using special equipment and surgical instruments. This minimally invasive operation is performed with minimal damage to soft tissues and cartilage, provides a more aesthetic result and reduces the duration of the recovery period.
As with any surgery, septoplasty has a number of contraindications:
- blood clotting disorders;
- infectious diseases;
- oncological diseases;
- severe diseases of internal organs.
Laser treatment
Treatment of a deviated nasal septum with a laser (laser septoplasty), despite the presence of some restrictions on the use of this technique, has proven itself in otolaryngological practice. This promising technique is based on the properties of a laser to evaporate deformed areas of cartilaginous tissue. Laser septoplasty can be performed only in cases when only its cartilaginous part has undergone deformation and the cartilage has not been broken. To perform this operation, special equipment is used that allows the surgeon to control the depth of penetration of the laser beam into the tissue.
The operation is almost bloodless, since the laser, cutting through the tissue, almost immediately "seals" the damaged blood vessels. Areas of cartilage tissue that need to be removed are warmed up to a certain temperature. After the completion of the operation, the nasal septum is fixed in the required position using gauze tampons and a plaster cast.
Benefits of laser treatment for nasal septum deviations:
- bloodlessness;
- minimal trauma to soft tissues and cartilage;
- antiseptic effect on the soft tissues of the nose;
- stimulation of the patient's immune system;
- extremely rare postoperative complications;
- reduction of the rehabilitation period.
Contraindications for laser treatment are:
- history of convulsions;
- oncological diseases;
- infectious diseases;
- some endocrinological diseases.
Rehabilitation after surgery
After septoplasty, the patient has to breathe through the mouth, since the nasal cavity is tamponed with gauze tampons to fix the nasal septum in its normal position. During this period, it is necessary to exclude various differences in ambient temperature. Immediately after the operation, the patient is prescribed a course of antibiotic therapy, which is aimed at preventing infectious complications. Various pain relievers are prescribed to relieve pain.The tampons are removed after a few days, and most patients can be discharged from the hospital within 7-10 days after the operation. Although the tampons are removed from the nasal cavity, the patient may have difficulty breathing through the nose. This is due to the fact that the swelling of the mucous membrane persists for a long period of time.
Recovery after endoscopic or laser septoplasty takes place in a shorter time. The swelling disappears earlier than after traditional surgery, and the healing of soft tissues is much faster.
After any type of septoplasty, you can return to your usual lifestyle after 2 weeks. It is recommended to avoid heavy physical exertion and sudden temperature changes for one month.
Operation price
The cost of septoplasty depends on many indicators:- the degree of curvature of the nasal septum;
- type of operation;
- type of pain relief (local or general anesthesia);
- the volume of rehabilitation measures.
The final cost of septoplasty must be checked with the surgeon after all diagnostic measures have been carried out.
In this article, we will consider the question of how how to eliminate the curvature of the nasal septum in a child and in what cases an operation is indicated to eliminate this defect on the face.
Nasal septum in children bent due to improper bone formation in the face area, or due to bone damage. In this case, the curved section of the nasal septum can acquire a seal, similar to spines or a ridge, it is formed by bone, cartilaginous tissue.
It is difficult for a child to breathe through the nose; in some cases, air cannot pass through one or both nostrils at all. The auditory tube and tympanic cavity can be affected by chronic inflammation.
There are several factors that are often contribute to the curvature of the nasal septum: Cartilage and bone tissue in the nasal region grow at different rates, damage and the presence of various diseases of the nose (eg polyps).
There are two types of curvature: congenital (the defect appears during intrauterine development and is observed in a newborn baby immediately after birth), acquired (which occurs at the time of childbirth, or later, under the influence of external factors). The more the nasal septum is curved and the less air enters into the nasal passages, the easier it is to replace and recognize this defect. Bright signs of curvature of the nasal septum in children: snoring during sleep, breathing through the mouth, the presence of nosebleeds, persistent runny nose, sinusitis. This symptomatology may also indicate adenoids. If a child has a severe curvature of the nasal septum, what kind of surgery can completely eliminate the defect?
Children's ENT states curvature of the nasal septum in a child during the examination, after which surgical intervention is necessary - septoplasty, which was previously called submucosal resection of the nasal septum. Children are operated on after 14 years old, but in some cases, if due to curvature the child often suffers infectious diseases, then the procedure is performed at 6 years old. The use of general anesthesia for children is mandatory.
How is this operation to eliminate the curvature of the nasal septum going? The problem can be eliminated only with a surgical method. After such a plastic surgery, no scars remain on the face, everything is done through the nasal passages (endonasally), additional incisions are not needed. In this case, the septum falls into place, the mucous membrane is preserved. Septoplasty can be done endoscopically using an endoscope. If the cartilaginous area is not severely damaged, the defect is eliminated with a laser, but only one patient out of a hundred will receive the desired result.
