How does it take and what to do during the attack of appendicitis? Acute appendicitis.

The date: 25.04.2019

In the article we will deal with what part of the appendicitis is in a person and what are his signs. This pathology It is an inflammatory process in a worm-like process that departs from a blind intestine. This is one of the most common ailments in surgery.

Essence of pathology

Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical diseases Abdominal cavity, whose share is 89.1 percent. Appendicitis can meet both men and women at any age. The culmination of morbidity is observed in the category of patients from ten to thirty years. The development of the inflammatory process in a worm-like process occurs in five people from a thousand per year. Appendicitis jumped abdominal surgery, or operational gastroenterology.

What is Appendix?

This is an appendage of a blind intestine having a rudimentary character. Externally, it is an elongated narrow tube, the distal side of which has a blind end, and the proximal is connected to the cavity of the blind intestine using a funnel-shaped hole.

How to determine appendicitis at home, interesting to many.

In the wall draw-shaped process Four layers: serous, muscular, sublimated and mucous. The length of the process - from five to fifteen centimeters, thickness - from seven to ten millimeters. At Apandix has its own mesentery that holds it and ensures the mobility of this process.

It is not fully understood that its functional purpose is not clear, but it has been proven that the appendix has the following functions: barrier, endocrine and secretory. In addition, he is involved in maintaining intestinal microflora and forming immunity reactions. Signs of appendicitis should know each.

Classification of the disease

Two main types of appendicitis are distinguished - chronic and sharp. Each of them has several morphor clinical options. With acute appendicitis there is a catarrhal (simple) and destructive forms (gangrenous, apostleatous, phlegmonous-ulcerative and phlegmonous).

In adults, the symptoms of the disorder of lymph and blood circulation in the process, the appearance of focis of purulent-exudative inflammation in the mucous layer are noted. Appendix increases, the serous shell acquires a full-blooded character. Apandicitis attack arises.

Due to the development of catarrhal inflammation, a purulent disease occurs in acute form. A day after the start of the process leukocyte infiltration It turns into the entire crowd of the appendix wall, and this is regarded as a phlegmonous appendicitis. This form is characterized by thickening the wall of the process, edema and hyperemia of mesentery, the allocation of a purulent secret from the lumen of Apandix.

Signs of course, pronounced. But sometimes the picture is lubricated. If with inflammation of diffuse character is formed a large number of MicroBSRs, it is formed apostatient appendicitis; If there are ulcerations in the mucosa, the phlegmonous-ulcerative appendicitis develops. The progression of destructive processes in the future causes the occurrence of gangrenous appendicitis. When the purulent fabrics are involved in the purulent process, which surround a heart-shaped process, then it is accompanied by the appearance of periapsendicitis, while mesenteriolite develops in mesenter. Complications of acute (predominantly phlegmosno-ulcer) type of appendicitis is the perforation of the process, which leads to a deliberate or spilled peritonitis, or appendicular abscess.

Among the types of chronic appendicitis, primary chronic, residual and recurrent form are distinguished. The flow of the disease is characterized by sclerotic and atrophic processes in the process, destructive-inflammatory changes with further growth in the appendix wall and lumen granulation tissue, the appearance of adhesions between the tissues and serous sheath. When serous fluid accumulates in the lumen, cyst appears.

Signs of appendicitis Read more Consider below, but for now let's talk about the causes of this pathology.

Causes of appendicitis

Appendicitis develops, as a rule, due to the polyimicrobial flora, which are staphylococci, anaeroba, streptococci, intestinal wand and enterococci. The pathogens penetrate the appendix wall by enterogenic way, that is, from the lumen.

Appendicitis develops with the stitch of the intestinal content in a worm-like process due to its inflection, the presence of hiding stones and foreign substances in the lumen, hyperplasia of lymph fabric. The mechanical blocking of the lumen becomes the reason for increasing the pressure inside it, the blood circulation defects in the appendix wall, which is accompanied by a decrease in local immunity, an increase in the activity of glotting bacteria and further introducing them into the mucous membrane.

Food

In pregnant women

There is a higher probability of developing appendicitis in pregnant women. This is due to the displacement of a worm-like process and a blind intestine due to an increase in the size of the uterus. Also predisposing factors in pregnant women are constipation, changes in the supply of pelvis organs, transformation of the immunity system.

Signs of appendicitis

If acute appendicitis has typical form, then pain on the right side in the iliac region, pronounced general and local reaction are observed. In this case, the attack is most often developing sharply. Initially, it is bottled or localized most often in the area near the navel and in the epigastria. After a few hours there is a concentration of pain in appendicitis in the iliac region on the right side.

If Appendix is \u200b\u200blocated atypically, they can be felt unpleasant symptoms In the lumbar region, in the right hypochondrium, above the pubic and near the pelvis. Syndrome of pain in the sharp form of appendicitis is expressed all the time, it increases during laughter or rolling, decreases on the right side in the lying position.

