What is an antibiotic for a child at a temperature. Principles for prescribing antibiotics to children

Date of: 18.04.2019

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Questions and answers on: antibiotics at high temperature

2010-07-10 00:56:07

Asks Natalie:

Hello! Two weeks ago, I had a frozen pregnancy for 10 weeks. Spent curettage and 5 droppers with antibiotics ceftriaxone and metrogil. I got to the hospital with bleeding as during menstruation, the lower abdomen did not hurt. On the ultrasound, the doctor said that the uterus was empty. The week before, toxicosis disappeared and in the evening I was shivering like at high temperature. The tests were all normal, TORCH infections and did not work. Pathological conclusion: decidual tissue, chorionic villi with dystrophic changes. Frozen uterine pregnancy. I am 26 years old, my husband is 29 and we have a 2-year-old daughter. The first pregnancy was generally normal, with the exception of 9 months of toxicosis. Tests were normal, TORCH infections were normal. Please tell me what this diagnosis means and what tests need to be done to re-get pregnant after half a year. Thank you in advance!

Answers Ostroverkh Elena Ivanovna:

Usually the cause of an undeveloped pregnancy is up to 6 weeks. are genetic and chromosomal abnormalities, in later terms, infection of the fetal egg, immune disorders. You could have had a viral infection during pregnancy, for example, a respiratory infection, or now there is an infection. Check with your husband for viruses (herpes, cytomegaly), chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma, trichomonads, gonococci, papilloma virus - genital tract smears, toxoplasma blood on antibodies; and a simple tank. sowing from the vagina and cervix to the opportunistic flora (this is only for you). If necessary, treat both. Then plan your pregnancy. Good luck!

2015-11-19 14:24:25

Paul asks:

There was a high temperature (38.5) in the evening of 12/11.
13/11 - 39.5. He shot down with paracetamol. 14/11 turned to the therapist. I found no extraneous noise in my lungs. Prescribed Nimesil (2 r / d), Lazolvan (3 r / d), vitamin C (2 r / d), Pinosol, Panadol.
After taking the drugs, the temperature drops to normal. I do not feel pain in the body anywhere. I cough up (wet cough) once, about 45 minutes or an hour. I also blow my nose.
16/11 turned to another therapist who made a preliminary diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infections and some (sorry, the handwriting cannot be read at all, and the therapists cannot speak with us), if I'm not mistaken, it’s tracheitis ... I can be wrong. Prescribed the antibiotic Ospamox. Here is the first question. Is antibiotic prescribed for ARVI? This therapist did not hear extraneous noise in the lungs.
18/11 turned to the third therapist. Clinical blood and urine tests are normal. No extraneous noise was detected by this therapist.
19/11 stopped taking drugs. At 16:00 the temperature jumped to 38.8. He took Panadol. Here is the second question. Can ARVI last such a high week already, if I don’t bring down the temperature, or do I need to poke my nose somewhere in the therapist. Sorry for being rude. I'm worried about my health. Just the third therapist generally wanted to close my 18/11 sick leave. Since (he told him about it) after taking Nimesil - 36.7.
Thank you in advance! Do not forget about Ospamox :-)

Answers Agababov Ernest Danielovich:

Prescription of antibiotic therapy can be used if the doctor suspects that antibiotic therapy has been taken, such a long temperature period, an occasion for a full examination as it is not typical for acute respiratory infections, to begin with a general analysis of urine, blood, chest x-ray, further examination depending on the results inspection.

2015-01-04 09:46:08

Christina asks:

Good afternoon! Help me please! I am now abroad and my throat is very sore. The glands on both sides are covered with white dots and the back of the throat, too. I am ill for 4 days. the first 3 days the temperature rose to 39.6. Today is all day 37.5. Immediately on the first day, Flemoxin Solutab 1000 began to drink half a tablet 2 times a day, gargle with salt and lemon, alternating with iodine and calendula, but the ulcers did not go away. I was here with a doctor, but she prescribed me to drink 8 tablets per day to drink paracetamol. She said that this is a virus and that antibiotics are not needed. but I still continue to drink antibiotics. I drink Nimesil at a very high temperature. Please tell me why antibiotics do not help and abscesses do not go away? I worry like in Denmark, as I understand it, doctors are not very competent. I also often suffered from tonsillitis and ENT in Ukraine diagnosed with chronic tonsillitis. Thank you very much!

Answers Molotov Alexander Viktorovich:

Good afternoon. With exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, it is necessary to undergo 2-3 courses of complex treatment (phyto-therapy, homeopathic treatment, local, physical methods, cryo-therapy, etc.) to achieve stable remission. In the MC we carry out such treatment. www.otolaryngology.kie.ua Continue treatment for 8-10 days. Get well soon and start hardening in the summer. ENT doctor doctor of medical science MOLOTOV A.V.

2014-11-25 20:53:59

Asks Oksana:

My son is 9 years old. For about 1.5 years, he has been sick almost continuously with purulent tonsillitis. At first he was ill once a month for about a week, then after 2 weeks, then he was ill for 1 week and 1 would have been healthy. Having done rheumatic tests, the analysis showed antistreptolysin 400, rheumatoid factor up to 12, C-reactive protein up to 6. (analysis from 01/20/2014). We made 2 bicilins and hoping that everything had already passed the rheumatic tests okay 05/12/2014 and ASL-O -800. They took 2 retarpenes with a break of a month and ASL-O-600 (from 05/08/2014) .Also, they gave a throat swab and plated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (04/09/2014) and the fact that it is sensitive to 6 antibiotics, but that's all they said the doctor is very difficult for the child, you can take ceftazidime from them. They did it 10 days, 2 times a day intravenously. After that, the throat hardly bothered for 5 months. But after passing the rheumatic test again, it turned out that ASL-O-800 again! They started again purulent sore throats, in November already 2 times with a break a week, with a high temperature, a throat. At the same time, bicillin was made on October 27, and angina again 2 weeks later. An analysis was made (06/11/2014) for the Epstein-Bar virus-showed that IgG antibodies to the capsid antigen of the Epstein-Bar virus (VCA G) -10.8, all other negative .
I turned to the ENT specialist, rheumatologist, cardiologist, immunologist, infectious disease specialist, but I can’t cure the child!
Please tell me how and how to treat a child so that sore throats do not recur?
Can antistreptolysin stay at such a high level due to the Epstein-Bar virus, and how can it be reduced in addition to bicilin?
Please help, thank you very much in advance!

Answers Markov Artyom Igorevich:

Hello, Oksana! Your child has a chronic Epstein-Barr viral infection with an unknown stage of activity. Further examination by quantitative PCR method for viral DNA in blood and saliva is necessary. A priori, EBV infection is not related to recurrent tonsillitis. The main reason is the chronic focus of Staphylococcus aureus in the nasopharynx. However, in your case, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), which, incidentally, is an exclusively nosocomial infection, has also joined this focus. Elevated levels of ASLO can be caused by the presence of streptococcus in the nasopharynx or in the kidneys. So, your child most likely has a chronic bacterial mix of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus. It is impossible to cure this disease with antibiotics. It is necessary first to immunize with a staphylococcal toxoid with a course of local treatment with bacteriophages, and then a course of treatment with an auto vaccine prepared from bacterial strains isolated from a child. It is necessary to pass the bacterial cultures from the throat and nose and the bacterial cultures of urine (three times) to determine the strains of these bacteria. You can read more about the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the website of our clinic. Dr. Artem Markov

2014-11-20 01:04:13

Dmitry asks:

Hello! In 2005, he was diagnosed with brochiectasis, cirrhosis of the middle lobe of the right lung. About two weeks he was discharged from the hospital - then he entered with abscessed pneumonia on the right in the lower lobe. There was constantly high fever and terrible pain in the area of \u200b\u200bthe shoulder blades (mainly on the right). He sweated very much at night - the whole bed was wet. They made a puncture, pumped out a lot of pus. He was treated with a course of antibiotics and everything seemed to be gone. In a month after admission to the hospital was discharged. But now, after 2 weeks, I feel pain under the ribs in the lower right, and in my opinion now the pain is more pronounced than at discharge. I sweat a little at night, not as much as in case of illness, but still, before exacerbation, I did not observe this at all. The temperature is normal. Should I worry about pain and sweating, or is it a residual after puncture and treatment with a bunch of antibiotics?

Answers Vazquez Estuardo Eduardovich:

Hello Dmitry! This is observed with similar purulent-inflammatory processes for several months, because the pleura most likely could also be replaced. No need to panic. But still, consult again, it will probably be recommended to undergo a control x-ray examination now.

2014-10-14 15:48:47

Olga asks:

My husband was diagnosed with bilateral pneumonia, while the lymph nodes were inflamed. He was treated at home under the supervision of a doctor, received antibiotics for 10 days, after which they were taken to the ROY-66 hospital, there was no improvement for 15 days, and his temperature was 39.5. The doctor advises you to write out saying that it is oncology, but does not give directions, but asks to write a receipt, what should I do? How to go to work with such a temperature. At the moment, in addition to injections from the temperature, they do nothing? Thank.

Answers Agababov Ernest Danielovich:

Olga, good afternoon! Your attending physician is obliged to refer you to a specialist, if there is a suspicion of oncology, then to an oncologist. Be healthy!

2014-02-06 17:14:50

Asks Olga, 24 years old:

Hello. Of concern are frequent colds (about 5 a year), a sore throat from time to time with redness of the back wall. Diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis. Angina does not happen, the same temperature is not there, the jams are not visible, everything is clean for the third wash, the tonsils are not large. For about a year, the temperature is 36.9-37.2. It rises during the day, mainly for dinner, in the morning very rarely.
Surveyed
1. Complete blood count, about two years, elevated ESR from 20 to 35, with a norm of no more than 15. Sometimes white blood cells are slightly increased (10 with a norm of up to 9)
2. Biochemistry is normal.
Rheumatoid factor norm
C-reactive protein norm
ASLO up to 500 at a rate of 0.01-200
A decrease to 200 was observed with complex treatment (washing of the tonsils, rinsing, antibiotics, bacteriophages), then again increasing.
3. Blood sterility rate
4. Antibodies to antigens of opisthorchis, echinococcus, toxocar, Trichinella IgG negative
5. Antibodies to cytomegalovirus IgG positive (93.8)
(indicators less than 0.5 negative
greater than 1.0 positive)
6. Antibodies to cytomegalovirus IgM negative
7. Antibodies to the nuclear antigen of the Epstein-Barr virus IgG positive (32.10) (indicators less than 5 negative; more than 20 positive); Antibodies to the Epstein Barr IgM capsid protein are negative.
8. PCR diagnostics
DNA candida albicans, chlamydia pneumonia, streptococcus pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, streptococcus pyogenes in scraping was not found.
9. A swab from the throat, found staphylococcus aures 1 * 10 to 5 degrees
10. Antibodies to toxoplasmosis IgG and IgM negative
11. hormones T3, T4 free, TSH sensitive norm
12. Immunoglobulins G, M, E norm
13. Urinalysis is general and according to Nechiporenko norm
14.Kala analysis norm
15. Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, kidneys, thyroid gland, lymph nodes, mammary glands is normal
16. ECHO of the heart norm, ECG moderate change in the myocardium
17. CT scan of the chest without pathologies
18. Consultations of a gynecologist, cardiologist, dentist, infectious disease specialist, rheumatologist. Endocrinologist are all normal.
TELL! QUESTION
* Is there a test to determine the function of the tonsils?
* One doctor suggests tonsillectomy based on ASLO testimony, while others advise you to wait and heal.
* Is prolonged temperature characteristic of tonsillitis? * Can it be associated with reduced immunity?
WHAT ELSE Surveys would you recommend?

