Blood pressure is the norm and pathology. The rate of pressure in adolescents

Date: 15.04.2019

If, with a normal internal state, the tonometer shows a pressure of 120 to 90, this means that the lower arterial pressure is increased, and certain health difficulties prevail. It is important to determine the cause of the pathological process and eliminate it in a timely manner. Otherwise, the asymptomatic course of the disease will only progress, complications are not excluded. Patients may not have any pain, but treatment is still required in a timely manner.

What is pressure 120 to 90

In such a clinical picture, an increased lower pressure with a normal upper pressure is considered a minor deviation from the norm. More often, this indicator prevails in adulthood, has its own prerequisites, which must be determined and eliminated by the attending physician in a timely manner. The reasons can be of a physiological and pathological nature, and in the second case, without oral administration special medicines general well-being is not normalized. In addition, it is important to understand that hypertension, having exacerbated once, will remind of itself more than once in the future. acute attack.

Why high lower blood pressure is dangerous

The patient knows what the normal blood pressure should be, therefore, in case of a deviation from the norm, he must consult a doctor for qualified help. Minor disorders can be genetic (hereditary) or acquired, possibly due to age-related changes organism. It is important to understand what the dangerously high lower blood pressure is, so as not to completely ruin once healthy body... There is the following classification based on blood pressure:

For young and older patients, a lower pressure of 90 may represent a norm that does not require additional treatment.
At the age of 12-14, it is also possible that the lower pressure will rise to 90, which means the beginning of the puberty period with radical changes. hormonal background.
If the violation occurs at the age of less than 4 years, we are talking about a dangerous internal disease, secondary infection.

Is the pressure normal 120 to 90

Before taking medical drugs, it is important to determine - the norm or pathology. For example, for professional athletes, such an indicator is acceptable. Women should not panic during menopause, when there is a radical restructuring of the thyroid gland. However, it still does not hurt to see a doctor whether the pressure is 120 to 90 normal or not.

If the indicated clinical pictures not diagnosed, and blood pressure is still overestimated with a normal systolic blood pressure, we are already talking about a serious pathology. Alternatively, these can be chronic diseases. of cardio-vascular system or secondary diseases of the heart, blood vessels and kidneys. If these are daily attacks conservative treatment provides for the administration of drugs with a vasodilating effect after a thorough examination.

What does high lower blood pressure say?

Diastolic pressure refers to the condition when the ventricles of the heart are pushing blood out. Systolic, on the other hand, determines the condition of the arteries, for example, the permeability and elasticity of the walls, the vascular lumen. What the elevated lower arterial is talking about can be found in the diagnosis. If the real indicator has a difference from the permissible limits of the norm, it is necessary to look for the cause. When the lower blood pressure is high, the etiology of the pathological process is as follows:

dysfunction of the adrenal glands and kidneys;
work problems endocrine system;
pathology of the pituitary gland.

High lower blood pressure during pregnancy

When carrying a fetus, the load on the body future mom increases pathologically. The volumes of biological fluid are growing, blood circulates at an accelerated rate. Physical activity has nothing to do with it, however, we are not talking about pathology. If there is high lower pressure during pregnancy, you should not rush to take the pills, first you need a diagnosis to identify the root cause. When solving the problem of how to lower the lower pressure, it is better to use methods of alternative medicine.

Causes of high diastolic blood pressure in men

Diabetes mellitus should not be ruled out among pathogenic factors, however, the disease develops more often in women. The causes of high diastolic pressure in men are supplemented by a rapid pulse, and are due to chronic diseases cardiovascular system and blood vessels. More often this occurs in elderly patients, and a violation of the blood pressure indicator in men reproductive age hormonal imbalance may precede.

What to do if the pressure is 120 to 90

The disease can be systemic or isolated. The scheme depends on it intensive care, final result. The question of what to do if the pressure is 120 to 90, it is better to ask the cardiologist. To stabilize general well-being, the first step is to eliminate bad habits, eat right without participating in daily diet fatty, salty and fried foods. Useful to exclude physical exercise taking diuretics of mainstream and alternative medicine.

Blood pressure (blood pressure in the arteries) is the main indicator of the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

It can change with various diseases, and maintaining it for normal level vital. It is not for nothing that the doctor begins any examination of a patient with a pressure measurement.

