What causes the child to faint. Features of the course of fainting in childhood

Date: 16.04.2019

Man lives for the sake of continuing life. On a subconscious level, everyone seeks to leave behind heirs. And let the “childfree” movement gain momentum, one day there comes a moment when a woman or a man happily picks up the most important treasure - a child. Since then, their lives have completely changed: own desires fade into the background - the little king or princess occupies everything free time and thoughts, getting only the best. Ideally, children should be joyful, clean, well-fed and, of course, healthy. They constantly “please” their parents with something, and knocked down knees are only the tip of the iceberg of children's troubles. The health of babies is the main task for loving parents. Any runny nose causes panic in mom, and more serious illness should be identified long before their development. And if the child is ill, he fainted, the reasons for this are simple fatigue or a serious pathology? Is it worth it to deal with this situation in more detail and immediately turn to doctors or fainting in children is a common occurrence, a kind of stage in the growing up of a little man? Fainting, repeated more than once, should alert attentive parents, because this is a possible signal from the body about health problems.

Before looking at the reasons incomprehensible phenomenon, it is worth knowing that fainting is a loss of consciousness for a short period of time. Most people who have had syncope (the scientific name for this phenomenon) do not experience serious illnesses. Before fainting, tinnitus, severe weakness, darkness in the eyes, "flying flies" appear. Adults endure this phenomenon more severely.

In adolescents, syncope often occurs during puberty, and fainting in adolescents is associated with excessive physical activity, often inherent in representatives of puberty. The causes of fainting in children are conditionally divided into external and internal. TO external factors include:

Fatigue, overwork. The human brain is like a computer: due to strong overloads, it turns off. The baby's brain is just beginning to develop, and the wrong daily routine, an abundance of information, and physical activity do not give the main organ the opportunity to fully relax. The result is fainting, because this is a kind of protection of the brain from the abundance of information that a small organism is unable to process.
Heatwave. Even adults faint from high temperatures in summer, and children are much more sensitive to the vagaries of nature.
Lack of oxygen. Many feel panic, suffocation attacks in dark small rooms, and the growing body of a child needs a lot of oxygen, fresh, clean air. Its lack leads to oxygen starvation - the brain "turns off".
An excess of emotions. It turns out that joy, especially excessive, can provoke a loss of consciousness. In addition to "happiness attacks", syncope can be caused by feeling strong fear or hate. Young ladies in adolescence are especially prone to emotions.
Hunger. If the brain does not receive nutrients, its activity drops sharply, fatigue sets in. If such a phenomenon occurs constantly, then the most important organ simply refuses to work, because all the nutrients come to the baby with food. Therefore, parents whose child is malnourished simply need to be prepared for syncope.
Bad dream. During sleep, the whole body of the baby rests, the brain is no exception to the rule. In order for an important organ to work correctly and normally, a complete, healthy sleep. Wrong mode, uncomfortable bed, negative emotions, fears make the child's sleep intermittent and restless. The result is an irritable, unbalanced baby. If this situation is repeated quite often, the brain itself turns off for a kind of reboot.

Parents should consider all the factors that cause a child to faint. Isolated cases speak of an unstable emotional background, negative impact. The baby experiences discomfort, and the brain, turning off, thus protects him.

Internal causes of syncope

If the child fainted once, this is an occasion to reconsider the external environment and the baby's daily routine. Frequent loss of consciousness indicates the presence of hidden diseases and refers to the internal causes of fainting. Such cases cannot be ignored: these are evidence of the development of pathologies. Parents need to know the following causes of frequent fainting:

Brain diseases. Tumors, cysts, vascular damage provoke wrong work this organ, causing a kind of "shutdown". If the child complains about headache, blackout in the eyes, sees non-existent objects (hallucinations), then you should immediately show the child to specialists, undergo computer diagnostics.
Anemia. The disease of the circulatory system is directly related to the work of the brain: a small number of red blood cells - the main carriers of oxygen - leads to oxygen starvation and frequent loss of consciousness. Falling hemoglobin is a clear sign of the onset of the disease. You should revise the menu and diversify it with vitamins, fresh vegetables, fruits.
Fainting in children is a possible violation of the heart, the development of arrhythmia. According to statistics, 30% of syncope is associated with heart disease, in addition, the syndrome of "sudden death" is preceded by frequent fainting. If the child's relatives are prone to heart disease, this alarm signal- the baby should be immediately shown to a specialist.
Hypertension. No matter how scary it is to admit, this ailment is able to attack a child even at a tender age. The fall blood pressure can also cause loss of consciousness.
Diabetes. This disease very tricky: for a long time she may not reveal herself. The disease itself does not cause fainting, but low glucose levels in the body provoke them. There is a starvation of brain cells - the result is a loss of consciousness.
Head bruises, concussions. Children are hyperactive creatures, getting injured for them is a matter of a few moments. Tears follow, and after a few minutes they are ready to conquer the world further. Only the consequences can affect for a very long time.
Osteochondrosis cervical. Correct posture is the key to a beautiful back, correct operation internal organs, but it is very difficult for babies to prove this. Wrong sitting at a desk, table, excess weight lead to spinal changes. At the same time, blood circulation is disturbed, oxygen starvation, pain occurs. All of these are causes of fainting.