Early symptoms

Typical early signs of appendicitis are symptoms of digestive disorder: vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, gas delay and stool. Tachycardia and subfebelitis are marked. Intoxication is especially expressed in appendicitis destructive form. The flow of the disease can be complicated by the abscesses of the cavity of the peritoneum - Douglasov, interchess, subiaphragmal and appendicular space. In some cases, thrombophlebitis of pelvic or iliac veins is formed, which can become a source of TEL.

In children and elderly

The special specificity of the signs of inflammation of appendicitis is under the clinic of pathology in elderly, pregnant, children, patients who have an atypical arrangement of a worm-like process.

For children B. early age With appendicitis of acute form are observed the following symptomscharacteristic of various children's infections: diarrhea, febrile temperature, frequent vomiting. The child decreases activity, it becomes sluggish and capricious. During the increase in pain syndrome, anxiety may be observed.

Apandicitis attack in older people is somewhat different. Elderly patients in appendicitis usually have erased clinical picture. The disease often passes as reasonable, including in destructive types of disease. The body temperature is not always increased, the painful sensations in the hypogastricity are minor, pulse in normal limits, signs of abdominal irritation weak, small leukocytosis. Elderly patients, especially in the presence of palpable infiltration in the ileum region, requires differential diagnosis of pathology with a tumor in a blind intestine. For this purpose, it is necessary to conduct irrigoscopy or colonoscopy.

If the appendicitis is diagnosed in pregnant women, the pains are able to localize much higher than the location of the iliac region due to the pushing the top intestine in the size of the ultrasound. Other can receive a weaker expression. Appendicitis of acute form in pregnant patients should be distinguished from the danger of spontaneous miscarriage, as well as premature birth.

In chronic form, stupid many pain With appendicitis in the iliac area on the right. They can periodically enhance, especially during physical stress.

Appendicitis clinic is characterized by signs digestive disorders (Stubborn diarrhea or constipation), sensations of gravity and discomfort in the field of epigastria. Body temperature in normal limits clinical analyzes blood and urine do not have pronounced changes. During deep palpation felt painful feelings In the abdomen on the right.

How is the diagnosis of appendicitis?

Diagnosis of the disease

Acute appendicitis It is necessary to distinguish almost all pathologies of the peritonean cavity. This contributes to the specificity of the arrangement of the process, as well as the absence of typical symptoms. How to determine appendicitis at home? Appendicitis is diagnosed on the basis of medical examination and questioning, ultrasound information, as well as laboratory analyzes blood. During pressure on the stomach, the pains are enhanced by pain, but they become particularly strong when a sharp elimination of the pressure of the fingers on the wall of the peritoneum.

At the request of the patient, to get up on the tiptoe, he cannot do this due to increased pain. The number of leukocytes may or increase, or decrease, but there is always a sudden neutrophilic shift. The diagnosis of appendicitis should be timely.

Features of treatment

The acute form is generally accepted in appendicitis is the tactic as quickly as possible removal of the affected heart-shaped process surgically.

If there is a suspicion of such a disease, then before treatment in medical institution EXCLUSIVE EDUCATION AND LIQUE EXCLUSIVE, Showing the applying to the iliac region to the right of cold and bed mode. It is strictly forbidden to drink laxatives, enjoy the heating plates, as well as enter analgesics until the diagnosis is set completely. What is the operation to remove appendicitis?

At acute form, appendectomy is carried out, that is, the removal of the process with laparoscopy or through an open section in the iliac region on the right. With complication of appendicitis, peritonitis is carried out in the period after surgery, the patient takes antibiotics.

In chronic form, an application to remove appendicitis is appendectomy, if there is a resistant pain syndrome, which deprives the patient of normal activity. If symptoms are light, then applied conservative treatmentwhich includes the use of spasmolitics, physiotherapy and elimination of constipation.

Forecast

Which is a person at a person, it is very important to know how to determine it.

If the operation is carried out on time and correctly, then the forecast is favorable. Usually workability is restored after three to four weeks.

As complications, the appearance of inflammatory infiltration after surgery, the abscess of the intercircut and douglas of space, the development of obstruction of the intestinal income is. These states need re-emergency hospitalization.

Such complications as well fatal outcome There may be a consequence of late hospitalization, as well as operations performed by non-time.

We reviewed signs and treatment of appendicitis.

Acute appendicitis - One of the most common sharp (requiring emergency surgery) of surgical pathologies, which is characterized by inflammation of the appendix - a black-shaped intestinal process.

