The human cardiovascular system has a rather complex structure, which includes many arteries, veins and other organs. Its central link is the heart, providing uninterrupted blood transportation to all organs and human systems. Such a structure ensures the normal functioning of the body and is laid by nature itself. However, various cardiovascular diseases are capable of violating the natural order of things that will inevitably affect health.
The main causes of the development of cardiovascular diseases
For normal functioning, the human circulatory system must constantly be under load that stimulates her work. Otherwise, it gradually falls in decline, which is fraught with the development of various pathological conditions. Cardiovascular diseases are one of them, and their education can cause serious harm to human health.
To date, there is a fairly large list of diseases related to the category of cardiovascular. All of them have their own characteristics and nature of the flow, violating the work of certain bodies. Myocarditis or rheumatism affect the heart. Fleaters or atherosclerosis are veins and arteries.
There are also such varieties that affect the entire system as a whole. The bright example of this state is arterial hypertension, leading to a violation of the tone of vessels and increasing their fragility. However, sometimes carry out a clear line between similar states is rather difficult, since one disease at different stages can influence the first artery, and after the work of the heart.
The reasons for the emergence and development of diseases of the cardiovascular system are diverse, but most often the formation of such problems contributes to the following factors:
- increased triglyceride content and cholesterol in blood;
- high blood pressure;
- presence of bad habits;
- lack of physical exertion;
- sedentary work;
- increased body weight;
- diabetes;
- systematic stress;
- depression;
- age;
- hereditary predisposition.
The criteria above will not necessarily lead to the development of the pathologies of the cardiovascular system. However, their presence significantly increases the risk of their formation and significantly affects human well-being.
Main clinical symptoms for diseases of the cardiovascular system Symptoms of cardiovascular diseases
The diseases of the blood system of the person are quite diverse. Each of them has its own characteristic features and has a different effect on the body. However, there are some signs similar to all similar diseases, and their presence makes it possible to diagnose the problem and affect its course. They look like this:
- pain in the chest area;
- heart palpitations;
- heart rate violation;
- dyspnea;
- high swelling;
- impairment of pigmentation of skin;
- headaches;
- dizziness.
The identification of such symptoms speaks of the development of the pathological process, which affected the work of the heart or blood vessels. At the same time, if the periodic appearance of a single feature does not necessarily indicate the presence of a problem of this nature, the simultaneous manifestation of several of them requires immediate appeal to the doctor.
Ignoring such symptoms will not help solve the problem, but, on the contrary, will lead to the exacerbation of the situation. Thus, a small dysfunction in the work of the vessels, when ignoring the manifestation of the problem, is able to grow into atherosclerosis, which is a much more serious disease.
Treatment of heart disease and vessels: surgical intervention
Treatment of cardiovascular diseases is multicomponent and based on the use of various techniques. The composition and main directions of the integrated impact should only be determined by the doctor. It is he who, on the basis of symptoms, an external inspection, a conversation with sick and analyzes, selects the optimal treatment plan, and also determines its components.
However, sometimes a person enters the hospital in such a state when the slightest delay can cost him life. In such cases, doctors resort to the most complicated methods of treatment implying surgical intervention. To date, the most often cardiac surgeons are forced to carry out the following operations:
- coronary shunting;
- heart transplantation;
- removal of aneurysm;
- operations on the valves;
- bentalla operation;
- operation "Labyrinth".
Surgical intervention is an extreme measure and is carried out in the case when the patient is treated with another way is not possible. At the same time, to such manipulations, it is necessary to resort in the most launched cases when the symptoms of the problem was ignored during a long time and the disease led to the development of complications.
Use of medicines and their classification
Medical treatment is the most justified and makes it possible to avoid aggravation of the problem. There is a huge amount of drugs, the appointment of which is the restoration of the cardiovascular system. In this case, each of them is narrowly controlled and is responsible for restoring the functioning of a particular sector.
Based on this, when eliminating heart rate failures, the doctor prescribes several drugs designed to normalize the speed and rate of contractions, and to overcome the consequences of the stroke a completely different list of drugs. In general, the following medicines are used to overcome symptoms of diseases of the cardiovascular system:
- antiarrhythmic drugs;
- cardiotonic;
- vasodilators;
- beta adrenoblocators;
- antagonists of type 2 angiotensin receptors;
- antihypertensive agents;
- diuretic;
- peripheral vasodilators;
- angioprotectors;
- heart glycosides;
- calcium channel blockers;
- preparations affecting the renin angiotensin system;
- hydolipidemic agents.
Such categories of drugs include 10-15 different components that are sufficiently specific. Their appointment is made on the basis of the diagnosed disease and the severity of its symptoms.
Physiotherapeutic procedures
The role of physiotherapy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is difficult to overestimate. Their positive effect on the rehabilitation process is clinically proven. Under this purpose, physiotherapy is the removal of voltage in vessels and improved blood circulation, which is achieved as a result of muscle relaxation. Such methods include:
- massotherapy;
- relaxing baths;
- infrared radiation;
- ultra-tonotherapy;
- local barotherapy;
- acupuncture.
The effectiveness of these techniques for each specific case may be different. However, most often in the presence of problems in the work of the circulatory system are assigned precisely massage. Its use has a beneficial effect on muscle fibers, contributing to the development of reactive and working hyperemia, which has a stimulating effect on peripheral and coronary blood circulation.
ethnoscience
Alternative medicine in diseases of the cardiovascular system is rather auxiliary means and is aimed at securing the result from the main treatment. Folk remedies provide an opportunity to improve the condition of the whole organism and are to use various healing herbs and fees. First of all, their action is aimed at relaxing muscular structures, stabilization of blood pressure and extension of vessels. To achieve such qualities, use:
- yarrow;
- valerian;
- heather;
- ginseng;
- malodeka three-lines;
- peppermint;
- chamomile mother-in-law;
The above-mentioned funds have a mass of positive qualities, and their use for the treatment of diseases of the circulatory system accelerates the restoration of the body and increases the effectiveness of the main therapy. However, before applying such funds, it should be consulted with a specialist, since they all have their own characteristics and in imperative use can cause harm to organize.
The role of therapeutic physical education
Therapeutic physical education in cardiovascular diseases plays a huge role. Thanks to systematic sports and medical gymnastics, there is a significant strengthening of myocardium, increasing its functionality and improved blood circulation.
Permanent physical activity contributes to improved blood flow, providing organs with oxygen and increasing the elasticity of vessels, the walls of which are cleaned of cholesterol and acquire pristine purity. As a result, the likelihood of the formation of thromboms and the development of atherosclerotic plaques, which are among the main causes of cardiovascular diseases, is significantly reduced.
However, physical exertion with such a disease should be used with caution, in order not to harm the patient. Based on this, the intensity and duration of workouts are selected individually based on the state of the patient, as well as his well-being.
Preventive actions
Prevention of diseases of the vessels and hearts is aimed at consolidating the result achieved and to prevent the repeated development of the pathological process. To strengthen the circulatory system, a whole range of activities is used, the execution of which is guaranteed, will bring a positive result and will prevent problems of this kind in the future. These strengthening factors look like this:
- proper nutrition;
- refusal of bad habits (alcohol, smoking);
- control over body weight;
- avoiding stress;
- active lifestyle
- good.
All these simple events and their observance make it possible not only to restore the functioning of the cardiovascular system, but also make the whole body tighter and rustier. What a favorable affects the well-being of a person and his attitude to life.