When there are no serious complications, the patient spends one and a half to two hours on the operating table. After a couple of days, the tampons are taken away. The patient can start work in a week, and after a month - return to the usual rhythm of life.
Below you will find information on what causes contribute to the development curvature of the nasal septum in children... We will also tell you what problems may appear in children who develop curvature of the nasal septum. You will also learn what septoplasty is and how it is performed treatment of curvature of the nasal septum.
Now you know in what cases it is shown surgery to correct the curvature of the nasal septum and what complications may be after surgery (septoplasty).
Next article.
If the structure of the cartilage tissue is disturbed, the patient is diagnosed with a curvature of the nasal septum. This part is the wall between the two sinuses that divides the cavity into a left and right part. The cartilage structure is made of flexible tissue covered with skin. A large number of vessels are concentrated on it, which feed this part. In perfect condition, the septum is located exactly in the middle of the nasal cavity.
According to statistics, today, almost eighty percent of people have a deviated nasal septum. In most cases, it shifts slightly from the center and does not cause discomfort. Most often, this pathology is observed in children. With a strong violation of the structure, the septum can provoke respiratory disorders and become the root cause of chronic rhinitis. Therefore, if you notice inconsistencies, it is important to know the symptoms and treatment of curvature of the nasal septum in children.
An abnormal structure of the nasal septum is most often diagnosed in adolescents and children. This pathology becomes the cause of the formation of prolonged rhinitis, breathing problems, as well as abundant secretions of a mucous membrane. In addition, with a curved septum, inflammatory problems arise, as well as a tendency to allergic reactions.
Jaw extension
Deviations in the structure of the partition arise at the beginning of the growth of the child.
Usually this process occurs at the age of six, when the patient's molars are erupting.
Due to the expansion of the jaw, the nasal cavity changes. This process becomes the main cause of the curvature of the nasal septum in children.
Congenital etiology
Among the common reasons, a congenital predisposition is manifested when, being in the mother's belly, the formation of the baby's nose is wrong... Various injuries during birth are attributed to the same reason.
Traumatization
The most common reason is considered trauma to the nose. The structure inside the nose can be disrupted by a strong blow to one part of the cavity, as well as active games or a serious hobby for various martial arts.
Other reasons
Other common reasons include the following signs:
- The nasal septum can be modified when the growth of the skull bones does not match and the rapid increase in cartilage tissue in the nasal cavity.
- Due to the pressure inside the nasal cavity due to the penetration of a foreign object or the formation of a tumor or polyp, the septum is the first to suffer.
- With infectious inflammation, a thickening occurs in the nasal part, which leads to a modification of the cartilage.
During the anatomical change, the patient notices that one cavity becomes much wider than the other.... This modification leads to many symptoms. If the curvature of the septum is not serious, then the process is not considered as a serious pathology.
Symptoms
With the curvature of the septum, the inhaled air leads to irritation of the mucous membrane, which leads to various processes in the paranasal sinuses and the Eustachian tube.
Among the main signs of curvature of the septum, loss is noted. With the slow development of the deviation, this dysfunction manifests itself slowly, therefore, the patient does not always notice such a symptom immediately.
Besides, respiratory failure occurs and persistent nasal congestion manifests itself.
In some cases, a deviated septum becomes a cause or acute. As a result, the patient has headache, ear congestion, pain in the throat, and bleeding.
Pathology in the structure of the nose always causes other inflammations in the mucous membrane associated with the functions of the respiratory organ. Often, a violation in the structure of the septum causes a seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Other symptoms include:
- blockage of the right or left nostril;
- but with only one cavity;
- frequent and unexpected nosebleeds;
- dryness of the mucous membrane;
- pain in the face;
- noisy breathing;
- headache;
- snore;
- sleeping on one side;
- frequent viral or infectious inflammation;
- swelling of tissues in the nasal cavity;
- violation of air permeability.
However, at the initial stage of curvature, the patient may not notice the symptoms. Therefore, with a curvature of the septum, the patient may not be aware of his pathology. People with noticeable curvature are at risk of acute sinusitis, frequent bleeding, and other problems. They can be eliminated only with the help of surgical intervention.
Treatment methods
When wondering what to do if a child has a curvature of the nasal septum, the first step is to undergo a diagnosis. It is possible to determine the obvious symptoms without the help of a doctor, but in order to conduct a comprehensive examination, contact an ENT specialist.
In certain cases, the curvature of the nasal septum can be cured with the help of medication. Drops and nasal sprays will help eliminate tissue swelling and restore air permeability. To restore the functions of the nose completely, it is necessary to rinse the nose, as well as to take decongestants.
It should be noted that drug treatment can be justified and effective only in the case of a minor pathology... If the patient has a noticeable curvature, doctors prescribe surgery.