Acute appendicitis: figures and facts:

In developed countries (Europe, North America), acute appendicitis occurs in 7 - 12 out of 100 people.
From 10% to 30% of patients hospitalized in surgical hospital for emergency testimony are patients who suffer from acute appendicitis (ranked second after acute cholecystitis - Inflammation of the gallbladder).
From 60% to 80% of emergency operations are performed due to acute appendicitis.
In Asia and Africa, the disease occurs very rarely.
3/4 Patients with acute appendicitis are young people under the age of 33.
Most often, the inflammation of a worm-like process occurs aged 15-19 years.
With age, the risk of getting sharp appendicitis is reduced. After 50 years, the disease occurs only 2 people out of 100.

Features of the structure of a worm-like process

The human small intestine consists of three parts: actually a thin, skinny and iliac. The iliac is the final department - it goes into colon, connecting with a colon.

The iliac and colon is not connected to the "end to the end": the small intestine seems to be in thick on the side. Thus, it turns out that the end of the colon is blindly closed in the form of the dome. This segment is called a blind intestine. From him and departs a worm-shaped process.

The main features of the anatomy of Appendix:

The diameter of the black-shaped process in an adult is from 6 to 8 mm.
Length can be from 1 to 30 cm. On average - 5 - 10 cm.
A worm-shaped process is located in relation to the blind intestine of Knutrice and a little kice. But there may be other options for location (see below).
Under the mucous membrane of a worm-like process, a large cluster of lymphoid fabric is located. Its function is to neutralize pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, Appendix is \u200b\u200boften called the "abdominal almond".
Outside Appendix is \u200b\u200bcovered with a thin film - peritoneum. He's hanging on it. It takes vessels that feed a heart-shaped process.

Lymphoid fabric appears in the child's appendix about the 2nd week of life. Theoretically, appendicitis is already possible at this age. After 30 years, the number of lymphoid tissue decreases, and after 60 years it is noticed dense connective tissue. This makes it impossible to develop inflammation.

How can appendix be located?

Cell-shaping process can be located in the abdomen in different ways. In such cases, acute appendicitis often resembles other diseases, and a physician has difficulty making a diagnosis.

Options for improper arrangement of a draft-shaped process:

Picture	Explanation
	Near the sacrum.
	In a small pelvis, next to the rectum, bladder, uterus.
	Rear from the rectum.
	Next to the liver and bubble.
	From the front of the stomach - this arrangement of a worm-shaped process happens under malrotation - defective development, when the intestine is underdeveloped and does not occupy a normal position.
	On the left - during the reverse position of the organs (while the heart is on the right, all organs, as it were, in the mirror reflection), or with excessive mobility of the blind intestine.

Causes of appendicitis

The causes of the occurrence of acute appendicitis are quite complex and is not yet fully understood. It is believed that the inflammatory process in a worm-like process causes bacteria that live in his lumen. Normally, they do not harm, because the mucous membrane and lymphoid tissue ensure reliable protection.

The main symptoms of acute appendicitis:

Symptom	Description
Pain	Pain occurs due to inflammation in a worm-like process. In the first 2 - 3 hours, the patient cannot accurately indicate where he hurts. Paining feels like spilled throughout the abdomen. They can occur initially around the navel or "under the spoon". After about 4 hours, the pain shifts into the lower part of the right half of the abdomen: doctors and anatomas call it the right iliac region. Now the patient can say for sure where he hurts. At first, pain occurs in the form of attacks, has a stitching character. Then it becomes a constant, gulp, driving, burning. The intensity of pain increases as inflammation in a worm-shaped process increases. It depends on the subjective perception by man pain. For most people, she is tolerant. When a black-shaped process is filled with pus and stretched, pain becomes a very strong pulling, pulsating. A man falls on the side and mans his legs to the stomach. When the walls of Appendix, the painful sensations disappear or become weaker, as the sensitive nerve endings are dying. But pus breaks into abdominal cavity, And after a short improvement, the pain returns with a new force. The pain is not always localized in the ileum region. If Appendix is \u200b\u200bincorrectly located, it can shift into a supellae region, the left iliac region, under the right or left edge. In such situations, there is a suspicion not at appendicitis, but on diseases of other organs. If the pain is constant and persists for a long time - it is necessary to consult a doctor or call "ambulance"!
Strengthening pain	Actions during which pain in acute appendicitis increases: singing; sharp rise from the position lying; jumping. Strengthening pain occurs due to the offset of appendix.
Nausea and vomiting	Nausea and vomiting arise almost in all patients with acute appendicitis (there are exceptions), usually a few hours after the occurrence of pain. Vomiting 1 - 2 times. It is due to the reflex that arises in response to irritation of nervous endings in a worm-like process.
Lack of appetite	I don't want to have a patient with a sharp appendicitis. There are rare exceptions when the appetite is good.
Constipation	It occurs about half of the patients with acute appendicitis. As a result of irritation of the nervous endings of the abdominal cavity, the intestine ceases to shrink and pushing the cal. Some patients appendix is \u200b\u200blocated in such a way that it comes into contact with thin intestine. With its inflammation, irritation of nervous endings, on the contrary, enhances the intestinal cuts and contributes to the occurrence of a liquid chair.
Abdominal muscle tension	If you try to feel in a patient with appendicitis, the right side of the abdomen from below, then it will be very dense, sometimes almost like a board. The abdominal muscles strap reflexively, as a result of irritation of nervous endings in the abdominal cavity.
Violation of general well-being	The state of most patients is satisfactory. Sometimes weakness occurs, lethargy, pallor.
Increase body temperature	During the day, the body temperature in acute appendicitis rises to 37 - 37.8⁰. The increase in temperature to 38 ° C and above is noted in the serious condition of the patient, the development of complications.