Relatives of the baby should carefully monitor its development: any little thing, a complaint can hide the first threatening symptoms. Every kid is capable of falling, losing consciousness: no one is safe from this. The correct actions of parents, their attention to the state of health can save the life of the baby in the future.

First aid

Fainting in a child should not cause a feeling of helplessness in parents. Of course, their first normal reaction is fear, but adults simply must pull themselves together, stop panicking, and must be able to provide first aid. A falling child can be injured, because fainting occurs suddenly, the environment is also different. In a word, the relatives of the crumbs need to be able to cope with panic in time, help the baby, and provide first aid. If a stalemate arises, it is important to act quickly, guided by simple rules:

lay the child on a hard surface, remove pillows, rollers from under the head. The body should lie horizontally, but under the legs it is necessary to put some object, raising them slightly. Thus, blood will flow faster to the head, delivering the necessary oxygen to the brain;
release the body from the binding clothes, unbutton the collars, cuffs, buttons. Open windows, vents: a flow of fresh air is needed. Unnecessary, overly curious, sympathetic people should be removed from the child: there will be little help from them, but they “block” the necessary fresh air;
ammonia is a necessary thing in any first aid kit. The baby can bring a moistened cotton swab to the nose, lubricate the temporal areas. Bad smell drug should quickly bring the fallen into consciousness, then cold water you can wipe your face, wrists, neck;
usually children are limited in sweets, but passing out is a completely different case: a tired brain requires glucose. A glass of sweet juice, tea, cocoa helps to quickly drive away delusion;
after syncope, do not immediately raise the victim to his feet: rest is necessary for at least 15 minutes.

If, while falling, the baby injured his arms or legs, you should wash these areas with cool water, stop the bleeding, treat the wounds with hydrogen peroxide or iodine, and apply bandages. For bruises of the head, it is necessary to apply a cold compress, gently feel the hematoma, and then be sure to tell the doctor everything.

If such cases are repeated, it is necessary to go comprehensive examination. Therapist, cardiologist, immunologist, neurologist - these are the doctors who can identify true reason syncope, will have timely help, treatment. Isolated cases of loss of consciousness are an occasion for parents to carefully review the daily regimen, the diet of the baby. Fainting can happen to anyone, but you should not ignore such things, because sometimes something more serious is hidden behind the little things.

Fainting (syncope) is a short-term loss of consciousness caused by a sharp deterioration in cerebral circulation. The lack of oxygen, as a result of a decrease in blood supply, causes either dizziness or loss of consciousness. The reason for the deterioration of blood supply can be heart disease (as a pump that pumps blood), as well as other problems of the body that are not directly related to the work of the heart. This should be treated immediately and you should not run it in any case!

The state before fainting, the so-called pre-fainting state, is characterized by:

sudden dizziness
blurred mind
sudden nausea
strong ringing in the ears
flickering luminous stars in the eyes
loss of stability in the legs
profuse sweating

The victim begins to gasp for air, his limbs may go numb, the skin becomes gray.

Causes

The causes of fainting, as a result of a deterioration in cerebral circulation, may be the following:

neurogenic syncope (50% of all syncope) - as a result of changes in the work of the autonomic nervous system
cardiogenic syncope (25% of all syncope) - disease or pathology of the heart
fainting as a result of vascular disorders (atherosclerosis, strokes of various nature)
fainting due to jump intracranial pressure(tumors, hydrocephalus, hemorrhages)
fainting due to heavy bleeding
syncope caused by a sharp deterioration in the composition of the blood, as a result of anemia, hypoglycemia, renal and hepatic insufficiency
fainting as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning, alcohol
fainting due to mental disorders
fainting with epilepsy, craniocerebral trauma, due to infections.