Conclusion
Cardiovascular diseases are a serious problem covering an increasing number of people around the world. The reasons for their development are banal and grow from the modern style of life, in which there is practically no space for physical exertion. At the same time, the presence of such diseases can significantly complicate the life of a person, and their treatment requires the fulfillment of a whole complex of events. However, timely appeal for medical help makes it possible to avoid progression of diseases, and preventive measures will not allow their appearance to appear.
Cardiovascular diseases - diseases of blood circulation organs at the beginning of the 20th century occupied no more than a few percent in the structure of the pathology of the population. Back in the 50s. According to a mass examination of more than 50 cities and areas of rural areas of the Russian Federation, they occupied the 10th - 11th place in the ranking of diseases. Approximately the same position was abroad. In the future, the changed lifestyle of the population, industrialization, urbanization with psycho-emotional stress and other risk factors of a civilized society, as well as the improved diagnosis of IBS, GB and other lesions sharply increased the share of blood circulation organs. Today, CSS diseases are in the first place for the reasons for disability and mortality of the Russian Federation.
Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertensive disease (GB), atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease (IBS) are the so-called group of "social diseases", i.e. The culprits of these diseases are the achievements of civilization of humanity, and the reasons are:
1. Chronic stress;
2.Gype machine - small mobility;
3.Full body weight due to irrational nutrition;
4.Tabokocuria.
Hypertonic disease- This is a state of persistent increase in blood pressure. According to the WHO nomenclature for the hypertension indicator (from Greek. Hiper + Tonos - over + voltage) is considered the value of 160 mm Hg. Art. and above for systolic (the greatest value during the reduction of the heart muscle) and 95 mm Hg. Art. And above for diastolic (the smallest value during the period of heart relaxation) pressure.
The main cause of GB is neuropsychic overvoltage. And hazardous consequences - the walls of the blood vessels due to the high pressure in them. If this happens in the thickness of the heart muscle, then this is a heart attack, and if in the substance of the brain - stroke.
Atherosclerosis (from Greek. ATHERE + SCLEROSIS - Cashier + seal, hardening) - is the defeat of the arteries (blood vessels, according to which the blood enriched with oxygen, from the heart to organs and tissues by a large circulation circle), in which numerous arises on their inner surface Yellowish plaques containing a large amount of fat substances, especially cholesterol and its esters.
The essence of atherosclerosis is reduced to the fact that cholesterol in the form of lipid spots is deposited on the inner wall of the vessels, and then in the form of plaques that act in the clearance of the arteries. Over time, the plaques germinate with a connective tissue (sclerized), the wall of the vessels is damaged over them and thrombus may form in this area. Sometimes the plaques themselves can completely climb the clearance of the vessel, which leads to the cessation of cell power around it. If this happens in the thickness of the heart muscle, it is called - a heart attack, if in the brain substance, ischemic (from Greek. ISC + Haima - delay, deficiency + local anemia) stroke (from lat. Insulto - row, attack, hit).
Cholesterol - We need our body for: Constructing the cell membranes, the formation of bile, the synthesis of sex hormones, producing vitamin D. Only 20% of cholesterol enter the body with food products, and 80% are produced by them (in the liver). Ischemic heart disease - the defeat of the heart muscle (myocardium) caused by the disorder of the coronary (inside the heart muscle) of blood circulation. The main forms of the IBS are angina (breasting toad), myocardial infarction (a piece of dead tissue in the thickness of the heart muscle) and post-infarction cardiosclerosis (the scar arising from heart after healing of infarction wrecks).
The first step of IHS is angina, which manifests itself in a patient with the withdrawal pains of the grain, compressing or burning character, which can be given to the left shoulder, shovel, remind of heartburn. The chest is the bone located in the middle of the front surface of the chest to which the ribs are attached. It covers his heart, located in the middle of the chest, and only a small portion - the top, protrudes because of it on the left. If you feel the pain of a stitching nature in the field of the heart, then they do not have relationships to the CUCT - it is manifestations of neurosis.
The pain under angina signals us that the heart muscle lacks oxygen. When working the muscles of the heart, like any other, the decay product is formed - lactic acid, which should be washed out of it with sufficient blood. But if the vessel is amazed atherosclerotic blush, and also compressed as a result of the blood pressure, the amount of blood passing on it is reduced, and even can completely stop. Any acid, acting on the nerve endings, causes pain, burning.
With myocardial infarction Due to the cessation of oxygen access to cardiac tissue, muscle, at the site of occlusion (vessel blockage), eliminating it. But this process is not developing immediately, but after 2-4 hours from the beginning of the heart attack.
Stroke, "Brain Blow" - acute violation of cerebral circulation in hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc. It is manifested by headache, vomiting, disorder of consciousness, paralysis, etc.
Stroke is currently becoming the main socio-medical problem of neurology. Every year in the world, cerebral stroke tolerate about 6 million people, and in Russia - more than 450 thousand, that is, every 1.5 minutes of someone from Russians is developing this disease. In large megalopolis of Russia, the number of sharp strokes is from 100 to 120 per day. Early 30-day mortality after a stroke is 35%, about 50% of patients die during the year.
A stroke is currently one of the main reasons for the disability of the population. Less than 20% of the patients survived after cerebral stroke can return to the former work. Among all types of stroke are dominated by ischemic brain lesions. Ischemic strokes make up 70-85% of cases, hemorrhages in the brain - 20-25. Stroke is the second "killer" after myocardial infarction.
Risk factors for the development of stroke serve: Genetic predisposition to vascular diseases of the brain, body metabolic disorders, hypertension, obesity, insufficient physical activity, smoking, patient age, repeated stress and long-term neuropsychiatric overvoltage.
Strokes can be classified by the nature of the flow. The least dangerous stroke is a transient ischemic stroke, or a small stroke, which is caused by a short-term violation of the cerebral circulation. The progressive stroke first causes very small changes in the nervous system, and after 1-2 days there is a deterioration. With an extensive stroke, the nervous system has been experiencing a strong "blow" from the very beginning. The earlier the patient appeals to the doctor and starts treatment, the more favorable forecast.
Chinese medicine considers diseases of the cardiovascular system as a violation of the passage of energy (excess or disadvantage) in the heart meridian, blood circulation meridian, and associated meridians of the small intestine, the meridian of the endocrine system, the liver meridian, the meridian of the spleen / pancreas, the meridian of the kidneys and the lung meridians .
Meridian Heart refers to the system of manual inisk meridians, pair. The direction of energy in the Meridian centrifugal. Maximum activity of the Meridian Hearts from 11Do 13 hours (at this time it is recommended to engage in physical work), the time of minimum activity from 23 to 1 hour.
According to the canons of ancient East medicine, the meridian of the heart - a functional system that affects mainly on the functional state of blood circulation and hearts. In addition, the ancient canons argue that mental activity, consciousness and emotions are under the control of the heart. A person stays to those cheerful and cheerful while his heart is great. The deterioration of the heart leads to small activity, irritability, lethargy, indecision, etc. In connection with these points, the heart of the heart is the main importance in the treatment of various kinds of emotional-stress disorders, neurosis, depression and some other functional diseases. Akupressur in these cases gives "to improve the mental state of a person and the calmness of the heart." Eastern doctors believe that the language is a heart mirror, and the face is a reflection of his condition. " The heart also affects the condition of the eyes and ears. A pleasant "fire, raging in the heart," makes a man with a temper, and "lowering the energy of the heart" is accompanied by a deterioration of hearing.
