What to do with food poisoning in children. Food poisoning in children

Date: 17.04.2019

Food poisoning is a complex of pathological symptoms that occur when eating poor-quality or poisonous foods.

Doctors sometimes use the term “toxic infection”, which combines the causes of the disease (poisoning): toxin damage, bacteria damage to the body and a mixed version.

Causes of Food Poisoning

The term "poor-quality product" is understood to mean a normal daily food product, which for some reason has become a danger for eating.

The following options are possible here:

the product has expired (the processes of decay and decomposition lead to the accumulation of toxins hazardous to health);
contamination of the fresh product with harmful bacteria (for example, on unwashed fruits you can often find Escherichia coli, on the shell of eggs Salmonella);
damage to the fresh product with bacterial toxins (in violation of the technology for preparing creams, staphylococcus toxins can get into them).

The second group combines quite a few dangerous bacteria (rods and cocci), when they enter the body there are signs of food poisoning. Botulism, escherichiosis, salmonellosis, dysentery - this is an incomplete list of infectious lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.

It is worth noting that all these diseases are referred by infectious disease doctors not to food poisoning, but to acute intestinal infections (AEI), but only with laboratory detection of bacteria. If it was not possible to identify a microorganism specific for these diseases, and the clinical picture is beyond doubt, then they use the general concept of toxicoinfection.

So, in addition to poisoning by poor-quality products, often in medical practice you have to deal with poisoning by poisonous plants or chemical poisons that have come into food. If spoiled foodstuffs have a risk of poisoning everything, then poisonous plants, medicines and household chemicals are used out of ignorance or carelessness, mainly by children.

Features of food poisoning in children

Due to the immaturity of systems and organs, food poisoning in a child is more difficult than in adults. Sometimes the same food does not cause any harm to the mother, but can cause severe toxicoinfection in her baby.

Let us consider in more detail the causes of the failure of the child's body:

low acidity of gastric juice, which is the first barrier to pathogenic bacteria;
insufficient protective function of the liver (in other words, an incompletely formed system of enzymes necessary for the neutralization, binding and elimination of poisons by the liver);
rapid absorption of toxins from the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, stomach and intestines (this is explained by a well-developed system of blood supply to organs);
low filtration ability of the kidneys;
violation of the normal protective intestinal microflora (dysbiosis often occurs in young children).

All of the above leads to the fact that food poisoning occurs in children more often, manifests itself early and quickly, and is much more difficult than in an adult. That is why if symptoms of food poisoning in children occur, you should consult a doctor!

It is possible to independently treat at home only mild toxicoinfections with a slight violation of the general condition of the child.

It is completely unacceptable to self-medicate newborns (from birth to a year), since the incidence of severe complications in this group of children is quite high!

The clinical picture of food poisoning in a child

Poisoning in children is divided into the period of the asymptomatic course of the disease and the period of the developed clinical picture.

Asymptomatic period (latent)

This is the time from infection in the body to the first signs of its manifestation. Its duration can be from 30 minutes to a day and depends on the age of the child, the amount of food eaten, the type of toxin or pathogen, individual characteristics. Symptoms may or may not be at all, or there may be weakness, malaise, discomfort, sweating. As soon as a certain amount of poison is absorbed into the blood, the first signs of food poisoning appear.

The period of the expanded clinical picture

The period from the toxin entering the bloodstream to its complete elimination (excretion from the body). The duration of this stage of poisoning depends not only on the reaction of the child's body to the toxin, but also on the timeliness of the measures taken (usually no more than 5-6 days).

Food poisoning is manifested by symptoms of damage to the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines (acute gastroenteritis), general intoxication and dehydration (loss of fluid). As discomfort and weakness increase, nausea appears, the child becomes lethargic, drowsy, refuses to eat. Body temperature rises (in children up to 3-5 years old it can reach 39.5 C Celsius), there is a different severity of abdominal pain. The latter are due to spasm of the smooth muscles of the stomach and intestines. To quickly remove toxins that have got inside, the body uses a protective reaction: vomiting and diarrhea. It should be remembered that three times vomiting in children already requires urgent measures to restore the water-electrolyte balance.

Vomiting in a child with food poisoning, as well as diarrhea, can occur 10-12 times a day! Loss of fluid leads to signs of dehydration:

pallor;
pointy features;
dry skin;
convulsions, anuria, hypotension (lowering blood pressure), acidosis (acidification of the blood) appear with significant dehydration and are dangerous complications of toxicoinfection.

In most cases, the main manifestations of poisoning are reduced in the first 1-3 days, leaving behind a feeling of weakness and drowsiness. For some time, abdominal pain, headache, lack of appetite, and stool disorder may persist.

