An important reason for timely treatment is to prevent complications! What is dangerous bronchitis? Bronchitis turns from acute into chronic.

Bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi and trachea, is usually caused by various viruses and bacteria. But not always. In some cases, bronchitis can provoke dry, too hot or too cold air, chemical and toxic substances. If there are smokers in the family - this is another reason for the occurrence of bronchitis in a child.

The first signs of bronchitis are discharge from the nose, dry cough and an increase in temperature to 38 degrees and above. Bronchitis contamination on the street from the cold occurs quite rarely. In itself, cold air is not dangerous if a person is warmly dressed and feels comfortable. The following scheme acts mainly: the body is transferred, the efficiency of protection of the mucous membrane and the overall resistance of the body is reduced. After that, viruses are much easier to penetrate the body and cause a disease. The patient comes home, and all the vents are closed at home, and the virus, walking around the house, penetrates the body of the rest of the family. In the cold season, when heating is included, the air must be moisturized. Dry infected air, dust, poisonous gases In most cases, bronchitis causes.

How to treat bronchitis?

Never inform yourself. After all, the presence of cough in the patient does not testify exactly about bronchitis, cough can accompany any other diseases. To diagnose and write the necessary drugs should a doctor. But very often bronchitis does not require special treatment. With a successful coincidence, the disease disappears on the 7th day. But considering that bronchitis can still cause complications, it is necessary to observe the doctor throughout the entire period of the disease. Especially if we are talking about a child.

The people are used to treat bronchitis in the following ways: put banks or mustard pieces, rub the skin with a barcut fat, soar legs in hot water with mustard. Doctors have long encouraged to abandon these methods, since their effectiveness against bronchitis has not been proven. However, these methods are not dangerous, and if you so calmer, you can use them.

There is another vintage people's recipe: take a few big bulbs, crush them in a meat grinder and squeeze juice. In the juice, moisten the T-shirt, put it on the night, while how warm it is wrapped in a blanket. As they say in the people, this method for 2 days eliminates the suffocable cough with bronchitis.

Very often, parents are afraid of cough in a child and try to get rid of him faster. And in vain, because cough is defensive reaction organism. And if on 5-6 day of the disease in a child's wet cough with a wet wet green, you should not worry. It is necessary to treat a dry cough that annoys bronchi and throat.

Of course, any illness is better prevented. For the prevention of bronchitis, it should be abandoned from bad habits and all the more not to smoke where there are children. It is often selected to the sea and in the forest. At home there should always be fresh and wet air, so you can ventilate the room as often as possible and buy an air humidifier. Daily spend houses wet cleaning, give up the interior items on which a lot of dust is going. And perhaps you will never recognize about such a disease like bronchitis.

Bronchitis is called a disease in which the lower damage occurs respiratory tract Various pathogenic flora or allergens. In bronchi occur inflammatory processAs a result, the patient begins to torment coughing. However, not many people resort to the help of qualified doctors, believing that treatment folk remedies It will be enough, and in some cases they hope only on the protective forces of the body.

Complications of bronchitis arising different reasons, dangerous not only for the system of respiratory tract, but also other organs and functions of the body.

The reasons

When the first symptoms of such a disease, like bronchitis, the doctor immediately prescribes comprehensive treatment to minimize the possibility of negative consequences.

However, not only untimely therapy may cause complications. They may appear in the following cases:

• mistakenly diagnosed;
• self-treatment or incorrectly appointed course of therapy;
• ignoring the recommendations of the attending physician;
• unfinished treatment;
• the age of the patient (the disease is harder to heal in elderly patients and infants);
• hereditary diseases of the respiratory system;
• the presence of chronic diseases of other organs;
• accommodation in an ecologically unfavorable area;
• bad habits, including smoking and alcohol.

Complications for bronchitis may occur both in the acute form of its flow and chronic.

What is dangerous bronchitis?

Inflammatory processes in bronchops may affect the tissues of other organs and provoke the spread of the disease.

Pneumonia

A common disease that develops as a result of unrealized bronchitis is pneumonia. The danger of this disease is that it can be asymptomatic. Often it is detected only in the pictures of fluorography.

Acute flow of pneumonia is accompanied by increased temperature Body (up to 40ºС), pain in muscles and scobes in the joints. In some cases, at pneumonia, there may be a hallucination.

Common signs of lung inflammation is reduced performance, cough attacks with highlighting large number sputum, appearance shortness, sharp pain In the chest area, weight loss.

Pneumonia arising against the background of bronchitis with complication is treated longer than in cases where its cause becomes, for example, supercooling.

In order to prescribe treatment, sputum analyzes are carried out in order to determine the sensitivity of the pathogenic flora to antibiotics.

Lonantic Heart

This pathology is found only in adult patients. It is characterized by violations in functioning of cardio-vascular system As a result of improving blood pressure.