Circulation of blood in the arteries and veins is the result of the interaction of Energies Yang and Yin. Heart pulsations, felt in the arteries, are due to the system of blood circulation itself. All life processes proceed as rhythmic alternation of stresses and relaxation (relaxation). Blood moves from the lungs, where it is enriched with oxygen, it acquires a bright red color and is filled with Yang energy, to the subtle intestine, where it gives oxygen and is saturated with Yin's energy.
The flow of blood flow is controlled by Yang and Yin, which are associated with two opposing organs- light and small intestines, representing two poles of energy. Heart is not beating without blood flow. As oxygen saturated and depleted blood moves through the heart, causing its abbreviation and subsequent relaxation.
Changing the rhythm of the heart is felt by all body, it is manifested in all organic processes, driving and existing their rhythms. From here, the provisions of the ancient medicine - the heart meridian controls the arteries between the lungs and the small intestines and the "light driven by heart".
Meridian blood circulation (pericardium) and sexual function manages the main circulation of "vitality" (QU energy), providing the connection and joint work of the internal organs. It also performs the function of protection against penetration of pathogenic microbes. As meridian himself and its internal organs are closely connected with the heart. Both meridians and heart have the same external signs of impending danger, they use similar mechanisms to ensure optimal functioning and begin in the same part of the chest. Exercising general control over the regulation of circulating the energy of Qi in the entire vascular system, the meridian also provides the energy of the genitals for their satisfactory functioning.
The maximum activity of the pericardium meridian from 19 to 21 hours. By this time, Chinese doctors recommend complete physical exertion and go to mental classes.
Heart S. positions of Chinese medicine and the theory of five elements as the basis of all the existing (including the human body) belongs to the fire element. Heart emotion - joy, color - red.
The heart manages the activities of all organs, and therefore in Chinese medicine it is called "an official who leads the rulers." If the spirit of the heart is broken, then the person becomes restless, he suffers from insomnia or heavy dreams, he has forgetfulness, inattention - up to a violation of consciousness.
Diseases of the heart can lead pathologies in any organ. The most common violation syndrome in the cardiovascular system is "heat in the liver and stagnation of the blood of the liver." This heat rises up, and this, in turn, leads to an increase in blood pressure, to tachycardia.
In patients with "liver heat and stagnation of the blood of the liver" inflamed red eyes and a red face.
Another common syndrome syndrome is associated with the kidneys. Hypertension caused by kidney pathology is also known in European medicine. In Eastern tradition, this syndrome is called the "emptiness of the kidney energy".
You can call qi energy of life circulating through the channels of the body. The syndromes of completeness and voids qi indicate a violation of the harmony of human life and, consequently, about the disease.
The "Empty Energy Energy Energy" syndrome has a second figurative name "Water kidneys does not fill the fire of the heart." The kidneys who in the system of Chinese medicine are considered the "first mother of the body", lacking energy, the harmony of life is disturbed. The result is tachycardia, heart rate disorders, an increase in blood pressure.
Another common heart disease syndrome is associated with the pathology of the spleen. With incorrect meals, addictions to oily, sweet, raw and cold food, the spleen and stomach are damaged to alcohol, dampness accumulates. "The mucus, which the spleen produces, scores the heart and brain"
In addition to other cardiac manifestations of the syndrome, in this case the brain fortue is closed, "the person is confused, in difficult cases - up to nonsense.
The "voids of blood" syndrome is close to the European diagnosis "iron deficiency anemia".
Thus, the diseases of the cardiovascular system can be treated with complex, applying Eastern Medicine methods and the methods of fuel and a vegetative-resonant test based on them. This approach is carried out in the "Center for Energy Information Medicine".
Diagnostics allows you to identify the causes of cardiovascular diseases in a particular person, choose an individual recovery program:
1. Balanced nutrition for the treatment of obesity and hypercholesterolemia, drinking mode;
2.Boresonance therapy, needleflexotherapy, hirudotherapy for the treatment of "causes of organs";
3. Emotional imbalance and increase stress resistance through psychotherapy, induction programs;
4. The problem of hypodynine problem with the right exercise (LFC, Bodiflex, Oxicez, Yoga, Qi-Gong, Thai Ji).
It must be remembered that the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system and their complications is primarily in a healthy lifestyle and timely appeal to the doctor!
Diseases of the cardiovascular system are widespread among the adult population of many countries of the world and occupy a leading place in general mortality statistics. Basically, this problem affects middle and low income countries - 4 of the 5 died of cardiovascular pathology were residents of these regions. A reader who does not have medical education is at least in general, to understand what is one or another disease of the heart or blood vessels so that, if it is suspected of its development, do not lose precious time, and immediately seek medical care. In order to find out the signs of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system, read this article.
Atherosclerosis
By definition of WHO (World Health Organization), it is a constantly increased blood pressure: systolic - above 140 mm Hg. Art, diastolic - above 90 mm RT. Art. The level of blood pressure during the diagnosis should be determined as the average and more measurements with no less than two inspections of a specialist in different days.
Essential hypertension, or hypertensive disease, is an increased blood pressure in the absence of an obvious reason for increasing it. It is about 95% of all cases of arterial hypertension.
The main risk factors for this disease are the same factors that contribute to the development of the IBS and exacerbate the current of hypertensive disease. The following pathology associated with it:
- diabetes;
- the diseases of the brain vessels are ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, (TIA);
- heart disease - myocardial infarction, angina, heart failure;
- kidney disease - diabetic nephropathy ,;
- diseases of peripheral arteries;
- pathology of retina - swelling of the optic nerve disc, hemorrhage, exudates.
If a patient suffering from hypertension does not receive therapy that contributes to a decrease in blood pressure, the disease progresses, and more often there are hypertensive crises that sooner or later cause all sorts of complications:
- acute hypertensive;
- pulmonary edema;
- myocardial infarction or unstable angina;
- stroke or transient ischemic attack;
- aortic bundle;
- eclampsia - in pregnant women.
Secondary, or symptomatic, arterial hypertension is a persistent increase in blood pressure, the cause of which can be clarified. It accounts for only 5% of cases of arterial hypertension.
Of the diseases leading to the increase in pressure are most often diagnosed:
- kidney tissue lesions;
- adrenal tumors;
- diseases of the renal arteries and aortic (coarctation);
- pathology of the central nervous system (brain tumor, polynevrit);
- (polycythemia);
- pathology of the thyroid gland (-, -, hyperparathyroidism) and other diseases.
Complications of this type of arterial hypertension are the same as in hypertension, plus complications of the underlying disease that provoked hypertension.
Heart failure
A common pathological condition that is not an independent disease, but there is a consequence, the outcome of other sharp and chronic heart disease. With this state, due to changes in the heart, its pumping function is disturbed - the heart is not able to provide all organs and tissues with blood.
Complications of heart failure are:
- arrhythmias;
- congestion;
- thromboembolism;
- chronic renal failure (the so-called "stagnant kidney");
- cardiac cachexia (exhaustion);
- disorders of cerebral circulation.
Acquired heart defects
Acquired heart defects occur about 1-10 people per 1000 population, depending on the region of residence, and make up about 20% of all lesions of the heart of organic nature.
The main reason for the development of the acquired heart defects is the rheumatic damage of the valves: 70-80% of all vices is the pathology of the mitral valve, the second place in the frequency of the lesion belongs to the aortic valve, the stenosis and / or failure of the three-risk valve and the pulmonary artery valve are relatively rapidly diagnosed.