Kinds

Neurogenic, cardiogenic, hyperventilatory syncope, as the most common cases of syncope:

neurogenic syncope(50% of all syncope that occurs):

Vasodepressor (vasovagal) syncope is the most common variant of syncope in people in adolescence and adolescence. Occurs with emotional factors, such as the type of blood, stress, fear, pain. When consciousness is restored, the victims develop general weakness, nausea, and discomfort.
Orthostatic syncope is a consequence of a violation of reflexes, due to damage to the trunk spinal cord and in polyneuropathies. It is provoked by taking antihypertensive drugs, some types of antidepressants, levodopa products.
Syncope with hyperresponsiveness of the carotid sinus is a consequence of the disease arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis carotid arteries in older men, provoked by a sharp turn of the head or a tightening collar.
Fainting due to increased intrathoracic pressure and decreased venous return, provoked by coughing and straining during defecation.

Cardiogenic

These fainting spells are caused by heart disease. Cardiogenic syncope accounts for 25% of all syncope and is always very dangerous. In the elderly, these fainting spells are associated with an abnormal heart rhythm and are characterized by a loss of consciousness so rapid that the victim may be injured. Cardiogenic syncope differs from other syncope in that it is possible in patients who are in a horizontal state. Heart defects, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cause cardiogenic syncope.

Hyperventilating

The development of these syncope occurs as a result of increased breathing, and as a result, there is a decrease in carbon dioxide pressure and a spasm of cerebral vessels. Hyperventilatory syncope is a manifestation of nervous respiratory syndrome. Fainting develops gradually, a feeling of lack of air is accompanied by increased breathing and a feeling of fear. Loss of consciousness is incomplete, often fainting develops in a patient who is in a supine position.

Suspected diseases

List of diseases that cause fainting:

aortic stenosis
Dehydration
Diabetes mellitus type I and II
Low blood pressure (hypotension)
Migraine
Pulmonary hypertension
Parkinson's disease

Main reasons

serious malfunctions of the autonomic nervous system
cardiac pathologies
a sharp increase in intracranial pressure in tumors, hydrocephalus, hemorrhage
poisoning (carbon monoxide, alcohol, etc.)
psychiatric disorders (hysterical neurosis, hyperventilation syndrome, epilepsy)
traumatic brain injury

The main causes of fainting, not related to heart disease.

There are a lot of reasons for fainting, and it is extremely difficult to establish the true cause. Naturally, fainting is a consequence of changes in the circulatory system, the immediate adaptation of the body to which is impossible:

low blood pressure is the main cause of fainting
oxygen starvation, which has developed as a result of a decrease in the amount of blood in the brain, since the heart cannot immediately increase the release of blood into circulatory system due to low blood pressure
dehydration of the body as a result of bleeding or lack of fluid in the body
in elderly victims - developing microstrokes
sudden pain or stress (shot, fear of the sight of blood)
long-term presence in a stuffy room, too bright lighting, sunstroke, stomach problems, starvation diet, sharp rise
in the following situations: when taking blood tests, when urinating, defecation, coughing or swallowing
at side effect from taking blood pressure medications.

Causes of fainting associated with heart disease

abnormal heart rhythm (heartbeat or very fast or too slow)
heart valve abnormalities (pulmonary valve stenosis, aortic stenosis)
pulmonary hypertension (abnormal high pressure blood in an artery that supplies blood to the lungs)
aortic dissection
cardiomyopathy (diseases of the heart muscle).

Stress, fatigue, hunger are the cause of vasovagal syncope in children and adolescents, they account for up to 50% of all syncope. Fainting states of this type occur in healthy people and may be repeated periodically.

Provoking factors in vasovaganal syncope:

excitement (complemented by strong stuffiness in the room with a large crowd of people)
fear (before or during a dentist appointment)
extreme fatigue (due to bad sleep, large mental loads)
injury
sudden or severe persistent pain
for no obvious reason.

Pallor, profuse sweating, nausea, bradycardia, arterial hypotension accompany almost every vasovagal syncope.

What everyone should know about fainting.

Sudden worsening of the state, accompanied by loss of consciousness, should not cause hysteria among others. Everyone should be aware that this condition passes quickly, and, if possible, prevent injuries to the victim and his abrupt rise, this can provoke a secondary syncope.

