What does the proposal for punctuation parsing mean. Punctuation analysis of the sentence: easy and simple

Modern schoolchildren, in accordance with the educational program, are studying several types of analysis: phonetic, lexical, morphological, morpheme, syntactic and punctuation analysis of the proposal. Each of them has its own distinctive features and difficult to understand the moments.

Definition

Many students and their parents are asked what a punctuation analysis of the proposal. He is designed to find and clarify the punctuation marks available in the proposal. The ability to make a punctuation analysis of the proposal may increase the overall literacy rate of the student. The analysis of a simple (PP) and complex (SP) offers has its own distinctive features.

Place a simple sentence

1. Read the text you suggested.
2. Assign to all those present in the text punctuation signs number.
3. Designate the point mapping that completes the offer, clarify the reason for its production.
4. Note and explain all the signs encountered in the offer.

It is according to this plan that a punctuation analysis of the sentence is performed. Sample parsing is presented below.

Examples of analysis

As a sample, take a punctuation analysis of the proposal:

1. I can entrust this secret to a person who knows how to keep the tongue.

2. Are you not seen running down the street of people holding flags, posters, balloons?

Step one. The proposal is a question in the purpose of statement and intonation. Therefore, it ends with a question mark.

Step second. Assigning a number of punctuation by the number, we determine their number in the sentence:

Are you not seen running along the street of people (1) holding in the hands of flags (2), posters (3), balloons (4)?

Step Three. The offer has one grammatical foundation. you did not see.

A comma at number one highlights the involvement. Comma numbers two and three separate homogeneous members of the sentence flags, posters, balls, pronounced additions.

Selling a complex sentence

The punctuation analysis of the proposal of this kind is somewhat more complicated.

1. Read the offer.

2. Assign the sequence number in the proposal to all in the proposal.

3. Note the final proposal of the Preamogram and clarify its production.

4. Note the punctuation marks at the SP level and explain the reason for their production.

5. Explain the alignment of punctuation marks in parts of the joint venture.

Examples of analysis

As an example, we propose to conduct a punctuation analysis of the proposal:

1. Probably, we will no longer see Sergey, because the resentment caused to him is unlikely to be easily forgotten.

Step one. At the end of the proposal is the point, because for the purpose of the statement it is narrative, in intonation - non-visible.

Step second. The numbering showed the presence in the proposal of five punctuation marks:

Probably (1), we will no longer see Sergey (2), since the insult (3), applied to him (4), can hardly be easily forgotten (5).

Step Three. This offer is complex. Parts of the Complex Offer are connected by the subordinate Union insofar as. The comma stands on the border of the main and pressing offer.

Step fourth. In the main sentence of the comma, the introduction of the word probably. In the apparent part of the commas, separate the involvement applied to him.

2. I am sure that you will do this order, because you appreciate my location, you want to advance by service.

Step one. The proposal is completed by the point, since it is narrative, non-promotional.

Step second. In the proposal four punctuation sign:

I am sure (1) that you will do this order (2), because you appreciate my location (3), you want to advance in service (4).

Step Three. This proposal consists of one main and two apparent, which are separated from each other with commas under the numbers of one and two.

Step fourth. In the main part and the first impression offering of punctuation signs. In the second pressing sentence, the comma at number three separates homogeneous fag appreciateand Want to move.

If the learner knows what a punctuation analysis of the proposal means, it will not allow gross mistakes in the alignment of punctuation marks. Thus, it will significantly improve its performance and increase the chances of receiving a worthy mark during final exams. This is important because on how well the schoolboy will hand over, its future admission to the university depends. And even such a trifle, as an erroneous setting of the punctuation, can deprive it as necessary points.

In the study of the punctuation analysis, it is important to allocate basic principles:

• search for a grammatical basis;
• search for involved or particlepric rpm;
• search for input structures.