This pathology suffers from the individuals of different age groups. Each 2nd patient with heart disease needs surgical treatment.
The essence of the disease lies in the fact that under the influence of etiological factors, the heart valves lose the ability to function normally:
- stenosis is a narrowing of the valve, as a result of which it does not pass enough blood, and the organs lack oxygen, or hypoxia;
- insufficiency - valve flaps are not fully closed, as a result of which the blood is thrown out of the part of the heart, located below, to the part located above; The result is the same - organs and tissues of the body are not allowed to be the vital oxygen, and their function is disturbed.
Complications of heart defects are a variety of states, among which are most often encouraged, infectious broncho-pulmonary complications, chronic blood circulation failure, atrial fibrillation, thromboembolism and others.
Clinically myocarditis is manifested by the attacks of the stunned pain, signs of the pathology of the valves, symptoms of arrhythmias, circulatory disorders. May proceed asymptomatic.
The forecast for a given disease depends on the severity of its flow: light and medium-free forms, as a rule, are completed by the full recovery of the patient within 12 months after the start of the disease, heavy can lead to sudden death, refractory insufficiency of blood circulation and thromboembolic complications.
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is independent, steadily progressive forms of damage to the heart muscle of unclear or controversial etiology. For 2 years from some forms of this disease, in the absence of symptoms, about 15% of patients dies, with the presence of appropriate symptom diseases - up to 50%. The cause of death is 2-4% of adults, as well as the main cause of the sudden death of young athletes.
Probably causes of cardiomyopathy are:
- heredity;
- infection;
- metabolic diseases, in particular, glycogeniasis;
- the lack of some substances in the diet, in particular Selena, Tiamine;
- pathology of the endocrine system (diabetes mellitus, acromegaly);
- neuromuscular pathology (muscular dystrophy);
- the effect of toxic substances - alcohol, drugs (cocaine), some medicines (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin);
- blood system diseases (some types of anemia, thrombocytopenia).
Clinically cardiomyopathy is manifested by all sorts of symptoms of the heart function: attacks of angina, fainting, palpitations, shortness of breath, heart rate disorders.
Especially dangerous cardiomyopathy with an increased risk of sudden death.
Pericarditis
- This is the inflammation of the heaven leaflets - pericardium - infectious or non-infectious etiology. Purses of pericardia are replaced by a fibrous cloth, an exudate is accumulated in cavity. Pericarditis is divided into dry and exudative, acute and chronic.
Clinically manifests itself by pain in the chest, shortness of breath, fever, pain in the muscles, combined with signs of the underlying disease.
The most formidable complication of the pericarditis is a tamponade of the heart - the accumulation of fluid (inflammatory or blood) between the pericardis sheets, which prevents normal reductions in the heart.
Infectious endocarditis
It is an inflammatory lesion of valve structures, followed by the spread to other organs and systems resulting from the introduction of a bacterial infection in the structure of the heart. This disease is the 4th to significantly the cause of the death of patients from infectious pathology.
In recent years, the incidence rate of infectious endocarditis has increased significantly, which is associated with the wider distribution of operational interventions on the heart. It may arise at any age, but most often suffer from their face from 20 to 50 years. The ratio of the morbidity of men and women is approximately 2: 1.
Infectious endocarditis is a disease that is potentially lifelong for life, so the timely diagnosis of it, adequate, effective treatment and the rapid detection of complications are extremely important for improving the forecast.
Arrhythmia
As a rule, arrhythmia is not independent pathology, but a consequence of other heart or extraimedarial diseases. Disturbances of the heart rhythm are not individual diseases, but are manifestations or complications of any pathological conditions related to heart disease or extraimaging pathology. Maybe for a long time to flow asymptomaticly, and can be dangerous for the patient's life. There are many types of arrhythmias, but 80% of them have to extrasistol and atrial fibrillation.
Clinically arrhythmias are manifested by the feeling of interruptions in the work of the heart, dizziness, shortness of breath, weakness, feeling of fear and other unpleasant symptoms. Heavy forms of their forms can provoke the development of cardiac asthma, edema of light, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy or arrhythmic shock, as well as cause a sudden death of the patient.
To which doctor to turn
Diseases of the cardiovascular system treats a cardiologist. Often they are combined with the pathology of the endocrine glands, so the consultation of the endocrinologist and a nutritionist will be useful. Cardiac surgeons and vascular surgeon are often involved in the treatment of patients. Patients necessarily inspect a neurologist, oculist.
Video version article:
As you know, cardiovascular diseases occupy the first place among the most common and dangerous diseases of our time. There are many reasons for this, but the main one is considered the genetic predisposition and incorrect lifestyle.
Cardiovascular diseases are numerous, proceed in different ways and their origin is different. They may arise as a result of inflammatory processes, congenital defects for the development of injuries, intoxication, pathological changes in metabolic processes, as well as as a result of the reasons that are few currently studied.
However, with such a variety of causes of diseases associated with a violation of the cardiovascular system, these diseases combine common symptoms that are manifested in these pathologies. Consequently, there are general rules for recognizing the first signs of the manifestation of the disease. They need to know in order to be able to avoid complications, and sometimes the very disease of the cardiovascular system.
The mains that make it possible to talk about the pathology associated with the work of the cardiovascular system:
Pain and unpleasant feelings in the chest
The pain is one of the most frequent symptoms of diseases associated with violation of the cardiovascular system. If the pain wears burning, acute character, then the spasm of coronary vessels occurs, which leads to insufficient nutrition of the heart itself. Such pains are called angina. They can occur during exercise, low temperatures, stress. Angina appears in cases where blood flow cannot satisfy the needs of the heart muscle in oxygen. Stenzardia, or chest toad, the doctor can recognize the first handling of the patient. It is worse about the diagnosis of deviations. For the correct diagnosis, observation is necessary for the course of angina, the analysis of aspirations and surveys of the patient. Additional research is required - ECG daily monitoring (ECG recording for 24 hours).
They distinguish the walls of rest and stress angina. Stenzardia rest is not related to physical efforts, often occurs at night, has common features with a heavy attack of angina, often accompanied by a feeling of lack of air. Stenzardia is stable when the seizures arise with a more or less defined frequency and are provoked by the load of approximately the same degree, as well as unstable, in which the attack arises for the first time or the nature of the attacks is changed: they occur unexpectedly and continue longer, signs that are atypical for previous seizures ( Progressive angina). Unstable angina is dangerous in that it can lead to the development of myocardial infarction (im). Patients with such type of angina are subject to hospitalization.
No need to forget that the attack of angina may be a harbinger of coronary heart disease (IBS) and myocardial infarction. In this regard, when the first symptoms of the chest toad appear, the patient must in the near future to carry out an electrocardiographic examination, and then carry out medical supervision over the further development of angina. It is believed that such patients need hospitalization to form an accurate diagnosis, as well as for monitoring the disease. To identify deviations in the work of the heart, the high result gives the use of cardioviasor. The services provided by the site project help people independently control the dynamics of changes in the heart of the heart and to directly contact the doctor even in cases where there are no visible manifestations of the disease.
A strong prolonged pain for the sternum, which gives his left hand, neck and back is characteristic of the developing myocardial infarction. One of the most frequent causes of myocardial infarction is atherosclerosis of coronary vessels. Pains with them are often intensive in nature and there are so strong that a person can lose consciousness and he can have a shock: sharply falling the pressure, the pallor appears, there is a cold sweat.