When, when acute appendicitis, you need to call "ambulance"?

Appendicitis is an acute surgical pathology. Eliminate it and avoid the threat to the life of the patient only by emergency operation. Therefore, with the slightest suspicion of acute appendicitis, you need to immediately call the ambulance brigade. The faster the doctor will examine the patient - the better.

Before the arrival, the doctor cannot take any medicines. After their reception, the pain subsides, the symptoms of appendicitis will be expressed not so much. This can enter a misconception: examined the patient, it will come to the conclusion that there is no acute surgical disease. But the well-being caused by the effects of drugs is temporary: after they stop acting, the condition is even more worse.

Some people when they begin to bother constant abdominal pain, refer to the clinic to the therapist. If a suspicion arises in the fact that the patient "acute belly", he is sent to the counseling for the surgeon. If he confirms the concerns of the therapist, then the patient will be taken to ambulance in a surgical hospital.

How does the surgeon inspect the patient with a sharp appendicitis?

What can a doctor ask?

Where is the stomach hurts (the doctor asks the patient himself)?
When did the pain appear? What did the patient do, ate before it?
Was there a nausea or vomiting?
Was the temperature rises? What figures? When?
When was the last time a chair? Was he liquid? Did he have an unusual color or smell?
When was the patient for the last time ate? Does it want to eat now?
What other complaints are?
Did the patient removed in the past appendix? This question seems banal, but he is important. Appendicitis cannot occur twice: during surgery, the inflamed worm-shaped process is always removed. But not all people know about it.

How does the doctor inspect the stomach, and what symptoms checks?

First of all, the surgeon lays a patient on the couch and feels the belly. Takes are always starting from the left side - where there is no pain, and then go to the right half. The patient informs the surgeon about its feelings, and over the location of the appendix, the doctor feels the tension of the muscles. In order to better feel it, the doctor puts one hand on the right half of the patient's belly, and the other - on the left, spends them at the same time feeling and compares the sensations.

With acute appendicitis, many specific symptoms are detected. The main ones are:

Symptom	Explanation
Strengthening pain in the position on the left side and a decrease in the position on the right side.	When the patient falls on the left side, Appendix shifts, and the peritone is stretched, on which it is suspended.
The doctor slowly presses the patient's belly at the location of the Cell-shaped process, and then dramatically releases his hand. At this point there is a strong pain.	All organs in the abdomen, including appendix, are covered with a thin film - peritoneum. It contains a large number of nerve endings. When the doctor presses on the stomach - the leaflets of the peritoneum pressed together, and when he lets - they are sharply decayed. In this case, if there is an inflammatory process, irritation of nervous endings occurs.
The doctor asks for a patient to kill or jump. In this case, the pain is enhanced.	During jumps and cough, a worm-shaped process shifts, and this leads to an increase in pain.

Is it possible to immediately make a diagnosis?

Over the past century, surgeons are described more than 120 symptoms of acute appendicitis. But none of them allows you to make a diagnosis of accurately. Each of them only speaks that in the abdomen there is a focus of inflammation. To diagnose theoretically quite simple enough, and at the same time in practice in many cases it is very difficult.

Sometimes it happens that the patient is delivered to the surgical hospital, he inspects the doctor, but even after a thorough inspection there are doubts. In such situations, the patient usually leave in the hospital for a day and is observed for its condition. If the symptoms are enhanced, and there is no doubt about the presence of acute appendicitis, carry out operation.

Observation of the patient with suspicion of acute appendicity to carry out at home. He must be in the hospital, where it will be regularly examined by the doctor, and when the state deteriorates, it will immediately be sent to the operating room.

Sometimes it happens that there are bright signs of acute appendicitis, and making a cut, the surgeon detects a healthy appendix. This happens very rarely. In such a situation, the doctor must carefully examine the intestine and the abdomen cavity - the other surgical disease has been disguised as an acute appendicitis.