Answers Vazquez Estuardo Eduardovich:

Hello Olga.
The tests and the condition you describe indicate a chronic inflammatory process with the onset of a weakened immune system.
Answering your questions:
Is there a test to determine the function of the tonsils? - there are no specific ones, and we do not see expediency.
Different doctors - different opinions and methods of struggle, there is no problem. We would agree with a second opinion.
Is prolonged temperature characteristic of tonsillitis? - answer incl. regarding immunity, we have already written to you above.
Now we do not believe that any examinations are necessary, nor do we insist on our doctor. Examinations will be needed only periodically and at the direction and initiative of the attending physician.

2014-01-13 17:29:17

Sofia asks:

Hello. Thank you in advance. I have had my monthly cycles on 2.01.14, then became sickly sick, had a high fever, was treated with antibiotics, yesterday my blood exudations were not so strong, today they continued (as with menstruation) 01/13/14. It could have started monthly or it's complications. I feel good. Nowhere does it hurt. Thanks again.

Answers Kuzhel Natalya Anatolevna:

It is necessary to exclude pregnancy - ultrasound and donate blood for hCG. Or it may be a violation of the menstrual cycle associated with the disease.

2014-01-03 13:54:33

Irina asks:

Good afternoon!

Pregnant for 24 weeks.
During prophylactic analysis of antenatal clinics, e coli 5 * 10x5 was found in the urine bypass. drank Kanefron, perezdala - e coli 5 * 10x8. Prescribed manural 3 sachets and furomag antibiotics. for fidelity, she went to the urologist, handed over urine for nitscheporenko and again the tank was passive. according to nechiporenko, leukocytes are normal (250), in e coli 5 * 10x5 bacteriological seeding, the doctor said that if it’s not troubling during pregnancy, it’s better not to take antibiotics with a calm mind and did not take. then the painful pains began in the right side on the back, I immediately went to the uzi-conclusion- "enlargement of the right kidney kidney pathway" sizes 10.9x5.5. the doctor said that there is stagnation of urine and prescribed Augmentin 3 times a day, as well as antispasmodics (noshpa in injections). there is no high temperature (exactly 37), pain during urination is absent, the right side pulls all the same. Tell me, is the treatment prescribed correctly? I don’t want to be hospitalized, because for 2 weeks I went to the maternity hospital on preservation, only spoiled my nerves.

Answers Klofa Taras Grigorievich:

The expansion of the empty system of nirka can be used in case of vaginosis. With the appearance of such a number of microbial strengths, if there is more pain in the cross, then there’s the next priority. Yake - one of the most rejoicing and uzgoditi with a urologist and your gynecologist.

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Use of antibiotics at temperature in children and adults

Antibacterial drugs have the following main functions:

The bacteriostatic effect does not allow bacteria to multiply;
Due to the bactericidal effect, bacteria are killed by destroying the proteins of the cell wall or other components of the cells;
Some types of antibiotics can stop the inflammatory process;
Depending on the type, drugs can stimulate or, conversely, suppress immunity;
There are also antibiotics that treat tumors.

Thus, antibiotics alone do not relieve the fever, as they do not apply to, but they can be used in a febrile state, which is accompanied by a bacterial inflammatory process.

ARVI is an acute respiratory viral infection. Based on the name of the disease, the pathogen is the virus. Bacteria and viruses belong to different pathogenic phenomena. There are no cells in viruses; they are genetic material coated with protein coatings.

Since viral changes occur exclusively in the patient’s cells, it is not only useless to kill viruses with antibiotics, but also dangerous to health. Meanwhile, a sociological study shows that almost 50 percent of people are unaware of this and use antibiotics to fight viruses.

It is not wise to use antibacterial drugs if there is no high temperature. This can be unnecessarily addictive, and with the development of a bacterial infection, only the strongest and most dangerous drugs can help.

Similarly, you can not take antibiotics at a low temperature from 37 to 37.5 degrees. As a rule, low-grade fever occurs with viral activity.

In the case of a bacterial complication of viral infections with flu or colds, the doctor prescribes antibiotics.

During colds, often with a decrease in immunity to a viral infection, a bacterial complication is added. Typically, bacteria are exposed to the airways, middle ear, and nasopharynx. But even in this case, taking antibiotics is not always necessary. Treatment is prescribed based on the age of the patient, the presence of additional diseases and the severity of the infection.

How to detect bacterial activity:

The mucus that is secreted from the nose, covers the tonsils or is expectorated during coughing, has a thick consistency, yellow or greenish tint, smells unpleasant.
Body temperature during the disease rises significantly to 38 and above degrees.
Colds last more than two weeks.
When using antiseptic rinses and rinsing the nasopharynx, the therapeutic effect is practically not observed.

In particular, if with a cold, the sore throat is covered with purulent accumulations, the patient is in fever, this symbolizes the development of angina caused by staphylococcus or another microorganism. Pneumonia is a dangerous disease, so many patients cough and fever in a hurry to take antibiotics.

However, it is important to understand that self-medication should not be carried out, the attending physician should choose the drugs on the basis of the examination, the diagnosis and additional studies. In some cases, an X-ray examination of the chest is prescribed for this, and bacteriological culture of sputum is also taken.

In any case, antibiotics should not act as first assistants when the symptoms of the disease appear. On the contrary, such a drug is used when other medicines help are not valid. You can not take antibiotics in case of sore throat without fever, since tonsillitis and pharyngitis are not accompanied by a fever.

You can not use antibacterial drugs and when the temperature rises above 39 degrees, since the cause of this condition can be completely different factors.

If the patient is sure that the disease is caused by bacterial activity, treatment should be carried out only after consultation with the doctor.

Rules for the use of antibiotics

In order to maximize the benefits of antibiotic treatment, certain rules must be followed.

If the infection is accompanied by a strong fever, you can not combine antibiotic treatment with antipyretic drugs. Antibacterial agents alone will help lower the temperature in two days, when the inflammatory process is stopped and the bacterial activity subsides. If you take a cure for heat in parallel, due to the absence of symptoms it will be difficult to determine whether the disease has subsided.
If within three days of using the drug no improvement is observed, you need to re-visit the doctor and choose another remedy, since this is not suitable.
In the event that after three days obvious improvements are noticeable, you still need to continue taking the antibacterial medicine. Such a condition signals that the drug is acting, and not about the complete destruction of bacteria. If you interrupt the treatment course, the disease may return, with the resumption of treatment, addiction may develop, because of which the drug will have to be changed.

Since a temperature of 38 degrees can be observed with both bacterial and viral activity, the drug should be taken after the diagnosis is clarified. In this case, food poisoning cannot be treated with such a remedy, since this will destroy the microflora. And in the video in this article we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the advice of Israeli experts on the issue of antibiotics.

Children's cough is always a cause for concern not only for the child himself, but also for his parents, who often immediately practice antibiotics for children with a cough without fever. It can be caused by various causes, most often, viral ailments and colds, bacterial infections. In this case, a cough spasm can be of a different nature, as well as be accompanied by other symptoms of a cold infection. However, the presence of a cough is far from always the reason for the need to take antibacterial drugs, only a doctor can determine their importance in therapy.

Before deciding on treatment, the district doctor must establish the true cause of the cough spasm. Medications are selected depending on the source of the cough, for example, an allergy is often accompanied by severe irritation of the mucous membranes, causing lacrimation and all the symptoms of acute respiratory ailments. In this case, the use of antibacterial drugs will not make any sense, but only harm the already weakened children's body.

A cough spasm can be caused by mechanical damage to the mucous membrane of the throat, in this case, the use of any medicine for bacteria will also not make sense, since its signs will disappear along with healing. Some parents, preferring not to go to the doctor again, start antibiotic treatment for cough caused by a viral infection. However, antibacterial drugs have absolutely no effect on viral formations, but only reduce the immunity of the child's body, which is necessary to combat external stimuli.

The use of antibacterial drugs for coughing in a child makes sense if the doctor has clearly established bacterial infection in the body. You can determine this by the following criteria:

Symptoms increase gradually, coughing, runny nose and fever appear in a few days.
Shortness of breath is present.
The temperature rises above 38 degrees, and after it was brought down by antipyretic drugs, after the end of their action, it grows again. A high temperature can be maintained with a bacterial infection for more than three days.
The presence of various signs of intoxication of the body with pathogenic microbes, they can manifest themselves even in the form of vomiting and diarrhea.
Lethargy and drowsiness, as well as noticeable fatigue against the background of prolonged high temperature.
Absolute indications for taking antibacterial drugs are such ailments as whooping cough, tracheitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis and pleurisy.

However, even the presence of these symptoms is not a reason for self-administration of antibacterial drugs without the participation of a pediatrician. Many antibiotics not only have strong side effects, but are also contraindicated in childhood. Only a qualified doctor can deal with the selection of the drug.

What is the peculiarity of children's antibiotics?

Treatment with antibacterial drugs is a dangerous action, especially for a baby immature organism. However, in some cases, medication of this kind cannot be dispensed with. There is a certain group of antibacterial drugs that are approved for use in childhood. Such drugs are distinguished by a special composition that does not harm children's health, since their effect is gentle.

The main feature in choosing an antibacterial agent is to determine the need for their administration.

Only a doctor can engage in such activities, since self-medication attempts pose a risk to endanger the health of the child. Since in early childhood there is a certain problem with taking medications, preference should be given to suspensions and other liquid forms. Pills are not suitable for all children, since swallowing them can cause a gag reflex. That is why, most often, antibacterial drugs are prescribed for children in the form of a dry substrate, which is converted into a suspension using ordinary boiled water. A measuring spoon complete with medicine will allow you to accurately calculate the dosage.

If the child’s body categorically does not take medication in oral form, the only way out of the situation remains intramuscular or intravenous administration. In the first case, the attending physician prescribes injections, which is no less common practice for complicated infectious diseases, in the second case, a course of droppers is carried out, which is preferably carried out in a hospital setting.

The choice of dosage and frequency of taking a children's antibiotic is affected not only by the disease itself, but also by the age and weight of the child. The duration of the course is usually determined by the complications that are possible with a particular disease. In addition, if the onset of improvements is too protracted, the doctor may consider it appropriate to extend the duration of admission to the maximum allowed.