Signs of the pulmonary heart becomes swelling of the veins in the neck, the appearance of frequent headaches, spasms in the heart and the development of hyperhydroposis (increased sweating).

Pulmonary heart appears against the background of the flow chronic inflammation mucous bronchi. It is dangerous in that it may cause myocardial infarction.

Emphysema lungs

The lung emphysema leads a long narrowing of the respiratory lumens of the vessels. For this reason, air circulation and gas exchange is disturbed. The mucous membranes begin to acquire a blue shade, which is due to the lack of oxygen. The chest at the same disease may increase. Emphasis is accompanied by the appearance of shortness of breath.

Emphysema of the lungs affects the work of all organs, as they do not get nutrition in full. Oxygen starvation is reflected in the work of the brain. The launched form of the disease can cause death.

Lonantic Heart

Acute bronchitis treatment of acute bronchitis by folk remedies and methods

Bronchial asthma

The main sign of bronchial asthma is a sudden cough arising, which makes breathing, leads to shortness of breath. Special symptoms of asthma are the attacks of suffocation, during which the patient is fear of death. Often they come at night, which increases the risk of death due to the fact that the patient does not happen timely help.

As a consequence of bronchitis, asthma can be exacerbated against the background of passive or active smoking, staying on cold or raw air, as well as as a result of the impact on the body of allergens. The reaction to the allergen becomes the narrowing of the respiratory vessels, which leads to the spa of the bronchi and the occurrence of edema.

Asthma treatment is a long process. Most often, it remains a chronic disease. Medication drugs Only facilitate the symptoms of the disease, without giving evolving biases of cough.

Pulmonary hypertension

Complication of bronchitis can be pulmonary hypertension. Most often, it develops due to the fact that the treatment was not fully conducted. Due to hypoxia (insufficient oxygen content in the body) or heart disorders of the right-hand type, rapid breathing occurs, wheezing. This affects the overall human performance, quick fatigue appears. The immune system weakens that it becomes the cause of the development of infectious and viral diseases.

Astmatic syndrome

For asthmatic bronchitis is characteristic abundant allocation The secret of the mucous membranes of the bronchi, swelling of their walls, as well as the occurrence of spasms in the lower respiratory tract. Unlike bronchial asthma, the disease does not have attacks of choking. Astmatic syndrome is determined by experts as a state of betray. Cough attacks are accompanied by difficult breathing and whistling sounds when exhaling. With the discharge of sputum for the patient, relief comes.

How to avoid complications with bronchitis?

So that bronchitis does not flow into a chronic form or caused other diseases, it is necessary to contact a specialist at the first manifestations of cough. Cannot interrupt reception medicinesEven if the symptoms of the disease disappeared. During treatment, a diet should be followed in order to exclude allergens entering the body, which can provoke a deterioration in the patient's condition. It is also recommended to drink more fluid, as it contributes to a more efficient disorder of sputum.

Acute bronchitis is the disease of the lower respiratory tract, characterized by inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. Often meets among adults and children. The inflammation of the bronchi is caused by entering the body of infection (viruses, bacteria, mushrooms), less likely there is an allergic, chemical or physical nature. The leading symptom of the disease is cough. Of the hundreds of fallen adults, only 2-3 people are treated on this issue in medical institutions. The bulk of people continues to work hard for the benefit of society, at best, engage in self-medication, at worst, letting the disease on samonek.

Most often, bronchitis are subject to:

• smokers;
• people with reduced immunity, chronic overwork;
• persons with chronic infection of the upper respiratory departments (sinusitis, tonsillitis, etc.);
• allergies.

Factors affecting the increase in incidence of bronchitis:

• seasonality (cold, raw season);
• supercooling (outdoor work);
• air pollution (dust, paint, chemicals);
• viral infections.

Leading symptom of bronchitis - cough. Initially, dry diseases, then becomes productive.
There may be various other symptoms:

• an increase in temperature (from subfebrile up to 39-40 degrees);
• weakness, malaise;
• dyspnea;
• feeling plowing in the chest.

Treatment of bronchitis

Common events

• bed mode;
• exception of supercooling, drafts;
• abundant warm drink - 2 liters per day (you can take tea with lemon, wild rose, decoction of chamomile, etc.);
• to give up smoking.

Medicia treatment

1. Antiviral drugs should be connected to treatment in the presence of signs of viral infection - a runny nose, lubrication in the body, an increase in temperature above 38 degrees, as well as during the flu epidemic. More efficient will be the treatment if the reception has begun in the first day of the disease.
2. Antibiotics are connected to treatment while maintaining high temperatures for more than 3 days, increasing intoxication, the presence of a purulent sputum (green), strengthening shortness of breath. As a rule, only a specialist can assign adequate antibiotic therapy.
3. Anti-tech drugs - reception at bronchitis is not recommended in adults and children. Cough is a kind of protective mechanism, it contributes to the removal of the mucus from the bronchi. Cough suppression in the presence of sputum leads to a wet wet in bronchi, intense reproduction of bacteria in the lungs and the emergence of various complications.