During fainting, it is almost impossible to determine the pulse rate. Heartbeat either slows down or accelerates, depending on the type of syncope. Muscle tone is reduced, reflex activity may disappear completely. The pupils are almost completely dilated, there is practically no reaction to light.

The fainting state passes quickly, after two maximum five seconds the person comes to his senses. In cases where syncope lasts more than five minutes, convulsions and urination may occur - these syncope are the result of epilepsy or similar diseases.

Loss of consciousness, according to statistics, occurs in a third of humanity when certain conditions. And only a small percentage of fainting indicates serious illnesses life threatening.

Loss of consciousness (fainting) is possible manifestation many diseases: vegetative dystonia, atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, pathological changes in the brain, diseases of the endocrine system.

In case of frequent sudden fainting, you should contact an ambulance doctor, a cardiologist, a gastroenterologist, a neuropathologist. Only a certified specialist can make the correct diagnosis, provide timely assistance and prescribe treatment.

If your child has lost consciousness, you must immediately provide him with the necessary medical attention, because the consequences in this situation can be very serious. In most cases, loss of consciousness is associated with traumatic brain injury. As a rule, consciousness returns to the child after a few seconds. In any case, however, the child must be shown to the doctor.

In what cases can a traumatic brain injury pose a serious threat to the health of a child? If blood or clear fluid leaks from your child's nose or ears, contact your doctor immediately. Also pay attention to the following symptoms.

The child complains of headache, dizziness.
He is overly excited, his speech is incoherent, it lacks logic; child's behavior is inappropriate.
The child developed shortness of breath, interruptions in breathing.
The child started having seizures.
The child's eyesight deteriorated, he began to see worse.
The child has impaired coordination of movements, it is difficult for him to walk.
The child is pale, covered with a cold sweat.
The child is vomiting (sometimes in such situations, vomiting may begin several hours after the accident).

In all these cases, contact your pediatrician immediately.

If the child has drowsiness, let him go to bed. On the first night after an accident, the child should be awakened every two hours - you must make sure that he has fully recovered and responds adequately to external stimuli. Observe the child's condition: if he has shortness of breath, if the color of the skin has changed, if the pupil is enlarged, if vomiting has begun. If you are unable to wake your child or if they have any of these symptoms, call 911 immediately.

Call an ambulance immediately if the child has received a really serious head injury. Do not move the child, as any movement can only aggravate the situation. If your child is bleeding heavily, pinch the blood vessels with gauze, a clean handkerchief, or a towel. Before the arrival of doctors, control the breathing and pulse of the baby.

fainting

A short-term loss of consciousness usually does not pose a serious threat to health, but the child in this situation must be shown to the attending physician. A few seconds before fainting, the child usually feels dizzy and nauseous, his body sags, he falls. In most cases, the cause of fainting is oxygen starvation: brain cells do not receive enough oxygen. Psychological stress, fear, mental and physical strain - all these factors contribute to the development of oxygen starvation. The cause of fainting can be pungent odors, dry hot weather, pain, hunger.

As a rule, fainting spells last no more than one minute. After that, blood circulation is restored, and the child comes to his senses. If your child faints, slightly raise his legs - in this position, blood flow to the brain increases.

In some cases, the child may need urgent health care. If the fainting attack lasts more than two minutes, immediately call 03. Difficulty breathing, convulsions, weak pulse - with these symptoms, immediately call the ambulance team.

convulsions

Seizures are uncontrolled muscle contractions caused by impaired brain function. In especially severe cases, the whole body of the patient shudders in violent convulsions. An attack of convulsions usually begins suddenly and ends just as suddenly.

In such a situation, emergency medical attention is usually not required, but the child must be seen by a doctor. The doctor will examine the baby and prescribe the appropriate course of treatment. If your child has a seizure, your main task is to make sure that the child does not injure himself during the seizure. Turn the child on its side, elevate its legs (hips should be above the head) or give the child a semi-sitting position (vomit should not enter the trachea).

If the convulsions continue for more than two or three minutes, if the seizures of convulsions follow continuously one after the other, immediately call 03. In such a situation, in no case leave the child unattended. (See page 643 for more information about this condition.)

Loss of consciousness (or fainting) in both babies and adults is associated with impaired blood circulation in the brain. This situation is quite dangerous and requires urgent medical attention.