What to do when signs of food poisoning in children appear

The symptoms of foodborne toxico-infections described above are nonspecific, that is, characteristic of most poisonings. When eating poisonous plants (berries of lily of the valley, nightshade, aconite, castor oil plant, belladonna and others), some medications and household chemicals, poisonous mushrooms, in addition to standard signs, symptoms appear that are characteristic of a particular poison.

With any parents, you can advise the following:

if there are suspicious or unusual symptoms during food poisoning, such as convulsions, loss of consciousness, severe tachycardia, low blood pressure, severe headache, impaired vision, speech, shaky gait, vomiting or stool with blood, hallucinations, shortness of breath, you should immediately call an ambulance help;
food poisoning in newborns (children up to a year) is treated only under the supervision of a pediatrician;
with severe poisoning, hospitalization in a hospital is indicated.

Treatment of food poisoning in children

A set of therapeutic measures is based on the severity of the clinical picture, the age of the child and the type of toxin (cause of intoxication). So, what do parents need to do with food poisoning in a child? How to effectively and quickly cure food poisoning?

Dehydration control

The most important thing is to make up for the loss of fluid! Pediatricians have used Regidron's solution with great success, which must be given to the child in the amount of 1-2 tablespoons every 10 minutes and after each vomiting or loose stool. In the absence of the drug, you can use ordinary boiled water.

The basic rule that parents need to remember is to give water in small quantities, but often.

Sorbents

At the first signs of food poisoning before vomiting occurs, sorbents (activated carbon, Polysorb, Smecta, Enterosgel) help well.

The mechanism of action of drugs is the absorption on its surface of toxic substances and toxins and their removal. Thus, the sooner they were taken, the greater the chance of reducing the flow of toxin into the blood.

Intestinal antibiotics and antidiarrheal drugs

This group of drugs should be used only as directed by a doctor and in the laboratory diagnosis of acute intestinal infection (for example, salmonellosis, botulism, dysentery). Having independently decided to give children intestinal antibiotics and antidiarrheal drugs, you act at your own peril and risk!

In some cases, it is possible to independently use a suspension or capsules of Loperamide to reduce diarrhea.

Probiotics

Preparations for the restoration of microflora can begin to be given to the child after the termination of vomiting. They accelerate recovery, reduce the severity of symptoms of poisoning, help in the fight against pathogenic bacteria.

Probiotics are used both for treatment and for the prevention of poisoning and infections.

Diet

At the time of treatment, the child needs a sparing diet with the restriction of flour, sweet, fatty, spicy and salty. Completely exclude juices, dairy products and semi-finished products.

In conclusion, I would like to say that all treatment measures, their duration, doses of drugs should be prescribed only by the attending physician. Help with severe food poisoning in a child is provided only in a hospital setting. The best prevention of food poisoning is the observance of sanitary standards.

Foodborne bacterial poisoning in a child is also called intestinal infections - this is a large group of diseases, the causative agents of which can be bacteria and viruses. More often than others, infections such as dysentery, salmonellosis, escherichiosis, campylobacteriosis, yersiniosis are found. Intestinal infections affect all people, regardless of age, including often young children.

Poisoning in children can be caused by the consumption of poisonous mushrooms, which can retain their toxic properties after soaking, boiling, drying, salting, pickling and other processing methods. As well as poisoning from poisonous plants (aconite, castor oil plant, bitter almonds, bleached seeds, belladonna berries, raven eyes, wolf bast and May lily of the valley) In addition, in contact with poisonous plants or on the skin of a poisonous plant juice, acute inflammation, eczema can develop, dermatitis.

Causes of poisoning in a child

Food poisoning in children due to intestinal infections can be called "dirty hands diseases" because they are transmitted from a person with an intestinal infection to a healthy baby, usually through dirty hands or objects (for example, toys, dishes).

An intestinal infection caused by Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli) most often occurs due to low-quality fermented milk products - kefir, yoghurts. And staphylococci that cause the disease in the warm season are especially active in creams and cakes, which leads to foodborne toxicosis. The causative agents of salmonellosis get to the person through any infected products: chicken meat and eggs, boiled sausage, sausages, vegetables and greens poorly washed or washed with dirty water. Yersinia are carried by rodents, "strolling" in the vegetables and fruits stored in the cellar. And dysentery can begin if you drink raw water, unboiled milk, eat yogurt, cottage cheese, sour cream, as well as unwashed fruits, berries, vegetables.

What's happening?

After the pathogen enters the body, the release of its toxins in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract begins, intoxication occurs; inflammatory process in the intestines. Loss of fluid with stools, vomiting leads to dehydration.

The first symptom of poisoning in a child due to intestinal infection is the acute onset of the disease, repeated vomiting, abdominal pain (primarily in the stomach), loose stool with impurities (mucus, herbs, blood streaks). Vomiting may occur at the same time as, or precede, a rise in temperature. Kids feel bad, lethargy, weakness, headache appear, they refuse to eat - all these are symptoms of poisoning in a child caused by the action of microbes on organs and tissues of the body (intoxication).