We offer to familiarize yourself with the main steps in the point algorithm of the proposal:

• First of all, you need to pay attention to the sign of punctuation at the end of the sentence. According to God, at the end of the sentence, the point, question mark or ellipsis, the reader determines the emotional color of the statement. It is necessary that the student can explain in detail and clearly, why this particular punctuation sign is chosen.
• The next step should determine the design of the sentence. From that simple offer to us or complex, the number of punctuation marks is depends. In order for students to easily distinguish a simple proposal from difficult, they should be able to independently determine not only the grammatical basis of the supply, but also the type of recovery offer.
• Next, you should analyze the functions of each punctuation mark; We remind you that they can be separating and distinguished.

Pupils should understand the difference in the use of dividing and excretory signs.

TO standards You should include a dash, colon, comma, quotes and brackets. With their help, isolated, definitions and generalizations, etc. are allocated.

TO dividing signs Painted comma, point with comma, dash, colon. Signs are intended to separate homogeneous members of the sentence, parts of a complex sentence, etc.

• Immediately before the punctuation analysis of teachers, it is recommended to analyze proposals on the composition with the mandatory allocation of the grammatical basis, homogeneous members of the sentence, definitions and circumstances.
• The proposition graphic scheme, compiled on the basis of the separation of the proposal in composition, will significantly simplify and punctuation analysis.
• The final item is a punctuation analysis.

Examples

We propose to consolidate the information received in practice. Pupils need to have an accurate idea of \u200b\u200bwhat the teacher requires, therefore it is important to provide them with a sample parsing.

Example 1.

[In the opening of the open window, the trapezoid of sunlight], 1 (the upper angle of which was conceded by the edge of the mirror cabinet). (D. Rubin)

• Grammar Basics: Mount the trapezium, the angle concerned.
• The main offer and the apparent semicolon.

[Boys were overloaded and, 1 | not descending with me eyes |, 2 began to slowly and gently shutting up]. (K. POUST)

• Grammar base: the boys loose and started to go.
• At the end of the offer there is a point, since the proposal is narrative and is a complete statement.
• In proposal, two commits were allocated by a readprint.

| Given and Baghrovy |, 1 (the sun plugged behind the Static Cemetery), 2 (and followed by the twilight sword in the brushwood). (M. Sholokhov)

• Grammar Basics: The sun plunged, twilight swelled.
• At the end of the offer there is a point, since the proposal is narrative and is a complete statement.
• In the proposal two punctuation sign. In the first case, the comma emits two homogeneous verbalism, and in the second case, the comma shares the parts of the complex supply.

It should be summarized. If the student is able to remember this simple algorithm, then the punctuation analysis of the proposal will master perfectly.

Punctuation analysis is one of the oral layers of lessons. This is an inspection of knowledge of the norms and rules of alignment of punctuation marks. Analysis, by analogy with others, there is an order. The complexity depends on the intonation features, the number of grammatical foundations, how to express secondary members. Consider how do a punctuation analysis of the proposal.

In contact with

What is a punctuation analysis

Analysis of punctuation is carried out according to a specific algorithm, but it should be started with an understanding of the differences in the maintenance of analysis:

• punctuation;
• syntactic;
• graphic.

Puncture studies Rules for the arrangement of the symbols of the punctuation of the Russian language. Generally accepted scientific concept - punctuation marks.

Syntax looks inside the semantic text of the text, implies a parsing on the main and secondary members. Two sections of linguistics, syntax and punctuation do not exist separately.

Understand why the point or comma is worth it, it is possible, only sobering in the structure of the syntax design. A graphic parse shows how the words, members of the sentence are related to each other, their appearance and method of expression.

Performance of punctuation analysis Built on the basis of the task. Options for tasks encountered more often:

1. Disaster of the finished text with already placed signs.
2. Explanation of their production.

Difficulties arise in any options. Sometimes, the task is added: draw the scheme. It helps to notice mistakes: missing or unnecessary commas. The procedure for punctuation [

1. Number each punctuation symbol.
2. Find a rule explaining the signulation of the sign at the end of the proposal.
3. Calculate a sign that combines parts if a complex offer (SP) is sacrificed.
4. Find rules for characters inside a simple offer (PP).