For proper treatmentwhich will take you 10-14 days, the structure and functions of the bronchi after the disease are completely restored after 3 to 4 weeks.

And what will happen if not to treat the disease? There is definitely chances of recovery. If you have a strong and healthy organism, maybe it will go through ... And if not? What can turn around such a careless attitude to their own health? What is dangerous bronchitis in the absence of adequate treatment?

Complications of bronchitis

1. The development of pneumonia is an infectious inflammatory disease with the defeat of all the structures of the pulmonary fabric. The process can be like in one light segmentSo totally affect both lungs. Respectively, the more defeat, the higher the risk to die from respiratory failure. The inflammation of the light high temperature of the body, pronounced shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, cough, breast embezzlement, is possible in breast pain when breathing. Treat pneumonia is needed stationary (outpatient can only be easy course), Combined antibacterial, symptomatic, oxygen therapy is carried out. Launched inflammation of the lungs can lead to the development of quite serious complications: an abscess or gangrene of the lungs, pneumothorax, an empieme of pleura, pleurrites. Such complications require surgical intervention, long-term treatment with the subsequent restoration of the body.
   
2. Process chronicization. If not to treat bronchitis, then structural changes, deformation of the tissue, scarring begin as a result of long inflammation in bronchi, the bronchus is narrowed, the drainage function is disturbed, the respiratory function is developing, the respiratory function suffers. The leading goal of the treatment of chronic bronchitis in adults is a decrease in the frequency of exacerbations, reducing the progression of damage to the bronchi. During exacerbation in therapy, the use of antibiotics, the rest of the treatment remains the same as when acute bronchitis. With pronounced bronchological syndrome, treatment is carried out stationary. Chronic bronchitis with a long flow and the absence of therapy in adults can smoothly grow into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung emphyms, bronchial asthma, bronchiectatic disease, bronchiolite, diffuse pneumosclerosis, develops breathing failure, entailing heart failure.
3. COPD is characterized by a resistant thickening of the bronchial walls, the obstruction (narrowing) of the respiratory tract, a decrease in the elasticity of the alveoli, a significant decrease in the respiratory surface of the lungs, a decrease in gas exchange. As a result of all these changes, a long cough is worried, shortness of breath with exercise, lack of air. The processes in the tissues of the lungs are irreversible and constantly progress. Symptoms of disease are growing. Patients with chronic obstructive lung disease need the constant use of drugs, such as bronchopholics (inhaled drugs expanding bronchi, relaxing the smooth muscles of the walls of Bronchi - Fenoterol, Berodal, Salbutamol and others). During the exacerbation, the COBL Therapy includes antibacterial agents, musolitic and expectorant drugs, with severe respiratory failure, glucocorticosteroids are used (prednisone, dexamethasone), oxygen therapy. Over time, the attacks of exacerbations are becoming gravily harder and require treatment in pulmonological or therapeutic department hospital.
   
4. Bronchial asthma - the disease is manifested by suddenly emerging attacks of shortness of shortness of shortness of breath, cough, the difficulty of the exhalation, which will grow into attacks of suffocation, breathing becomes whistling, fear of death appears. In contrast to COPD, the bouts of bronchial asthma are provoked by various stimuli (allergens (chemical or biological nature), tobacco smoke, cold air, dampness, etc.). Irritation causes the narrowing of the respiratory tract at the expense of edema and spasm of the bronchi and the production of a large amount of sputum. Treat bronchial asthma is needed for a long time, the daily use of medicines is important. To relieve the attack you can use inhalation bronchopholics and bronchodulators. But in order for the treatment of such consequences of the bronchitis to be effective, the reception of the inflammatory allergic process may be needed to receive glucocorticosteroids, cholinoblockers, cromons, anti-tekotrey drugs for several months, and sometimes life. The course of treatment should be under the supervision of the pulmonologist. Is it possible to defeat asthma? Not. But you can improve the quality of life by reducing the frequency of exacerbations to a minimum.
5. Emphysema of the lungs is another complication of the obstructive shape of the bronchitis, it occurs as a result of the loss of alveoli elasticity, is redistributed, expanded, due to this, the volume of lungs increases, gas exchange is reduced. The main symptoms are shortness of breath, the cough with a difficult wet. Without treatment, the disease quickly progresses, respiratory failure develops. In therapy, careful attention is paid to the treatment of chronic bronchitis, oxygen therapy is additionally used, good results gives breathing exercises. With the progression of the disease of the wall, the alveoli is destroyed, several alveoli merge into one - this is called emphysematous bull. With such a form of illness, the risk of pneumothorax increases (air in pleural cavity). Surgical treatment is recommended.
6. What else may be complications after bronchitis? Bronchiolite - while the smallest bronchial system departments are amazed - bronchioles, it becomes more often in adults. Manifested by pronounced shortness of breath, low-productive cough, weakness, acricyanosis (sinusia skin Pokrov). Changes in bronchi in the absence of treatment become irreversible, the connective tissue grows, the bronchiole walls are losing elasticity, breathing disruption occurs. Treatment includes antibacterial, hormonal, bronchhalytic, oxygen therapy, in some cases the purpose of cytostatics is required. If not to treat bronchiolitis, then respiratory failure in this disease can develop very quickly.