Symptoms of loss of consciousness: the baby’s connection with the outside world is lost, he does not respond to the words and actions of the people around him, the body completely relaxes, cold sweating is observed, severe pallor, eyes are slightly open or closed, the pupils are dilated, breathing is shallow, intermittent .

There can be a great many reasons leading to loss of consciousness, but their essence is the same - blood enriched with oxygen and nutrients (primarily glucose) does not enter the brain in the proper amount.

First aid for loss of consciousness:

don't lose your composure. Your fears and emotions will not help the baby. Pull yourself together and start acting quickly. If there is someone else in the house, then call an ambulance;
check if your baby is breathing. To do this, quickly unfasten all breath-holding clothing and see if his chest moves as he inhales and exhales. You can put your ear to the baby's nose and listen for a few seconds to see if there is a sound from the inhaled and exhaled air. On the cheek, you can feel the puff of air when you breathe. movements chest and air can be felt with your hand.

If the baby is breathing, then:

lay him on his back and lift his legs slightly. This cannot be done if from the nose there is blood or there is a suspicion that the baby has received a head injury;
turn the baby's head to one side so that he does not suffocate if he starts vomiting;
wipe the forehead, face and neck of the baby with cold water;
provide access to fresh air;
if the baby has not regained consciousness, bring a cotton swab with sewn alcohol to his nose, but not closer than 5-10 cm, since alcohol vapors can burn him respiratory tract.

As a rule, fainting does not last more than a few minutes. After the arrival of the doctor, try to describe in as much detail as possible everything that happened to the child.

Respiratory arrest

It is very dangerous when the baby loses consciousness due to lack of oxygen. There can be many situations that lead to respiratory arrest, but they all come down to two.

The first is mechanical occlusion of the airways. This can happen when food or objects get into the windpipe, suffocation, drowning, spasms, swelling or injury of the airways, sinking of the root of the tongue during loss of consciousness and blocking the airways, etc.

The second is cardiac arrest and suppression of the activity of the respiratory center. which is located at the base of the brain.

There are many reasons for this, such as head trauma, electric shock, illness, etc.

“We all walk under God,” and the likelihood that your most beloved baby will lose consciousness or that you accidentally find yourself nearby when a child you don’t know is in trouble always exists.

If the baby is unconscious:

First of all, check if he is breathing. This takes no more than 10 seconds! If during this time you have not recorded signs of breathing, then consider that the child is not breathing!
do not waste time to move the child to a comfortable place, cover him, free him from clothes, etc.
ask someone to urgently call an ambulance!
check if there are any objects in the baby's mouth that prevent him from breathing;
immediately start artificial respiration!

When breathing stops, the brain stops receiving oxygenated blood. Without oxygen, brain cells (neurons) can live for only a few minutes. After 4-8 minutes, they will begin to die, leading to brain damage and death. Therefore, to artificial respiration must start as soon as possible. There are a huge number of examples when a person's life was saved thanks to artificial respiration started on time and correctly carried out.

Sudden loss of consciousness is considered a serious symptom. At this time, the cerebral cortex is not able to perform the basic functions of the higher nervous activity. Fainting in a child may be associated with severe emotional experiences, as well as due to insufficient sleep, rest, nutrition. In some cases, this confirms the pathology of the central nervous system or internal organs. The causes of fainting in children and first aid are described in the article.

Symptoms

Fainting is considered defensive reaction organism, which protects the brain structures, temporarily putting them out of work. He doesn't just show up. Always is

The symptoms of fainting in a child are as follows:

There is severe dizziness.
The clarity of mind is lost.
Ringing is heard in the ears.
"Flies" and "stars" flash before the eyes.
Legs lose their balance.
There is intense sweating.

Fainting and disorders of metabolic processes in the brain are considered related. Often this condition occurs in schoolchildren. This is due to the fact that the pubertal period is still imperfect, when vascular tone is regulated.

About the clinical picture

The depth and duration of fainting in a child can be different. Usually it is from several minutes to half an hour. In this condition, the appearance is likely:

Pale skin.
cold sticky sweat.
Superficial nature of breathing. Excursion movements of the chest are almost imperceptible.
Weak pulse.
Decreased peripheral arterial pressure.
Slowness of the pulse, which can be replaced by tachycardia.

This is how fainting occurs in a child 10 years old and younger. There are usually several symptoms. V horizontal position fainting in a child passes faster. The reason for this is the redistribution of blood and intensive flow to the brain. Often the condition recovers on its own, even if medical attention is not provided.