High blood pressure is considered the most dangerous disease humanity. Hypertension can be caused by:

being overweight (the higher the weight, the greater the risk of hypertension);
hereditary predisposition (there are already hypertensive patients in the family);
low physical activity(sedentary work);
bad habits (alcohol, smoking);
salt abuse;
constant stress, nervous strain.

If the pressure is above 120/80, this means that the patient will suffer from shortness of breath, headache, increased fatigue, he will not be able to sleep normally.

In addition, the risk of developing cardiovascular vascular diseases, brain damage, pathologies of the organs of vision, urinary system.

In a healthy person, the pressure is relatively stable, however, with negative emotions, nervous overstrain, overuse water, it can fluctuate.

Distinguish pressure:

upper (systolic);
lower (diastolic).

In the first case, we are talking about the blood pressure during the contraction of the systole (left ventricle of the heart), when about 70 ml of blood is pushed out of it. Large arteries are involved in the creation of such pressure, which act as a buffer.

After the heart muscle contracts, the aortic valve will close, preventing blood from flowing back to the heart. At this moment, for the next contraction, the blood smoothly moves through the vessels and is enriched with oxygen - this is called diastolic pressure. It is the upper pressure that will become dangerous to health and life in general, since the lower one is much lower even with a hypertensive crisis.

It should be said that there is also the concept of pulse pressure. It is quite simple to calculate it - this is the difference between the upper and lower blood pressure.

Under normal conditions, the norm will be from 40 to 60 mm. rt. Art. Higher, as well as low, numbers are undesirable, but they cannot be called key in diagnosis and treatment.

Pressure Rates

When the blood pressure rises to 140 (upper) and 90 (lower, cardiac) and higher, the patient will be diagnosed with hypertension, or as it is commonly called essential hypertension.

In the overwhelming majority of cases, a person does not even know about his disease, since it is asymptomatic. A hypertensive patient feels completely healthy, and minor headaches can be attributed to:

fatigue;
overvoltage.

Problems are revealed quite by accident, for example, during the next medical examination.

Various factors can affect the level of pressure; the thicker the blood, the more difficult it is for it to move through the vessels. The problem can be provoked by the disease diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, disruption of the endocrine glands, a sharp expansion or narrowing of blood vessels after nervous overstrain, hormonal changes, strong emotions, there is always an increase in pressure under stress.

The normal level of pressure for each person is different, but there are generally accepted norms. They are determined by a set of many parameters for each age group, gender, an individual.

Medical standards are an average indicator for absolutely healthy people a certain age. It has been proven many times that BP 120/80 cannot be considered ideal for all people.

The following norms exist (upper / lower blood pressure):

normal - 110/70 - 130/85;
reduced normal - 110/70 - 100/60;
increased normal - 130/85 - 139/89;
low - less than 100/60 (hypotension);
increased - over 140/90 (hypertension).

Normal blood pressure indicators for different ages:

age 16-20 years (100/70 - 100 / 80.85);
age 20-40 years old (120 / 70-127,130 / 80,85);
age 40-60 years (up to 120,140 / 88);
age over 60 years (up to 150/90).

As you can see, the younger the person, the lower his blood pressure. An increase in blood pressure is always associated with age-related changes in blood vessels, heart, and other important organs.

High, as well as low blood pressure, can be the cause of dangerous health disorders, hypertensive crisis. To understand the reasons, you need to regularly measure your blood pressure, keep records of it.

It is possible that a person lives his entire adult life with a pressure below 110/70 and feels great. A similar picture happens with increased pressure. Medicine knows cases when blood pressure is upper 150 and lower 95, and the patient does not at all suffer from symptoms of hypertension. At lower numbers, he will feel weak, headache, dizziness.

There are norms for children (top / bottom):

from birth to 14 days (60.96 / 40.50);
3-4 weeks (80.112 / 40.74);
from 2 to 12 months (90.112 / 50.74);
2-3 years (110.112 / 60.74);
3-5 years (100.116 / 60.76);
6-10 years old (100.127 / 60.78);
11-12 years old (100.128 / 70.82);
13-15 years old (approaching 120 / 80.85);
after 15 years (120.136 / 70.86).