Children's antibiotics may be narrowly targeted and not suitable in each case. If during treatment with an antibacterial drug there is no visible improvement, treatment adjustment and drug change are required, and only a pediatrician can carry out this action.

Since antibacterial drugs have a large list of side effects, an important point is the constant monitoring of the condition of the child. In addition to the pediatrician, his parents should monitor the condition of the baby. The slightest deviations from the previous state for the worse require a second examination of the doctor.

The names of the best antibiotics for cough in a child with and without fever

Treatment of cough, regardless of the cause of its appearance, as well as the presence of concomitant symptoms, is carried out through a single drug. Its change is possible only if there is no positive dynamics of treatment, and only a doctor can prescribe a new drug. Most often, with a children's cough, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed, which have a negative effect on various pathogenic microorganisms.

The purpose of a narrowly targeted drug is difficult to determine the type of pathogen. An analysis of this type is not available in every clinic, and the duration of its wait can be up to two weeks, which can become a critical moment for the child's body.

Each drug is prescribed based on the type of ailment, as well as the age and weight of the child. In this case, it is worth considering the possibility of having individual allergic reactions to a particular component in its composition.

The most common drugs in pediatrics are as follows:

"Flemoxin Solutab." It is indicated for chronic bronchitis, pneumonia and various forms of tonsillitis, accompanied by high body temperature. Possible use from an early childhood. It is forbidden for allergic reactions of the food type.
Amoxicillin. One of the most widely used cough medications, prescribed regardless of the presence of high fever, provided that a bacterial infection has been diagnosed. Allowed for newborn babies, even those considered premature. The use of the drug is not recommended for bowel diseases, renal failure, asthma and blood diseases, since it affects the composition of the plasma.
"Augmentin." It is indicated for ENT diseases, tonsillitis and bronchitis of varying severity. Approved for therapy from the age of three months, the baby, however, is not strictly recommended for use in liver diseases.
"Ecoclave". Preference is given to this drug for any form of bronchitis, it is used to eliminate an outbreak of pneumonia with a high temperature and is effective against sore throats. It is approved for use from birth, but is prohibited in diseases of the renal system.
Amoxiclav. The Augmentin analogue is used to treat obstructive bronchitis accompanied by severe cough. Also effective for laryngitis and tracheitis, it is allowed from birth.
Suprax. It is effective for bronchitis accompanied by high fever, but its use is allowed only from the six-month-old age of the child. Chronic kidney disease is the main contraindication for use.
"Sumamed." Another variant of a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug. It is most often used to treat high-temperature bronchitis and pneumonia. Allowed from six months.

The choice of an antibacterial drug for a child, therefore, is a serious undertaking requiring qualified knowledge. After examining the baby, the pediatrician will be able to make a diagnosis, determine the feasibility of taking antibacterial drugs, and also make a choice of medication and determine its dosage, frequency and duration of therapy.

Oh, these antibiotics! Under what beautiful names are issued, what golden mountains promise! I drank a magic pill - and everything went. From what it is actually necessary to drink antibiotics and whether to give them to the baby - we decide together in this article.

Do not resort to antibiotics every time, otherwise the child’s immunity will unlearn how to deal with infections on their own.

Antibiotic, what are you?

Antibiotics are substances of natural or synthetic origin that inhibit the activity of bacteria and some microscopic fungi. Unlike antiseptics, antibiotics can act not only externally, but also be active inside the body.

The discovery of antibiotics has made effective the treatment of some serious diseases, such as anthrax. They also began to be widely used in severe injuries, injuries and after operations to suppress purulent processes.

At the moment, there are many types of these drugs, including the so-called "broad-spectrum antibiotics", which are often prescribed even with an unspecified diagnosis.

Types of Antibiotics

There are a great many antibiotics, and they are classified according to several signs - according to the mechanism of action on the bacterium, on the structure and type of action on the cell (bactericidal and bacteriostatic). It is also important to separate antibiotics by their effects on different types of bacteria:

acting on cocci (staphylococci, meningococci, streptococci and others), as well as corinobacteria and clostridia - 1st generation cephalosporins, benzylpenicillin, macrolides, bicillins, lincomycin;
a wide spectrum of action, especially pathogenic for gram-positive rods - 2nd generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines (not recommended until 8 years old), chloramphenicol (undesirable for newborns), semisynthetic penicillins, aminoglycosides;
"Specializing" in gram-negative sticks - 3rd generation cephalosporins, polymyxins;
anti-tuberculosis - streptomycin, florimycin, rifampicin;
acting on fungi - nystatin, diflucan, levorin, ketoconazole.

When antibiotics are needed

Antibiotic treatment in children is definitely necessary for the following diseases:

acute purulent sinusitis or exacerbation of its chronic form;
paratonsillitis;
acute tonsillitis caused by streptococcus;
otitis media in infants up to six months;
epiglottitis;
paratonsillitis;
pneumonia.

Inflammation of the lungs without antibiotics cannot be defeated!

It is also possible to prescribe antibiotic therapy in children with otitis media over six months and in children with exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis.

Fever without other symptoms is no reason to be treated with antibiotics. But there are two exceptions when the use of cephalosporins of 2-3 generations is indicated for fever (only if it is impossible to examine in the hospital!):

Children under 3 years old - at a temperature above 39 degrees.
Babies younger than 3 months old - at a temperature greater than 38 degrees.

ARVI, ARI and other children's "colds" in a typical course (with cough, snot, temperature) and without complications do not require the use of antibiotics! All of them are caused by viruses, and antibiotics for viruses DO NOT WORK! A bacterial infection can join a viral infection, this is judged after 5-7 days of illness, if there is no improvement in the condition of the baby.

What will happen if antibiotics are not given in the above cases? It is likely that with good immunity, the body will cope on its own, but the process will be longer and the baby will spend more on the body’s internal resources. And we cannot say that our children have uniquely good immunity - the environment, not always the right diet, heredity do their job - therefore, in order to avoid complications and other unpleasant consequences, give children antibiotics for confirmed bacterial infections.

And how to confirm the nature of the infection?

The simplest way to confirm the nature of the infection with a common cold or other respiratory disease is to take a general blood test. Deciphering the results of a general (clinical) blood test will help to dot all i in the treatment of the baby. And how to decipher them yourself - we read in our article "General blood test - decoding of mysterious signs." If the doctor prescribes antibiotics without analysis, ask for a referral for a general analysis or offer to do it at your own expense / reward. As Komarovsky says, choosing between a pharmacy and a laboratory, you need to run to the laboratory.

All infectious diseases of the throat are treated with antibiotics.

The doctor may also prescribe special studies, for example, taking smears, to determine the nature of the infection.

Therapy rules for children

Drink antibiotics only with the confirmed microbial or fungal nature of the disease.
When choosing a medicine, tell your doctor if you have been treated with antibiotics - and which ones - in the last 3 months.
Choose medicines in tablets or syrup, but not in injections.
Try not to use antipyretic drugs, as they can “smear” the picture of antibiotic therapy.

Even high fever is not brought down by antipyretics, if antibiotics are given to the child in parallel.

And cure and cripple

Even the most low-toxic and “safe” from the point of view of pharmaceutical companies antibiotics are harmful to humans. The thing is that, when these compounds get into the body, they don’t understand “who is the enemy, and who is the friend”, they destroy the cells of all bacilli - both enemies (pathogenic) and local residents (that is, our microflora, primarily in the digestive tract and some other mucous membranes). Violates the very one, praised by advertisers, the balance of microflora, which leads to poor digestion, gas, problems with stools and other delights. Also, the use of antibiotics can cause thrush, more often in girls.

Antibiotics can cause problems in the digestive system.

Another consequence of the unreasonable use of antibiotics is an increase in the resistance of bacteria to them. That is, bacteria "get used" to antibiotics, developing certain defense mechanisms. What is dangerous bacillus resistance for the baby? Accustomed bacteria are not afraid of even strong good antibiotics, which greatly complicates the treatment. Hence the concept of “cured immunity”, when the child does not respond to recovery, even to intensive care.

Sometimes antibiotic therapy is necessary, and young mothers tear their hair and curse themselves and their ancestors in the third generation. But antibiotics are not as dangerous as they are often described in the media or on benches at the entrance. It is simply necessary to timely support the microflora of the digestive tract of the baby by all available means:

breastfeed as much as possible: breast milk contains a growth factor for dairy flora;
support the digestive glands with drugs like Creon 10000, Hilak Forte;
populate the baby's gastrointestinal tract with beneficial microflora with the help of drugs (Bifidumbacterin) or food (Bifidoc, Acidophilus), if the baby is not breast-fed.

Read our article - How to properly restore a child’s body after antibiotic therapy →

List of antibiotics for children

The most popular antibiotics for children should be known to any competent mother:

Amoxicillin is a group of penicillins, the spectrum of action is quite wide. They are used for pneumonia, otitis media, tonsillitis, pharyngitis and sinusitis, as well as cystitis or urethritis. Granules for preparing a suspension / syrup are convenient, they are diluted with boiled water. For children under 2 years of age - a quarter of a teaspoon, up to 5 years - half. The price is an average of 150 rubles.

This drug is suitable for the smallest children.

Review of mother of Eve, 1 year:

“We were prescribed Augmentin for bronchitis, a teaspoon 2 times a day. I read the instructions and turned gray: Eve’s weight is TWO TIMES LESS. In general, they drank according to the instructions for a week. The temperature returned to normal as they began to drink it. ”

Zinacef - 2nd generation cephalosporin, a wide range of effects, indications: otitis media, pneumonia, frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, cystitis. For injection only. Children are prescribed 30-100 mg per 1 kg of weight per day. Diluted with water for injection. It costs from 130 rubles.
Zinnat - 2nd generation cephalosporin, granules for suspension are convenient. Indications: diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, ENT organs, urogenital infections. Not recommended for children under 3 months. Dosage of 10 mg per 1 kg of baby's weight, give twice a day. The cost is from 200 rubles.

Zinnat should not be given to children under 3 years old!

Sumamed - the active substance azithromycin, belongs to azalides, a wide spectrum of action on bacteria. Indications: sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia. Contraindicated in babies up to 6 months. Before use, shake the bottle, after swallowing, allow to drink with water to swallow all the granules. A dosage of 10 mg per kg of the child’s weight is given once a day, the course of treatment is 3 days. The average price of the drug is 230 rubles.