Types of fainting

In 1995, E. N. Ostapenko was classified. In this regard, fainting in children are of the following types:

Vasodepressor. This type is seen frequently. It comes from a stressful situation, often the condition appears when medical manipulations, for example, injections.
Orthostatic type of hypotension. This type is functional, appears with a lack of movement in the daily cycle of the child. But it can be associated with organic matter, the background for which may be diabetes, amyloidosis, neoplasms of the central nervous system. The reason for the appearance of such conditions is associated with the insufficiency that vasopressor mechanisms have.
Fainting by reflex type. It occurs as a response to procedures performed on reflexogenic zones. This applies to the throat, larynx, carotid sinus. Fainting in a child appears with irritation vagus nerve.
Fainting, which is associated with a specific situation. It occurs when coughing, intense strain during defecation, strong efforts to urinate. It is also obtained when a heavy object is suddenly lifted. This is due to the fact that the pressure in the chest increases, and this complicates the outflow of blood from the brain.
Syncope associated with hyperventilation syndrome. This condition appears during hysterical seizures. This condition leads to a state of hypocapnia, a spasm of cerebral vessels.

External causes

Why does the child faint? This state has external causes. This condition may be related to:

Fluctuations in air temperature. Work brain structures involves the allocation of energy potential. It is important that the energy component does not accumulate, but dissipates in space. With its increase, heat transfer decreases. There is no energy dissipation. At this time, the brain "overheats", and then compensatory and defense mechanisms. The brain shuts down for a while. new energy is not formed, and the accumulated dissipates. When the balance is balanced, the brain starts working again.
Decrease in the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere. The activity of the brain occurs with a sufficient supply of oxygen. Under anaerobic conditions, it cannot work. The delivery of oxygen is carried out by the blood. Therefore, brain structures have their own circle of blood circulation. In the lungs, blood is saturated with oxygen, and it enters the brain. With oxygen deficiency, there will be less blood saturation. Neurocytes are considered sensitive to hypoxia and are not able to function normally in these conditions. This phenomenon occurs, for example, while climbing uphill.
High amount of carbon monoxide in exhaled air. This condition occurs when there is enough oxygen in the outside air. Carbon monoxide has a pronounced tropism for hemoglobin, so carboxyhemoglobin appears. A sufficient amount of oxygen does not yet indicate saturation of the blood with it. This is due to the fact that it cannot bind to the heme of the blood, since carbon dioxide is present instead. It appears during carbon monoxide poisoning.
Nutrient deficiency. The child's menu should be rational and balanced. Children should not be allowed to starve for a long time. The diet can only be followed when prescribed by a doctor. The cellular structures of the brain only lack oxygen. They require nutrients. Glucose is important as it is considered a source of energy. In the body without it, not a single process is performed. The body deposits it in different organs. At the right time, extraction and delivery to the right place takes place. Therefore nutrition is important.
Emotional outburst. The cause of fainting in children is emotions. Often this is expressed in adolescents, especially girls. It's connected with hormonal changes, which are observed during the restructuring of the body.
Fatigue. To prevent this, it is required proper organization mode. Sleep is important because it is during this time that the brain rests. Physiologically, sleep is recognized as saving the brain from overload.

Internal causes

If the child fainted, there are also internal reasons:

Anemia. This condition appears with low hemoglobin in the blood. This protein is responsible for transporting oxygen to organs and tissues. With a decrease in hemoglobin, oxygen to the brain cells will come in small quantities. Neuronocytes will have oxygen starvation, which affects their work.
Neoplasms of the brain. Tumors of the brain tissue lead to disruption of the brain. In this case, there will be no normal transmission of nerve impulses. They will not go to the organs and return. This leads to "overload" of the brain.
Cardiac pathology. Disorders in the heart muscle lead to failures in the delivery of blood to the brain. So he gets less oxygen.
Conditions with vegetative dysfunction. The autonomic system is responsible for the activity of organs. If there is no pathology, these systems have a state of equilibrium. But during puberty, adolescents experience a hormonal surge, in which hormones are released into the blood into more. The vessels of the brain also suffer.
Diabetes. The disease itself does not lead to fainting. But if insulin is used incorrectly, a sharp decrease in sugar is likely, so the child faints. In severe cases, coma is likely.