All of the above complications after the bronchitis are dangerous by the development of respiratory failure, which, in turn, can lead to death. Respiratory failure is the condition of the body, in which the respiratory system does not sufficiently provide organs and tissues with oxygen. As a result of these violations in adults, compensatory mechanisms are launched that maintain the level of oxygen in the blood close to the required. At the same time, the possibilities of the body are quickly depleted and symptoms of respiratory failure arise. On the initial stage - This is a shortness of breath with moderate or insignificant physical exertion, breathing. Next, shortness of breath occurs alone, restore the breath is able to hardly, cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, the hands of the hands appears, the heartbeat is rapidly, there may be a loss of consciousness. Required urgent hospitalization and hospital treatment.

In general, the bronchitis itself in adults with timely and properly chosen treatment is not dangerous, recovery and complete recovery is possible. The main thing is not to miss the time and avoid complications that will often lead to a chronic disease, loss of disability on for a long time, and in rare, but extremely difficult cases, to disability and even death. Can you die from bronchitis? No, if adequate treatment is obtained on time. Remember, the earlier you become treated, the sooner the recovery comes.

The choice of each of the adults does for himself. But in case of illness, if you feel that it is not possible to cope on your own, it is better to consult in a timely manner in medical institution, Complete the survey and course of treatment from 7 to 14 days. It is not necessary to be treated according to the Seller's advice in the nearest pharmacy around the corner, on the instructions of "good" friends, colleagues and simply sympathizers, this also, as a rule, does not lead to recovery. Otherwise, you can get to the hospital, to spend there at least 2 weeks, and then long trimmed at home. As a result, such negligence threatens you with a loss of a lot of time, money, strength and own health.

Video: Live great! Symptoms of bronchitis

Bronchitis is a common disease of the lower respiratory tract, characterized by an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the bronchi. Symptoms of bronchitis and tactics of treatment depend on the basis of the disease: acute or chronic, as well as the stage of development of the disease. Treat bronchitis of any forms and stages must be in a timely manner and fully: the inflammatory process in bronchi not only affects the quality of life, but also is dangerous with severe complications, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pathologies and violations of the function of the cardiovascular system, etc.

Causes of disease development

Bronchitis and in children, and in adults in the overwhelming majority of cases is the primary disease of infectious etiology. The disease is most often developing under the influence of the infectious agent. Among the most common causes of primary bronchitis, the following pathogens are distinguished:

• viruses: paragrippa, influenza, adenovirus, rinovirus, enterovirus, cortex;
• bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, hemophilic wand, respiratory forms of mycoplasma, chlamyidophiles, causative agent);
• fungal (Candida, Aspergill).

In 85% of cases, viruses become a provocateur of the infectious process. However, often with a reduced immunite, the presence of viral infection occur favorable conditions for activating the conditionally pathogenic flora (staphylococci, streptococci present in the body), which entails the development of the inflammatory process with a mixed flora. Detection of primary I. active ingredients pathogenic flora is a prerequisite for effective therapy Diseases.
The bronchitis of fungal etiology is rather rare: with normal immunite, the activation of fungal flora in bronchi is almost impossible. Micotic damage to the mucous membranes is possible with significant violations in the work immune system: with congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, after a course of radiation or chemotherapy, when taking cytostatics oncological patients.
To other factors in the etiology of acute and chronic forms of the disease provoking the development of the inflammatory process in the lungs include:

• foci of chronic infection in the upper respiratory tract;
• prolonged inhalation of polluted air (dust, bulk materials, smoke, evaporation, gases), including tobacocco;
• pathology of the structure of organs bronchildren system.

Photo: ARTSKVORTSOVA / Shutterstock.com

Classification of bronchitis disease

In the classification of the disease, two main forms are distinguished: sharp and chronic. They differ in manifestations, signs, symptoms, the flow of disease and therapy methods.

Acute bronchitis: symptoms and characteristics

A sharp form arises suddenly, flows rapidly and lasts with proper therapy on average 7-10 days. After this period, the affected cells of the bronchi walls begin to be regenerated, full recovery in inflammation of viral and / or bacterial etiology occurs after 3 weeks.
By the nature of the course of the disease, there is a light, moderate and severe degree. Classification is carried out based on:

• the severity of respiratory failure;
• results of blood analysis, sputum;
• x-ray study of the area of \u200b\u200bbronchial defeat.

There are also various species in accordance with the nature of inflammatory exudate:

• catarrhal;
• purulent;
• mixed cataroid-purulent;
• atrophic.