If the pressure is 130/90

What to do if in recent times blood pressure increased - lower to 90, upper to 130? If the systolic blood pressure is within the normal range, then the systolic blood pressure is too high and indicates the onset arterial hypertension first degree.

It is possible that the tonometer showed slightly different numbers - 130 (upper) 100 (lower), in this case the doctor will diagnose second degree hypertension.

Apparently for an adult over 35 years old normal pressure ranges from 120/80 to 139/89 and its periodic increase to 130 by 85, 90 or even 95 may not always be a pathology. In addition to health problems, external factors can be the reasons for an increase in blood pressure to such indicators.

For example, if a person's normal blood pressure is 120 / 85.86, its increase to 130 / 87.90 may be the result of severe physical and emotional stress.

It is possible that the problem appeared in hot weather, and when the temperature drops, it will pass.

Diagnosis and treatment directly depend on the correct measurement of blood pressure, since the doctor, when developing a treatment regimen, starts from these numbers, so it is extremely important to know and how to do it correctly.

Today there are several types of blood pressure monitors:

mechanical;
semi-automatic;
automatic.

The first options require the correct application of the cuff, the ability to use the device, and listen to heart sounds. This dimension requires special training and skills. If you follow all the instructions, you can get a reliable and accurate result.

Automatic models (electronic) are similar in principle of operation, but the measurement result can be seen on the scoreboard. This greatly facilitates the patient's measurement, provides the most accurate data. However, devices of this type often fail and show incorrect numbers.

Regardless of how you measure your blood pressure, you should know the general rules:

relax completely;
exclude physical activity, food before manipulation;
the pose must be comfortable;
measurements should be taken on both hands, maintaining an interval of 5-10 minutes.

When after a few correct measurements blood pressure its indicators are seriously different from the norm, it is shown to carry out control measurements within a week.

Treatment of hypertension is a complex and time-consuming process. The outcome depends not only on the correctly prescribed drugs, but also on the degree of responsibility of the patient.

From time to time, hypertensive patients can overtake a hypertensive crisis. In this condition, a sharp increase in blood pressure provokes problems with the nervous system, target organs. It is difficult to give exact figures during a crisis, since some people tolerate the upper pressure of 200 relatively normally, the lower pressure of 135/150, while others at 135.136 / 85.94 already lose consciousness.

The nature of the lesions in a hypertensive crisis depends on where exactly the pathology was, if a headache would develop, a stroke would develop, and in case of pain in the heart, myocardial infarction.

The causes of the crisis can be diseases of the organs of the endocrine system, reception high dose alcohol, table salt, excessive physical activity, a sharp change in weather conditions.

During the development of the crisis, the patient's well-being worsens significantly. This means that you need to call ambulance... A person may experience nausea, vomiting, facial swelling, hyperemia skin, tremor of the arms, legs, darkness before the eyes, up to loss of consciousness. If these symptoms appear, it is necessary to reduce the upper and lower pressure, lay the patient on a flat surface, and raise his head.

It should always be understood that an increase in blood pressure is a wake-up call. A person, regardless of age, needs:

be attentive to your health;
know your normal blood pressure;
change lifestyle, eating habits.

When blood pressure is much higher than 120/80, you cannot panic and get nervous, with a competent approach, you can improve your well-being and live full life... About what her moments arise with hypertension, a specialist will tell in the video in this article.

Before talking about how they think in societynormal blood pressure in humans, it should be noted the inconsistency of the parameter, taking into account different nuances, including the activity of the person in question.

human pulse accelerates, and datahuman pressure rise.

On the other hand, if a person suddenly gets up from a squatting position or out of bed, the pressure will drop. Therefore, the most reliable data can be obtained dimension BP in the morning when the person is still in bed. The tonometer is at the level of the heart, outstretched arm relaxed and at a similar level.

The characteristics of the body do not allow setting a specific framework, therefore, doctors note different pressure in their patients. blood ... According to the rules, they don't talk abouthuman pressure by age, since a healthy body, despite the data in the passport, must always stay at a level of no more than 140/90.

For an approximate rate, you can take the indicators 130/80, and a very enviable option when the tonometer showsideal pressurewith numbers 120/70. They saywhat is blood pressurecharacteristic of astronauts.