Says Rita, Gelendzhik:

“The whole family went down with ARVI, the child was 7 months old. The doctor prescribed Sumamed. I thought and thought, I’ve digged up the whole Internet, I’ve plucked my girlfriends - I didn’t give it to my son. The nose was washed, breast fed, slept all day. I believe that the doctor ordered us to get rid of it. ”

Suprax is the active antibiotic cefixime, 3rd generation cephalosporin. Treatment of infections of the ENT organs, bronchitis, otitis media, infections of the genitourinary system. Banned for children under six months old. From 6 months to a year - from 2 to 4 ml per 1 kg of weight, older than 2 years - 5 ml. Divide the dosage into 2-3 doses. Granules are diluted with boiled water at room temperature. The medicine costs about 500 rubles.
Flemoxin Solutab - the active substance amoxicillin, an intestinal antibiotic. It is indicated for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular bacterial intestinal infections. Children 1-3 years old 250 mg of the drug twice a day or 125 mg three times. Children under one year of age are counted 30 mg per 1 kg per day, the dose should be divided by 2-3 times. The price is about 250 rubles.
Ceftriaxone - 3rd generation cephalosporin, is available as an intramuscular and intravenous injection, is contraindicated in premature infants and newborns with jaundice. Newborns up to 2 weeks old - 20-50 mg per 1 kg of baby's weight per day, older - from 20 to 75 per kilogram. The course is at least 4 days, depending on the pathogen. The injections are very painful. Cost in the region of 19 rubles per ampoule.

Remember that antibiotic injections are an extreme case of therapy, and in situations where there is no threat to the child’s life or atypical strange symptoms, you need to choose suspensions or tablets (for children who can chew). Also, antibiotics are not produced in the form of rectal suppositories. If the baby refuses to drink the suspension, try mixing it with jam or other food that he loves.

Yaroslav, Kaliningrad:

“My daughter was prescribed an antibiotic to prick when she had a temperature of 38 for two days without any other symptoms. She was then 4 months old. The doctor got scared and said to pierce. The baby screamed, of course, very much, my whole heart sank. The temperature fell by night, never came back. What kind of illness was this - we do not know. But this antibiotic wears off and now, at 3 years old - irregular stools, constipation, and since then she got an allergy, it is not known what, to this day she puts cheeks and hands on. ”

Elena, mother of Yegor, Chita region:

“We changed the antibiotic twice! Our doctor is a golden man, every day she came to us, looked at the condition. Quickly canceled the first when she saw that the condition is not improving! She didn’t hang the blame on us, they picked up another - Sumamed, but an allergy got on him. Then she advised the third one, I don’t remember the name, he helped, the next morning my son’s throat softened, I was able to drink. ”

Natalia, Brest:

“The antibiotic Augmentin has been in my medicine cabinet for a year, I have never given it to either the oldest or the youngest. She drank it after the operation, the stomach “breaks”. But if there is a need - I will give, you need to set priorities correctly. In colds, they themselves as cucumbers after 3 days, and if that’s what - then heavy artillery will be used. ”

findings

antibiotics are friends of a person with their proper use;
they do not treat viral infections, do not lower the body temperature during fever;
antibiotics fight bacteria and some microscopic fungi;
drink antibiotics only if bacterial or fungal infection is confirmed;
in conjunction with antibiotic therapy, medications or food with probiotics must be taken.

Inna Urminskaya

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Antibiotics for children

Recently, antibiotics for children are often prescribed with or without. The culture of taking antibiotics is impaired, often because of the inexperience of doctors. For example, ARVI in uncomplicated form does not require antibiotic treatment, however, this simple rule is ignored, which leads to resistance - addiction to the antibiotic. Side effects of taking antibiotics in children are also a violation of the intestinal microflora (dysbiosis), an increased risk of unwanted reactions of a sensitive young organism. In addition, antibiotics do not act on viruses, do not give an antipyretic effect, and are not a panacea for bacterial complications. Not to mention the fact that the unjustified intake of these drugs hits the wallet of parents. In this regard, Likar.info invites parents to get acquainted with the basic principles of prescribing antibiotics to children, indications and contraindications for their use, as well as types of antibiotics for children.

Principles for prescribing antibiotics to children

Prescribing antibiotics to children should be clearly argued. Antibiotics for children are needed if:

The nature of the disease is bacterial

It is necessary to be 90-100% sure that the disease is bacterial in nature. Otherwise, avoiding complications will not be easy. As you know, not all bacteria harm the body, some of them are more than useful. And taking an antibiotic, if there are simply no harmful microorganisms, can disrupt a healthy microflora and kill “good” bacteria. Of course, not all clinical symptoms of the disease appear the same in all patients. Even with microbiological studies, errors occur. And as soon as it became known that in fact the disease was not caused by bacteria, therapy should be stopped. If the analysis showed that the pathogen turned out to be a different type of bacteria, the antibiotic is immediately replaced by another.

It is recommended to choose antibiotics, taking into account information about a particular region where a certain pathogen lives. It is also important to consider antibacterial therapy that the child did / did not take 2-3 months before taking the antibiotic, otherwise, you can increase the resistance of bacteria to the new drug.

Age and risk excluded

If your child has been prescribed aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfanilamides or fluoroquinolones, ask if they can be replaced with less aggressive analogues. These drugs are very toxic and should not be used to treat young children. Medicines such as tetracyclines have been used since only 8 years old, and fluoroquinolones - not earlier than 18. Before taking the antibiotic, make sure that it corresponds to the age category of your child.

The method of using the antibiotic is correctly selected

If possible, it is best to take antibiotics orally (like regular tablets). If it is necessary to administer the drug without the mediation of the gastrointestinal tract (in the form of injections), this should be done in a hospital setting, you should not refuse hospitalization.

The doctor controls the treatment

This item is directly related to the previous one. Treatment of children with antibiotics is necessary under the supervision of a specialist. Sometimes starting antibacterial therapy does not work and there is a need to change it (prescribe another drug, change the dose, etc.). For example, if the long-awaited improvement in the state of health is not observed 48-72 hours after the start of the course of treatment, or vice versa, the child’s well-being worsens and the disease progresses. You also need to change the nature of therapy when severe side effects occur.

Antibiotic therapy is not combined with such medicines:

You will be interested: How bacteria differ from viruses

Indications for the use of antibiotics in children

The use of antibiotics by children is justified only in the case of the bacterial nature of the disease. However, viruses very often cause symptoms similar to bacterial infections, which greatly complicates the choice of treatment tactics. Only laboratory diagnostics, which nowadays are not cheap, help. However, in this case, the game is worth the candle: it is better to make sure that antibiotics solve the problem, and will not be taken in vain. Unreasonable use of antibiotics is fraught with the fact that when they are really needed, the body may be able to respond to them.

Relying on past experience or the advice of loved ones (supposedly, the girlfriend’s child helped and will help mine), you risk not saving, but harming. Therefore, when it comes to choosing antibiotics for children, the question of parental responsibility and a professional approach to the issue is especially acute. To come to the pediatrician’s appointment and undergo all the necessary diagnostic procedures is the main task of the parent. And already the doctor decides whether the child needs an antibiotic, if so, what and in what dosage, how much to take, etc. You should not suspect the doctor of unprofessionalism, if he quickly determined the diagnosis and prescribed the drug. Some antibiotics have a wide spectrum of effects that have truly proven their worth in medical practice.

Taking antibiotics is 100% justified with:

Antibiotics for children have a gentle effect on the body and are most often used for streptococcal tonsillitis and pharyngitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media, pneumonia and urinary tract infections. In all cases, taking antibiotics has its own characteristics.

Antibiotics for children with streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis most often occurs in children aged 5-15 years, especially in winter and spring, when air humidity decreases, sharp temperature changes are observed. Bacterial pharyngitis is not common, but streptococcal tonsillitis, on the contrary, in 90-95% of cases. Streptococcal tonsillitis is an acute form of angina, which occurs both due to adverse weather conditions, and in connection with heredity. Both diseases respond well to antibiotic treatment and are not dangerous if their bacterial nature is proven. With streptococcal tonsillitis, antibiotics of the penicillin or cephalosporin groups are prescribed. Macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, co-trimoxazole are not used due to resistance or inefficiency.

When streptococcal tonsillitis is prescribed:

If tonsillitis returns again and again, it may be resistance to natural penicillins. In such cases, appoint:

You will be interested: Antibiotics - both friends and enemies

Antibiotics for children with sinusitis

Sinusitis - a fairly common disease among children of all age categories, often occurs with complicated acute respiratory infections. Most bacterial pathogens of sinusitis (and there are several types of such bacteria) are sensitive to aminopinicellins and cephalosporins. Therefore, doctors, given information about the causative agents of a particular region and the patient's condition, prescribe a specific antibiotic. Sometimes it is necessary to find out with the help of an analysis which bacterium caused the disease, this happens in the case of recurrent and chronic sinusitis. Many doctors in the treatment of severe sinusitis in children prefer amoxicillin / clavulanate. In milder forms of the disease, the following are used:

Amoxicillin
A-Clav
Amoxicillin / Sulbactam
Tsifuroksim aksetil
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Roxithromycin

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Antibiotics for children with acute otitis media

Acute otitis media often occurs in children aged 3 months to 3 years and requires antibiotic therapy only in complex cases. If after 48-72 hours after taking painkillers and vasoconstrictors, the child’s condition has not improved, depending on the pathogen strain, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

You will be interested: What the ears say: 6 signs of the disease

Antibiotics for children with pneumonia

Pneumonia in children can develop at home (community-acquired) or in a hospital (hospital). Children under 1 year of age who have signs of infection and fever, as well as older children with symptoms of toxicosis and hypoxia, are treated in a hospital setting. Pneumonia can be both viral and bacterial, however, antibiotics are prescribed in both cases. Why? Existing research methods do not allow to quickly determine the causative agents of pneumonia, and since bacterial pneumonia requires immediate antibiotic treatment, doctors recommend not delay. The choice of drug depends on the age of the child and the severity of the symptoms. Most often with pneumonia in children, the following are used:

Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin / clavulanate
Cefuroxime axetil
Erythromycin
Midecamycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Roxithromycin
Spiramycin
Amoxicillin / Sulbactam

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Antibiotics for children with urinary tract infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are divided into upper (pyelonephritis) and lower (cystitis, urethritis) urinary tract infections. UTIs in children are rare and can be asymptomatic. Up to 1 year of age, urinary tract diseases affect boys more often, while in girls, the incidence of these infections increases with age. The causative agent of UTI is mainly Enterobacteriaceae.

In acute cystitis, the following are prescribed:

A-Clav (suspension for 3-fold use - from birth, 2-fold use - from 2 months)
Fosformicin trometamol (for children from 5 years)
Cefuroxime axetil
Nitrofurantonin
Nalidixic acid

In acute pyelonephritis in children:

A-Clav
Cefuroxime
Ceftibutene
Gentamicin
Netilmicin
Amikacin

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When antibiotics for children are not needed

ARI. Uncomplicated acute respiratory infections are not treated with antibiotics, because in most cases ARIs are caused by viruses, not bacteria. Sometimes (on the 5-7th day of a viral infection), bacteria attach to the virus, causing superinfection. This is an occasion to change the tactics of treatment and prescribe antibiotics. However, the presence of bacteria must be confirmed by analysis. If the analysis showed the absence of the virus, this does not mean the presence of a bacterial pathogen, and there should be no reason to conduct antibiotic therapy, including in children.