Strong pain in the chest, with the back of the back, sometimes in the inguinal area, speaks of aneurysm, or aortic bundle.
Dull pain in the heart area, then amplifying, then weakens without distribution to other areas of the body, against the background of an increase in temperature indicates the development of pericarditis (inflammation of the cardiac bag - pericardium).
Sometimes pain may occur in the abdomen area, which indicates diseases of the vessels of the abdominal organs.
When the pulmonary artery thromboembolism (TEL), the symptoms will depend on the location and the size of the thrombus. Man will feel pain in his chest, going to the shoulder, hand, neck and jaw. Frequent satellite thromboembolism is shortness of breath. Cough and even hemoptysome can appear. The patient feels weakness, frequent heartbeat.
A stupid and short-clicking pain in the heart area, which occurs independently of movements and physical effort, without disorders of breathing and heartbeat characteristic of patients with heart neurosis (neurocirculatory dystopia by cardiac type).
Heart neurosis is a rather frequent disease of the cardiovascular system. It is connected with the tense rhythm of our life and frequent stressful situations. As a rule, this disease occurs after nervous overloads. Cardiac pains can manifest quite a long time - from several hours to several days. With this pathology, pain sensations are not associated with physical overloads, which distinguishes them from the pains during angina. The pain disappears after a person calms down and forgets the excitement transferred by him. Launched cases of neurasthenia can lead to angina.
With the neurosis of the heart, in addition to cardiovascular disorders, patients also have functional disorders of the nervous system - scattered, increased fatigue, poor sleep, anxiety, tremor limbs.
Acute chest pain can testify not only about diseases associated with violation of the work of the cardiovascular system, but also be a consequence of other diseases. These include:
Intercostal neuralgia, which is characterized by an acute, parlor, shooting pain in the course of intercostal intervals (where the nerve nerve passes). Pour points are located at the location of the nerves (on the right and to the left of the spine). With intercostal neuralgia, the skin sensitivity in the intercostal region is possible.
Shingle, the appearance of which (the beginning of the disease) is accompanied by pain, similar to intercostal neuralgia, but often more intense. In the zone of pain (in the intercreation area) there are so-called herpetic bubbles. The disease is accompanied by an increase in temperature.
Spontaneous pneumothorax, which is characterized by a sudden appearance of chest pain, and pain, accompanied by pronounced shortness of breath. This disease is typical of individuals suffering from chronic diseases of the respiratory organs (chronic bronchitis, emphysemic lungs, etc.). Sometimes there may be in people who do not suffer from listed diseases, with severe physical exertion, a strong sharp exhale.
Cardiospasm (esophagus spasm), for which, in addition to painfulness of the sternum, is characterized by a violation of swallowing and belching.
The cervical and chest radiculitis, accompanied by a strong pain associated with the movement (turns, slopes of the body, neck).
Very often, by the description of the person, the doctor can conclude about the origin of the disease. An indispensable assistant can become a cardiography that allows you to determine whether pathology is associated with the work of the cardiovascular system or not.
Strong heartbeat and feeling of interruptions in the heart
Strong heartbeat does not always mean the development of some pathology, as it may occur with the enhanced physical activity or as a result of the emotional excitation of a person, and even after the use of a large number of food.
In case of cardiovascular diseases, severe heartbeat is often manifested in the early stages of the disease. The feeling of failures in the work of the heart occurs when the heart rhythm is violated. At the same time, it seems to the person that the heart almost "pops out" from the chest, it freezes for a certain period of time.
Such symptoms of cardiovascular diseases Characteristic for tachycardia, which is accompanied by heartbeat with a distinct start and ending, the duration of which can be from a few seconds to several days. Supported tachycardia are accompanied by sweating, increased intestinal peristaltics, abundant urination at the end of the attack, a minor increase in body temperature. Prolonged attacks may be accompanied by weakness, unpleasant sensations in the field of heart, fainting. If there are diseases of the heart, then and angina, heart failure. Stomatricular tachycardia is less common and most often associated with heart disease. It leads to a violation of the blood supply to organs, as well as to heart failure. Stomatricular tachycardia can be the predecessor of the flicker of ventricles.
In the blockade of the heart, a neurotic reduction may be observed, in particular, "loss" of individual pulses or a significant slowdown in the heart rate. These symptoms can be combined with dizziness or fainting due to reduction in cardiac output.
Dyspnea
With heart disease, shortness of breath can manifest themselves in the early stages. This symptom occurs during heart failure: the heart does not work at full capacity and does not pump the required amount of blood in the blood vessels. Most often, heart failure develops as a result of atherosclerosis (deposit in atherosclerotic plaques). In the case of a light form of the disease, shortness of breath bothers with intensive physical exertion. In severe cases, shortness of breath arises at rest.
The appearance of shortness of breath can be associated with blood stagnation in a small circle circle, brainwater disorder.
Sometimes heart shortness of breath is difficult to distinguish from shortness of breath, accompanying lung disease. Both cardiac and pulmonary shortness of breath can intensify at night when a person go to bed.
In case of heart failure, a fluid delay in the body tissues is possible as a result of slowing down blood flow, which can cause the appearance of edema of the lungs and threaten the life of the patient.
Pronounced obesity that increases the weight of the thoracic wall, significantly enhances the load on the muscles involved in the respiratory process. This pathology leads to shortness of breath, which correlates with exercise. Since obesity is a risk factor for the development of the CHD and contributes to the formation of thrombus in the veins of the legs with the subsequent thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery, to tie the shortness of breath only with obesity, it is possible only if these diseases are excluded.
Not the last role in the search for the causes of shortness of breath plays in the modern world. Detrality. Diggers are tested not only patients, but also healthy people who lead a low-effective lifestyle. In case of severe physical exertion, even normal functioning left ventricles in such people cannot have time to pump all the blood entering him, which ultimately leads to a latter in a small circle of blood circulation and shortness of breath.
One of the symptoms of neurotic states is psychogenic shortness of breath, which is easy to distinguish from heart shortness of breath. People, patients with neurosis of the heart, have difficulty in respiration: they have lacking air all the time, and therefore they are forced to periodically make deep breaths. For such patients, superficial breathing, dizziness and general weakness are characteristic. Such respiratory disorders have purely neurogenic nature and are not associated with a shortness of breath, characteristic of heart or pulmonary diseases.
When diagnosing a diagnosis, the doctor can easily distinguish psychogenic shortness of heartfelt. However, it often occurs difficulties in a differential diagnosis of psychogenic shortness, differing from shortness of breath, characteristic of pulmonary artery thromboembolism. It is important not to miss the mediastum tumor and primary pulmonary hypertension. In this case, the diagnosis is made by the method of exclusion after a thorough survey of the patient.
To accurately determine the nature of unpleasant sensations in the chest, as well as shortness of breaths resort to the help of cyergometry, or Holter monitoring ECG. The high degree of efficiency of identifying pathologies in the heart of the heart can be achieved using a computer system of screening analysis of dispersion changes in the ECG signal, which the site project offers.
Eveny
The main reason for the appearance of edema is an increase in pressure in venous capillaries. This is facilitated by such reasons as a disorder of the kidney work and an increase in the permeability of the walls of the vessels. If they swell basically the ankle legs, this may indicate heart failure.