The level of the upper limits of blood pressure

Upper blood pressure rate, for which they speak of arterial hypertension, is 140/90. If the tonometer often shows high results, necessary together with the doctor look for reasons boost to normalize condition with medicines, herbs, procedures, auto-training.

The first step is to assess and adjust, if necessary, the lifestyle.What is the normal human blood pressuremaybe if he smokes, moves a little, eats everything in a unlimited quantities? If pressure rate exceeded to 160/90, tablets are prescribed. In the presence of ischemia, diabetes mellitus and other pathologies, treatment begins earlier, when slightly exceedednormal blood pressure.For hypertension, treatment is aimed at achievingblood pressure normsin the range of 140-135 by about 65-90.

With atherosclerosis, it is impossible to sharply reduce the pressure, since this is fraught with a heart attack, stroke. With kidney pathology, with diabetes mellitus and in everyone who has not reached the age of 60,should be normalBlood pressure in the range of 120-130 by about 85.

Lower limits of blood pressure

Ordinary people normal pressureit is better not to be below the 110/65 borders. If it systematically decreases, blood does not flow normally to the organs, and with it food and oxygenation. The brain will be especially sensitive to oxygen deficiency. Of course, there is people who are old years feel great with a pressure of 90/60, and do not complain about anything.

Low numbers on the tonometer are found in people who once played sports, the reason is in the hypertrophy of the heart. For the elderly years it is advisable not to have too low blood pressure, since this is fraught with the occurrence of brain pathologies. Upon reaching 50 years of agehuman normon diastolic pressure - about 85-89.

Saying, what pressure is considered normal and what is measured, it should be noted that doctors often take measurements on each of the hands. This is important becausenormal blood pressure and pulseare the same on both hands, or a slight difference of 5 mm is allowed in right hand if it is working.

But if a difference of 10 mm or more is detected, this may indicate the development of atherosclerosis, with a difference in indicators of 15-20 mm, stenosis of blood vessels or their abnormal development is possible.

Pulse pressure

In normal state pulse the pressure is kept within 35 + -10. Up to 35 years old for the norm will be reckon 25-40, in old age - 50. In situations where heart rate too low, this is associated with a heart attack, the presence atrial fibrillation, even tamponade and other cardiac pathologies.

High pulse in an adultcan be a signal to the doctor about the presence of heart failure, atherosclerosis. This condition occurs against the background of endocarditis, pregnancy, anemia, and blockages inside the heart.

Usually, experts do not calculate pulse pressure by subtracting the diastolic reading from the systolic reading. There are special tables, and the pressure difference should not exceed 10%.

Pressure Rates in Tables

Talking aboutwhat should be the blood pressure in womenand in men, they do not mean the number of years itself, but those changes in the body that are inherent in each stage of life, and which affect the level of blood pressure.

If you look for information about the femaleblood pressure norm by age tablewill contain the following data by year:

20 – 116 / 72;
30 –120 / 75;
40 – 127 / 80;
50 – 135 / 84;
60-65 – 135 / 85;
Over 65 - 135/89.

If we say what isblood pressure norm in adults tablefor men will contain the following indicators by year:

20 – 123 / 76;
30 – 126 / 79;
40 – 129 / 81;
50 – 135 / 83;
60-65 – 135 / 85;
for 65 - 135/89.

Listedpressure by age tableleads approximately, since much changes from the state and activity of a person. Femalepressure and pulse ratesdiffer from men, which is associated, among other things, with a lower body weight. Already in 60 years, if we consider how differentblood pressure norm by agein the case of genders it is the same.

The norm of pressure in a pregnant woman

If a woman in a position does not suffer from pathology, thennormal blood pressure and pulsedo not change until the end of the second trimester. In the future, due to hormonal changes the pressure rises slightly, but not more than 10 mm from the norm. If the course of pregnancy occurs with pathologies, jumps in blood pressure, problems with the functioning of the brain, kidneys, and also seizures are possible.

If before family planning the woman's pressure was increased, then against the background of carrying a baby, the condition may become worse - hypertensive crises, constantly elevated blood pressure are possible. In such situations, treatment in stationary walls, correction of the condition is possible.