Rhinitis. And even with mucopurulent rhinitis, which often manifests as a result of complications after a cold, does not always require antibiotic treatment. Antibiotics for rhinitis are prescribed only when it lasts longer than two weeks and is accompanied by fever, swelling, or pain in the paranasal sinuses and can cause acute sinusitis.

Pharyngitis. A similar situation is with pharyngitis. This disease is most often caused by viruses, even when accompanied by problems of the respiratory system (rhinitis, bronchitis, laryngitis, tracheitis). And only if pharyngitis is caused by bacteria of beta-hemolytic streptococcal group A, can and should drink antibiotics.

Cough. Coughing in children with acute respiratory infections is not treated with antibiotics, even if it develops into an acute or obstructive pulmonary disease - bronchitis. The same goes for a protracted cough, even if other symptoms of ARI have disappeared - no antibiotics! If a child has a cold and coughs for more than two weeks, an etiological analysis should be done for the presence of whooping cough or other bacterial infections. If the test results confirm the presence of these pathogens, antibiotics are justified.

Hyperthermia. High fever, fever, fever can be a symptom of serious diseases and require additional diagnosis before using an antibiotic. The exception is only infants and children under 3 years of age, which cannot be examined at a temperature of 38-39 and above. In such cases, the antibiotic cephalosporin is prescribed.

You will be wondering: Why do doctors prescribe antibiotics for ARVI

If antibiotics cannot be avoided: how to reduce harm

You can reduce the harm caused by antibiotic exposure to a child by following a few simple rules:

Antibiotics for children are prescribed by your doctor. Most antibiotics are sold over the counter in pharmacies, however, this does not mean that they can be self-medicated. Even if the child fell ill with the same disease a second time and you well remember the name of the drug and the rules for its administration, it is impossible to carry out repeated antibiotic therapy without consulting a doctor. Sometimes, a often recurring disease means that the antibiotic was not effective, or as a result of its use, an organism became addictive. This means that it must be replaced with an analog.
Treatment of children with antibiotics occurs in courses (5-14 days). Improving the condition should not serve as a reason to stop prem drugs. The decision to start and end antibiotic therapy is made by the doctor.
Taking antibiotics should be strictly according to the recommendations. The age of the child, the type and severity of the disease, the general condition of the body, the individual tolerance of the drug - all these factors affect the type of antibiotic, its dosage and frequency of administration. By changing the time of administration (before or after meals), the number of doses (1-2 times a day) or the dose, you can reduce the entire course of therapy to nothing. It must be borne in mind that antibiotics for children are serious and responsible.
If the antibiotic is taken at home, and after 48-72 hours there is no improvement, you should consult a doctor who may advise you to replace the drug with another.
Oral antibiotics should be washed down with clean water, not any other liquid.
To keep the intestinal microflora of the child healthy, prebiotics and probiotics (bifidobacteria or lactobacilli), as well as absorbent agents (Enterosgel or Polysorb) can be prescribed to maintain it. Ignore the intake of these drugs is not worth it.
To reduce the harm from antibiotics, you must follow a diet. During treatment, do not give your child anything fatty, fried and smoked to protect the baby’s liver from additional stress.

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How can a child recover from antibiotics

A few simple tips will help restore a child’s body after taking antibiotics:

To restore the intestinal microflora for some time in the diet of the child must necessarily be fermented milk products (yogurt, kefir, yogurt, gerolact, fermented baked milk);
Enrich your baby’s diet with foods containing pectins and fiber (pectin — apples, pears, peaches, figs, pineapples, apricots, oranges, dates, carrots, blueberries, mangoes; fiber — cocoa, rye and wheat bran, flax seeds, dried mushrooms, rose hips , whole grain bread, almonds, sesame seeds, green peas).
And do not forget about protein (supports the immune system and neutralizes toxins of pathogenic microorganisms, restores the liver).

When to give antibiotics to a child at a temperature: basic recommendations for parents

Almost 50% of mothers tend to use antibiotics when their baby's temperature jumps. The rationale for such actions is as follows: antibiotics belong to the category of drugs that help from almost everything. This opinion is erroneous, because any drug necessarily has its purpose. Antibiotics are often intended to fight bacterial species of microorganisms that provoke various types of diseases.

Why do children have a fever?

An increase in body temperature in a child is a sign that the immune system is functioning properly. When the temperature rises, it means that the immune system resists the invasion of microorganisms. The baby's body is more exposed to viruses and bacteria than an adult. This is due to the fact that the children's body is still very weak, so the negative impact of viruses and infections leads to an increase in the readings of the thermometer.

It's important to know! In most cases, the causes of a temperature increase in a child are viral diseases.

It will not be difficult to identify the reasons that high temperature was provoked through exposure to a viral nature. Indeed, with colds, symptoms such as cough, runny nose, general malaise, muscle pain, etc. are manifested. Moreover, it is important to note that all these symptoms develop almost immediately along with the development of intense heat.

Is it possible for children to have antibiotics for colds

Before you start giving your child antibiotics, you need to make sure that these actions are rational. With colds, antibiotics will not only not help the child, but will also affect the decrease in the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestine. This will lead to problems in the functioning of not only the intestines, but also the entire digestive system, as a result of which complications can occur.

Antibiotics are not intended to combat the viral nature, so their use for colds is not rational. Of course, antibiotics can “bring down” the high temperature with a cold, but is it necessary to do this? After all, drugs, and even more so, of the antibiotic plan, are not at all harmless drugs. They contribute to the destruction of not only pathogenic bacteria, but also beneficial microorganisms, without which the work of many organs and systems is disrupted.

It's important to know! After treatment with antibiotics, the child will have symptoms such as dysbiosis, diarrhea, diarrhea, etc. in addition to the common cold.

In addition, it is important to note that after the use of antibiotics, a significant decrease in immunity is observed, therefore, the chances for an independent rid of the body of viruses tend to zero. Prescribe antibiotics to children in exceptional cases, when the doctor, after previously obtained test results, makes a diagnosis associated with bacterial infection of the body.

Bacterial infection and methods for its recognition

Bacterial infection can be both an independent manifestation and a complication of viral etiology. In order to determine a bacterial infection, it will take not only time, but also a number of different tests. The main signs that a child develops a bacterial infection are:

If not so long ago a child underwent a course of treatment for colds, but after some time the symptoms are repeated in a more complicated form. With a bacterial nature, body temperature rises to 39-40 degrees and decreases only with the help of antipyretic drugs.
If in babies up to 3 months the temperature is kept up to 38 degrees, and in children older than 39 degrees for three or more days. Such signs indicate that it is necessary to resort to more rational methods of treatment.
If a child has symptoms such as a sore throat, without obvious signs of coughing, as well as general malaise, headache and lack of appetite.

All these signs make it clear that you need to immediately resort to the appointment of antibiotics. Before you start giving antibiotics, you must necessarily consult a doctor. The doctor will not only confirm the diagnosis of bacterial etiology, but also determine the type of pathogen that needs to be controlled.

It's important to know! Parents should give antibiotics to children only in exceptional cases, when the doctor prescribes this or that drug. Making a decision about prescribing antibiotics to a child is strictly prohibited.

Features of proper treatment

When should children be given antibiotic drugs? That question is quite popular among mothers who have children aged 0 to 5 years. School children have a stronger immunity, so they get sick much less often.

If a child has a high temperature due to the viral nature, then resorting to the use of antibiotics is strictly prohibited. If the temperature is low to 38 degrees, then use antipyretic drugs, there is also no need. As soon as it is accurately established that the child has a cold or ARVI, the doctor will prescribe antiviral drugs:

Anaferon;
Orvirem
Remantadine;
Laferobion;
Nazoferon.

If the baby has a significant increase in temperature with a cold, then you can give an antipyretic, for example, Nurofen. In addition to the main therapy to combat viral etiology, for treatment they resort to such actions as gargling, nasal instillation, and the use of mucolytics. As soon as the virus is defeated, the temperature will begin to drop that hour and the child will immediately feel better.

Taking antibiotics at the initial stage of the development of the disease is strictly prohibited. What day is it necessary to resort to the use of antibiotic drugs? First you need to make sure that the developing disease is bacterial in nature.

It's important to know! If high body temperature lasts for a long period of time over 3 days, then you should definitely resort to taking antibiotics.

What antibiotic should be given to the child should be prescribed by a doctor. All antibiotics target a certain type of bacteria. If within 3-4 days after the mother started giving her baby antibiotics, no improvement is observed, then it is required to inform the doctor about this. This is due to the fact that antibiotics do not have a positive effect, so you need to replace them with others.

Temperature is an indirect indicator of the effectiveness of the drug used. If the fever does not begin to subside on the second day after taking the antibiotic, then you need to resort to the use of other means. If you start using one type of antibiotic, you should conduct a course of therapy to the end, the duration of which is 3-5 days.

It's important to know! If the body temperature after the mother gives the antibiotic begins to subside, then the diagnosis is correct and the treatment gives positive results.

Children's types of antibiotic drugs

Antibiotics are called children's, because they are available directly in forms convenient for children. Every mother knows that giving a child up to a year to drink pills is practically unrealistic, unless she is crushed into powder. Based on this, it follows that for children under the age of 5 years, antibiotics are produced in the form of a suspension or syrup. To prepare the suspension, you need to dilute the powder or granules in warm water, and then give the baby to drink them.

Older children after 5 years can use self-dissolving tablets. Even if the child cannot take such a pill, then it should be dissolved in a small amount of water, and then give to the baby. For children from 7-8 years old, you can already give tablets in the shell, which should be swallowed and washed down with water. From the age of 12 they set the application form in the form of gelatin capsules.

In order for parents not to resort to the use of antibiotic drugs for any reason, funds of this kind are dispensed in pharmacies strictly according to the prescription. Such a "non-water" use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of a huge number of new types of strains of bacteria. These bacteria have developed the resistance of the immune system to the effects of a wide variety of antibiotics.

It's important to know! Parents should understand what a personal opinion is, “give the child an antibiotic, and there will be no complications”, is extremely erroneous. In this way, you make worse not only yourself, but also those around you, because bacteria become more and more stable, and therefore invincible.

For children, the following types of antibiotics are used:

Ampicillin
Summamed
Ceftriaxone;
Cefotaxime;
Clarithromycin

When a baby has bacterial complications, an intramuscular injection is prescribed.

Having received the answer to the question of when antibiotics should be given to a child at a high temperature, it can be noted that these drugs are not always useful. So that antibiotics do not provoke complications, it is important for parents to contact doctors and observe the following recommendations:

It is strictly forbidden to give antibiotic drugs together with antipyretic drugs.
You can not stop taking antibiotics until a full therapeutic course has been completed. This recommendation is neglected by 95% of mothers, as a result of which their children suffer repeated outbreaks of bacterial diseases.
The use of antibiotic drugs as a prophylactic is categorically contraindicated.
Antibiotics should be given to the child only for 3-4 days, if the high temperature does not decrease.
Provide the baby with a plentiful drink at a high temperature to prevent the development of symptoms of dehydration.
When using antibiotics, do not forget about the use of bifidobacteria to restore intestinal microflora.
Provide comfortable conditions for the baby in the room.
An antibiotic should be given in the afternoon and afternoon. Assign it before bedtime is not recommended.