When a child is poisoned with mushrooms, poisoning with a pale toadstool is considered the most severe, phalloidin contained in the fungus, penetrating the human circulatory system, destroys and dissolves red blood cells (blood cells). It is enough to swallow 1/4 of the cap of a pale toadstool to cause fatal poisoning. Fly agaric contains toxins muscarin and muscaridin. Poisoning with these poisons appears after 0.5–2 hours, sometimes after 10 hours. Poisoning is possible with edible and conditionally edible mushrooms, for example morels or stitches, if the technology of their preparation is violated. Or they eat old and stale mushrooms, which begin the decomposition process, and toxic products of protein breakdown appear. When consuming mushrooms, home canning can lead to a serious illness - botulism. The causative agents of botulism, caught on the fungus from the soil, develop well in the absence of oxygen, in hermetically sealed jars, forming a very strong toxin (poison).

Food Poisoning Diagnosis

The diagnosis of intestinal infection is made by the doctor based on the clinical picture. In addition, additional laboratory tests are used: determination of the pathogen in vomit, feces; determination of antibody titer in venous blood.

Signs of mushroom poisoning appear after 0.5 hours. up to 40 hours. Headache, dizziness, and anxiety begin. Then abdominal pain, diarrhea, cramps appear. All this is accompanied by weakness, a rare pulse, the appearance of profuse cold sweat. When poisoning with poison contained in a fly agaric, symptoms of nausea, vomiting, thirst, profuse sweating, and weakness are noted. Sometimes dizziness, light-headedness, hallucinations, a rare pulse, shortness of breath, convulsions appear.

The main signs of botulism are headache, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision - fog and double vision, poor pupil response to light, shaky gait, eyelids drooping, limb movement is difficult, temperature is normal.

Treatment of food poisoning in children

As soon as you notice signs of an intestinal disorder in your child, you must immediately begin treatment, while turning to a specialist for help. The main task is to try to compensate for the liquid and salt lost by the child’s body before the doctor arrived. Start drinking immediately: 1 tsp. or 1 tbsp. l (depending on age) every 5-10 minutes. Drink the baby with Regidron glucose-salt solution, compote, fruit drink, tea, 5% glucose solution.

With diarrhea, enterosorbents are used: smecta, polyphepan, microsorb. If mucus, greens, blood appeared in his stool, the doctor prescribes antibiotics to treat poisoning in the child.

If the baby is breast-fed, when the first signs of the disease appear, take a short pause in feeding and start to drink it with boiled water. Then, if the condition begins to improve, return to the usual feeding regimen.

If the child is on artificial feeding, then after a pause of 8 - 12 hours, it is preferable to give sour-milk mixtures into which rice broth can be added. The rest of the complementary foods (vegetable puree, fruit puree, yolk, cereal, meat) are introduced gradually from the third day. It is important to remember that until the child has fully recovered, the menu should not include new products that he has not tried yet.

When poisoning in older children, they also use a sparing diet. The most adapted option for most situations: rice porridge on the water, kefir, mashed potatoes without milk and butter, crackers, mashed vegetarian soups, baked apple - at short intervals and in small portions.

When poisoning with cooked mushrooms: there are complaints of abdominal pain, headache, the baby becomes lethargic (even if the signs of poisoning are mild, not pronounced), and even more so if there is a suspicion of botulism, you should immediately consult a doctor: immediately call an ambulance or deliver the injured person to the nearest children's hospital. Botulism treatment is carried out only in the infectious diseases hospital, where the anti-botulinum serum neutralizing the toxin will be urgently introduced as a specific treatment.

Treatment of victims of poisoning by poisonous plants is carried out by removing the poison that has entered the body and reducing its toxicity using various antidotes. It is very important to take the necessary measures in the order of self-help and mutual assistance before the arrival of a doctor or admission to a medical institution. Regardless of the type of poisoning caused by the plant poison, it is urgent to induce vomiting with irritation of the pharynx or root of the tongue.

Prevention of poisoning in children

Prevention consists in observing basic hygiene rules: wash hands before eating and after using the toilet, use only boiled water, thoroughly rinse vegetables and fruits with boiling water, boil milk, store cooked dishes only in the refrigerator and not more than 2 days. Exclude snacks in fast food cafes, as well as the acquisition of products in not reliable stores;

In the warm season, it is better not to cook for the future. The dish just cooked is harmless, but after a few hours, even if you carefully washed and processed all the ingredients, it may become the culprit of the disease. For example, 1 gram of minced meat immediately after scrolling contains about 2 million bacteria, and in a day - more than 100 million.

Caution should be exercised when bathing children in water. The causative agents of certain intestinal infections (for example, dysentery) live there for up to 50 days. And a child who has had dysentery has been infected for a month: during this period his contacts with other children should not be allowed. Remember, intestinal infections are a disease that can always be prevented.