Pressure in children

Speaking out, what blood pressure is considered normal, children should be singled out separately. In infants, the indicator is 80 to 50, and as they grow older, the indicator will generally grow. Leading doctors observepressure rate by agefor babies to identify abnormalities in the work of the heart, failures nervous system, any developmental defects.

Designed for babiesblood pressure norms by age:

1 month min. 80/40 max. 112/74;
from 2 months to 2 years min. 90/50 max. 112/74;
from 2 to 3 years min. 100/50 max. 112/74;
from 3 to 5 years min. 100/60 max. 115/76;
from 5 to 11 years old min. 100/60 max. 122/78.

Pressure in adolescents

Continuing the conversation abouthuman pressure is the norm for agein relation to the younger generation is also negotiated separately. The period of growing up finds a little person at the age of 11 and is accompanied by the growth of all systems and organs, an increase in muscles, and hormonal surges.

Hormones actively affect the function of the heart and blood vessels. For example, at the border of 11-12 years, the blood pressure in the younger generation jumps in the range from 110/70 to 126/82. In the period of 13-15 years, the condition returns to normal ifpressure and pulse rateapproximately corresponds to the norm in adults - from 110/70 to 136/86.

Why does blood pressure rise?

When blood pressure readings exceed the approximate established limits, it may be different reasons... For example, it may be hypertension characterized by persistent high blood pressure and periodic crises.

Another reason is adrenal gland tumors or renal vascular pathology, which will be characterized by the same symptoms as hypertension. With VSD, pressure surges do not usually exceed 140 to 90, pass with chills, pain, heavy breathing and other symptoms.

A surge in diastolic pressure is characteristic of kidney pathology, fraught with heart attack and cerebral disasters. An increase in systolic pressure is typical for elderly people, patients with heart disease and anemia. Increased pulse pressure threatens stroke, heart attack.

Why does the pressure drop

Hypotension is usually caused by weakness of the heart, individual characteristics vascular tone. Persistently reduced rates are found in VSD, anemia, strict diet, myocardiopathy. If the pressure is not critical, the condition does not cause much trouble.

If the upper pressure has dropped significantly as a result of shock or other reasons, the lower pressure also drops. This leads to multiple organ failure, possibly intravascular coagulation. In order not to face complications, it is necessary to control blood pressure and maintain it within the established norms.

Everyone knows that a pressure of 120 to 80 is the norm for a person. But is it really so? Doctors do not give an unambiguous answer to this question... When determining the rate of blood pressure, age and personal characteristics of people are taken into account. In the case of observing other indicators of blood pressure with good general condition, this is not a cause for concern. It is recommended to only periodically measure blood pressure, pulse and body temperature.

Description

Normal pressure

Blood pressure refers to the onslaught of blood on the vessels. The physician must take into account that their own norms are inherent, depending on his age. Pressure 120 to 80 pulse 80 is the norm for people from sixteen to forty years old, for old people and children, other indicators will be the best. They always take into account the characteristics of each organism, which affect the work of the cardiac and vascular systems.

What does the change in blood pressure figures depend on?

Factors affecting blood pressure

Blood pressure is influenced by the speed and strength of the heart's contractions, as well as the volume of blood that it pumps in one minute, the properties of the blood itself and the resistance of the vascular walls. It is believed that a pressure of 120 to 80 is normal. But in fact, the following factors affect the blood pressure numbers:

The ability of the heart muscle to contract, ensuring the release of blood into the vessels;
Condition and properties of blood;
Vascular elasticity;
Violation of the size of blood vessels due emotional stress or hormonal imbalance.

Is the pressure perfect 120/80 mm. rt. Art.?

BP figures are subject to many factors that change with the age of a person. It is also important to take into account the gender of the person, as well as the personality characteristics of the body. In modern times, in medicine, the norm is considered to be a pressure of 115 to 75 or close to it indicators for all people. This indicator acts as a sign that speaks of the state of the human body, changes in which may indicate the development various diseases... Therefore, it is so important to be able to measure your blood pressure and know what rate he should have.

Sound sleep is the key to normal blood pressure

Constant 120 to 80 pressure is normal, but it is not always possible to observe such indicators with normal health... These parameters can be changed under the influence different situations... This includes physical activity, stress, a state of rest or sleep.