Other internal causes

There may also be fainting the following reasons:

Spasms of cerebral vessels. They are functional and organic, as well as congenital and acquired.
Osteochondrosis in the cervical spine. With such suffering, the gait is straight. In a vertical view, the spine has strong loads, due to which there are observed in the cartilage tissue destructive changes. When cartilage thins, a hernia appears, squeezing blood vessels, disrupting blood flow. As a result, little blood enters the cells, including the brain, and therefore the function of the brain suffers.

Precursor of syncope

Before fainting, a child 7 years of age or older develops some of the following symptoms:

There is a feeling of weakness in the body. She is expressive.
The skin becomes pale and the child yawns.
The limbs are cold to the touch.
Dries up in the mouth.
There is a lack of air and increased breathing.
There will be ringing in the ears, and a bright veil appears before the eyes.

After a few seconds, the child falls. It is this condition that is fainting.

Diagnostics

In order to successfully combat this condition, as well as prevent it, it is necessary to establish the cause. Only then healing procedures will become effective. Great importance v diagnostic work and identifying the causes have laboratory and instrumental research. First of all, this refers to blood tests.

It is necessary to conduct a general clinical analysis, as well as an analysis for the determination of blood sugars.
An electrocardiogram is required.
To establish the causes, consultation of narrow specialists is needed. The child is sent for examination to a cardiologist, endocrinologist, neurologist.
Held daily monitoring functioning of the heart. If changes are detected, an ultrasound of the heart is performed.
If neoplasms in the brain are suspected, an MRI is performed.
Conduct anamnesis. The doctor needs to get complete information about the child's condition, so he asks different questions. Useful information provided by the parents.

Detailed information during the history taking allows you to determine general state child. Only after the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes treatment.

How to help?

Urgent care when fainting in children is carried out as follows:

The child must be laid horizontally. The legs should be in an elevated position, so a roller is placed under the knees. You can put your legs on the back of the sofa.
It is required to free the neck and chest from constraining things. Buttons are unbuttoned on the collar to ensure free air flow. Still need to open windows and doors.
Whiskey is rubbed with ammonia. You need to bring a swab to your nose, which is moistened with ammonia. You should not bring the entire bottle, because due to sudden movements of the head, the product may spill. Therefore, a burn of the mucous membranes is likely.
An ice pack should be applied to the head. If it is not available, pour water or place ice in a plastic bag.

Obligatory medical care for a child with fainting. Treatment is usually prescribed, and in difficult cases, hospitalization is needed.

Treatment

The main areas of treatment include getting rid of the causes that cause fainting:

The correct organization of the daily routine is required in compliance with the basic regime moments.
Still needed proper nutrition. Food should include vitamins and minerals. Do not allow monotony in nutrition. Food should be varied in composition.
With autonomic dysfunction, morning exercises are performed. A useful activity would be swimming in the pool.
Effective baths with medicinal herbs which have a sedative effect. It is useful to use lemon balm, chamomile, bergamot.
With deviations on the ECG, you need funds that feed the heart muscle, vitamins.
If fainting is associated with carbon monoxide, then a maximum supply of oxygen is required. In this case, inhalation of oxygen is used.
In the presence of neoplasms in nervous structures treatment is prescribed by a neurologist.

It is advisable to discuss the method of treatment with a doctor. It is important to follow all the recommendations of a specialist. Only then will it be possible to get rid of this condition, as well as to prevent complications.

Prevention

When you need to get rid of provocateurs. The child is laid down, the window is opened or taken out into the fresh air. Washing with cool water is helpful. When the reason lies in something you need to eat, preferably sweet. Juice or lemonade will do. It is necessary to avoid provoking factors. Children need to get enough sleep and eat well.

Conclusion

If fainting occurs frequently, then the child should be under the supervision of doctors. It is important to pay attention to the prevention of these conditions. Then it will be possible to avoid adverse consequences.

Often referred to as fainting, is a fairly common condition among children. school age. According to statistics, 30% of healthy children have experienced at least one episode of loss of consciousness, which is manifested by a sudden relaxation of the body, a sharp pallor of the skin, a complete lack of contact, dilated pupils, closing the eyes and shallow breathing.

How can you not be afraid if child woke up in the morning or just got up from a chair, and suddenly fell and was already lying pale and lifeless? Children's fainting is most often associated with impaired blood circulation in the brain and is reflex in nature, when the brain, like a computer, switches to a saving mode, detecting a sudden outflow of blood into lower limbs and the resulting oxygen starvation. Therefore, as a rule, children faint when they stay in a stuffy room for a long time, when they stand or sit still for a long time, when they turn their heads sharply, get out of bed and a chair, and wear a tight collar.