Prevention of poisoning by plant poisons consists in the steady implementation of the following rules: do not allow children, especially young children, to pick mushrooms and berries on their own, without control from adults; do not use unfamiliar plants, mushrooms for food, you should be aware that children under 5 years old are not recommended to feed with mushrooms and dishes from them, even if it is just a filling in pies, pancakes, pizza or dried mushrooms for mushroom soup, since the child’s body does not has enough enzymes to digest them; do not take inside without the consent of the doctor and do not spontaneously increase the dose prepared in the pharmacy tincture.

Food poisoning is a fairly common picture, especially among young children. The same product, fresh at first glance, can manifest itself in different ways in the body of adults and babies: even a small concentration of “bad” bacteria can cause the latter to feel unwell, while an adult will not feel any changes. How to respond to the deterioration of the baby? How to identify and eliminate food poisoning in a child, the symptoms and treatment of which can be very different depending on the type of toxic substances attacking the body?

Causes

If a child has food poisoning, the main reason for this is the consumption of stale foods, poorly washed fruits and vegetables, lack of technology during cooking, and dirty hands. Bacteria caught in a favorable environment progress very quickly in their development, and in a short time, on a small piece of goodies there is an army of pathogenic organisms invisible to the eye.

Most often, the risk of poisoning increases in the warm season.

The most dangerous products are as follows:

Dairy products, ice cream;
Eggs
All seafood, river fish;
Meat products and semi-finished products;
Vegetable products (greens, vegetables, berries, fruits);
Any pastries with cream.

Even fresh at first glance products that do not have a specific smell can cause poisoning in children. If, for example, a cream cake stood on the table for a couple of hours, it has not yet deteriorated, but at a summer temperature of 30 degrees, staphylococcus bacteria have already settled on it, and for a small child they will be enough to get infected.

The main culprits of food poisoning are: staphilo and streptococci, botulinum salmonella, Escherichia, clostridia. This is not a complete list of bacteria that can settle in food and cause dangerous intestinal diseases.

Less commonly, poisoning can occur due to the consumption of poisonous plants and mushrooms, which the child could have consumed through negligence.

Depending on the concentration of pathogenic bacteria ingested with food, the first symptoms of food poisoning in children can manifest themselves in a different period of time: from half an hour to a day or more. More often, poisoning is characterized by an acute course, but it can also occur with mild symptoms, such as mild lethargy, loss of appetite.

For most bacterial infections, the first symptoms are the same:

The child develops lethargy, fatigue and drowsiness;
There are sharp cutting pains in the abdomen, very young children at the same time squeeze their legs under themselves and scream piercingly;
Pallor is manifested, sometimes blueness of the lips and nails may be observed;
Nausea increases, vomiting becomes frequent, which does not always give relief;
Frequent and liquefied stools, from light yellow to green swamp hue, sometimes with mucus impurities;
Drying of the mucous membranes, increased thirst;
In especially acute cases, convulsions and loss of consciousness can occur.

If botulinum bacillus enters the body, one of the first symptoms will be a decrease in vision, double vision. Breathing becomes difficult, it becomes difficult to swallow, speech is disturbed. Intestinal motility may be impaired, leading to constipation and bloating. In a serious condition, muscle paralysis develops, coordination fails.

Signs of poisoning with bleached or dope will manifest themselves within half an hour: over-dried mucous membranes of the mouth, the child cannot swallow, speech becomes slurred. The child is overexcited and raving, sometimes all this is accompanied by hallucinations and convulsions. The pupils are dilated, when a light beam is hovering over them, they do not respond to it.

Severe forms are accompanied by a violation of the heart.

When using the “wrong” mushrooms, symptoms of poisoning in a child can appear at any time during the day. In this case, severe abdominal pain, frequent loose stools, frequent vomiting, sometimes with an admixture of blood, will bother the person, it turns pale, the skin may acquire a bluish tint. Due to dehydration, kidney failure can develop. If fly agaric has got into an organism, strong sweating is added to all of the listed symptoms, heart function is disturbed, hallucinations, convulsions appear. Often, the liver can be affected, a sign of which is yellowness of the skin.

First aid

At the first signs of food poisoning in young children, you should call an ambulance - you can’t hope that it will pass by itself, not provided medical assistance on time, could result in serious consequences.

What you need to do before the ambulance arrives:

Gastric lavage: this is a difficult task, but it must be done. Depending on the age of the child, he is given a drink for a short period of water at the rate of 100 ml for each year of life. After, finger pressing the root of the child’s tongue, cause him to vomit. Repeat the procedure until a clear, clear liquid appears. Additionally, you can add a tablespoon of soda to the water.
Removal of intoxication with sorbents: any drugs acceptable for a specific age of the child. The most affordable regular activated carbon. The dosage should be calculated according to the age of the victim, and his weight - this is usually described in the instructions.