During the operation, the cartilage and bones in the nasal cavity are straightened to the patient. Such therapy is carried out under local anesthesia and only after taking certain medications.
Plastic nasal septum
To restore the septum, the patient may choose plastic... In this case, the surgical intervention is performed through the patient's nostrils. The advantage of plastic surgery is the absence of scars and adhesions on the outer part of the nose, as well as absolute painlessness.
The whole procedure takes about one hour. After the operation, nasal breathing is restored within eight weeks.
During the rehabilitation period, the patient must use antiseptics and antibacterial drugs, as well as adhere to the medication course prescribed by the doctor.
During recovery, the patient needs to visit a doctor. twice a month. This is necessary to prevent the formation of adhesions and disruption of tissue fusion.
If the curvature manifests itself in the baby, you should wait for eighteen years. Until this age, the child continues to grow and the operation can disrupt the natural growth of the nose.
Septoplasty
V In certain cases, the patient may opt for reconstructive plastic surgery. When choosing septoplasty, the incorrect structure of the nasal septum is corrected.
The procedure goes through the nostrils, but in extremely difficult moments, doctors can perform the operation with an open method.
When choosing septoplasty, it is necessary to be aware of the formation of scars, scars and adhesions. But, the main goal of the operation is to quickly restore breathing.
The rehabilitation period lasts up to seven days. After the operation, the formation of facial swelling, bleeding, negative reactions to medications and painful sensations in the nasal cavity are noted. They usually take place on the fifth day.
In the first month after surgery, the patient has pain in the head, swelling, bleeding, often bursting vessels in the nasal cavity. Perfect recovery comes during two months.
Prevention
Unfortunately, it is impossible to prevent the curvature of the nasal septum. But you can protect yourself by avoiding any damage. To do this, when playing active games or participating in contact sports, wear protective helmets and be extremely careful.
If the structure of the cartilage tissue is disturbed, the patient is diagnosed with a curvature of the nasal septum. This part is the wall between the two sinuses that divides the cavity into a left and right part. The cartilage structure is made of flexible tissue covered with skin. A large number of vessels are concentrated on it, which feed this part. In perfect condition, the septum is located exactly in the middle of the nasal cavity.
According to statistics, today, almost eighty percent of people have a deviated nasal septum. In most cases, it shifts slightly from the center and does not cause discomfort. Most often, this pathology is observed in children. With a strong violation of the structure, the septum can provoke respiratory disorders and become the root cause of chronic rhinitis. Therefore, if you notice inconsistencies, it is important to know the symptoms and treatment of curvature of the nasal septum in children.
Why is the nasal septum curved
An abnormal structure of the nasal septum is most often diagnosed in adolescents and children. This pathology becomes the cause of the formation of prolonged rhinitis, breathing problems, as well as abundant secretions of a mucous membrane. In addition, with a curved septum, inflammatory problems arise, as well as a tendency to allergic reactions.
Jaw extension
Deviations in the structure of the partition arise at the beginning of the growth of the child.
Usually this process occurs at the age of six, when the patient's molars are erupting.
Due to the expansion of the jaw, the nasal cavity changes. This process becomes the main cause of the curvature of the nasal septum in children.
Congenital etiology
Among the common reasons, a congenital predisposition is manifested when, being in the mother's belly, the formation of the baby's nose is wrong... Various injuries during birth are attributed to the same reason.
Traumatization
The most common reason is considered trauma to the nose. The structure inside the nose can be disrupted by a strong blow to one part of the cavity, as well as active games or a serious hobby for various martial arts.
Other reasons
Other common reasons include the following signs:
- The nasal septum can be modified when the growth of the skull bones does not match and the rapid increase in cartilage tissue in the nasal cavity.
- Due to the pressure inside the nasal cavity due to the penetration of a foreign object or the formation of a tumor or polyp, the septum is the first to suffer.
- With infectious inflammation, a thickening occurs in the nasal part, which leads to a modification of the cartilage.
During the anatomical change, the patient notices that one cavity becomes much wider than the other.... This modification leads to many symptoms. If the curvature of the septum is not serious, then the process is not considered as a serious pathology.
Symptoms
With the correct structure of the nasal cavity, air flows evenly and penetrates through both parts. When inhaled, oxygen is moistened, warmed and filtered, and then penetrates into the paranasal sinuses.
With the curvature of the septum, the inhaled air leads to irritation of the mucous membrane, which leads to various processes in the paranasal sinuses and the Eustachian tube.
Loss of smell is noted among the main signs of curvature of the septum. With the slow development of the deviation, this dysfunction manifests itself slowly, therefore, the patient does not always notice such a symptom immediately.
Besides, respiratory failure occurs and persistent nasal congestion manifests itself.
In some cases, a deviated septum causes prolonged rhinitis or acute sinusitis. As a result, the patient has headache, ear congestion, pain in the throat, and bleeding.