Gynecological pathology : Inflammation and basin of uterine pipes and ovaries, ectopic pregnancy, twist the legs of the tumor or cysts, the apoplexy of the ovary.
Renal colic on the right .
Acute inflammation of the pancreas .
Acute gallbladder inflammation, bile colic .
The ulcer of the stomach or duodenal intestine, which passes through the wall of the organ .
Intestinal colic - A condition that often imitates acute appendicitis in children.

In order to understand the cause of abdominal pain and take the necessary actions in a timely manner, the patient must inspect the doctor. Moreover, first of all, the patient should be shown exactly a surgeon!

Analyzes and research in acute appendicitis

Study	Description	How is it held?
General blood analysis	Changes identified in the patient's blood, along with other signs confirm the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The increased content of leukocytes is revealed - a sign of the inflammatory process.	Blood take immediately after entering the surgical hospital.
General urine analysis	If a worm-shaped process is near the bladder, the red blood cells (red blood tales) are revealed in the urine.	Urine collected immediately after the patient's arrival in the hospital.
Radioscopy belly	The study is carried out according to the testimony. During X-ray, the doctor can see on the screen: Specific signs of acute appendicitis. Caliac stone that clogs the clearance of appendix. Air in abdomen - Sign of what is the destruction of the wall of the draft-shaped process.	Radioscopy is carried out in real time: the doctor gets an image on a special monitor. If necessary, it can take pictures.
Ultrasound procedure	Ultrasonic waves are safe for the body, so ultrasound is a preferred technique in suspected appendicitis in pregnant women, small children, the elderly. In the presence of inflammation in the draft process, its increase is detected, thickening of the walls, the change in the shape. With the help of ultrasound research, acute appendicitis is detected in 90 - 95% of patients. Accuracy depends on the qualifications and experience of the doctor.	It is carried out in the same way as the usual ultrasound. The doctor puts the patient to the couch, puts a special gel on the skin and puts a sensor on it.
CT scan	The study is carried out by testimony. This method is more accurate compared to radiography. During computer tomography You can reveal appendicitis, distinguish it from other diseases. CT is shown in acute appendicitis, accompanied by complications, if there is a suspicion of a tumor or an affirmist in the stomach.	The patient is placed in a special apparatus, - a computer tomograph, - and take pictures.

Laparoscopy in appendicitis

What is laparoscopy?

Laparoscopy - this is an endoscopic technique that is used for diagnosis and surgical treatment Diseases. The surgeon enters the patient's abdomen through the puncture of special equipment with a miniature video camera. This makes it possible to directly inspect the affected organ, in this case - Appendix.

What are the indications for laparoscopy with acute appendicitis?

If the doctor is watching the patient for a long time, but still can not understand: he has acute appendicitis, or not.
If symptoms of acute appendicitis occur in a woman and strongly resemble a gynecological disease. As statistics show, in women every 5th - 10th operation in suspected appendicitis is mistakenly performed. Therefore, if the doctor doubts, it is much more expedient to resort to laparoscopy.
If symptoms are available in a patient with diabetes mellitus. For such patients, it is impossible to observe for long - they have blood circulation, reduced immune defenseSo complications develop very quickly.
If acute appendicitis is diagnosed in a patient with an excess body and well-developed subcutaneous fat. In this case, when the laparoscopy fails, it would have to make a big incision, which long heals, can be complicated by infection and suppuration.
If the diagnosis is not in doubt, and the patient itself is asking for a laparoscopically operation. The surgeon may agree in the absence of contraindications.

What will the doctor sees during laparoscopy?

During the laparoscopy, the surgeon sees an increased in size, the edema worm-shaped process. It has bright red. A network of extended vessels is visible around it. Also on the surface of the heart-shaped process you can see guns. If Appendiles began to collapse, then the doctor sees the stains of a dirty gray.

How is laparoscopy under acute appendicitis?

Laparoscopy is surgical intervention. It is carried out in the operating room, under sterile conditions, under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes one puncture in the abdomen in order to enter a tool with a video camera, and another quantity (usually 3) - in order to introduce surgical endoscopic tools. After the intervention is completed, the seams are applied to the place of punctors.

Is it possible during diagnostic laparoscopy to immediately operate acute appendicitis?

Performing a laparoscopic removal of a worm-like process is possible about 70% of patients. The rest have to go to the cut.

Treatment of acute appendicitis

Surgical treatment of acute appendicitis

Immediately after the patient has been diagnosed with acute appendicitis, surgical treatment is necessary. From the amount of time, which has passed since the appearance of the first symptoms, a favorable outcome depends before the operation. It is believed that ideally surgical intervention must be carried out within 1 hour from the moment of diagnosis.

Operation in acute appendicitis is called appendectomia. During her, the doctor removes a heart-shaped process - in a different way to get rid of the focus of inflammation.