Enterosorbents should always be in the family medicine cabinet, and in sufficient quantities. Any trips, trips out of town, at sea, should be accompanied by these drugs - this is the first where treatment begins at home, or on long trips.

Drinking regime: in case of poisoning, it is necessary to drink at least one and a half liters a day for a child up to a year, respectively, for older generations, this amount increases. What is the danger of water imbalance? With frequent vomiting, and diarrhea, the body loses a lot of fluid, with which all useful salts are excreted, the circulatory system is disrupted, the blood thickens, organs are not able to "pump" it through themselves, as a result of which they do not receive nutrients. If enough fluid does not enter the body, it will gradually begin to turn off.

Another lifeline can be a cleansing enema. But not always the necessary devices are at hand. To conduct the procedure in the rectum, pour water, preferably cooled boiled (body temperature). After which the child should go to the toilet. The procedure can be repeated. The last enema can be done with chamomile infusion.

Diagnostics

To find out the cause of food poisoning in children, the symptoms are studied not only externally. A number of laboratory measures are being carried out: a blood and urine test, the presence of the pathogen in the feces and emetics is checked. In case of poisoning with plant poisons, an analysis is carried out for the presence and type of toxins in the body.

Treatment

Due to the risk of complications after dehydration in children, treatment is preferably carried out in a hospital. Based on the symptoms that accompany food poisoning in a child, treatment is also prescribed, which can be adjusted after receiving the results of the study.

What can be prescribed for ordinary poisoning:

Enterosorbents (activated carbon, smecta, enterosgel);
Antibacterial drugs (Enterol, Nifuroxazide, Enterofuril);
With severe dehydration - droppers with sodium chloride and glucose.

With botulism, anti-botulinum serum is introduced into the body. And here there are some nuances: if time allows you to analyze and determine the type of disease, a drug is introduced to combat the corresponding type (there are only 3 of them in the territory of the post-Soviet space). In complicated cases, the attending physician takes responsibility for the introduction of three types of vaccines. In this case, the medical staff should be ready for resuscitation of the patient in case of an allergic reaction or anaphylactic shock.

If the poisoning occurred due to poisonous plants, the treatment process begins with the removal of toxins from the body with an appropriate antidote.

With any signs of poisoning, you do not need to self-medicate: give the baby antibiotics and painkillers, they will not only not improve the condition, but can also aggravate it!

In addition to drug therapy for at least two weeks, it is important to adhere to a strict diet:

light mashed soups and cereals;
boiled or steamed meat or fish not fatty varieties;
only yesterday’s bread and biscuit cookies can be made from flour;
continue drinking regimen.

From the menu should be removed flour, sweet, fatty, spicy and salty foods. Dairy products are also excluded.

Prevention

To avoid such a fate as poisoning a child, and yourself, in particular, you should follow the simplest rules of hygiene. They do not require a large investment of time, but significantly reduce the risk of infection in the body.

How to deal with food poisoning in a child and preventive measures in more detail on the video:

Basic preventive measures:

Clean hands. They need to be washed not only before eating, this is a mandatory procedure after visiting public places and the street, after using the toilet, after playing with animals, even if they live in an apartment and are considered clean. Hands should be washed after touching them with raw foods: meat, fish, eggs, before cooking.
Raw animal products always contain all sorts of bacteria. Because of this, they should not be consumed in this form, especially eggs, which are the cause of salmonellosis. They must undergo heat treatment.
Fruits and vegetables are well washed and poured with boiling water, greens are thoroughly washed in running water.
Do not leave meat and fish for defrosting in an open place, it is better to leave them in advance for thawing in the refrigerator, or if there is a microwave, defrost products in the appropriate mode.
Any products that remain on the table must be covered with a lid, a napkin.
Fry the meat and semi-finished products from it until the redness disappears - this is a guarantee that the bacteria will surely die.
Do not use swollen and "wrong" in appearance canned food.
Cuts or ulcers on the hands - an occasion to cook food with gloves, they can also become a source of infection.
In the living room, and in food storage areas, it is important to combat harmful insects and rodents.

And the main thing to remember your health and the health of your children is a serious responsibility, and the way you yourself relate to this issue is absorbed by the children themselves - they will not wash their hands after the street if you yourself do not. Therefore, it is important to keep clean and accustom the younger generation to this.

Food poisoning in a child is not uncommon. Intoxications in children are diagnosed more often than in adults. How does poisoning occur in a baby, how is it possible to help him?

Reasons and features

Food poisoning - intoxication resulting from eating poor quality food with the presence of pathogens or their toxins. Food intoxication is divided into two types.

Types:

Infectious. It occurs as a result of the penetration of harmful bacteria into the body and the spread of their toxic waste.
Non-infectious. A similar type of overdose occurs as a result of eating poisonous plants, berries, vegetables and fruits, drugs

Why is it possible to develop unpleasant symptoms?