Pathology in the structure of the nose always causes swelling in the mucous membrane and other inflammations associated with the functions of the respiratory organ. Often, a violation in the structure of the septum causes a seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Other symptoms include:
- blockage of the right or left nostril;
- nasal congestion, but only from one cavity;
- frequent and unexpected nosebleeds;
- dryness of the mucous membrane;
- pain in the face;
- noisy breathing;
- headache;
- snore;
- sleeping on one side;
- frequent viral or infectious inflammation;
- swelling of tissues in the nasal cavity;
- violation of air permeability.
However, at the initial stage of curvature, the patient may not notice the symptoms. Therefore, with a curvature of the septum, the patient may not be aware of his pathology. People with noticeable curvature are at risk of acute sinusitis, frequent bleeding, and other problems. They can be eliminated only with the help of surgical intervention.
Treatment methods
When wondering what to do if a child has a curvature of the nasal septum, the first step is to undergo a diagnosis. It is possible to determine the obvious symptoms without the help of a doctor, but in order to conduct a comprehensive examination, contact an ENT specialist.
In certain cases, the curvature of the nasal septum can be cured with the help of medication. Drops and nasal sprays will help eliminate tissue swelling and restore air permeability. To restore the functions of the nose completely, it is necessary to rinse the nose, as well as to take decongestants.
It should be noted that drug treatment can be justified and effective only in the case of a minor pathology... If the patient has a noticeable curvature, doctors prescribe surgery.
During the operation, the cartilage and bones in the nasal cavity are straightened to the patient. Such therapy is carried out under local anesthesia and only after taking certain medications.
Plastic nasal septum
To restore the septum, the patient may choose plastic... In this case, the surgical intervention is performed through the patient's nostrils. The advantage of plastic surgery is the absence of scars and adhesions on the outer part of the nose, as well as absolute painlessness.
The whole procedure takes about one hour. After the operation, nasal breathing is restored within eight weeks.
During the rehabilitation period, the patient must use antiseptics and antibacterial drugs, as well as adhere to the medication course prescribed by the doctor.
During recovery, the patient needs to visit a doctor. twice a month. This is necessary to prevent the formation of adhesions and disruption of tissue fusion.
If the curvature manifests itself in the baby, you should wait for eighteen years. Until this age, the child continues to grow and the operation can disrupt the natural growth of the nose.
Septoplasty
V In certain cases, the patient may opt for reconstructive plastic surgery. When choosing septoplasty, the incorrect structure of the nasal septum is corrected.
The procedure goes through the nostrils, but in extremely difficult moments, doctors can perform the operation with an open method.
When choosing septoplasty, it is necessary to be aware of the formation of scars, scars and adhesions. But, the main goal of the operation is to quickly restore breathing.
The rehabilitation period lasts up to seven days. After the operation, the formation of facial swelling, bleeding, negative reactions to medications and painful sensations in the nasal cavity are noted. They usually take place on the fifth day.
In the first month after surgery, the patient has pain in the head, swelling, bleeding, often bursting vessels in the nasal cavity. Perfect recovery comes during two months.
Prevention
Unfortunately, it is impossible to prevent the curvature of the nasal septum. But you can protect yourself by avoiding any damage. To do this, when playing active games or participating in contact sports, wear protective helmets and be extremely careful.
What is a nasal septum?
The nasal septum is a bone-cartilaginous plate that divides the nasal cavity into approximately equal two halves. Have
newborn
the nasal septum is flat and straight. It consists entirely of cartilage tissue, on which there are foci of ossification. With the growth of the child, these foci of bone tissue turn into bones, and grow together into one bone. This process is completed by the age of 10. In an adult, the front of the nasal septum consists of cartilaginous tissue, while the back is a thin bone. Both sides are covered with mucous membranes.
Thanks to the nasal septum, the inhaled air is divided into equal streams. This ensures its linear movement into the respiratory tract and more even warming, moisturizing and cleansing. Any violation of the configuration of this part of the respiratory system leads to a violation of the above functions and predisposes to the development of various allergic and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs, headaches, disorders of the heart, nervous system and other organs.
Causes of the curvature of the nasal septum
Reasons leading to
curvature of the nasal septum are very diverse. Otolaryngologists divide them into:
- physiological;
- compensatory;
- traumatic.
Physiological causes associated with impaired growth of the bones of the skull or congenital anomalies. Among them are:
- uneven growth of the bones of the cerebral and facial part of the skull - active growth of the cerebral part of the skull leads to a decrease in the size of the nasal cavity and bending of the nasal septum;
- uneven growth of foci of bone and cartilaginous tissue of the nasal septum - more active growth of bone tissue leads to deformation of the areas of the nasal septum, consisting of cartilaginous tissue;
- excessive growth of the rudimentary organ of Jacobson, located in the olfactory region of the nose and consisting of an accumulation of nerve tissue - the active growth of this rudiment leads to a restriction of space for the normal development of the nasal septum and its curvature.