Promote loss of consciousness in children There may also be a lack of nutrients and oxygen in the blood. For example, if a child has not eaten for a long time or is on a diet, then the content of nutrients and oxygen in his blood decreases sharply and the brain begins to experience hunger, signaling this by fainting. An aggravating factor in adolescent girls is menstruation, when there is an additional loss of blood and, accordingly, less of it enters the vessels of the brain.

Most often fainting skinny teenagers of high stature 13-15 years old are susceptible. They are prone to loss of consciousness due to the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia during the period of increased growth. The vasomotor center of the nervous system, which is responsible for the narrowing and expansion of the lumen of the vessels, in rapidly growing children does not have time to respond in time with an increase blood pressure, for example, a sudden change in body position, nervous stress and overvoltage. Therefore, most often children who faint are hypotensive with abnormally low blood pressure.

All of the above causes of loss of consciousness in children associated with enhanced growth and development of the body. They do not pose a health risk. However, sometimes a child faints for the first time due to the onset of one of the following conditions:

1. Epilepsy. If the child not only fainted, but he started foaming at the mouth and there were repeated convulsive twitches, inarticulate cries and involuntary urination, then this indicates the presence of epilepsy. This chronic illness whose exact origins are not fully understood. Most often, epilepsy is inherited, and it can be distinguished from ordinary loss of consciousness by the signs characteristic of this disease: the arching bridge of the back, noisy intermittent breathing, muscle tension in the form of a stupor.

2. Diabetes. A sharp decrease in blood glucose provokes starvation of brain cells and, as a result, fainting. In severe cases diabetes leads to diabetic coma, which does not develop suddenly, but in the absence of insulin injections for several days. In diabetic coma, loss of consciousness is also accompanied by convulsions. diabetic coma develops due to a high content of glucose in the blood, and with a sharp decrease in blood sugar, hypoglycemic coma may develop as a result of an overdose of injected insulin or non-compliance with the diet.

3. Traumatic brain injury. With strong blows to the head, a concussion occurs and a violation of its activity is noted. Certain areas of the brain may stop working, leading to fainting. Tumors in the brain area also block nerve impulses that reach the organs, which provokes "overload" and, as a result, fainting with convulsions. In addition, loss of consciousness in a child may be associated with impaired blood supply to the brain due to the development of osteochondrosis in the cervical spine. After all, this disease today occurs not only in adults, but also in children from 2 years old. Osteochondrosis is especially often diagnosed in sedentary school-age children who sit at a computer for a long time, which puts a lot of stress on the cervical spine.

4. Heart disorders. Cardiac arrhythmia is the most dangerous cause sudden attacks of loss of consciousness, as it can lead to cardiac arrest. Various genetic malformations and extrasystoles can also contribute to disruption of the heart, as a result of which the blood supply to the brain worsens and the child loses consciousness. To exclude the presence of a cardiovascular disease, an electrocardiogram should be done already at the first loss of consciousness.

5. mental illness. The child's psyche is very vulnerable, so any cry, swearing and stress can cause deviations in the functioning of the nervous system. If the physical causes of fainting are excluded, then we recommend contacting a child psychologist. Often the reason for the loss of consciousness of children lies in psychological problems The child has. Parentally spoiled children pretend to faint to avoid going to school or to force them to buy what they want. Such children often have hysterical seizures, when consciousness is not completely lost and fainting does not pose a threat to health.

Strong stress and fright can cause a so-called "reactive" psychosis in a child, in which fainting becomes a protective reaction of the psyche to excessive stress. In this situation, urgent measures must be taken to surround the child with care and calmness to reduce psycho-emotional stress in his environment.

Each parent should know how to provide first aid in case of loss of consciousness of a child, which consists of the following actions:
- lay the child on the floor, sofa or bench, put a pillow or cushion under his feet so that they are slightly higher than his head. Unbutton your jacket, shirt and tight collar, loosen your belt and belt to increase blood flow to the brain;
- open the window to increase the oxygen content in the air;
- wet a piece of cotton wool with ammonia and bring it to the child's nose;
- Wipe the child's face with a cloth soaked in cold water, or splash some water on his face;
- when the child comes to his senses, let him drink warm tea with honey or sugar;
- Get examined by a doctor to exclude the development of mental and cardiovascular diseases.