If after the course of therapy several tablets are left in the package, then the child should not be stuffed with them. After all, this is a kind of poison, which with an excessive amount can cause serious complications and even lead to death. The remaining tablets should be disposed of. After the course of therapy, it is necessary to take tests and show the child to the doctor to confirm recovery.

temperatureura03.ru

Antibiotics in suspension for children: purpose, types and application

In childhood, it is very difficult to avoid infections. Some of them require antibiotic treatment. Often parents are scared of the need to take antibiotics, because people have a lot of myths about their infinite harm to the body.

However, it should be remembered that the doctor prescribes antibiotic treatment only if the benefit significantly exceeds the harm. With proper use and compliance with all recommendations, side effects can be minimized.

Antibiotics for children: features of use

When an antibiotic is needed

Antibiotics are substances of natural origin or obtained synthetically that destroy the cells of bacteria and some fungi. That is, these drugs will be effective only in case of bacterial infection. In all other cases, there will be no effect.

No need to be afraid to give your child an antibiotic if recommended by a pediatrician. The doctor will select the drug according to age and disease, prescribe the dosage. As a rule, parents make two mistakes: give the child antibiotics when it is not required, and refuse to give or interrupt treatment when it is necessary.

When taking antibiotics, you must adhere to the following rule: if you started giving, the course should be completed until the end in any case. The only reason for canceling antibiotics is the prescription of a doctor.

Antibiotics in suspension for children, as a rule, have a reduced dosage of the active substance, they are easier to digest and more gently affect the body.

Before giving antibiotics to a child, the diagnosis should be clarified. Distinguishing a viral infection from a bacterial infection is not so simple. There are no quick tests to determine the nature of the infection.

Therefore, the first time the doctor will prescribe safer drugs. However, a viral infection differs from a bacterial infection in some signs:

If 3 days after the onset of the disease, the fever, fever, and symptoms do not subside, we can talk about the bacterial nature of the infection.
With a viral infection, there is no pus, while bacterial infections are accompanied by pustules on the tonsils or purulent discharge from the nose.
Antibiotics are prescribed for otitis media, pneumonia, tonsillitis, purulent sinusitis, since these diseases most often occur due to the fault of bacteria.
Antibiotics can be prescribed for a life-threatening infection, such as meningitis. In this case, antibiotics are started immediately without special tests, and treatment is carried out in a hospital.

If there is no threat to life and time allows, it is advisable to take a blood test and a smear from the throat before taking antibiotics to determine the cause of the disease and clarify the type of bacteria. This will reveal their sensitivity to a specific antibiotic and begin effective treatment.

With a cold

Types and description of antibiotics in suspension

The first thing that parents should remember: an ordinary childhood cold, accompanied by a standard set of symptoms (low fever, cough, snot without pus), does not require antibiotic treatment. It is caused by viruses, and viruses do not die from exposure to antibiotics.

However, the word "cold" can hide a wide variety of diseases. Most infections begin as a common cold, but then complications begin that require more effective treatment. An antibiotic in suspension for colds can be prescribed if a bacterial infection then joins the viral infection.

Do not give your child antibiotics for prevention.

The doctor can prescribe it only if the child is constantly sick, with relapses and remissions, for a long time.

Antibiotics prescribed for complications of acute respiratory viral infections can be completely different. The choice of drug depends on the well-being, age of the child:

Tetracycline group. A long-known group of antibiotics that violates the synthesis of protein in bacteria and thereby prevents their reproduction. However, most bacteria have already acquired immunity to these drugs, so they are not always effective. Children are prescribed after 8 years. They are not recommended for a younger child, as they have a large number of side effects.
Aminopenicillins. These include Ampicillin, Amoxicillin. These are antibiotics that destroy a large number of types of bacteria, that is, they have a wide spectrum of action. Children are often prescribed Amoxicillin in the form of a suspension. It can be given even in infants, but if necessary, since it is not an absolutely safe drug.
Macrolides. Modern, least toxic antibiotics. They include erythromycin, azithromycin. They can also not be called safe and given for prevention, but compared with other drugs, the risk of side effects is minimized.
Fluoroquinolones. These include Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin. Usually, these antibiotics are prescribed when nothing else has helped. Very effective drugs, they destroy even the most resistant bacteria, but they affect the intestinal microflora.

When coughing in a child

Antibiotics in suspension for children with coughing

Directly coughing is not an indication for the use of antibiotics. Coughing is not an independent disease, but a symptom that you should pay attention to. Before prescribing treatment, it is necessary to determine the cause of the cough.

With a viral disease, a cough can last up to a week, but it changes its character, for example, begins with sore throat and perspiration, and then turns into a cough with sputum. You should not start giving your child antibiotics immediately when a cough occurs. The reason for it may lie not only in infection, but also in an allergic reaction or other diseases.

Coughing can occur in diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, acute respiratory viral infections, whooping cough.

The doctor will carefully examine the throat, perhaps take a smear and give direction for a subsequent examination. If the bacterial etiology of the disease is confirmed, the doctor will prescribe an antibiotic.

The antibiotic in suspension during a cough in a child is selected taking into account his age and diagnosis. Most often, the following drugs are prescribed to children:

Azithromycin It is considered a very effective drug, in some cases it is prescribed after a weaker antibiotic, if there has been no progress. It is not recommended for children under 6 months of age. Available in suspension and capsules. Children under 6 years old are given a suspension. Side effects are rare, but diarrhea and nausea are possible.
Sumamed. Antibiotic from the Macrolide group. Azithromycin analog. Available in powder form for suspension. It tastes good, smells like strawberries, but not cloying. Children drink it with pleasure. It is prescribed for various ENT diseases, including with severe cough caused by bronchitis, pneumonia. The drug is given to the child 1 time a day, before or after a meal. The powder bottle is completely diluted with water, and then shaken before each use.
Macropen. The antibiotic is also from the Macrolide group. Very effective, has a wide spectrum of action. Suspension dilution capsules are orange in color and have a banana flavor when diluted. Dosage is prescribed depending on the body weight of the child. The dose is usually divided into two doses during the day.

For diseases of the throat

Sore throat in a child - antibiotic treatment

There are a lot of diseases of the throat. They can be of a different nature, have a different etiology.

In children, bacterial tonsillitis is most often encountered, which is accompanied by purulent plaque on the tonsils, viral pharyngitis, tonsillitis. The throat can hurt in each case, but the treatment is selected individually. For bacterial infections such as tonsillitis and purulent tonsillitis, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics.

Similar diseases in acute and chronic course can lead to various complications (the likelihood of complications in preschool children is increased). To avoid this, antibiotic treatment should be started immediately after the doctor's recommendation.

Most often, an antibiotic is prescribed in suspension for diseases of the throat in a child.

The most popular are Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Suprax. Consider their action in more detail:

Amoxicillin. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Granules for the preparation of a suspension are sold for children under 6 years of age. It has a raspberry or strawberry flavor. The drug has the property of enhancing allergic reactions, so children with asthma and dermatitis are not prescribed. Among the side effects are nausea, vomiting, dysbiosis, allergies in the form of a rash.
Amoxiclav. The composition of the drug includes amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, enhancing its effect. It is often prescribed for sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis. The suspension has no age restrictions. You can give it even to newborn children if necessary, but reducing the dosage. Typically, the drug is given to the child 2 times a day, with a severe course of the disease 3 times.
Suprax. This is a new drug, a powerful antibiotic with a very wide spectrum of action. It is referred to as the “reserve” and is prescribed for the ineffectiveness of the previous drug and the unknown etiology of the disease. If you start treatment immediately with such a powerful drug, the bacteria will stop responding to less powerful antibiotics. The suspension is diluted immediately in the bottle. Take it 1-2 times a day for at least a week. It is not recommended to give the drug to children under six months old. The drug has a number of side effects from an allergic reaction to dysbiosis and thrush.

Antibiotics in suspension for babies

Most often, mothers worry about the child up to a year, try to protect against infections and various medications. Therefore, the need to take antibiotics in infancy is the subject of fierce debate between mothers and pediatricians.

For young infants up to a year, the circle of antibiotics narrows. At this time, the body is still weakened, the immune system is not fully formed, and there are enough problems with the intestines without antibiotics.

Of course, such drugs affect the intestinal microflora, reduce immunity. However, in some cases with a serious infection, antibiotic treatment cannot be dispensed with. An infection can be life-threatening, and a mother who refuses treatment should be aware of this.

The doctor prescribes the drug in the form of a suspension and, as a rule, prescribes a probiotic at the same time.

But even in this case, dysbiosis can appear. You can not interrupt the course of treatment without the recommendation of a doctor, as this can only aggravate the course of the disease. The infection may return, but with antibiotic immunity. The doctor will have to select a new drug and prescribe treatment again.

Most infants are contraindicated in infants under 6 months of age. There are several suspensions that are relatively safe for a child at this age. This is Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Sumamed. You can not give small children antibiotics from the Tetracycline group. They affect the formation of tooth enamel. As a result, the child’s teeth initially grow weak.

Video - Antibiotics for children: purpose and proper use.

No need to interrupt breastfeeding if the baby is taking antibiotics. On the contrary, breast milk strengthens his body and helps to cope with both infection and dysbiosis.

An infant can be given an antibiotic only in the form of a suspension, but not in the form of tablets or injections. Only a doctor can prescribe an antibiotic to an infant. If a decision is made to treat a child with such means, you can not interrupt the course of treatment or independently increase the dosage. If the drug is ineffective, the doctor will change it to another, but the dosage should be age-appropriate. Mom must follow the schedule of taking the drug so that the level of the substance in the blood is maintained at a constant level, only then the child will be able to recover faster.

Pros and cons of using antibiotics

Antibiotics for children - benefits and harms

Antibiotics are an essential part of treatment. If the doctor strongly recommends starting the medication, do not refuse, because the infection can do much more harm than the antibiotic itself.

Antibiotics of various types act differently, but all of them either stop the growth of bacteria, blocking their reproduction, or destroy the bacterial cells themselves. With a bacterial infection, this is a definite plus.

However, with constant use, not only harmful bacteria die, but also beneficial ones that live in the intestines, which leads to dysbiosis. Often, the doctor prescribes the simultaneous administration of probiotics to avoid unpleasant consequences. That is, the harm is not as fatal as it may seem. In addition, sometimes it is simply impossible to defeat the infection in other ways.

However, the harm is minimized only with the correct use of antibiotics, when the medicine is correctly selected, the dosage is respected and the course will go to the end.