Types of operation in acute appendicitis:

Open intervention. It is most often done, as it is easier and faster, it does not need special equipment for it.
Laparoscopic appendectomy. Performed according to special readings (see above). It can be carried out only if there are endoscopic equipment and trained specialists in the clinic.

The operation is always carried out under general anesthesia. Sometimes, in exceptional cases, it can be used local anesthesia (for adults only).

Medical treatment with acute appendicitis

With the help of drugs to cure acute appendicitis impossible. Before the arrival, the doctor cannot independently take any drugs, since because of this, the symptoms will decrease, and the diagnosis will be delivered incorrectly.
Medical therapy Used only as a surgical treatment supplement.

Before and after surgery, antibiotics prescribe:

In the second half of pregnancy, a woman is difficult to try to try his belly. The enlarged uterus shifts the black-shaped process up, so the pain occurs above its normal location, sometimes directly under the right edge.

Reliable I. safe Method Apandicitis diagnostics in a pregnant woman - ultrasound procedure.
The only method of treatment is an operation. Otherwise, both mother and fruit can die. During pregnancy, laparoscopic intervention is often performed.

Acute child appendicitis

In children older than 3 years, acute appendicitis proceeds almost the same as in an adult. The main symptoms are pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting.

Features of acute appendicitis in children under 3 years old:

It is impossible to understand whether the child has a belly, and if it hurts, in the same place. Little children cannot explain it.
Even if the child can point into place of pain, it usually shows the area around the navel. This is due to the fact that Appendix at an early age is not quite as in adults.
The child becomes sluggish, capricious, often crying, sucks with legs.
Dream is disturbed. Usually the child becomes restless in the late afternoon, not sleeping and cries all night. This makes the parents in the morning to call "ambulance".
Vomiting arises 3 - 6 times per day.
The body temperature is often rising to 38 - 39⁰.

Diagnosis is very difficult. Doctors often have doubts, the child is left for a day in the hospital and are observed in the dynamics.

Prevention of acute appendicitis

Proper nutrition. In the diet, a sufficient amount of dietary fibers (vegetables and fruits), dairy products should be present.
Timely treatment of any infections and inflammatory diseases.
Fighting constipation.

Special prevention, which could 100% prevent acute appendicitis, does not exist.

Appendicitis is a cunning disease that can not show themselves for a very long time. But at the same time, if it "shoots", then there is no longer one no longer. Symptoms of such a disease are quite serious and complex and require immediate appeal to the doctor. It is worth remembering that it is impossible to joke in acute appendicitis with your body. After all, if the medical care is not provided on time, then acute development Diseases may well come and death. In addition, it is worth learning how the first aid looks like on appendicitis so that the patient can be supported before the arrival of the physicians. Ambulance in such a situation is the most correct decision.

What kind of symptomatics pay attention

Be sure to know which symptoms have appendicitis. This will understand whether urgent medical care is required. The attack can start unexpectedly. And here it is very important to properly render prefigureSo that the patient does not feel a special pain and did not fall into shock from her.

So, to the number of symptoms, when urgent assistance is required and appendicitis is obvious:
Nausea and vomot
A sharp pain that does not pass in any way, for example, when changing the position of the body
Weakness and loss of performance
A sharp rise of the values \u200b\u200bof the thermometer to critical numbers (with acute inflammation of the process, this is quite frequent phenomenon)

If they manifested themselves at once, it can be safely thought that a person is acute appendicitis and an attack in full swing. First aid here will be as impossible. Naturally, after the ambulance will be caused.

What is usually used as urgent help with this pathology exist

If a person has started an attack, followed as follows. It is worth putting the patient on the back, and on the belly put it ice. Moreover, everything is suitable as ice with acute appendicitis - any object of freezing from the freezer.

In addition, it is necessary to limit maximum motor activity man. Also, it is also impossible to give a sick food, maximum that is allowed - ordinary drinking non-carbonated water.

Actually, on this, the whole first aid and ends. But it is worth understanding that many often begin to take the initiative and take incorrect measures, which later make it difficult to diagnose such pathology as acute appendicitis.

What measures do not be taken in the development of appendicitis

To the number of measures that cannot be conducted in development acute inflammation The film of the blind intestine includes a number of traditional events that are all starting to be feverishly used.

So, a big mistake will give a person an anesthetic. Despite the fact that the pain in appendicitis is quite serious and tangible (it is still often characterized by people "on the walls to climb"), it is not necessary to muffle it with different pills. This is due to the fact that appendicitis symptoms are often confused with others various symptoms and signs of problems digestive organs human body. And doctors need all the symptoms to determine the most clearly - inflammation is or not.

If an anesthetic, the power of pain and its intensity decrease sharply, and it can easily bring a doctor to improper diagnosis and incorrectly selected treatment. As a result, time will be missed, and the treatment can become more complicated and longer.