Punctuation of the end of the speech unit

Punctuation signs that end up the semantic unit of the Russian language depend on the type of statement:

• narration;
• question;
• exclamation;
• in obviousness.

In a narrative statement, a simple and complex design, the point is put at the end. In case of non-responding, the incompleteness of thoughts, inexpensively, dot. Questions require questioning issues?. When the emotional background appears in speech -! exclamation.

At the end of the offer of punctuation signs can be combined:

• ? — !;
• ? — …;
• ! — …

Such options and associations are more common in poetic works, artistic tests.

Picture of PP and SP

There are various signs in a simple speech design. You can consider the basic rules for their production.

Tire should be set:

1. Between the main members, when they are expressed by one independent part of speech: nouns (in them. Pad), quantitatively numerical.
2. Between the subject and faithful, when one sentence is an indefinite form, and the other is a noun (in them. Pad).
3. Before indicating: it is.
4. Between subject (noun), and the fault (quantitative numerical). And vice versa.

Attention!The dash is found in incomplete structures, when one of the main members is missing. The missed word mentally can be spoken from an understanding of the first part.

Punctuation in the presence of homogeneous members

Commas are mandatory:

• between homogeneous words, if they are listed without unions.
• before the unions of the opposition
• with repeated unions (after each homogeneous part).
• pair connection (between pairs).
• before the second part of double unions.

Commas do not need to putIf homogeneous concepts are connected with meaning, are a solid expression or the next construction:

• [Ο yes (\u003d "and") ο].
• [Ο and and ο].

Semicolon; It is necessary if uniform members are not single words, but common, inside are already divided by commas.

Before homogeneous transfers sometimes a generalizing concept appears, then besides the commas, they will need to put a colon or dash, both characters. It is possible to consider the schemes how they should be set:

• [Θ: Ο, Ο, Ο].
• [Ο, Ο, Ο - Θ].
• [Ο, ο, ο, ο, ο - in a word, θ].
• [Θ: and ο, and ο, and ο - ...].

Direct speech

The special spelling of the Russian language is accepted for speech speech talking.Direct speech is one of the difficult topics. A combination of several characters occurs: quotes, colon, commas, points and others used to complete speech structures. It all depends on the place of direct speech (P) in relation to the words of the author (A, a):

1. At the beginning: A: "P!"; A: "P?"; A: "P".
2. At the end: "P" - a.; "P!" - but.; "P?" - but.
3. In the center: "P, - A, - P".

The use in the written speech quotes is issued according to the rules established for direct speech.

Picture of the Russian language

The most common punctuation symbol of Russian linguistics is comma. What rules will have to be explained during punctuation analysis:

• separation of secondary members: additions, definitions, applications, circumstances;
• clarifying members;
• allocation of comparisons and revolutions;
• designs with the Union "How";
• appeals, introductory words, interdudice expressions.

Punctuation analysiscomplex expression begins with specification of the form:

• writing parts;
• subordination;
• without the help of unions.

Punctuation analysis of proposal scheme and sample

[Pierre, 1 (who knew), 2 that she was very stupid, 3 with a strange feeling of loss and fear was sometimes present at her evenings and dinners, 4 where he was talking about politics, 5 poetry and 6 philosophy. 7]. (L. Tolstoy)

Explanation of the regulations of signs Complete offer:

7 - point. For the purpose of the statement, the narrative, non-visible in intonation and is a complete thought. The explanation excludes the possibility of others :?, ...,!

1.2 - The comma connects parts of a complex design: the form is complex. Three apparent: who knew that she was very stupid, where it was said.

1 - comma separates the apparent "who knew."

2 - completes the apparent.

3 - continuation of the main main part.

4 - the beginning of the third apparent.

5-commas with homogeneous additions "On Politics, Poetry and Philosophy".

6 - Not required Isolation: There is a union "and".