In case of improper use of drugs, the following unpleasant consequences can be:

"Healed immunity." So the people call a decrease in immunity as a result of frequent use of antibiotics. It occurs with unreasonably frequent antibiotic treatment, when bacteria develop immunity. The child begins to get sick often, and treatment no longer helps.
Relapses of the disease. If you interrupt the course in the middle when the first improvements appear, the disease may return again, since the improvements do not mean that all the bacteria died.
Dysbacteriosis A common problem with antibiotic treatment, even with all the rules. If the doctor has prescribed probiotics, they should be given to the child to reduce the effect on the intestinal microflora.
Toxic effects on the body. The reverse side of treatment is taking antibiotics too long. No need to continue to give them if there are no improvements. Bacteria are clearly insensitive to the drug, and its further administration will lead to poisoning and weakening of the body.

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The use of antibiotics at a temperature

Antibiotics have become a real breakthrough in 20th century medicine. Now they are available to almost everyone, and it is difficult to find a person who has never used them. Some take these drugs at the slightest increase in temperature, while others, having heard about their harmfulness, avoid taking them even on the recommendation of a doctor.

How to use antibiotics wisely, and will they save at temperature?

Why should you not take antibiotics uncontrollably?

Do not forget that the human body cannot exist without the millions of friendly bacteria that inhabit our intestines, skin, mucous membranes of the respiratory system, genitals.

When exposed to an antibiotic, colonies of these microorganisms suffer, which will soon affect the health of a person who has undergone antibiotic therapy - skin irritations, rashes, constipation, and candidiasis of the mucous membranes appear. It is the defeat of microflora that is the main negative effect of antibacterial drugs.

Another difficulty associated with taking these drugs is not so obvious - bacterial resistance. This property of bacteria, by natural selection, adapts to the antibiotic, and as a result, previously used drugs are ineffective.

You should not think that this can be avoided by using different types of drugs each time - resistant strains spread in the human population, displacing unstable bacteria. This is currently a global problem. Antibacterial drugs must be used according to all the rules, excluding the acquisition of resistance, otherwise humanity will again be unarmed in front of microbes.

On the other hand, it was these drugs that helped mankind defeat previously fatal diseases - tuberculosis, smallpox, plague, and many others. They are indispensable in sepsis as a result of injuries and infectious lesions.

The effect of fever

The main effects of antibiotics include:

bacteriostatic (do not allow bacteria to multiply);
bactericidal (kill bacteria by destroying the proteins of the cell wall or other components of the cells);
some antibiotics have anti-inflammatory effects;
some drugs are immunostimulating, others are immunosuppressive;
there are antitumor antibacterial drugs.

As you can see, antibiotics do not lower the temperature, since they are not antipyretic drugs, however, they can be used for fever caused by bacterial inflammation.

Application for ARVI

ARVI - acute respiratory viral infections. The key here is that the causative agent of the disease in this case is the virus. Viruses and bacteria are completely different pathogens. Viruses do not have cells; they are just genetic material coated with a protein coat.

The virus metabolism occurs only inside the cells of an infected person, so it is completely pointless to act on it with an antibiotic. As a result, you get only side effects.

Unfortunately, not everyone knows this: according to the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion, in 2011 46% of respondents said that antibiotics cope with viruses as effectively as with bacteria. Remember: antibiotics do not affect viruses!

Taking antibiotics for acute respiratory viral infections without temperature “just in case” is completely unreasonable. This will lead to resistance, and with a real bacterial infection, you will have to use the most powerful, sparing drugs.

The same applies to taking antibiotics at a temperature of 37-37.5 C - this is the so-called subfebrile temperature, usually speaking about the viral nature of the ailment.

If during acute respiratory viral infections or influenza, the body temperature has increased significantly, it is worth taking an antipyretic drug, for example, aspirin or paracetamol (at a temperature in children). Antibiotics do not bring down the temperature in the case of flu and colds, but they can help with the bacterial complication of a viral infection.

Bacterial complications of viral infections

Very often, as a result of a decrease in immunity in colds, a bacterial infection appears in addition to the viral in humans. Most commonly, the airways, sinuses, and middle ear suffer. But even in this case, taking antibiotics is not always necessary, it all depends on the complexity of the infection, the age of the patient, and concomitant diseases.

How to determine that the inflammation is not viral, namely bacterial in nature:

mucus secreted from the nose, covering the tonsils, or expectorant when coughing, has a purulent color (yellow or greenish), an unpleasant musty smell, a thick consistency;
body temperature rises (from 38 degrees Celsius);
the disease lasts more than 2 weeks;
antiseptic rinses, rinses, etc. give a very weak effect.

For example, if, during a cold, the sore throat is covered with purulent discharge, fever begins, it can be assumed that there is a sore throat caused by staphylococcus or another microorganism.

Antibiotics are necessary for a sore throat and fever during a purulent sore throat, however, even in this case, the doctor should choose the drug, self-medication is not only less effective, but can also hurt. And of course, do not take antibiotics for sore throats without fever - pharyngitis and tonsillitis also cause viruses, but in this case the diseases are not accompanied by fever.

One of the most dangerous complications of the common cold is pneumonia. That is why, in order to prevent pneumonia, many parents feed their children with antibiotics for every cough and fever. Only a doctor can make such a diagnosis, having listened to the lungs, having examined the patient.

Sometimes a chest x-ray and bacteriological culture of sputum are required. Therefore, when coughing, the child should visit a pediatrician, and do it better as soon as possible, without waiting for deterioration.

Bronchitis, for example, can be treated with syrups and inhalation, but pneumonia requires a more powerful (and therefore more difficult for the liver, heart, etc.) treatment. An antibiotic at a high temperature in a child should not be a first aid. On the contrary, these are drugs “in case of emergency”, when bacteria cannot be defeated by anything else.

With an increase in temperature to 39 C in an adult, antibiotics are also not a panacea, because the causes of fever can be completely different. But if you are sure that it is a bacterial infection, these drugs should help you. However, antibiotics at high temperatures in an adult should also be prescribed by a doctor.

Do not use antibiotics “for temperature”, the names of which were advised to you by friends who had a similar illness.

Firstly, an antibiotic for temperature simply does not exist, and in the second, adults, like children, a doctor's consultation is required to select a drug.

He selects the drug based on the results of the examination, epidemiological data, the distinguishing symptoms of the disease. What helped another may be ineffective for you.

Some features of the use of antibiotics

To get the maximum benefit from a course of antibiotic therapy and at the same time not harm yourself, adhere to the following rules.

When treating high-temperature infections, antibiotics should not be used with antipyretic drugs. The temperature will pass 2-3 days after the start of the use of the antibacterial drug, when the colonies of microorganisms decrease and the inflammation subsides. If you use an antipyretic at this time, a false impression of improving the patient's condition will appear, because the fever will pass regardless of whether the bacterial focus has decreased.
If within three days after the start of a course of antibiotic therapy you do not feel relief, the drug is not suitable for you. Visit your doctor again.
Improvement after 3 days of taking the drug is not a reason to prematurely stop taking it. This suggests that the antibiotic works, but not that the bacteria are permanently destroyed.
An interrupted course of antibiotic therapy may result in remission, i.e., the return of the disease. In addition, this is what increases the likelihood of developing antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
At a temperature of 38 C in an adult and a child, antibiotics are taken only after consulting a doctor. Such indicators can be observed with both viral and bacterial infections.
Do not use antibiotics at a temperature during food poisoning (its symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, weakness). Firstly, not all intestinal disorders are caused by bacteria, and secondly, you destroy your own microflora, which competes with the pathogenic and does not allow it to completely fill the intestines.
Strictly adhere to the recommendations of the doctor and manufacturer of the drug.
It is harmful both to abuse antibiotics and to refuse them when they are needed.

In this way, antibiotics can help you deal with severe infectious diseases. However, these are highly specialized drugs aimed at killing bacteria. They have neither antiviral, nor antipyretic, nor analgesic effects.

Is it possible to feed a baby at mom’s temperature

The temperature without a cough and a cold in a child

It is believed that if the doctor writes out, then he no longer sees another way to recovery. After all, these, as most consumers absolutely rightly believe, have many contraindications and side effects. And it’s no secret that antibiotic therapy is impossible without simultaneously compensating for the favorable intestinal microflora.

Let's see what types of antibiotics are, their names and the appropriateness of use.

In medical directories antibiotics called a group of very strong substances that inhibit the development of certain microorganisms or provoke their death. They can be of natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic origin. A characteristic feature of these drugs is the impact on both pathogenic and beneficial microflora, but at the same time, the vital abilities of bacteria are suppressed gradually and in small concentrations.

Did you know? Pear is a natural antibiotic. Herbalists recommend these fruits to people with chronic inflammatory processes, as well as for cancer.

Antibiotics have an effect only on a certain type of pathogen, which is determined by the results of the analysis of the blood culture of the patient or patient. But, despite the effectiveness of these pills, you should not consider them omnipotent. Incorrectly selected medicine will only harm the body, and even more so - for children. Therefore, under no circumstances do not self-medicate and do not test on your child all the contents of the home.

In modern pediatrics, the practice of prescribing antibiotics for children with which lasts more than 3 days, as well as in cases of exacerbated forms of severe type, viral,. Doctors draw the attention of parents to the aggressive effect of such drugs on the digestive tract. By destroying "bad" cells, they affect the "good" bacteria to the same extent. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to give the baby antibiotics when his throat begins or begins to hurt. In the case of taking such drugs in parallel, you need to drink funds to restore intestinal microflora. It could be Yogurt. If your attending physician “forgot” to prescribe such a therapy for you, then there is reason to doubt his qualifications.

Important! The average antibiotic courses cannot last less than 5 days. Usually, medications are recommended for 7 to 10 days. In special cases, when a patient has serious complications of the disease, he is prescribed treatment for up to 3 weeks or longer.

Moreover, with frequent use of antibiotics, especially when the medicine was improperly selected and used randomly in the initial stages of the disease, the body begins to show resistance to it. This means that the immune system ceases to resist the causative agents of the disease and eventually becomes almost insensitive to a number of drugs. That is why penicillin, cephalosporin, fluoroquinol types of antibiotics are justified for children if only in cases of bacterial flora joining the infection. Typically, these processes begin no earlier than 4 days after the disease.

What antibiotics do NOT

It should be borne in mind that these medicines can cure far from all ailments, especially in cases when toxic substances act as their causative agent. In particular, we are talking about botulism, tetanus, various fungi and. A similar situation exists with regard to the flu, and that are provoked by viruses. This is due to the fact that most antibiotics act only on the simplest microorganisms.

Each parent must know that antibiotics are completely not involved in the treatment and. They do not reduce heat and do not contribute to expectoration, and are also powerless against diseases of fungal origin and which often cause infectious infections and inflammatory processes in the internal organs.

Important! Antibiotics in large doses are dangerous not only for children but also for adults. Moreover, if you arbitrarily stop taking medications, or reduce the number of times recommended by the doctor, then the pathogenic microorganisms will survive and, having lost their sensitivity to the drug, quickly adapt to it.

Can antibiotics be replaced?