Factors:

Expired Products
Disapproved cooked dishes,
Poorly washed or processed fruits and vegetables,
Improper food storage.

Most often, poisoning in children occurs in the summer and in the first month of autumn. Toddlers are more prone to various diseases than adults. Food intoxications in children have certain characteristics and are able to proceed in a more severe form than in an adult.

Why harder:

The liver is not sufficiently developed and is not able to get rid of toxins in full,
The gastric secretion has a low acidity, which opens up access to the body of pathological microorganisms,
Intestinal microflora is not fully formed, subject to frequent disturbances,
In childhood, the kidneys are not able to filter negative substances in full.

These factors lead to the fact that in children poisoning develops more often and is more difficult with the occurrence of adverse effects.

Manifestations of poisoning and stage

How does food poisoning manifest in children? What are parents advised to pay attention to in time to provide the child with the required assistance?

The symptomatology of poisoning develops quite quickly, often the first signs appear after half an hour after poisoning. The child has nausea, vomiting, poor health, pain in the abdomen and head.

There are several stages of the development of food poisoning. Each of them is characterized by the presence of certain symptoms.

Stages:

Lack of symptoms. This stage lasts from half an hour to a day after taking a poor-quality product. The baby may have apathy, weakness, lack of appetite, increased sweating.
The toxic substance penetrates into the blood gradually, the presence of the first symptoms of food poisoning in a child is noted.

What happens:

Nausea, vomiting,
Headache,
Dizziness,
Pallor of the epidermis,
Fever
Lack of appetite,
Pain in the abdomen
Dry skin,
Strong urge to drink
Low pressure,
Bowel disorder
The presence in the feces of blood, mucus,
Dark urine
Respiratory failure
Cramps
Coma.

Depending on the cause of the poisoning, different signs appear. The duration of this stage sometimes reaches six days.

Recovery phase. For this stage, the normalization of the functionality of the body is characteristic. For several days, unpleasant sensations persist.

The occurrence of signs of food poisoning in a child requires careful attention and a mandatory visit to a medical institution.

First aid for food poisoning in a child

If unpleasant symptoms are detected in a child, a health worker is required. Before his appearance, the baby is given first aid at home.

If the child is under the age of one, then self-medication and assistance should not be given in case of poisoning at home. For children up to three years of age, therapy is carried out in medical conditions.

What to do:

The baby is provided with peace, laid on its side, made sure that it does not choke on vomit,
In the presence of vomiting, it does not stop, so that the body gets rid of the toxic substance on its own,
Gastric lavage is carried out using warm water with a dissolved spoon of soda (the drug is not used in babies under five years old),
The gag reflex is provoked by pressing the root of the tongue,
After cleansing the stomach, a small patient is given - Smecta, Enterosgel.

After conducting first aid in case of poisoning, the patient is taken to a medical institution for further treatment.

Further treatment at home

If the poisoning is mild and occurs in a child over the age of three years, then treatment is allowed at home. It includes a set of actions that help to quickly normalize the functionality of all systems.

Actions:

To normalize the water-salt balance in the body, it is recommended to give the victim a remedy. It is recommended to use the product one to two tablespoons every ten minutes. In the absence of the drug, it is allowed to use a folk recipe - sugar, salt and soda are mixed in a liter of water in a ratio of 2/1/1. Ready drink is offered to the child in small portions, but often.
The use of sorbents for poisoning to quickly remove toxins from the body is a necessity. Such substances help reduce the absorption of the poison and contribute to its elimination. In childhood, it is allowed to use,.
After the termination of the vomiting reflex, it is allowed to take medications with probiotics. Medicines will help restore intestinal microflora, normalize digestion, and accelerate recovery. Kids are allowed to give Linex, Acipol.

When treating at home, there are some limitations.

Limitations:

You can’t use antibiotics on your own,
Before taking sorbents, it is recommended to consult with a medical professional,
Conduct self-treatment in children under three years of age,
Use anti-emetics and medicines to treat diarrhea for treatment.

Proper treatment at home leads to a quick recovery.

Drinking and nutrition for intoxication

Food poisoning is accompanied by diarrhea and vomiting, which leads to dehydration. Replenishment of the required amount of fluid is a necessity with such intoxications. It is recommended that the child be given more fluids in small portions.

What can be:

Rosehip broth,
Rice broth
Weak tea
Still water
Medicines aimed at restoring water and salt balance.

The amount of fluid is calculated based on the weight of the small patient - up to 200 ml is required per kilogram of weight. Water regimen is observed until the termination of vomiting and diarrhea.

When poisoning, adhere to a special diet. All foods that can cause stomach irritation are removed from the diet. The first few hours after the first aid procedures can not be eaten. Gradually switch to sparing nutrition - products should be grated, not greasy, not fried and not smoked. The baby should eat up to seven times a day in small portions. Bread and milk products are prohibited.