Normal blood pressure is something that is measured at rest, but it can also change throughout a person's life.

So, in childhood blood pressure is low and rises with age. Also, a pressure of 120 to 80 is rarely present during pregnancy, adolescence and during hormonal changes in the body. But it changes insignificantly, usually the indicators do not go down or rise much.

Methods of increasing and lowering blood pressure

As mentioned above, blood pressure readings can change under the influence of many factors. V medical practice there are techniques by which it can be normalized if it causes discomfort. These include:

Recreation. To increase the Hell indicators, doctors recommend sleeping at night for 8 hours; in order to reduce the indicators, it is necessary to relax the body and breathing by taking a lying position.
Physical exercise. When the pressure drops, it is recommended to physical exercises, it is possible to go out into the fresh air or take a walk with an increased blood pressure.
Water procedures. Depending on the blood pressure readings, it is recommended to visit the sauna or take a contrast shower.
Diet. To raise the pressure, you can drink or sweet. It is recommended to include legumes, nuts and garlic in the diet to lower the indicators.
Emotional condition. Doctors recommend avoiding stress in any case, depressive states, emotional overwork.

Minor changes in blood pressure, for example, a pressure of 125 to 85, do not affect the work in any way internal organs and the body as a whole, so there is no need to lower it. If the indicators tend to change periodically or constantly, then you need to contact medical institution for examination and diagnosis.

Deviations from the norm

The manifestation of pathology includes blood pressure, the indicators of which are higher than 135/85 mm. rt. Art. If the indicators are more than 145/90, then we are talking about the development of hypertension. Abnormally low rates are considered to be 100/60 mm in an adult. rt. Art. The difference between the upper and lower pressure figures should not be more than 55 mm. and less than 30 mm. Otherwise, this may indicate the development of pathological processes in the body.

It is important to remember that blood pressure and heart rate are not directly related. For example, a pressure of 120 to 80 pulse 100 can speak only of tachycardia, but not of hypertension. In addition, with a decrease in blood pressure, the pulse often increases due to the body's desire to compensate for the violation of blood flow, and vice versa.

Blood pressure rate by age category

In childhood, blood pressure indicators are lower than in adults. For about twelve years, his performance is close to that of adults. The pressure indicators by age are described below:

Newborn baby - 90/45 mm. rt. Art .;
One-year-old baby - 105-65 mm. rt. Art .;
Five-year-old child - 110/60 mm. rt. Art .;
At ten years old, blood pressure is equal to 115/70 mm. rt. Art .;
More than ten years - 120/70 mm. rt. Art .;
At 20-30 years old, women have 110/80, and men have a pressure of 120 to 80, a pulse of 90;
In the period of 30-40 years, women have 120/75, and men 125/80 mm. rt. Art .;
In the period from 40 to 50 years for men Hell 13080, for women 130/70;
In people from 50 to 60 years old, regardless of gender, blood pressure is normally 135/85 mm. rt. Art .;
At the age of 60-65, blood pressure indicators do not change in a healthy body;
After 65 years, blood pressure is normally 135/90 mm. rt. Art.

All these age indicators are conditional, they should be observed in the case when the human body is completely healthy and not exposed to negative factors... If blood pressure is constantly outside the normal range, this can serve as a signal to visit a doctor. For certain ailments, for example, diabetes mellitus or ischemia, any fluctuation in blood pressure numbers can be dangerous.

Causes of changes in blood pressure

Blood pressure rises for the following reasons:

Presence in blood high level cholesterol;
Pathology of the kidneys, spine, blood vessels and heart;
Endocrine system diseases;
Obesity and sedentary lifestyle;
Pregnancy;
The presence of addictions.

Decreased blood pressure can be observed due to the following reasons:

The presence of bleeding;
Heart or thyroid disease;
Overwork, lack of vitamins;
VDS, hypoglycemia.

Blood pressure measurement

Before decoding the 120 to 80 pressure, you need to fix it correctly. For this, tonometers are used, which can be manual, automatic and semi-automatic. The cuff of the tonometer is wrapped around the shoulder of the left hand, air is pumped into it, which is then slowly released. To fix the indicators, the Korotkov method is used, which consists in establishing the noises that appear in the vessels during pressure changes. In this case, the upper pressure corresponds to that in the cuff, when it coincides with the moment of the onset of the noise. The bottom pressure coincides with the end of the noise.