Compensatory causes due to the presence in the nasal cavity of various pathological formations:
- hypertrophy of one of the nasal concha - an enlarged turbinate presses on the nasal septum and causes its deformation and displacement;
- tumors and polyps of the nasal mucosa - when they are large, nasal breathing is disturbed, and the nasal septum compensates for this condition and is bent.
Traumatic causes caused by various injuries that contribute to the displacement of the nasal bones and curvature of the nasal septum. The most pronounced deformities are observed with improper fusion of the nasal bones after a fracture.
It is not always possible to identify the initial cause of the curvature of the nasal septum. Most often, this deformity is detected in children 13-18 years old, and extremely rarely make itself felt in early childhood.
Types and types of curvature of the nasal septum Otolaryngologists distinguish three types of curvature of the nasal septum:
- curvature;
- crest.
By the type of deformation, pathological curvature can be:
- S-shaped front-back;
- S-shaped;
- C-shaped;
- curvature in relation to the bony crest of the upper jaw;
- curvature of the bone crest of the upper jaw and nasal septum.
Minor deformities of the nasal septum are not considered by otolaryngologists as a pathology.
Symptoms of the curvature of the nasal septum
The main and most frequent complaint of a patient with a curvature of the nasal septum is a violation of nasal breathing, which can manifest itself in shortness of breath, dryness and nasal congestion, the release of mucous (sometimes mucopurulent) discharge. Most often this
manifests itself on the one hand.
Patients with a deviated nasal septum often have:
- chronic inflammation of the sinuses of the nose (sinusitis);
- increased susceptibility to viral infections of the respiratory tract;
- nosebleeds;
- persistent discomfort in the nose;
- vasomotor rhinitis (due to excessive proliferation of blood vessels);
- pain in the nose and face;
- noisy nose breathing during sleep (especially in children);
- snore;
- swelling of the mucous membrane on the affected side;
- headache;
- fast fatiguability;
- tendency to depression;
- decreased concentration and memory.
In patients with a deviated nasal septum, respiratory infections last longer and are often accompanied by complications, and inflammation of the nasal mucosa leads to even greater deformation of the nasal mucosa. Constantly disturbed breathing through the nose leads to the progression or development of allergic rhinitis, which can subsequently become the cause
bronchial asthma
With curvature of the nasal septum due to trauma (fractures or dislocations of the cartilage), the nose may shift to the left or right and the shape of the nose may change. These signs are the result of improper fusion of the cartilage of the nasal septum.
Curvature of the nasal septum in a child
Curvature of the nasal septum in a child manifests itself as constantly disturbed and difficult nasal breathing, chronic
runny nose
and frequent spontaneous nosebleeds. In some cases, there is an absolute absence of nasal breathing. Children with a deviated nasal septum often breathe through their mouth. In their sleep, they may experience noisy breathing through the nose and even snoring.
In these children, respiratory infections are often complicated by frontal sinusitis or sinusitis, which can become chronic. Deformation of the nasal septum can provoke inflammatory diseases of the auditory tubes (tubo-otitis), adenoiditis and vasomotor rhinitis.
Violation of nasal breathing in a child can lead to aggravation or appearance of allergic rhinitis. At the same time, such children have itching in the nose and a constant discharge of mucus from the nose. With the progression of allergic processes, attacks of bronchial asthma can be observed.
Due to the lack of normal functioning of the respiratory system, the brain of a child with a deviated nasal septum experiences constant oxygen starvation. Lack of oxygen leads to:
- headaches;
- rapid fatigue;
- poor memorization of new information;
- decreased alertness;
- frequent whims.
Consequences of curvature of the nasal septum
Curvature of the nasal septum leads to the development of a host of unpleasant consequences, such as:
- tendency to frequent colds;
- rhinitis (vasomotor, hypertrophic, atrophic, allergic);
- frontal;
- sinusitis;
- sinusitis;
- tubo-otitis;
- otitis media;
- laryngeal spasms;
- bronchial asthma;
- convulsive epileptiform seizures;
- asthenic-vegetative syndrome;
- disorders of the heart, eyes and other organs;
- dysmenorrhea;
- decreased immunity.
Correction of the curvature of the nasal septum is carried out only by surgery.
Septoplasty 
Septoplasty is an operation in which the curvature of a deformed septum is surgically corrected. The main goal of this operation is to improve nasal breathing.
Septoplasty is performed after the completion of the formation of the nasal septum. Most often it is prescribed at the age of 18-21 years, but in some exceptional cases it is performed at an earlier age. This is because before the end of the complete formation of the bony septum, there is a chance that it will correct itself. In addition, the operation at an early age can cause the need for a second operation, since before the end of the final formation of the nasal first year, it can bend again.