Poisoning, overdose, nausea, vomiting, or heartburn?
There is an exit - Monastic Tea - Gastric This tea helped me a lot, so I recommend you.

Many parents wonder what to feed the child during the recovery period. What can I eat?
It is permissible to include vegetable broths, liquid cereals, mashed boiled meat, puree without milk in the diet. Dairy products will be useful, they have a beneficial effect on the condition of the stomach and intestines. This is what you can eat the baby after poisoning.

Proper nutrition is observed for a couple of weeks. Sweets, smoked meats, fried foods, marinades, raw vegetables and fruits are not allowed.

Intoxication Prevention Methods

Food poisoning in a child gives a lot of negative feelings. To avoid such cases, it is recommended to adhere to certain preventive actions.

Actions:

Children need to be accustomed to hygiene, washing their hands more often,
Prepare food in clean rooms, in clean dishes and clean equipment,
Handle fruits and vegetables, meat well,
Do not give children food with blood (steaks),
Monitor expiration date on products,
Keep an eye on your child, avoid eating suspicious foods and dishes.

Food poisoning in a child is diagnosed quite often. Parents should not panic, they need to provide first aid to the affected child and visit a medical facility. Avoid food intoxication is possible with the observance of preventive measures.

Video from Dr. Komarovsky about baby food poisoning

Such an ailment as a cold or SARS, everyone knows - both children and adults. Runny nose and cough, chills, aching muscles, and fever. All these symptoms indicate the presence of acute viral infection. Viral diseases are dangerous not only due to complications of the upper respiratory tract that appear after the illness. During the height of the disease itself or after it, often the body does not withstand the load. In some cases, infection of vital organs causes an intoxication syndrome.

Intoxication syndrome manifests itself differently in each person, but the passage of a viral infection worsens significantly. What are the symptoms of intoxication with acute respiratory viral infections in children and adults? How to relieve intoxication of the body and help it reduce the harmful effects of the disease?

Infectious diseases are most often accompanied by symptoms of general intoxication. SARS is no exception. Fever, constant headache, joint pain, body aches, vomiting and nausea are symptoms of toxic damage to the body that explain a person’s poor health.

Such complaints, expressed to a certain extent, are caused by almost all common seasonal viruses. But the clear leader is the flu.

In addition to the above complaints, as a rule, there are:

g tinning;
general weakness;
muscle pain;
loss of taste and loss of appetite;
lowering blood pressure.

In 50% of cases with acute respiratory viral infections, these symptoms are ahead of the typical manifestations of a cold: sore throat, cough, runny nose. During severe illness, it may appear toxic shock, which is accompanied by a sharp decrease in blood pressure.

Causes of intoxication

Almost all systems and organs in the human body are exposed to toxic infections, but the central nervous system is most affected. Especially difficult is the intoxication of the body by children, especially small ones. They have not yet fully formed the mechanisms of resistance to the disease. Viral particles can cause intoxication directly., the decay products of human body cells infected with the disease and macrophages - immune defense cells. The result of the toxic effects of this is the effect of pathogenic active biological substances on vascular tissue, this leads to edema and an increase in its permeability.

Complicated passage of body intoxication

Deterioration after temporary stabilization, lack of effect from the treatment performed or prolonged fever are alarming symptoms of complications, especially during the flu. A high probability of developing an infectious toxic shock, which is accompanied by respiratory and cardiovascular failure, acute infection of the central nervous system in the form of cerebral edema and seizures, bleeding disorder.

How to remove intoxication at home?

The intensity of therapeutic measures will depend directly on the severity of intoxication of the body. In mild situations, which almost always occur with a certain type of SARS, treatment can be performed at home. The treatment algorithm looks like this.

Mode

Provide peace to the patient. Recommended half bed or bed rest with the restriction of watching TV and full sleep. The room in which the patient is located must be periodically ventilated. This will reduce the concentration of viral microparticles and intoxication products in the air, which are released with sweat and inhaled with air. The patient can be in the room - he only needs to be well covered. When the air is dry, which is most often the case in winter in heated rooms, wet towels can be hung on radiators. If money allows, then buy a special humidifier.

Diet

In case of intoxication, heavy fried and fatty foods are prohibited. The best option is milk and plant dietsparing liver and gastrointestinal tract. It is necessary to limit the consumption of meat food. Preference should be given to cottage cheese products and cereal dishes. Do not get involved in dishes of complex culinary processing, as well as sweets. Very important sparing attitude to the liver, since this organ is the main tool in the body for the removal of toxins of various origins during intoxication.

If the patient refuses to eat, do not need to force-feed him, it is better provide a person with enough fluid. A good folk remedy that strengthens the forces in the body is chicken low-fat broth, which you can just drink. Together with the broth, you can offer a dried piece of bread.