In a hand-held tonometer, a stethoscope is used to record noise, and air is pumped in with a special pear. In other devices, the pressure is determined automatically. Digital blood pressure monitors show, for example, a pressure of 120 to 80, and a pulse of 80, which is very convenient, because in addition to blood pressure, you can measure the heart rate.

The pressure must be measured in a sitting position, the person must be in a relaxed state. It should be borne in mind here that some people have a fear of doctors, so they have emotional stress, which provokes an increase in blood pressure. Such people are recommended to carry out the procedure in their usual environment, for example, at home.

One of the most common health complaints and one of the most "favorite" diseases in the elderly is high blood pressure. This pathology can explain any changes in well-being, Bad mood and other troubles. Blood pressure can rise and fall several times over the course of one day, and a person's normal blood pressure is a purely individual concept.

What is blood pressure and what values are considered normal?

Blood pressure is general concept, which determines the force with which the blood presses on the walls of blood vessels, it is more correct to call it - blood pressure, because the pressure matters not only in the arteries, but also in the veins and capillaries. But measure without help special devices only pressure in large vessels located on the surface of the body - in the arteries.

Blood pressure - BP - depends on the speed and strength of a person's heart, how much blood it can pump in one minute, on the properties of the blood itself and the resistance of the walls of blood vessels.

Factors affecting the value of blood pressure:

the ability of the heart to contract with sufficient force and ensure the normal release of blood through the vessels;
from rheological properties blood - the "thicker" the blood, the more difficult it moves through the vessels, such diseases as, increased coagulability, greatly impede blood flow and can lead to problems with blood pressure, with thick blood, some doctors prescribe;
elasticity of the walls of blood vessels - blood vessels wear out over time and cannot withstand the increased load - this becomes the cause of the development of hypertension in elderly people,
atherosclerotic changes - reduce the elasticity of the walls;
a sharp narrowing or dilation of blood vessels - as a result of nervous shocks or hormonal changes, a sharp narrowing or expansion of blood vessels is possible - for example, with fear, anger or other strong emotions;
diseases of the endocrine glands.

Normal pressure is determined by the combination a large number parameters, and for each age, gender and for an individual, its indicators can vary greatly. For medical standards, average indicators are taken from healthy people of a certain age. It has long been proven that a pressure of 120/80 cannot and should not be considered the ideal norm for people of different ages.

To find out what normal pressure a person should have in different age periods, you can use the following table:

Blood pressure indicators of an adult

Normal blood pressure is considered in the range from 110/70 to 130/85 mm. rt. Art.

Reduced normal pressure - 110 \ 70 - 100 \ 60;

Low blood pressure - hypotension - below 100 \ 60;

Increased normal blood pressure - 130 \ 85- 139 \ 89;

High blood pressure - hypertension - more than 140 \ 90 mm. rt. Art.

Indicators of normal blood pressure for different age periods:

16 - 20 years old - 100 \ 70 - 120 \ 80 mm. rt. Art.
20 - 40 years old - 120 \ 70-130 \ 80;
40 -60 - up to 140 \ 90;
over 60 years old - up to 150 \ 90 mm. rt. Art.

From the above table, it can be seen that the older the person is, the higher normal performance blood pressure, this is due to age-related changes in blood vessels, in the heart muscle and in other organs. High blood pressure, as well as low blood pressure, can cause various health problems, but in order to determine whether a change in pressure level is to blame for feeling unwell, it is necessary to measure it regularly and keep a special diary. For this, several trips to the clinic or visits to the doctor are not enough, only daily regular blood pressure measurements can give correct results.

Measurement

The correctness of the diagnosis and the appointment of treatment largely depends on the correctness of the blood pressure measurement, because the doctor, when prescribing a medicine or prescribing treatment, is largely guided by the measurement numbers.