[But before in all actions of self-sacrifice, she gladly conscious, 1 that she, 2 sacrificing themselves, 3 this most elevates the value in the eyes of herself and others and becomes more worthy of Nicolas, 4 (which she loved most in life); 5 But now the victim should have to be held in that 6 in order to abandon it, 7 that for her was the entire victim's reward, 8 the whole meaning of life]. 9 (L. Tolstoy)

The point is the completion of the narrative offer.

The beginning of the apparent. Total 4 apparent.

2, 3. DEPARTH DEPARTMENT.

3. Conductance.

The beginning of the second apparent.

5. Point with a comma. The connection of the two proposals, the first part of which has a large number of punctuation marks.

The beginning of the apparent.

The beginning and end of the apparent.

Clarification.

Attention!An example of a parsing indicates that one sign can be explained by several rules, but some of them are put only under one specific condition.

The procedure for punctuation pavement

Perform a punctuation analysis as follows:

The student loved all the educational items: 1 mathematics, 2 literature, 3 history.4

Explanation:

4 - point. Narrative statement.

1 - colon. A generalizing phrase is facing a group of homogeneous additions.

2-3 - commas. Uniform add-ons are associated with intonation, without unions.

Exemplary analysis plan:

1. Dispose.
2. Explain the final sign.
3. Find and highlight the grammatical foundation.
4. Explain the reasons for symbols.
5. Make a scheme.

How to disassemble complex design:

1. Dispose.
2. Explain the end sign.
3. Select grammatical foundations.
4. Explain the reasons for the need for signs between parts.
5. Explain each sign in PP.
6. Make a graphic scheme.

Examples how to make a punctuation analysis of the proposal:

I called 1 door opened, 2 But no one could see anyone.

Explanations:

3 - point, proposal narrative.

1 - comma between PP.

2 - comma in front of the opposing union "But", between two simple.

The teacher gave instructions to Andrei, 1 So as I was sure, 2 What is the matter to him, 3, he will perfectly cope with 4 and 4 will present the result, 5 without violating deadlines. 6.

6 - point, because the purpose of the statement is the narration.

1 - the beginning of the first pressing.

2 - the beginning of the second apparent.

3 - distinction of homogeneous appendage.

4 - Signs are not needed, uniformly taled connected by the Union "and".

An example of punctuation disclation

Punctuation that is how to do punctuation slave

Output

A punctuation analysis requires the knowledge of the rules, the ability to see the text structure. Each symbol must be explained From the position of the structure of the speech unit. What does it mean to perform a punctuation analysis? Explain yourself and verifying the correctness of the choice of the Picture.

The punctuation analysis of the proposal is easy enough, if you know the scheme and own the basic rules of grammar. In essence, this language analysis is based on the search and explanation of the use of certain punctuation marks using syntax knowledge.

Scheme analysis

The differences between the analysis of simple and complex proposals exist, but the algorithm of action itself remains the same. To understand how to make a punctuation analysis, you need to know, in what order to conduct it.

1. Arrange numbers over all punctuation marks.
2. Explain the sign (Preamogram), which is standing at the end. It may be a point, an exclamation or question mark. Less frequently used.
3. Analyze the availability or dash. If the proposal is complex - to tell about the use of the Pictures that are in the amount and make up the design.

How to make the right analysis

When you have all the numbers, proceed directly to the analysis. To correctly explain the use of the sign at the end of the sentence, you need to determine the purpose of the statement and its overall emotional attitude. The point is set to show the completed thought. Such a proposal is called narrative. If the goal is to ask a question, at the end there will be a question mark at the end, and if this is an order or prompting to action, after the last word put an exclamation mark, and the proposal itself is called incentive. If the thought does not apply or require a long pause, at the end put a lot.

Determine the design of the sentence. To explain the choice of signs in a complex statement, determine how many parts it consists and how they are interconnected. The connection may be writing, supervisory, union or non-union.

In simple sentences, we explain the functions that one or another sign performs. Pulling words or phrases, circulation, separated definitions and applications, as well as clarifying members designed to attract the reader's attention may be allocated.