With the help of an adequate water load, you can independently cope with toxins without resorting to pharmacy products. Compotes and fruit drinks from dried and frozen berries, dried fruits, even simple purified drinking water cope well with the tasks. Decoctions and infusions of dried fruits have diuretic properties, and also contain the necessary trace elements.

Broths of wild rose, viburnum, raspberry and linden help to reduce intoxication and have a pronounced diaphoretic property. The use of warm mineral waters will additionally contribute to liquefaction of the pathological discharge and sputum from the nose. Water must be non-carbonated! For an adult, the volume of water load must reach at least 2 liters.

Drug treatment for intoxication

To do this, prescribe antiviral agents that affect the virus itself (Lavomax, Remavir, Arbidol). The second group of medicines is stimulators of the body's synthesis of its interferon (mefenamic acid).

Prescribing antibiotics yourself is strictly not recommended.. This group of drugs is necessary only if there are symptoms of bacterial complications. Their unreasonable use depletes immunity and causes the body's resistance to this treatment in the future.

Naturally, elevated temperatures exacerbate poor health. However, fever is a protective reaction of the body. During high temperatures, interferon, which is involved in immune reactions, begins to be produced intensely.

Sorbents can help eliminate toxins: white coal, Enterosgel, Polysorb, Atoxil. You can even purchase simple activated carbon.

Recently, complex agents for symptomatic treatment have gained great popularity, which in their composition have ascorbic acid, paracetamol or anti-allergic substances - phenylephrine and pheniramine. They are sold under various brand names: Teraflu, Fairwax, Coldrex, etc.

Their main advantages:

Dosages are selected taking into account the main indication: ARVI treatment.
Quickly remove the unpleasant symptoms of influenza and other colds: fever, aches, nasal congestion, sore throat and muscle pain.
Convenient form of production in the form of a hot drink with a pleasant aftertaste. Allows you to perform treatment comfortably even at work and take one remedy instead of three.

An important role belongs to ascorbic acid - vitamin C. It reduces the effects of edema and reduces the permeability of the vascular wall.

Treatment for intoxication of the body using alternative methods

Treatment must be comprehensive, in addition to developing a diet and taking medications, you can add folk remedies. Decoctions and infusions based on medicinal herbs will accelerate the release of toxic elements from the body. Consider the most popular recipes that are time-tested:

Poisoning can be cured with rosehip broth. To cook it, you need to add 50 g in one liter of clean water. berries and cook for 3 hours. Filter the broth, rearrange the container in a warm place, and let it brew for another 5 hours. Then bring the infusion to a boil, add 50 g of honey to the treatment composition. This mixture is taken in the morning and evening at 200 ml.
Great help decoction of viburnumTo cook it, you need to fill in 50 g of a liter of water. berries (fruits can be replaced with leaves of viburnum in an amount of 100 g.). Bringing this mixture to a boil, it is kept on low heat for one hour, filtered and cooled. Reception is performed between meals, throughout the day it is necessary to completely drink the volume of the prepared composition.
Against intoxication, aloe leaves can be used. The leaves of this plant are cut off a day before the preparation of the composition and placed in the refrigerator, wrapped in a film. After 300 gr. the plants are finely chopped, honey is added in a volume of 200 g., mixed and allowed to infuse the composition for an attraction of a week. Apply before meals 50 g.
At home, tincture, which is made from blackcurrant leaves, can help cope with the elimination of toxins. To create a product, the leaves of black currant are finely chopped, transferred to a half-liter bottle, vodka solution is added (water and vodka are taken in equal parts). The jar is tightly corked, rearranged in a dark place, the composition is ready for use in three days. To obtain a single dose of the medicinal composition, 100 ml of water is mixed with 20 drops of the product. It is necessary to use the medicine for half an hour before eating in the morning and evening. It must be borne in mind that this recipe is contraindicated in children and pregnant women.
In the summer, watermelon can help improve the condition, its peels must be washed, cut into small pieces, transferred to a container, adding for every 100 grams. peels a liter of water. Boil all this for one hour. After the peel is removed, juice is added to the composition, which is squeezed from 2 lemons. The medicine is taken in any volume.

How to return to normal life?

When the main course of therapy is completed, the sick-list is closed, a person quite often continues to experience loss of appetite and weakness. There may be slight increases in temperature in the evening - these are the so-called temperature “tails”.

How to restore strength and alleviate the condition? The following recommendations may be taken into account:

A multivitamin course is useful or just a complete diet, balanced for all the main components of the daily menu: carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The diet is obliged to itself include the required amount of fruits and vegetables - sources of vitamins.
During the fight against infection, the liver experiences a very high load. You can perform a course of rehabilitation treatment with hepatoprotectors for a month. This group of herbal remedies reduces the effects of intoxication.

The fight against intoxication of the body, which causes a deterioration in well-being and many unpleasant symptoms, the right antiviral therapy is the key to successful treatment and prevention of the grave consequences most dangerous for weak patients and children.

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