Trying to protect their child from the bad effects of these substances, which are aggressive to all living things, many mothers think about alternative treatment options. In such situations, herbal medicine comes to the rescue, which suggests replacing synthetic drugs with natural ones. Traditional healers advise to use propolis, essential oils and a number of medicinal herbs for colds, and instead of antibiotics for children.

burdock root, which is very effective in the treatment of diseases caused by streptococci and pneumococci;

bearberry, which is indicated for cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis;
garlic is an excellent tool in the fight against fungi and bacteria, especially with enteritis, amoebic dysentery, candidiasis and colpitis;
barberry root, which is used mainly for viral and fungal infections, as well as for the treatment of diarrhea, hepatitis and cholera;
eucalyptus is very effective in jade and;
echinacea officinalis flowers have worked well for herpes, bronchitis and flu;
various preparations from propolis kill pathogenic microflora with, otitis media, herpes and influenza;
essential oils (in particular, tea tree) help to cure tonsillitis, colds, laryngitis, and skin itching.

Important! In cases where the causative agents of the disease are unknown, it is best to use broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Along with a large selection of alternative options for antibiotics, some luminaries of modern medicine talk about the harmful effects of herbal remedies and the need for complex therapy. In addition, there is an opinion that the above methods of treatment are relevant only in the initial stages of the disease, and when a person has fever and the disease progresses, he needs to resort to radical methods.

According to experts, some essential oils under the influence of a number of physico-chemical reactions in the patient's body become transporters of other drugs. Therefore, many doctors strengthen antibiotic therapy in this way.

To achieve positive results from antibiotic treatment, every dad and mom should know the basic rules for taking these medicines in children.

Firstly, it is strictly forbidden to give such a medicine to a patient of any age without the recommendations of a qualified specialist. As already mentioned, spontaneous chaotic therapy will only worsen the child's resistance to other pathogenic microbes.

Did you know? For the first time, people learned about the antimicrobial effect of penicillin mold in 1928. This discovery happened by chance during ordinary experiments by the British bacteriologist Alexander Fleming.

Secondly, antibiotics should be used taking into account age restrictions. For example, the well-known drug Tetracycline is recommended only from the age of eight. There are also a number of drugs that are allowed for children after they reach the full 12 years.

Thirdly, doctors advise not to abuse the same name “for all occasions” and to change the drug with a repeated illness. This recommendation is justified by the fact that the human body quickly gets used to the active substance, and pathogenic bacteria become less sensitive to it.

Fourthly, it is important to strictly observe the dosage recommended by the manufacturer and the method of administration of the drug. Before taking it, you must definitely read the instructions for use, and also take into account contraindications and possible side effects.

Fifth, do not interrupt antibiotic therapy even when the baby's condition has improved much - this is not an indicator of complete recovery. A similar trick can cost your child a serious damage to the kidneys and heart.

Did you know? The first Soviet antimicrobial drug was called Krustozin. In 1942, it was developed by the domestic microbiologist Zinaida Ermolyeva. By the way, after a thorough study, foreign scientists admitted that their antibiotics are almost one and a half times weaker than this. It was then that the title “Madame Penicillin” was awarded to the author of the invention.

Sixthly, oral is considered the easiest and safest way to take antibiotics for children and older. In special cases, medical personnel resort to intravenous administration of drugs. In this case, they act faster.
Seventh, there are a number of drugs that are only for injections. This is due to the fact that they are destroyed only in the digestive tract.

List of drugs

Medicines of this group differ among themselves by the mechanisms of exposure and the types of bacteria sensitive to them. Therefore, the accuracy of determining an effective drug in each case depends on the performance of smears given to patients. However, doctors very often prescribe drugs with a wide spectrum of action, without resorting to laboratory tests. This is due to the fact that it will take about a week to get their results, and when the patient progresses the disease, you can not lose time.

In inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract for children, the following antibiotic names are most often used:

- allowed for children from 2 years old, effective for tonsillitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, inflammation in the organs of the genitourinary system, as well as skin infections;
“Augmentin” - is recommended for newborns in liquid form for diseases provoked by aerobic, anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative strains, it is contraindicated in people with kidney and liver dysfunction;

Amoxiclav is a combined preparation used for acute abscesses, bronchitis, sinusitis, as well as for infectious lesions of the skin, joints and bones;

“Flemoxin Solutab” - even infants can take it, is an improved analogue of “Amoxicillin”, suppresses the causative agents of staphylococci, streptococci and pneumonia.

AT it is important! If you have never previously treated a child with antibiotics, then for the first time they give the weakest drugs.

In cases of complicated forms of respiratory infections with bacteriological flora, drugs with a stronger effect will be needed. Most often, with complicated forms of infectious diseases, the bacterial flora of cough and runny nose for children, doctors prescribe semi-synthetic antibiotics from the list of cephalosporins:

"Suprax" - recommended for children from six months old, treats infectious and inflammatory diseases of the ear, throat, nose, respiratory organs, but requires constant monitoring of liver function;

"Cefuroxime" - it can be taken from the first days of life, effective in stomatitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis, tonsillitis and inflammation in the urinary tract;

"Zinacef" - prescribed from infancy with pleurisy, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, laryngitis and other ENT diseases;

Important! You need to drink antibiotics strictly at the same time. If the doctor has prescribed a two-time appointment, then make sure that there is a 12-hour gap between each of them.

"Ikzim" is an effective antimicrobial drug recommended for children from 6 months of age with chronic painful processes in the organs of the respiratory system.

Prohibited antibiotics in pediatrics

Using modern gadgets and popular applications for them, many parents in the treatment of their children are guided by mobile versions of medical guides. At the same time, the decision to take antibiotics is made independently, giving preference to the list of over-the-counter tablets, which offers far from "baby" names in alphabetical order and tips for their use.

But first of all, every parent should remember that not all antibiotics can be given to children. Among the banned: "Doxycycline", "Tetracycline", "Minocycline", "Ofloxacin", "Levomycetin", "Pefloxacin", "Kanamycin", "Gentamicin". These funds are fraught with violations in the cartilage joints of the growing organism, thinning of tooth enamel, and a halt in the development of the skeleton and tissue fibers.

Groups of medicines by method of exposure

All antibiotics are divided into several classes: beta-lactam, macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, glycopeptide substances, lincosamides, which, in turn, also have certain groups. We will not delve into the classification features, but we will examine in more detail the mechanisms of action of some of them.

Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections with antibiotics in children

In acute respiratory diseases, the penicillins are most potent for pathogenic microflora. They block the synthesis of the main substances included in the number of cell membranes of "bad" bacteria. As a result of the physico-chemical chain, they die. Flemoxin, Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Levofloxacin, Meslocillin, Metsillinam are popular.

Efficiency in diseases of ENT organs

The most powerful in terms of the impact on the human growing organism, experts call a group of macrolides. They have the highest activity of the active substance with respect to most pathogenic microbes that cause diseases of the respiratory system. Their main characteristics are bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and muco-regulating qualities. This series in pharmacology is represented by the following names: “Sumamed”, “Azithromycin”, “Hemomycin”, “Klacid”.

Did you know? All vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables can be considered natural antibiotics. Ascorbic acid stimulates the body's natural protective functions, destroys pathogenic bacteria and helps to remove them from the body.

According to medical statistics, about 2 million children die each year due to water loss caused by diarrhea. Therefore, doctors in cases of intestinal infection, even newborns are prescribed antibiotics. Among this group, the following drugs are in demand: Lekor, Cefix, Cefodox, Azithromycin, Zinacef. The medicine can be administered intravenously or orally.

In addition, the baby must take probiotics. In cases of hospitalization, he will be offered enzymes and a certain diet. It is allowed to accept the ambulance before the arrival of the carriage.

Important! With intestinal infections, it is strictly forbidden to drink activated charcoal - the medicine stains the feces black, because of which you can skip the first signs of bleeding in the intestine.

Antibiotics for children up to a year

Every sane person before taking any medicine, read the instructions for use. Do not hesitate to check with your doctor's doctor for the compatibility of several drugs and the nuances regarding the method of their use.

In cases with babies, getting clear instructions from a doctor is a must. After all, not all medicines can be taken in infancy.

The pediatrician may not tell you this, but it is always better to play it safe and protect your child from the serious consequences of antibiotic therapy. Experienced mothers and specialists advise:

Keep personal records of medications taken. The records should include the names of the drugs, the time when you gave them to the child, his illness, the duration of the course of treatment, the presence or absence of side effects (if any, you need to specify).
You need to drink antibiotics during meals or immediately after. In this case, tablets should be washed down with plenty of drinking water (tea, juice, milk and stewed fruit are not intended for this purpose).
If your baby is so small that the doctor prescribed drops or suspension, shake the bottle before each use. This is done so that the sediment settled to the bottom dissolves in the liquid.
During the treatment period, it is important to exclude fried, fatty, smoked dishes and sour fruits from the children's diet. This requirement is explained by the fact that medications have a strong effect on the liver, and if the diet is improper, the load on this organ increases significantly.
If you gave the baby the medicine prescribed by the doctor and the improvement did not come even after 2-3 days, immediately go to the doctor to adjust the treatment or call an ambulance.

In parallel with antibiotics, always take drugs with bifidobacteria or lactobacilli.

Important! Expensive drugs do not guarantee their quality and effectiveness. The pricing policy for drugs is determined based on the country of manufacture and when they were invented or appeared on sale. Remember that almost every expensive medicine has its own cheap counterpart.

The consequences of antibiotic use

All funds in this group are prescribed only in cases of urgent need. This is due to the fact that any antibiotic has a destructive effect on the liver, can provoke allergic reactions, an upset digestive tract. That is why very often in patients after taking the medicine there are signs of intoxication in the form of nausea, and dizziness.

For children, these drugs should be selected only by a doctor. After all, inadequate treatment can result in hearing loss in a child or complications in the form of kidney diseases. Also very likely.
But even if the drug was chosen correctly, then do not forget that long-term treatment will not give them the expected result. And all because over time, microbes adapt to the active substance and become resistant to it. In such situations, the solution is as follows: either increase the dosage, or change the medicine. Even the most experienced specialist is not able to predict the reaction of the body of your son or daughter to the proposed antibiotic.

Did you know? Penicillin in its pure form was born only in 1938. It was managed to bring it to scientists at the University of Oxford, Howard Flory and Ernst Chain.

How to restore a children's body after antibiotics

Antibiotic treatment requires special attention not only during illness, but also after recovery. First of all, it is worth taking care of the restoration of immunity. And you need to start doing this with the intestinal microflora.

It is recommended that probiotics be taken at the same time as antibiotics. Of these, pediatrics are popular: Linex, Bifiform, Laktiv-ratiopharm,.
In addition, children with weak protective functions of the body are shown to take immunomodulators: Anaferon, Aflubin, Immunoglobulin.

Remember that antibiotics are serious drugs that are prescribed only when their benefits are many times higher than the possible risks of the disease.