The classification is carried out according to the results of the analysis of sputum: so, purulent bronchitis is accompanied by the presence of an abundant number of leukocytes and macrophages in the exudate.
The degree of blockage of bronchi determines such types of disease as acute obstructive and unstructive bronchitis. In children under the age of 1 year, acute obstructive bronchitis proceeds in the form of bronchiolitis, accompanied by blockage of both deep and small bronchi.

Acute unstructive form

Acute unstructive, or simple form It is characterized by the development of the catarrhal inflammatory process in bronchops of large and medium caliber and the absence of blockage of bronchi inflammatory content. The most common cause of this form is a viral infection and non-infectious agents.
As the disease progresses, the bronet leaves in the process of cough, respiratory failure does not develop.

Acute obstructive form of disease bronchitis

This form for children is especially dangerous. preschool age In view of the narrowness of the respiratory tract and the tendency to bronchospasm with a minor amount of sputum.
The inflammatory process, most often a purulent or catarrhaic-purulent nature, covers bronets of the middle and small caliber, while there is a blockage of their enlightenment by exudate. Muscular walls are reflexively reduced by causing spasm. Respiratory failure occurs, leading to oxygen starvation of the body.

Chronic form of the disease

In the chronic form, the sign of the inflammatory process in the walls of the bronchi is observed three or more months. The main symptom of the bronchitis chronic form is a low-product cough, usually in the morning time after sleep. Dyspnea may also be observed, increasing during exercise.
Inflammation is chronic, proceeding with periods of exacerbation and remission. Most often cause chronic form Permanently acting aggressive factors are becoming: professional harm (smoke, harness, soot, gases, evaporation of chemicals). The most common provocateur is tobacco smoke with active or passive smoking.
Chronic form is characteristic of an adult part of the population. In children, it can only develop in the presence of immunodeficiency, anomalies of the structure of the lower body of the respiratory system, severe chronic diseases.

Photo: Helen Sushitskaya / Shutterstock.com

Different forms of bronchitis: signs and symptoms

Symptomatics varies as depending on the form of the disease and in different age periods.

Symptoms in adults

Formed respiratory system, immunity and longer than in children, impact negative factors Conduct the main differences in the manifestation of both acute and chronic forms of the disease in adulthood.

Acute form in adults

Most often (in 85% of cases), as a consequence of acute respiratory viral infection occurs. It is characterized by a rapid beginning of the disease, starting with the occurrence of discomfort in the chest, painful seizures of dry unproductive cough, amplifying at night, while lying, causing painful sensations in infant and diaphragm muscles.

With bronchitis on the background of ARVI marks general symptoms viral disease: Incitization of the body (weakness, headaches, feeling of lobs in muscles, joints), hyperthermia, it is possible to heat the catarrhal (rhinitis, sore throat, tear, etc.)

Cough with this disease is protective mechanismto help the withdrawal of inflammatory exudate from bronchi. With proper treatment, 3-5 days after the start of the disease, the stage of productive cough occurs with sputum release, which brings some relief. When breathing in the chest with a stethoscope or without tool examination, wet wipes are heard.

With sharp respiratory and viral infections, the stage of productive cough usually coincides with the beginning of recovery from ARVI: the occurrence of intoxication of the body is reduced, the body temperature is normalized (or kept in subfebrile limits). If for 3-5 days from the beginning of the disease of such phenomena is not observed, the diagnosis of the likely attachment of a bacterial infection and / or the development of complications is necessary.

The total duration of the cough period - up to 2 weeks, to full cleaning bronchial trees from sputum. About 7-10 days after the end of the cough lasts a period of regeneration of epithelium cells in the walls of the bronchi, after which there comes full recovery. Medium duration acute forms of the disease in adults is 2-3 weeks, healthy people Without bad habits, an uncomplicated acute form ends with the restoration of the full health of the lower respiratory tract.

Acute obstructive form

The acute obstructive form in adults is much less common than children, and, by physiology, represents a much smaller hazard for health and life, although the forecast is based mainly on the severity of respiratory failure in a patient.

Respiratory failure in the obstructive acute form of the disease depends on the degree of blockage of the lumen of the bronchi inflammatory exudate and the scope of bronchospasm.

Acute obstructive form is characteristic mainly for people with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma, smoking, elderly, having chronic forms of lung diseases or hearts.
The first symptoms are shortness of breath due to oxygen deficiency, including at rest, a low-consistent cough with long-growing antiquities, wheezing in a chest with a pronounced strengthening.

With the average and severe degree of respiratory failure, the patient tends to the position of the semi-attendant, sitting, with a support for the forearm. In the process of breathing involved auxiliary muscular chest, visually noticeably expanding the wings of the nose on the breath. With significant hypoxia, cyanosis in the area of \u200b\u200bthe nasolabial triangle, the darkening of the tissues under the nail plates on their hands and legs is noted. Any effort causes shortness of breath, including the process of speaking.