Cardiac edema will differ in walking and lying patients, as they are associated with the movement of the interstitial fluid under the action of gravity. For walking patients, the swelling swelling, which increases by the evening and subsides to the morning after sleeping. With the further accumulation of the fluid, it spreads upwards, and patients have a swelling in the hips area, then the lower back and the abdominal wall. In severe cases, swelling applies to the subcutaneous transshipment of the chest wall, hands and face.
In laying patients, excess liquid usually first accumulate on the lower back and in the region of the sacrum. Therefore, patients with suspicion of heart failure must be turned over to the stomach.
Two-way symmetrical edema, as a rule, appearing after a long stay "on the legs", accompanied by a shortness of breath, rapid pulse and wheezes in the lungs, may be a consequence of acute or chronic heart failure. Such edema, as a rule, apply to the bottom up and amplified by the end of the day. Asymmetric swelling of the legs occurs when phlebotromboosis is the most common cause of pulmonary artery thromboembolism, which can lead to overload in the work of the right ventricle.
You can determine the edema of the legs in several ways. First, after removal of clothing in the places of shift, for example, the smells that do not immediately pass the socks. Secondly, for 30 seconds, after pressing the finger on the front of the lower leg in the place of the closest lines of the bone to the skin of the skin, even with small edema remains a "pits", which does not pass for a very long time. To accurately determine the cause of the edema, you need to visit the therapist. He will be able to determine what expert you need to see first.
Disturbing of the color of the skin (pallor, sushiness)
Pallothy is most often observed with anemia, vessel spasme, severe rheumatar (inflammatory lesions of the heart during rheumatism), lack of aortic valves.
Syushia (cyanosis) of lips, cheeks, nose, uches and limbs are observed with severe degrees of pulmonary heart failure.
Headache and dizziness
These symptoms often accompany diseases associated with impaired heart and vessels. The main reason for such an answer is the fact that the brain does not receive the necessary amount of blood, and therefore, there is no sufficient blood supply to the brain with oxygen. In addition, there is poisoning of cells with decay products, which are not timely taken by blood from the brain.
Headache, especially pulsating, may indicate an increase in blood pressure. However, in other cases, it may be asymptomatic. Increased pressure must be treated, as it can lead to myocardial infarction, and sometimes to apoplexic impact.
Inflammatory processes (myocardits, pericardits, endocardits) and myocardial infarction are accompanied by an increase in temperature, sometimes fever.
A bad dream, sticky sweat, anxiety, nausea and unpleasant feelings in the chest may also testify about the emergence of problems in the work of the heart when lying on the left side, as well as the feeling of weakness and increased fatigibility of the body.
In the event of the first suspicion of the existence of problems associated with the work of the heart, should not be expected when visible symptoms appear, since very many diseases of the cardiovascular system are just beginning with the appearance of the sensation in a person that in the body "Something wrong "
Everyone must remember the need for early diagnosis, because it is no secret to anyone that the earlier the disease is revealed, the easier and the least risk for the patient's life will be treated.
One of the most effective tools for early detection of cardiovascular diseases is the use of cardioviasor, since in the processing of ECG data, a new patented method of analyzing microtalistics (microscopic jitters) of an ECG signal is applied, which allows to identify deviations from the norm in the heart of the heart in the early stages of the disease.
It is well known that often the disease develops, one can say, completely imperceptibly for the patient and is detected only during the examination with a cardiologist. This fact indicates the need for preventive visits to the cardiologist at least once a year. At the same time, it is necessary to study the results of the ECG. If the cardiologist when examining the patient will be able to analyze the results of an electrocardiogram made immediately upon occurrence symptoms of cardiovascular diseases, the probability of setting the right diagnosis, and consequently, the proper treatment will increase at times.
Rostislav Zhadayko, specifically for the project.
To the list of publications
If we consider the causes of population mortality in a "global" scale, cardiovascular disease occupy a leading position. Millions of newly ill people are registered annually, and this figure really scares.
In a daily bustle, we do not notice the alarming "bells" and appeal to the doctor already with a fully established problem. How to avoid this moment? First you should pay attention to the existing pathology and, so to speak, know the enemy "in the face".
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the main reasons for their appearance
Cardiovascular diseases are a group of pathological states that affect and disturb the normal functioning of the heart and blood vessels.
This circumstance contributes to various reasons and among them such the most common predisposing factors can be distinguished:
- age;
- the presence of bad habits (drug addiction, smoking, toxicization, abuse of alcoholic beverages, etc.);
- the presence of overweight;
- frequent depression and stress;
- irrational nutrition;
- hypodynamine;
- the presence of chronic diseases in history;
- transferred inflammatory and infectious pathologies.
It is proved that a person himself is mostly culprit of his own deterioration. Negative behavioral factors, the influence of the environment, heredity, etc. - all this creates a positive "environment" for the development of diseases. To understand all the seriousness of the situation, let's consider some reasons in more detail.
Few people in modern times boast of absolute calm. Often, even the smallest troubles are removed from equilibrium and make the nervous system is pretty to work hard. But were you thinking about the next "psyche" that depression and cardiovascular diseases have a direct connection?
Naturally, under the influence of stressful stimulus, few people understand the nuances of the heart and blood vessels, and therefore does not represent the entire relationship of the cardiovascular and nervous system.
Often repeating or constant negative emotions are harmful influence - jealousy, anger, envy, malice, fear, etc. They carry a whole "vegetative hurricane." It is possible to explain this: due to the increase in blood adrenaline in the blood, all energy resources are activated, the pulse is rapidly and the work of the heart increases, i.e. the body prepares itself to overcome difficulties.
Also, the increased content of adrenaline increases the amount of cholesterol and fatty acids in the blood, the liver begins to strongly synthesize lipoproteins and thereby ensures exceeding their permissible norm, the vascular walls are in a state of spasm, which entails the deterioration of the circulatory process. Blood becomes viscous, and this is fraught with thrombosis.
Well, if such reactions proceed very rarely, and what if constantly? After all, frequent stresses make the body, so to speak, work "for wear", and such vegetative processes only increase the risks of diseases of the vessels and hearts.
Overweight is another global problem of modernity. Stresses, depressed, good mood, holidays, or ordinary weekdays - all this "is" tasteful ". Moreover, many concepts "tasty" are associated with what is harmful, and from here and extra kg.
Obesity and cardiovascular diseases are "good companions and friends." This is due to the fact that the exceeding body weight above the permissible norm entails an increase in blood volume and thereby increasing the heart emission (the amount of blood pushed by the heart muscle per unit of time).
In turn, a similar fact affects the enhancement of pressure on the vascular walls, increasing the heart rate, increase the blood pressure and blood cholesterol level, etc. Simply put, the backup of myocardium and the cardiovascular system is experiencing constant stress.
Harmful habits and hypodynamia
The most common destructive habits are alcohol and smoking.
Their harmful effects are reflected in the cardiovascular system in this way:
- alcohol is instantly absorbed into the blood and applies throughout the body, causing a violation of coordination of movement, uncontrolled speech, etc.;
- increase in heart rate and blood pressure;
- violation of normal blood circulation;
- reducing the elasticity of bloodwalls and their destruction;
- change and deformation of red blood cells;
- destruction of muscle fibers myocardium.
- Causes:
- reduction of tone and state of spasm vessels;
- the fragility of bloodwalls;
- spasms in various muscle groups, including and cardiac;
- raising heart rate;
- an increase in the risk of thrombosis.
The permanent stay in one position increases blood pressure, the level of fat and sugar, disrupts blood flow in capillaries, etc. According to scientists, only 4 hours a day, conducted in front of the TV, increase the risk of CVD for 80%.