Also, the comma share homogeneous members. The direct speech of the author also requires commas and dash.

At the end of the analysis, it is preferable to draw a diagram where the places in which certain punctuation marks will be made graphically.

Let us give an example of the analysis of a complex offer. Based on it can be analyzed and simple.

Talk about grammatical functions of signs.

Of course, (1) Modern Russian differs from that (2) on which Pushkin, (3) Gogol, (4) Karamzin and Turgenev said and wrote. (6)

• 6 - point at the end of the narrative sentence with the finished thought.
• 2 - comma between parts of a complex proposal and separates the apparent part from the main one.
• 1 - comma separates the introductory word from the rest of the sentence.
• 3, 4 signs are separated by homogeneous members, in this case, which are associated non-union.

As we can see, a punctuation analysis of the proposal is fairly easy, but for this you need to be able to analyze the structure of the structure and explain from a grammatical point of view. Use of punctuation marks. Therefore, it is worth studying not only the rules of the letter, but also to be able to share words in a sentence of members.

The punctuation analysis of the proposal provides the best assimilation of the students of punctuation. It is based on three consecutive actions leading to the explanation of the conditions for choosing a particular punctuation. For a punctuation analysis, you need to know the part of the speech, be able to find a grammatical basis and secondary members in the proposal, as well as hear the intonation with which it is pronounced. Proper provenation signs ensures accuracy and clarity of the expression of thought.

Order of the punctuation analysis
The main signs of punctuation studied at school and used for punctuation parsing are: Point (it is from its Latin name "Punctum" and the word "punctuation"), comma, dot with comma, question and exclamation marks, colon, dash, brackets, Quotes and ellipsis.

The punctuation analysis begins with the definition of the nature of the sentence, which can be both simple and complex. Then set one or more punctuation rules operating in the discussed sentence. Each of them is subject to separate allocation. The result of the punctuation parsing is a graphic proposal scheme.

How to perform a punctuation pavement of a simple sentence?
A simple proposal on the scheme is indicated by square brackets, after which one of the five punctuation marks is set: a point, a question mark, an exclamation mark, a dot or a combination of an intercession and exclamation mark.

The inner part of the scheme shows the complication of a simple sentence. The grammatical basis is indicated by default.

1. Uniform members of the sentence are depicted in the circles in the form of circles, within which the graphic designation of the sentence is placed. All members of the sentence can be homogeneous: to be subject to (one straight line), taped (two straight lines), add-ons (one dotted line), definitions (one wavy line) and circumstances (dotted line with a dot between screenshots). Together with them, the scheme indicates these punctuation and union signs related to them (connecting, interconnected, comparable).
   Uniform members can be used in a sentence along with a generalizing word. In the diagram it is indicated by a circle with a bold point inside.
   
2. Introductory words and phrases are depicted in the form of five small crosses, on top of which the inscription "V.Sl", where "Sl." Indicates both "word" and "phrase". Over the introductory offers are written "V.Pr.".
   
3. Couch on the diagram is reproduced in the form of a wavy line with the inscription "O.".
   
4. The interjections are written in the scheme with the words ("Alas", "Ah", "Hurray!", Etc.).
   
5. To explain the formulation of the shooting range between the grammatical framework, part of the speech and its grammatical form: "SUBSCH., IP", "SUDN" + SUT. "," Neopr.F.Gl. "," Numbers "," S. + Numbers. " etc. The words "this", "here", "it means" is prescribed in the scheme completely.
   The absence of a dash between the subject and the legend must also be explained in the punctuation analysis of the sentence. In this case, it is sufficient to allocate the grammatical foundation and those rules on the basis of which the dash is lowered: the presence of "not" or comparative unions of the negative particle "as", "as if", "as if", "as if", "as if", "as if", "as if", "as if" are "
   