In addition, quite a favorite method for many - to provide first aid using heat. For this, a hot heater is usually used. But it is worth understanding that the attack of appendicitis means that the accumulated purulent masses in the process are broken out. And it is necessary not to provoke their rapid movement. And heat, just and is an excellent catalyst.

What should be considered

It often happens that pain caused by the inflammation of the appendix, subsided and passed independently. At the same time, if this pathology is available, it is likely to show itself in the near future. Or maybe it is generally the cause of the development of the chronic form of pathology.

Also, pains may pass if only the mucous membrane is affected during the development of appendicitis. In this case, in the breakthrough, pus pain may pass. Because of this, even for doctors, diagnostics becomes rather difficult.

To the one who tries to provide first aid, it is necessary to understand all this very clearly, and not particularly give in to the patient's persuasion. After all, in any case, the pus in the peritoneum is not good. And this is quite a complex test for human health. Also all this can easily lead to death.

May occur in a person of any gender, age and in any physiological state. Often, they first manifest themselves against the background of complete health and force the patient to go to bed. What are their essence?

Symptoms attack of acute appendicitis

The attack of appendicitis, as a rule, begins suddenly with the appearance in the evening or even at night. In most cases, it is bottled throughout the area of \u200b\u200bthe abdomen or it seems that the source unpleasant sensations Localized in the navel area. Subsequently, the pain smoothly moves to the right lower part of the abdomen, that is, the right illega, although in some situations it occurs in this zone initially.

IMPORTANT: In isolated cases, pain move to the lower back area, closer to the groin or in the center of the abdomen. This is observed in the atypical arrangement of a worm-shaped process, which is extremely rare.

Other symptoms

In addition, the attack of appendicitis is characteristic:

a slight increase in temperature;
formation of plaque in the language;
nausea;
vomiting;
chair disorders.

In addition, there are a number of special tests that help. They are based on a slight pressure on specific painful Points and observation of the patient's reaction. But only a specialist can carry out such manipulations.

IMPORTANT: in no case can you try to finally palpate the abdomen of the patient, as it can only worsen his condition or lead to the rupture of the inflamed duct-like process and, consequently, the development of complications.

Also help in determining true reason The appearance of abdominal pain will help monitor behavior, a patient and his breathing. The development of the attack of appendicitis indicates:

muscle tension of the front abdominal wall on the right;
lag with the right side of the abdomen when performing respiratory movements;
sharp increase in pain when turning to the left side;
currently, a patient for forced poses on the right side with a foot tightened to the stomach, etc.

In general, the intensity of the manifestations of the disease and their nature will directly depend on the stage of the inflammatory process and the presence of associated pathologies. Nevertheless, the age of the patient plays a latter role in this. Therefore, the elderly people who preserved a worm-shaped process should be especially attentive to themselves, and their relatives, because by the age of age changes, they have a clinical picture of the inflammation of the appendix quite erased, which significantly complicates the diagnosis of the ailment.

Stage of Apandicitis

During appendicitis, it is customary to allocate such stages as:

Catarial. As a rule, it lasts about 12 hours and manifests itself with a sudden appearance of pain, nausea and disposable vomiting. Gradually, pain is transferred to the right side of the abdomen. At the same time, they usually change their character to the new, pressing or even pulsating, with multiple intensity. Quite often in patients during this period there is a chair disorder, urination participation and subfebrile temperature Body. Gradually, these symptoms of the attack of appendicitis are complemented by the increase in weakness, the increase in heartbeat and dry mouth.
Purulent. The existence of this stage was ambiguous opinion. Many believe that the formation of a pus in the cavity of Apandix refers to characteristic of destructive processes. Nevertheless, after the simple or catarrhal form of appendicitis, in the absence of surgical treatment in the cavity of a worm-like process, a mine begins to form and accumulate, which may be accompanied by a deterioration. general status patient.
Phlegmonous. It is characterized by severe pains, a constant nausea, tachycardia and the lag of the right side of the abdomen during the respiratory process, positive reaction All tests, etc. If we talk about changes in the very process, then its walls are noticeably thicken, and the formation of pus is significantly activated. This is usually observed at the end of the first day of the course of the disease. Typically, patients are addressed to doctors in this period, which no longer guarantees prosperous outcomeSince the transition to the next step occurs very rapidly.
. At this stage, pain usually disappear, which indicates the death of the nerve endings of the appendix, and signs of general intoxication of the body come to the fore. Stretched, inflamed walls of the process are ready to break at any time, which will cause the development of peritonitis, sepsis and other unpleasant consequences.
Perforative. About this stage of appendicitis speaks already after formation in the wall of the draft hole and pouring its contents into the abdominal cavity. It is characterized by the appearance of the most powerful constant pain on the right, which tend to enhance. Tachycardia is also enhanced, the body temperature jumps to critical parameters, and the stomach is inflated and becomes terribly tense. In addition, after appendix, the color of the plaque in the tongue with white on the brown can change.