Sugar diabetes and atherosclerosis
Sugar diabetes is considered a severe chronic disease, which is one of the predisposing risk factors for the development of CVD. At the moment, sugar diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are considered as interconnected equivalent, and the risk of heart and vessel pathologies is much higher in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes.
Elevated blood sugar causes dysfunction of the inner wall of the vessels, also enhances the oxidative process and the formation of free radicals. This negatively affects the vascular walls, increasing the permeability of the vessel and increasing its fragility.
The most common reason for the appearance of cardiovascular diseases is, in which poor cholesterol is deposited on the walls of blood vessels. As a rule, the beginning of accumulation occurs long before increasing blood sugar levels.
When the clearance of the vessel is becoming less and less, and fat deposits are formed more and more, it can end the formation of blood blood cloth thrombles or a violation of the blood supply to a certain area.
Classification of cardiovascular diseases
Starting from 2015, according to the data from the World Health Organization, the classification of diseases from the cardiovascular system includes such nosological units:
- IHS or ischemic heart disease;
- CCS or cerebrovascular diseases;
- revmokardites;
- UPU or congenital heart defects;
- diseases of peripheral blood vessels;
- embolism of lungs and thrombosis of deep veins.
You can learn more about cardiovascular diseases from the video in this article.
Coronary artery disease
This is a pathological condition that occurs in violation of the blood supply to myocardium.
2 forms of leakage are distinguished:
- Acute:
- myocardial infarction;
- sudden coronary death.
- Chronic:
- cardiosclerosis;
- angina;
- asymptomatic IBS form.
The clinical manifestation of symptoms of ischemia is expressed as follows:
- dizziness, headaches;
- nausea, attacks of vomiting;
- violation of the rhythm of the heart;
- increasing sweating;
- dyspnea even at rest;
- the pain of the cutting, crossing or godic character, propagating not only in the region of the sternum, but also with the irradiation in hand, neck, shovel.
The most striking example of ischemia is myocardial infarction
There is a deterioration in the blood supply of the brain, i.e., pathological conditions arise, which is based on a violation of blood flow through arterial vessels to brain cells.
As with the analogy with the IBS, there are also two forms of leakage:
- Acute:
- transient ischemic attacks;
- strokes (ischemic and hemorrhagic).
- Chronic:
- encephalopathy.
In the acute state, the CVS representative is a stroke with such symptoms:
- the appearance of a sharp headache;
- violation of speech with the inability to pronounce even the easiest words and phrases;
- deterioration of the overall health of the patient (weakness and even loss of consciousness);
- violation of motor functions with full or partial paralysis of one side of the body (if the right hemisphere is affected, the left part of the body will damn and vice versa);
- impairment of vision up to full loss;
- inadequate behavior of the patient;
- sensitivity disorders, any part of the body can numb;
- violation of coordination of movements.
Discirculatory encephalopathy develops slowly and is extremely severe illness.
Its flows are accompanied by such symptoms:
- the appearance of chronic headaches;
- the appearance of motor disorders, such as tremor, a breakdown of gait, etc.;
- gradual loss of existing skills and knowledge;
- deterioration of ability to teach and memory;
- dizziness, nausea, vomiting;
- revaluation of your own capabilities;
- decline;
- insomnia;
- emotional disorders;
- loss of self-service ability.
ATTENTION: Discirculatory encephalopathy is amenable to treatment only in the first stage of development. If you run the disease, it will progress and further arising changes will be irreversible.
In this case, blood vessels are affected, providing nutrition of organs and tissues. So, what are cardiovascular diseases in this particular situation.
Table 1: Peripheral Vascular Diseases
| Name | Characteristic | Symptoms |
| Supported by Trombangit | There is a blockage of small and medium vessels |
|
| Supporting atherosclerosis | The disease is at the heart of the lipid exchange |
|
| Nonspecific AortoTerita | With this pathology, large arterial trunks are affected |
|
This is a general concept that includes multiple rheumatic lesions of the heart muscle and its valves, as well as large trunks.
Three most common types can be distinguished:
- myocarditis rheumatic (heart muscle inflammation);
- pericarditis rheumatic (fluid inflammation in a heart bag);
- endocarditis rheumatic (heart valve inflammation).
Symptoms will look like this:
- moist cough;
- tendency to shortness;
- blueness of fingertips, ears, nose;
- frequent pain of blunt character;
- edems on the legs.
It is also worth a clinical picture of rheumatic origin:
- increased body temperature to sub-crosses or febrile indicators without visible causes;
- periodic articular pains;
- total weakness and malaise.
When applying for medical help, the doctor can find some difficulty in the diagnostic plan and diagnosis.
Diggle hearts of a congenital character
Congenital heart disease is a gross anatomical violation in the structure of one of the vital organs in the womb.
Among all the existing defects are the most common vices.
- tetrad Fallo;
- DMGP - defect in the interventricular partition;
- DMPP - defect in the interpresentation partition;
- coarctation of aorta;
- uncaped Botals Doc.
Each of the above disorders has features of flow, correction and symptoms.
However, if the vice has not yet been revealed, it is possible to suspect a nonlade for such generals:
- the child appears cyanosis (sinusia) in the feeding process;
- limb to lower temperature;
- skin pale or shiny;
- focal or generalized swelling appear.
Also, in the case of the presence of congenital pathology, the kid will be a capricious, much cry, refuse food, badly sleep, etc. But you should not directly panic, similar symptoms also testify about other pathological conditions, including minor.
Embolism of lungs and thrombosis
Embolia or thrombosis can begin in any of the vascular sites. At the same time, the most significant and serious in medical practice is the TELE-thrombomembolism of the pulmonary artery and the blockage of the deep veins of the lower extremities.
It is possible to suspect the disease according to the following clinical severity:
- the feeling of cutting, which brings expressed discomfort;
- changing the color of the skin;
- severe pains in the limbs;
- progressive swelling.
Thrombosis are dangerous in that during the separation they can start a "journey" on the circulatory system and thereby reach the pulmonary current with the subsequent blockage. Symptoms and measure of assistance depend on the volume of the affected vessel. When "shutting down" more than 50% of pulmonary vessels, as a rule, the state of shock begins, which quickly leads to a sudden fatal outcome.
Above the main cardiovascular diseases included in the international classification, but do not forget that there are other no less serious pathologies in addition to them.
ATTENTION: Any disease requires careful diagnosis and immediate treatment.
Cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy
If we consider pregnancy and cardiovascular diseases, the frequency of morbidity is 5-10%.
The main complications with such pathologies are:
- anemia;
- miscarriage;
- premature childbirth;
- gestosis;
- chronic uterine-placental insufficiency and hypoxia of the fetus.
Most often, childbirth and pregnancy contribute to the exacerbation of rheumatis, the progression of cardiovascular insufficiency in chronic form, edema, jade, pleurrites, etc., and almost 80% of all pathological conditions of the heart and vessels in pregnant women make rheumatic vices. The decision of such issues is the cardiologist, therapist, an obstetrician-gynecologist.
The ability to preserve pregnancy depends on:
- forms of severity of the disease and its type;
- obstetric pathology;
- stages of blood circulation existing failure;
- the presence of arrhythmias and other complications;
- from the functional state and performance of the cardiovascular system;
- the state of development of the fetus.