6. Separate members of the proposal are allocated on the letter of punctuation marks and are divided into five categories:
   • Separate definitions are depicted in the diagram in the form of a single wavy line, standing inside the two oblique drops "/ ~~~ /".
     If a separate definition belongs to personal pronoun, then the latter is indicated in the scheme "X" sign, over which "L.M." is written. All other parts of the speech are indicated in the scheme by simple "x".
     Above the definitions expressed by the involvement of the trafficking, "P.O." is set.
     Two or several separate definitions are highlighted in the diagram as a homogeneous (wavy line in a circle). From the defined word, the arrow is drawn.
     Above the dedicated definitions with a seign and causal meaning is indicated by "mouth." and "Priach.ZN", respectively. In the diagram, such definitions are depicted by two lines: Lower - circumstances, upper - definitions.
     The agreed and inconsistent definitions in the scheme are separated from each other and subscribe as "Sogl.", "Naughl."
     
   • Separate applications are depicted in the diagram as well as separate definitions. They may relate to personal pronoun ("L.M."), a nominal noun ("Narice") or the name of its own ("owns."). Separate applications with the Union "How" are allocated on the diagram of the lower line of circumstances and the top - the definition of which "Prich.Zn" is written. or "znkch.".
     
   • Separate additions are indicated in the diagram in the form of ordinary additions with the words related to them "except", "instead", "including", "besides" and others.
     
   • Separate circumstances are depicted in the diagram in the form of one dotted line with dots enclosed in oblique dashs. They are indicated above them than they are expressed: aware of them ("d.") Or a height turnover ("D."). The arrow from the defined word is carried out by separate circumstances.
     The circumstances expressed by the phraseological turnover are signed as "phraseolet.". The signs of punctuation on the letter they are not allocated.
     Above circumstances expressed nouns with pretexts, prepositions and proposed combinations are pressed ("despite", "under the condition", etc.).
     
   • Clarifying members of the proposals are indicated in the scheme in the form of certain members of the sentence - definitions, circumstances, additions, etc. Over each of them raises the question to which they respond: "When?", "What?", "What?" etc. In addition, the scheme indicates the relatives to them unions explaining words and phrases.
     
7. Comparative turns are highlighted in the diagram as well as separate circumstances. Above the inscription "compared.".
   

How to perform a punctuation disclaiming of a complex sentence?
A complex proposal in the scheme is indicated in the form of simple proposals depicted with square and round brackets.

1. In complex suggestions outside of square brackets, denoting equal contacts with respect to each other, concise and separation unions are indicated with punctuation marks. A general secondary member or introductory word is also carried out for brackets and is emphasized either as a circumstance with the inscription "Society" or as an introductory word.
   The formulation of a dash between the simple proposals is explained by the inscriptions "result", "res.m.d." (sharp change of action), etc.
   
2. In complex proposals, the main prosecution is indicated by square brackets, dependent (apparent) - round. With a punctuation analysis, unions ("Soyuz") are prescribed and indicated on the scheme), and indicative words ("Declaration"). Allied words in the apparent and index - in the main thing are emphasized as certain members of the sentence.
   If there are several apparent proposals, each of them put an index arrow from the proposal to which they are subordinated.
   
3. In the non-Union proposals on punctuation marks that bind simple sentences among themselves, a suitable situation of the union is put in parentheses.
   

How is direct speech with a punctuation analysis?
In the scheme, direct speech is represented by the letters "P" (direct speech, standing at the beginning of the offer or being an independent proposal) and "P" (direct speech, standing at the end of the sentence). The words of the author are denoted by the letters "A" and "A".
On the letter and for punctuation analysis, respectively, several options for the design of direct speech are possible:

1. Direct speech is before the words of the author:
2. Direct speech stands after the author's words:
   
3. Direct speech is interrupted by the author's words:

   "P, - A, - P".

   "P, - a. - P".

   "P? - but. - P".

   "P! - but. - P".

   
   

This article covered the foundations of punctuation disclaimers. We recommend supplementing your knowledge on this topic with the help of the Book of O. Ushakova with the same name "punctuation disclation". In this small collection, written in a clear, accessible form, a large number of examples of punctuation discrepancies of various difficulty levels are given.