Septoplasty can be performed using traditional surgical techniques or using endoscopic minimally invasive techniques. Indications for this operation may be:
- often exacerbated chronic sinusitis;
- chronic swelling of the nasal mucosa;
- frequent colds;
- persistent itching or dryness in the nose;
- frequent headaches or pain in the face area;
- snore.
Surgery is performed under local or general anesthesia. Typically, the operation takes about 1 to 2 hours. The surgeon makes an incision and peels off the mucous membrane. Next, the deformed sections of the cartilage are excised. After that, the mucous membrane returns to its place, absorbable sutures are applied to the mucous membrane or skin, and gauze tampons are inserted into the lumens of the nasal passages, which help to stop bleeding and protect the wound surface from infection. A special plaster cast is applied to the nose. As a rule, after the completion of the operation, no bruising or swelling remains on the face.
In recent years, the most popular is endoscopic septoplasty, which is performed using special equipment and surgical instruments. This minimally invasive operation is performed with minimal damage to soft tissues and cartilage, provides a more aesthetic result and reduces the duration of the recovery period.
As with any surgery, septoplasty has a number of contraindications:
- blood clotting disorders;
- diabetes;
- infectious diseases;
- oncological diseases;
- severe diseases of internal organs.
Septoplasty, like any other surgery, can be complicated by infection or bleeding. Specific and rarer complications of this operation include the formation of fibrin clots in the nasal cavity and perforation of the nasal septum.
Laser treatment
Treatment of a deviated nasal septum with a laser (laser septoplasty), despite the presence of some restrictions on the use of this technique, has proven itself in otolaryngological practice. This promising technique is based on the properties of a laser to evaporate deformed areas of cartilaginous tissue.
Laser septoplasty can be performed only in cases when only its cartilaginous part has undergone deformation and the cartilage has not been broken. To perform this operation, special equipment is used that allows the surgeon to control the depth of penetration of the laser beam into the tissue.
The operation takes place almost bloodlessly, since the laser, cutting the tissue, almost immediately "seals" the damaged blood vessels. Areas of cartilage tissue that need to be removed are warmed up to a certain temperature. After the completion of the operation, the nasal septum is fixed in the required position using gauze tampons and a plaster cast.
Benefits of laser treatment for nasal septum deviations:
- bloodlessness;
- minimal trauma to soft tissues and cartilage;
- antiseptic effect on the soft tissues of the nose;
- stimulation of the patient's immune system;
- extremely rare postoperative complications;
- reduction of the rehabilitation period.
Laser septoplasty is performed under local anesthesia and lasts about 15 minutes. This operation can be performed in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
Contraindications for laser treatment are:
- pregnancy;
- history of convulsions;
- oncological diseases;
- increased body temperature;
- infectious diseases;
- some endocrinological diseases.
Rehabilitation after surgery After septoplasty, the patient has to breathe through the mouth, since the nasal cavity is tamponed with gauze tampons to fix the nasal septum in its normal position. During this period, it is necessary to exclude various differences in ambient temperature. Immediately after the operation, the patient is prescribed a course of antibiotic therapy, which is aimed at preventing infectious complications. Various pain relievers are prescribed to relieve pain.
The tampons are removed after a few days, and most patients can be discharged from the hospital within 7-10 days after the operation. Although the tampons are removed from the nasal cavity, the patient may have difficulty breathing through the nose. This is due to the fact that the swelling of the mucous membrane persists for a long period of time.
Recovery after endoscopic or laser septoplasty takes place in a shorter time. The swelling disappears earlier than after traditional surgery, and the healing of soft tissues is much faster.
After any type of septoplasty, you can return to your usual lifestyle after 2 weeks. It is recommended to avoid heavy physical exertion and sudden temperature changes for one month.
Operation price
The cost of septoplasty depends on many indicators:
- the degree of curvature of the nasal septum;
- type of operation;
- type of pain relief (local or general anesthesia);
- the volume of rehabilitation measures.
For example, the correction of a minor congenital deformity will cost about 30-50 thousand rubles, and the restoration of the nasal septum after an injury can cost 2-3 times more.
The final cost of septoplasty must be checked with the surgeon after all diagnostic measures have been carried out.
Curvature of the nasal septum is a common and even more often underestimated pathology that affects the cartilage and bones of the face and can lead to a significant deterioration in the quality of life.
Experts recommend correcting the nasal septum at an early age in order to reduce the load on the body and prevent the development of complications due to disruption of the respiratory system. The situation is complicated by the fact that the deformity can be of a different nature, affect different passages of the nose and, accordingly, require an individual approach to the patient from the otolaryngologist.