The relief at proper therapy occurs on 5-7 days with the beginning of the productive cough and the withdrawal of sputum from the bronchi. In general, the disease occurs longer than the unstructive form, the recovery process takes up to 4 weeks.

Symptoms and stage of chronic form of the disease

The chronic stage is diagnosed at the bronchial form of cough for at least three months, as well as the presence of certain risk factors in the history of the disease. The most frequent factor is tobacocco, most often active, but the passive inhalation of smoke also often leads to the emergence of the inflammatory process in the walls of the bronchi.
Chronic form can flow in erased form or in alternating the acute phase and remission. As a rule, the exacerbation of the disease is observed against the background of viral or bacterial infection, but the acute phase in the presence of a chronic form differs from acute bronchitis on the background general health Bronchi severity of symptoms, durability, frequent addition of complications of bacterial etiology.
The exacerbation may also be provoked by change climatic conditionsstay in a cold, wet environment. Without the appropriate therapy, the chronic form of the disease progresses, respiratory failure increases, exacerbations are increasingly difficult.
During the periods of remission in the early stages of the patient's disease, an episodic cough may disturb after night sleep. As the inflammatory process is increasing clinical picture Expanding, supplemented with shortness of breath during exercise, increased sweating, fatigue, barking cough at night and during periods of rest lying.
The late stages of chronic shape cause a change in the shape of the chest, pronounced frequent wet wheezes in the chest with breathing. The cough attacks are accompanied by the release of purulent exudate, the skin covers acquire the earthy shade, the cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle region is noticeable, first after exercise, then at rest. The late stage of the chronic form of bronchitis is seriously amenable to therapy, without treatment, as a rule, goes into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Symptoms in children

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Among the main causes of the disease in children, not only pathogenic microorganisms are distinguished, but also allergens. Acute bronchitis can also be a period of the flow of such diseases of children's age, like measles, cough, rubella.
The risk factors for the development of bronchitis are the presence and insufficient mass of the body in newborns, especially when feeding with artificial substitutes breast milk, anomalous structure and pathology of the development of the bronchology system, immunodeficiency states, a disruption of a nasal type of respiration due to the curvature of the nasal partition, chronic diseases accompanied by the growth of adenoid tissue, chronic foci of infection in the respiratory system and / or the oral cavity.
The acute form of the disease in preschool children is often found quite often and amounts to 10% of all acute respiratory diseases in this age period, which is due anatomical features The buildings of the child respiratory system.

Acute unstructive form in children

Acute unstructive form in childhood It occurs the same as in adult patients: starting with dry cough and signs of intoxication of the body, the disease passes into the range of sputum of sputum for 3-5 days. The total duration of the disease in the absence of complications is 2-3 weeks.
This form is considered the most favorable prediction of recovery, but it is more commonly found among schoolchildren and adolescents. Children of the pre-school age due to the characteristics of the structure of the respiratory system are more likely to illustrative the obstructive form of bronchitis and bronchipolitis.

Acute obstructive form in children: symptoms and stages of the disease

Acute obstructive bronchitis is diagnosed in children up to 3 years with a frequency of 1: 4, that is, every fourth child until a three-year-old reaches at least once it moves this form of the disease. Children are also prone to repeating episodes of the disease, several obstructive inflammatory processes in bronchi may indicate the bronchial asthma manifestation during the year. Frequent repetitive episodes of the disease also increase the likelihood of chronic form, bronchiectatic disease, lung emphysema.

Acute obstructive form arises against the background of damage to the bronchi of small and medium calibers when the inflammatory exudate is accumulated in the deep departments of the respiratory body, the blockage of the lumen and the occurrence of bronchospasm. The increased probability of the development of obstruction is due to the anatomical narrowness of the bronchi and characteristic of children's age period Increased tenderness of muscle tissues to reduce in response to sputum stimuli. The obstructive form in children is primarily manifested by whistling wheezing in the chest, shortness of breath increasing when speaking, physical activity, increased frequency of respiratory movements difficult to exhale.

Cough is not a mandatory symptom, in breast or weakened children, it may be absent. Respiratory failure leads to the emergence of such symptoms as cyanosis (blue skin shade) of the nasolabial triangle, nails on hand and legs. With breathing, the movement of the intercostal intervals is expressed, the expansion of the wings of the nose. Temperature of the body, as a rule, holds in a subfebris range, not exceeding 38 ° C. With a concomitant viral infection, catarrhal manifestations may be occurred: runny nose, sore throat, tear, etc.