Today there are different ways pressure measurements:

The simplest and oldest - with the help of a cuff and a tonometer - here has great importance correct cuff placement, ability to use a tonometer and listen to heart sounds. Such a measurement requires special training and skills, but when used correctly, it gives fairly accurate and reliable results.
Electrotonometer - the principle of operation is the same, but the results are visible on a special display. This makes it easier to measure the pressure yourself and provides more accurate results. But such blood pressure monitors often break down and may show incorrect numbers.

Whichever way the blood pressure is measured, it is necessary to follow a few general rules:

before measurement, half an hour before the start, exclude physical activity, nervous tension, smoking, eating and so on,
relax, sit comfortably when measuring,
the posture should be comfortable, the back should be straight, support is required, the arm should lie freely at the level of the patient's chest,
during the measurement, you cannot talk and move,
the measurement should be carried out on both hands and it is desirable to carry out a series of measurements with an interval of 5-10 minutes.

If, after a correctly carried out blood pressure measurement, the indicators differ greatly from the norm, you need to repeat the measurements within a few days and, upon confirmation, consult a doctor.

High blood pressure

It is considered one of the most dangerous diseases of mankind, about 25% of people around the world suffer from, and this figure continues to increase. Hypertension is called an increase in blood pressure above 140/90 mm. rt. Art. Hypertension can be caused by:

overweight,
genetic predisposition,
diseases of internal organs,
lack of physical activity
smoking and drinking alcohol,
excessive consumption of table salt,
nervous strain,
other factors.

With hypertension, the patient suffers from headaches (and they will not help here), shortness of breath, heart pain, increased fatigue, insomnia, feeling unwell and other symptoms. In addition, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, brain damage, pathology of the urinary system and eye diseases increases.

Treatment of hypertension is a very complex and time-consuming process, where the outcome of diseases depends on compliance with the doctor's recommendations. It is important to find the cause of the increase in pressure and act on it. Simultaneously providing symptomatic treatment. In each case, drugs, doses and their combination should be selected individually by the attending physician.

Without timely treatment or uncontrolled reception drugs, hypertension can not only severely damage health, but also cause such a life-threatening condition as a hypertensive crisis.

Hypertensive crisis

A hypertensive crisis is a life-threatening condition caused by a sharp increase in blood pressure and damage to the nervous system and target organs. BP figures in hypertensive crisis can be very different in different patients- someone normally tolerates 200 \ 150 mm. rt. Art, but someone feels bad already at 150 \ 85 mm. rt. Art. The nature of the lesions in GC depends on the organs in which the pathology was previously - if the heart ached, myocardial infarction may occur, if tormented - headaches - then a stroke, and so on.

The reasons for GC can be:

psycho-emotional overstrain,
meteorological changes,
alcohol intake,
plentiful food with a high salt content,
incorrectly selected antihypertensive drugs,
diseases of the endocrine system and internal organs.

With the development of HA, the patient's well-being sharply worsens, there is a feeling of fear, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, darkness before the eyes, edema and hyperemia of the face, chills, tremors of the extremities, fainting, up to coma may appear.

If such symptoms appear, you need to lay the patient on any flat surface with a raised headboard and urgently call an ambulance. Before her arrival, try to provide the patient with peace, an influx of fresh air, to get rid of constraining clothing, if the patient has long been suffering from hypertension, then, most likely, he is taking some kind of antihypertensive drug, in this case, you can give the patient the usual dosage before arrival.

Hypotension, low blood pressure

For many people, especially those with hypertension, it seems that lowering blood pressure may not be a problem, but in fact it is not. Constantly lowered blood pressure can cause no less inconvenience and cause health problems than hypertension.

The reasons for this pathology can be a hereditary predisposition, poor nutrition and vitamin deficiency, endocrine diseases, nervous tension, general exhaustion of the body and other problems.

A person suffering from hypotension constantly feels tired, overwhelmed, he can hardly carry out daily duties and is emotionally inhibited. In addition, there is a decrease in memory and brain activity, poor thermoregulation, increased sweating, headaches, pain in joints and muscles, general disturbance of well-being.

Although, unlike hypertension, hypotension does not cause serious problems with health, she also needs treatment. And only a doctor can determine the cause of hypotension and prescribe treatment, after a detailed examination. And without medical care, you can advise to establish a regime of work and rest, eat well, not get nervous and give up bad habits.