Why you shouldn't underestimate nasal septum abnormalities
The curvature of the nasal septum leads not only to a narrowing of the external airways on one or both sides, but also changes the direction of movement and creates additional turbulence of air flows. The curvature causes the appearance of places with reduced pressure, which leads to periodic collapse of the lumen.
Due to the discomfort that occurs with excessive cooling and pressure changes, sensitive nerve cells in the nose send signals to the brain and spinal cord. As a result, the brain centers affect the tone of the vessels of the nose, which can turn into a rhinitis-like condition called vasomotor rhinitis. In this case, the displacement disrupts such important functions of the nasal cavity as:
- Heating of passing air.
- Increased humidity of air streams.
- Smelling sensation.
- Protection against mechanical irritants: dust, particles of combustion fuel, pollen, etc.
- Counteraction to infectious agents.
- Regulation of pressure in the ear canal and middle ear chamber.
The curved septum of the nose brings changes in blood circulation in the adjacent area, which can lead to a malnutrition of the mucous membrane or due to the body's attempt to compensate for the pathological process - its hypertrophy. In the latter case, there is an increase in the nasal concha and a change in the shape of the ethmoid bone.
Therefore, in patients with a curved part of the septum only to the right or to the left, breathing disorders can be observed on both sides. If the changes lead to mucosal dystrophy, then along with it, the cilia of the nose, which are normally responsible for retaining and facilitating the removal of mechanical particles that enter the lumen of the nostrils, degrade.
When the partition is curved, the pattern of air movement is disrupted. Normally, when inhaling, it does not follow the shortest path, but first rises, and then descends along an arc to the choana, mixing with the remnants of the heated masses. Exhalation follows a path close to a straight line - along the lower nasal passage.
Therefore, touching at least one of the levels leads to the disruption of the entire system. Together with the redirection of flows and a decrease in the quality of warming, the risk of developing infectious diseases in the nasopharynx increases: tonsillitis, rhinitis, frontal sinusitis, sinusitis and other unpleasant diseases that can give complications in the form of otitis media or meningitis.
In most cases, a young body is able to compensate for breathing disorders, however, with age and a gradual deterioration in the effectiveness of the immune, cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory systems, pathology will increasingly remind of itself with discomfort.
An additional aggravating factor in displacement can be a pathological reaction of the nervous system, which gradually turns into neuroses. At risk are people who have formed "ridges" deeply cut into the shells of the nose.
On the part of the autonomic nervous system and distant organs, this can result in spastic syndromes of the larynx, sleep disturbance, an increase in the likelihood of developing bronchial asthma and epileptic foci. In addition to physiological disorders, the curved nasal septum leads to purely aesthetic unpleasant sensations, since it violates the symmetry of the face and can make the nose visually wider.
Structural features
The septum is a plate of a complex structure dividing the nasal cavity into 2 approximately equal parts. It has a bony structure at its base (vomer and vertical plate of the ethmoid bone) that continues forward in the form of cartilage.
It is lined with a mucous membrane, which contains blood vessels, mucus-secreting glands and sensitive nerve cells. Curvature of the nasal septum in children can be in the form of spines and ridges. At the same time, minor deviations that are present in everyone and do not interfere with breathing are not perceived by otolaryngologists as pathology.
Types of deformation
The structure can be deformed in several ways, acquiring:
- C-shaped curvature.
- S-like anterior-posterior or affecting only one section.
- Reshaping along with the ridge of the upper jaw.
If bones and cartilage do not fuse properly after traumatization, "ridges" are often formed that go into the depths. Their typical direction is from front to back or from bottom to top, often obliquely. In the anterior parts of the plate, relief disturbances are found at the bottom of the nose. These structures may end in a spike that cuts into the wall of the pathways and blocks breathing. In this case, the mucous layer on the convex side is thinner and easily prone to tearing.
What is the disease associated with
The causes of the curvature of the nasal septum can be divided into 3 main directions:
Directions
Comments (1)
Physiological
- Associated with the uneven increase in the facial and cerebral parts of the skeleton of the head (they consist of many elements that increase in size during growing up, acquire a denser structure, and some grow together into a single solid structure). In this case, individual elements can grow at different rates, which leads to bending of the cartilage.
- Due to the uneven activity of growth points. Since the bone, like the skull, does not grow as a whole, then with an increase or slowdown in the growth rate at one of the points (for genetic and infectious reasons or due to a lack of calcium, phosphorus and vitamins in the diet), a significant curvature of the nose can occur.
- In rare cases, deformity begins due to excessive proliferation of the Jacobson's organ (vomeronasal), which is not expressed in 75% of people (usually leads to deformation of the anterior-lower part of the plate).