Bronchiolite in children as a variety of bronchitis: symptoms and treatment

Acute bronchiolitis is the most dangerous variety of inflammatory lesions of bronchial tissues in childhood. Most often bronchiolitis is diagnosed in children up to 3 years. The disease is dangerous by the high number of deaths (1% of the ill), the most exposed children of the age period of 5-7 months, born ahead of time, with a reduced body weight, fed by artificially mixtures, as well as kids with congenital anomalies of the respiratory organs and the heart system.
The prevalence of bronchipolitis is 3% in children of the first year of life. The greatest danger is a viral infection: RV viruses, having tropiness to the tissue of the mucous membrane of small bronchi, provoke a significant part of the bronchiolites in children.
The following pathogens of the disease are also distinguished:

• cytomegalovirus;
• herpes virus man;
• virus windmill (windmills);
• chlamydia;
• mycoplasma.

Most often infection occurs intrauterine or in childbirth, the disease develops with a decrease in congenital immunity, especially in the absence of breastfeeding.
The disease can be complicated by the addition of a bacterial inflammatory process when activating conditionally pathogenic microorganisms present in the body (streptococci, staphylococci).
The development of the disease is sudden, rapid. Primary manifestations are limited to symptoms of intoxication (lethargy, drowsiness, capriciousness), a minor increase in body temperature, discharge from nasal strokes.
For 2-3 days, wheels joined with breathing, shortness of breath, the child expresses anxiety, it turns out to be from food, it cannot suck the chest, a pacifier, a pacifier. The respiratory frequency comes up to 80 respiratory movements per minute, the pulse accelerates to 160-180 wt. / Min. The cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, pale or blue of the skin, especially the fingers, legs is determined. There is pronounced lethargy, drowsiness, the lack of a reciprocal complex, reaction when contacting.
Bronchiolite in infants requires urgent urgent start of inpatient treatment.

Diagnosis of the disease

To diagnose the disease, determining its causes, stage development and availability of complications, resort to the following research methods:

• collection of anamnesis, analysis of patient complaints, visual inspection, listening to respiratory tones using a stethoscope;
• general blood analysis;
• common range of sputum;
• x-ray study to exclude or confirm pneumonia as complications of bronchitis;
• spirographic examination to determine the degree of obstruction and respiratory failure;
• bronchoscopy with suspected anatomical anomalies of development, availability foreign bodies in bronchi, tumor changes;
• computer tomography on indications.

Methods of therapy with different forms of the disease

Depending on the cause of the development of the disease, first of all prescribe drugs acting on the causative agent: antiviral medicines, antibiotics, antifungal agents, etc.
To etiotropic therapy, symptomatic treatment is mandatory in the complex: antipyretic agents, pulitating drugs (acetylcysteine, ambroxol), drugs suppressing cough reflex, with pronounced painful barking of cough, broncholitic agents.
Preparations are used both in common and local action (through inhalers, nebulizers, instillations and sprays in nasal moves, etc.).
TO medical therapy The methods of therapeutic physical education, gymnastics, massage to facilitate the separation and withdrawal of sputum are joined.
In chronic form therapy, the main role is to eliminate the factor provoking the inflammatory process in the tissues of the bronchi: professional harm, environmental conditions, smoking. After the exclusion of this factor, a long-term treatment with mercolytic, bronchodiolitic drugs, comprehensive medicines are carried out. It is possible to use oxygen therapy, sanatorium-resort treatment.

In most cases, the disease itself is not dangerous. A large threat is complications after bronchitis, which develop with not enough effective treatment. The consequences are mainly affected respiratory systemBut may suffer other organs. Often repeated episodes of bronchitis in childhood with high probability lead to development chronic disease in adults.

Chronic bronchitis is one of the most common complications of acute form.

Risk factors and prevention of complications

The development of complications contribute to such circumstances:

• untimely or erroneous diagnostics;
• late started, inadequate, not communicated to the end, non-compliance with the prescriptions of the doctor, recommended by the regime;
• early or old age (children and old men bronchitis occurs harder than adults or adolescents);
• hereditary diseases of respiratory organs, for example, fibrosis;
• the presence of diseases of other internal organs;
• increased susceptibility of the immune system;
• active, passive smoking and other bad habits, adverse external factors (climatic, professional).

Take measures to prevent bronchitis complications at an early stage of the disease. The most effective prevention of complications is the prevention of the disease.

Immunity strengthening contribute:

• balanced, healthy, rich in vitamins nutrition;
• regular walks in the fresh air;
• improvement at sea in summer.

These measures must be taken from early childhood, they are equally important for adults. In addition to general rehabilitation, hardening to strengthen immunity and prevention cold illness Vaccination should be carried out to prevent influenza, timely identify and eliminate existing foci of infection.

If failed to prevent the disease, it is necessary to focus efforts to prevent its complications:

• contact the doctor at the first alarming symptoms;
• comply with bed or semi-order;
• take drugs appointed by a specialist, fulfill his other recommendations;
• pass the appointed course of treatment to the end, even if the symptoms of the disease disappear.

Complications of different shapes

Typical complications for each form of their own, the consequences of an acute, recurrent, chronic, conventional, obstructive and partly coincide, but largely vary.

Acute form

It is often complicated by pneumonia or bronchopneumonia.