An indication for interrupting pregnancy is considered a recurrent and active rheumatic edge, the arrhythmia of the flicker, the stenosis of the mouth of the aorta, as well as the atreate-ventricular hole on the left side, the insufficiency of blood circulation 2 and 3 stages.
Medical and nursing control
Having understood what cardiovascular diseases are, it is necessary to figure out the role of medical workers in terms of treating and preventing the development of the disease. Some major cities organized special cardiology centers, where highly qualified medical care is provided. However, in most cases, physician doctors play a major role.
In urban centers there are cardiological rooms, in the functions of which include the following:
- analysis of the dynamics of morbidity;
- analysis of the effectiveness and quality of the dispensarization provided and conducting treatment aimed at preventing recurrence;
- development of medical and preventive measures;
- analysis of disability and mortality from cardiovascular pathologies.
Also in the duties of the doctor include such tasks:
- consultation with the therapist physicians to identify and treat patients with cardiovascular pathologies;
- control and analysis of work carried out with patients;
- mandatory dispensary observation of patients in serious condition.
In independence from the type of assistance, whether it is at home, in a clinic or in a hospital, all services provided are guaranteed by a list of medical care, i.e., a special medical insurance program.
But even in this case, there are situations that require material costs, since some types of services are not included in the free base or turn out to be quoted, which, sometimes, you need to wait a rather long period of time. That is why patients are forced to spend a decent amount of money for their own health, since the price for it can sometimes be quite high.
The nurse is an indispensable assistant doctor. The nursing process during cardiovascular diseases depends on the type of pathology. But if we generalize everything, then it includes a nursing examination (conversation with the patient and the installation of trusting relationships), identifying problems and formulation of nursing diagnoses on priority, and then planning nursing manipulations.
Help with cardiovascular pathologies
Help with cardiovascular diseases should be immediately apparently. It should be remembered that not only a specialist is interested in a successful outcome, but also the patient himself, therefore the implementation of all medical recommendations is a very important stage in the return of health.
In most cases associated with the defeat of the heart and blood vessels, the final recovery does not occur, so a person has to control his well-being of drugs, surgical operations and implementation of preventive action.
If we consider general principles of treatment, they will include such basic methods:
- Drug therapy (nitrates, anti-aggregants, anticoagulants, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, hypolypidemic and antiarrhythmic drugs, glycosides, etc.)
- Surgical intervention (stenting, shunting, the introduction of the pacemaker, heart transplantation, angioplasty, etc.).
Also, physiotherapy in cardiovascular diseases, physiotherapy, diet and healthy lifestyle has greater importance. No less important in the salvation of a person is the first aid for cardiovascular diseases and in this regard, some urgent events can be distinguished.
Table 2: Emergency measures:
| condition | Characteristics and signs | Algorithm of action |
| Fainting | This is a short-term loss of consciousness, the cause of which is a circulatory disruption in the brain. Before that may occur:
|
You can also spray your face or pat slightly on the cheeks. |
| Hypertensive crisis | This is a sudden increase in blood pressure to high indicators. Symptoms can be like this:
|
|
| Stenokard attack | It occurs when a sharp decrease in blood flow to a specific section of the heart muscle. The main feature is a graceful or compressive pain in the chest, which can be given to the left blade, arm or jaw. |
After 1-2 minutes, the attack is usually fastened. If necessary, after 5 minutes, repeat the reception. In case the pains do not disappear for 15 minutes and are not removed by the drug, there is a real threat of myocardial infarction, so it is necessary to immediately cause ambulance |
| Sudden coronary death | Sharp loss of consciousness on the background of a sudden stop of the heart or stop breathing | The situation is quite serious and instruction behavior requires decisive actions. To begin with, it is worth understanding that you have 5-6 minutes to start urgent events. For this, ambulance quickly is rapidly caused, and resuscitation measures begin in the form of artificial respiration (in its absence) and indirect heart massage (in the absence of heartbeat). The duration of the action performed is 40-50 minutes or before the arrival of the ambulance brigade. |
Many people practice such a type of treatment as phytotherapy in cardiovascular diseases. People's medicine in this case is useful only when it does not carry a real threat, is only a subsidiary method and applied after consulting with a specialist.
Rehabilitation
The rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases is developed in a strictly individual plan, since each organism has its own distinctive features.
The program includes such events:
- mental adaptation to the very fact of pathology;
- study of their own capabilities;
- improving the ability to perform exercise;
- optimization of lifestyle and reducing the probability of recurrence.
Rehabilitation begins with cardiovascular diseases since the stabilization of the patient's condition. For this, individual and group classes help.
Recovery is calculated for at least 6 months and consists of four stages:
- Hospital. It lasts from the beginning of hospitalization, during which minor physical activity is allowed. It helps maintain muscle tone and articular mobility. Also envisaged a gradual daily expansion of physical activity.
- Early recovery. It lasts from 2 to 12 weeks from the date of the patient from the hospital. Workouts are recommended under medical supervision, consultation of a psychologist, studying the basics of proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.
- Late recovery. After 6-12 weeks, the patient already has a set of physical ability to perform exercises in the hall or at home. He learns to control hell, cholesterol, stress, supports dietary food, refuses smoking and alcohol.
- Supportful. The duration is uncertain, since at this time the patient begins an independent life where either the changes obtained at the previous stages of rehabilitation or returns to an incorrect lifestyle.
The purpose of rehabilitation is considered to develop an action plan that meets the personal needs of each patient.
Disability of cardiovascular diseases 1 of the Group is given only by a seriously ill term for 2 years. In most cases, 2 and 3 groups with annual re-examination are installed. Inadvertently disability is established only to pensioners, as well as people with irreversible anatomical defects.
Over time, 2 groups can be changed by 3 in the case of positive dynamics, but regression may also be observed, since some diseases over the years aggravate the health status of the patient.
Cardiovascular diseases - the main medical, social and social problem
Cardiovascular diseases, as a medical and social problem, are considered, because in modern society, even in the most developed countries, they continue to "take millions of citizens from life or to make them disabled. The level of prevalence reached an extensive scale, and in Russia the structure of the total incidence occupies a leading position.
Currently, much is assessed by statistics. It is so to speak a clear indicator of phenomena expressed in numerical form.
These basic facts can be said about diseases of the vessels and hearts:
- According to data for 2012, 17.5 million people died from cardiovascular diseases and this was 31% of all deaths. Based on this, we can conclude that the CVD is one of the main causes of death among the population.
- The most common cause of mortality is the IBS (almost every fifth case) and stroke (17%).
- From infarction, women die twice as many than men.
- The lowest deaths from the CVD are registered in Portugal, in France, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain and Italy.
- About 75% of deaths are observed in medium and low income countries.
- The highest percentage of fatal outcome of the heart ischemia among males over 65 years old registered in Russia (242 cases per 100,000), and the smallest in France, there are only 17 cases per 100,000.
- At the beginning of the last century, 11% of people died in Russia from heart attack, in the middle of 25%, in the 90s, the figure was 50%, and in 2007 it was about 60% to this day.
- Recently, the pathology of blood circulation in people from 25 to 35 years began to be detected twice as soon as possible.
According to the preliminary estimates of WHO, half of all the emerging deaths can be prevented. This requires compulsory prevention with the population, where information on cardiovascular diseases will be distributed, measures to prevent them and about the methods of a healthy lifestyle.
This is especially true of the persons included in the risk group. Patients with cardiovascular pathologies It is necessary to properly organize therapeutic and preventive measures, where the best method is the dispensary accounting.
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