Trauma-related These causes include fractures and displacements of the bones on or adjacent to the cartilage. Even a small blow or hit of tightly cobbled snow can displace bones in children under 12 years old, therefore, the curvature of the nasal septum in a male child is a more frequent occurrence (in the CIS, it occurs in boys 3 times more often). The most serious consequences are the improper fusion of the bones after an invisible fracture from the outside. Compensatory
- Due to excessive enlargement of 1 of the turbinates, which presses on the plate and causes it to shift.
- Due to chronic congestion of one of the nostrils due to pressure differences.
- In response to the formation and expansion of polyps in the nose, benign and malignant tumors.
Congenital curvature is less common and can sometimes be confused with that acquired during childbirth.
Symptoms of pathology
An accurate diagnosis of curvature of the nasal septum can only be made by a qualified otolaryngologist after examining the nasopharynx, however, due to a violation of the breathing pattern and the main functions of the nose, it manifests itself in several forms:
- Difficulty breathing. The intensity of the symptom depends on the angle of curvature and the degree of closure of the upper, lower, or middle airway. It is most noticeably expressed with periodic collapse of one half of the nose. In young people, due to the good adaptability of the body, this manifestation can be very weakly expressed and not noticed by the patient himself. However, with inflammation of the mucous membrane, drying of snot, trauma, acute respiratory viral infections and with serious physical exertion, it makes itself felt even in hardy patients.
- An increase in the rate of drying of mucous secretions.
- Increased frequency of colds and sinusitis.
- Decreased concentration of attention due to constant irritation in the nose and a decrease in oxygen supply.
- Swelling of the mucous membrane.
- Noisy, hasty breathing.
- In case of a violation affecting the lacrimal canal, there may be difficulty in draining fluid and an increase in the frequency of inflammation in the lacrimal sac.
- In connection with the deterioration of the supply of oxygen to the brain and skeletal muscles, efficiency deteriorates and accelerated fatigue appears.
- Due to the location of parts of the cartilage or individual elements at an angle to each other, the external vessels are in a vulnerable position when scratching, hitting or intense blowing out along with the drying of mucus. In this case, patients suffer from the occurrence of non-intense, but frequent bleeding. If at the same time there is a tendency to vascular sclerotization, then the prognosis worsens significantly.
- Due to the redirection of air currents and stimulation of the receptors of the mucous membranes, sleepers often snore.
Features of manifestation in childhood
Curvature of the nasal septum in children is especially dangerous in the first years of life, since, due to a decrease in the concentration of air in the blood, it can lead to a slowdown in brain growth and, accordingly, to a delay in mental development. During the period of upbringing in kindergarten and at school, it will contribute to attention deficit disorder and academic delays due to constant visits to a therapist due to frequent colds.
At the same time, the likelihood of the transition of diseases to a chronic form and the manifestation of asthma in those who are prone to it from birth increases. In addition, it will be more difficult for a child to keep up with peers in physical education and labor lessons, during choreographic preparation for the holidays, during excursions or after signing up for sports clubs. Therefore, it is recommended to correct the crooked nose in a timely manner.
Treatment options and their features
When diagnosed with a curvature of the nasal septum, the reasons can play a significant role in choosing an effective tactics for treating pathology. If the shifts were facilitated by polyps or a tumor led to them, then first of all it is important to determine their genesis, and then remove them surgically.
If, at the same time, an increase in temperature is found in the patient, it is recommended to first eliminate the prerequisites of the inflammatory process and kill infectious agents in order to prevent their spread during surgery.
Its main goal should be to facilitate breathing, but in addition, the aesthetic side can be improved through plastic surgery.
The nasal septum, the curvature of which is complemented by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, requires preliminary examination with the help of X-ray equipment. In simple cases, a rhinoscopic examination is usually sufficient for the doctor. In the presence of clinical symptoms, surgery is a conservative treatment.
Septoplasty can correct the vertical plate and give it a vertical even shape. Indications for its implementation can be considered:
- Frequent sinusitis.
- Chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes.
- Increased incidence of ARVI.
- Frequent headaches.
- Violent snoring.
Depending on the location of the bend, it can pass under local (if the damage is in the anterior section of the cartilage) or general anesthesia. It is prohibited or highly discouraged to carry it out when:
- Hemophilia and other disorders of the blood coagulation systems.
- Any type of diabetes.
- Oncology.
- Acute course of an infectious disease.
- Multiple organ failure.
Standard septoplasty consists of an arcuate incision of the mucous membrane, access to and excision of the curved region of the 4-angled cartilage, and in the event of a bone development disorder, removal of part of it. However, this approach is considered outdated and most clinics carry out endoscopic procedures to reduce the degree of intervention.
In this case, not a chisel is used, but a special endoscope with instruments for microsurgery. After a day of observation in the hospital, the cured patient can go home and come to the hospital only for dressing and control over the restoration of health.
If, due to the pathological process, chronic vasomotor rhinitis has developed and / or the vessels have grown excessively, then the choroid is additionally excised.
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