Bronchopneumonia (focal pneumonia) - acute inflammation The walls of bronchiole, manifested by such symptoms:

• increase in temperature, weakness, fast fatigue, headache and dizziness;
• dry or wet cough, mucost-purulent sputum, bodies of blood may be present;
• shortness of breath, breathing (up to 30 times per minute) and pulse 9 to 110 beats per minute);
• chest pain.

In adults with the normal resistance of the body, bronchopneumonia is quite rare, its development is increased with serious diseases internal organs, oncology, immunodeficiency states, as well as in old men and children. By children, this disease is carried out especially hard and can lead to death. Requires comprehensive treatment, in particular, the use of antibiotics. Some forms of bronchopneumonia are an indication for hospitalization.

Pneumonia is the inflammation of the pulmonary fabric, accompanied by a violation of gas exchange. Her symptoms are in many ways similar to the symptoms of bronchopneumonia, general state Less, it is possible to loss of appetite, the development of insomnia. Refine the diagnosis allows radiography, and identify the pathogen - blood tests and sputum.

Pneumonia of bacterial nature occurs, it is especially dangerous for:

• little children;
• pregnant women;
• individuals with chronic diseases;
• people over 65 years old.

Pneumonia can develop as a complication of bronchitis and lead to a number of even more severe and dangerous complications (pleurisy, lung abscess, respiratory disorders).

The recurrent form of bronchitis (acute episodes are repeated 3-4 times a year, and 2-3 weeks continue, sometimes longer) is observed in children and is often complicated by the development of chronic bronchitis in adults. In chronic form, structural changes of the bronchial tree occur, there is a persistent violation of its functions, exacerbations, accompanied by cough, can last up to 3 months. A chronic appearance, which is a typical, common complication of acute, is fraught with other hazardous consequences.

Chronic form and obstruction phenomena

A feature of the chronic form is the involvement of deep layers of bronchi into the inflammatory process, scarring and deformation of the tissue, irreversible narrowing of the lumen, violation drainage function. Respiratory pathways often deteriorates and obstruction is developing.

It is with her most dangerous consequences Chronic form:

• obstructive bronchitis with its own complex of complications, in particular, bronchial asthma;
• obstructive pulmonary disease;

• lung emphysema;
• bronchitis;
• respiratory and heart failure, pulmonary hypertension.

Obstructive bronchitis is a complicated form, manifesting breathing disorders, shortness of breath, difficult to exhale. In children, the obstruction phenomenon can be observed in acute bronchitis, adults often accompany chronic shape.

Severe complication of recurrent or - bronchial asthma, the disease associated with the increased sensitivity of the bronchi to stimuli and insufficient gas exchange in them.

Symptoms of bronchial asthma:

• spasms, attacks of suffocation;
• localled in the chest feeling of congestion and shortage of air;
• attacks of dry low-product cough with a small amount of viscous sputum is usually yellow;
• whistling wheels in the chest accompanying cough and breathing;
• dyspnea with difficult exhalation.

Bronchial asthma requires constant monitoring of the state, immediate reception of drugs at the first signs of an attack.

Emphysema of the lungs - a common complication of obstructive form in which pulmonary fabric It is subjected to pathological changes (expansion of alveoli, leading to the destruction of their walls, an increase in lung volume). Develops most often in adults over the age of 60 in the presence of unfavorable professional and climatic external factors, abuse smoking.

It manifests itself shortness of breath, a low-productive cough. Obstructive pulmonary disease is a complication of chronic bronchitis, which is accompanied by lung emphysema. Manifestations: shortness of breath, increasing during exercise, chronic cough with sputum separation. It is impossible to fully cure this complication, you can only slow down the process.

The smallest bronchial wood departments. In children's pulmonology is rarely diagnosed, more often observed in adults. Symptoms:

• dyspnea;
• dry cough;
• cyanosis of the skin (sinusia);
• weakness, feverish condition.

This is especially dangerous by the obliterating form of bronchiolite with the growth of granulation, young grainy connective tissue. Such changes in the walls of bronchiole are irreversible, impede normal blood circulation and breathing, can lead to disability, even to death. Bronchiolitis is one of the reasons for the development of cardiac and respiratory failure caused by a gas exchange disorder.

The mechanism of development is:

• the internal organs receive an insufficient amount of oxygen;
• pulmonary capillar closet is reduced;
• in pulmonary artery Blood pressure increases (pulmonary hypertension);
• the "pulmonary heart" is formed with an increased right ventricle and the muscle shell sounded from its side;
• the physical activity is accompanied by a breath, discomfort is felt in the chest;
• edema develops;
• funny is possible.

Complications of purulent bronchitis

Highly heavy complications After bronchitis are observed when it purulent formAs with the phenomena of obstruction, so without them. With this disease, infection in bronchi falls both respiratory path and with blood flow or lymph. With these paths, it can spread further, so complications are possible in the form of pneumonia, as well as lesions of other organs, a common sepsis.