Important: All the above time is indicated only about. In reality, they can fluctuate in fairly wide limits. Therefore, when the first signs of appendicitis, or only suspicion of the possibility of the development of this disease, it is worth an ambulance with an ambulance or independently deliver a patient to a surgical hospital for an inspection by a qualified physician.

Fundamentals of first aid

The main help of the patient will be a challenge of the ambulance brigade or delivery to the hospital. Usually doctors prohibit the patient any medicinal products Prior to inspection, especially painkillers, since this significantly complicates the diagnosis of the disease.

Any self-treatment during the attack of appendicitis is prohibited!

However, in the presence of strong pains in rare cases, you can give a person antispasmodic preparations. If soon after this relief does not occur, it is necessary to urgently turn to doctors. But stronger drugs are strictly prohibited, including any antibiotics and popular NSAIDs. The first assistance in appendicitis does not imply the use of the heating or any compresses. Not only does it help to remove pain, but also will strengthen the inflammatory process.

There are a number of people who concern that it would seem, an absurd question: how to call appendicitis. But many doctors are confident that this thick intestine proceedings are completely useless education, besides, if you delete it, you can avoid such a disease in the future as peritonitis. But, on the other hand, the independent calling of the inflammation of the appendix may threaten complications if you do not recognize the attack of appendicitis on time, you can even lose your life. This happened more than once if a person was far from the medical center at that time.

Blind but dangerous

The formation itself is a short and thin blind worm-shaped process, the length of which is from 7 to 10 cm. It is located appendix at the end of the blind intestine in the initial division of the large intestine. The process also produces intestinal juice, as well as the entire colon department, but it is so little that a special role in digestive system He is not playing. therefore for a long time It existed that the appendix is \u200b\u200ba completely useless education, which was removed at the first opportunity. The recent discovery of scientists suggests that the appendix is \u200b\u200bnot so useless, lymphoid fabrics found in it, like those that are in sky Almonds. Since these cells are able to protect against infections, there is an assumption that Appendix is \u200b\u200bpart of the human immune system.

At the same time, scientists have proven that immune cells It has not so much in it, and the process has no particular importance for human immunity. Therefore, many scientists again agreed that there is no special benefit from a worm-like process, and the harm in its inflammation is significant. If you do not recognize the attack on time, then it is dangerous not only for human health, but also for his life.

The main causes of inflammation

If a person decided to call appendicitis, then do this, most likely, is not worth it, as the entire immune system will be undermined, and on the background of this, other diseases will develop. With insufficient intake of fiber to the body, an attack of appendicitis can begin, as well as with a large number of animals consumed proteins and fats, that is, meat and fish. If a person uses more vegetable food, then the attack of appendicitis may never happen.

Appendicitis causes an artificial entry of food in the blind guts. For this you need to eat food, which is driving everywhere, such as sunflower seeds. In this case, it is necessary to eat fried seeds along with the shell for a long time.

In the purified form of seeds is very useful for the body, they contain many potassium and magnesium. They are easily digested and do not lead to the inflammation of the appendix. Remember that if you swallow the shell that is initially dirty, you can call infectious diseases intestines.

Appendicitis can begin due to pomegranates or grape bones. On the other hand, the pomegranate bones are rich in fiber, they brush the body from poor cholesterol and other malicious substances. They are able to normalize the hormonal background and increase the hemoglobin in the blood. But in large numbers, the exchanging pomegranate bones cause inflammation of the blind intestine just like grape, watermelon, apple.

Risk factors

But accurate reasons The development of appendicitis is still not established. There are risk groups that are partially listed above. To other provoking factors, the appearance of an attack include a number of diseases:

chronic angina;
inflammatory process in the lungs;
long, non-coming colds;
diseases of the digestive system;
caries.

As a result of these diseases, the infection penetrates into the bloodstream and further enters the progestion of the blind intestine, causing an inflammatory process. Therefore, it is very important to visit doctors and dentists in a timely manner.

Scientists assume that stressful situations play an important role in the development of appendicitis. It happens so - as a result of strong unrest, human vessels are strongly narrowed. Blood does not come in sufficient quantity to the process, and inflammation develops. But more often the remaining causes provokes appendicitis yet clogging of the intestine, which causes constipation and colitis, and in the future the attack develops.

Other sources of appendicitis can be attributed to:

Fast food. In such food, many dangerous food additives and fat. Fried food is able to overload the stomach, from which the outflow of a blind intestine will not cope with such a load. Over time, the appendix occurs in bloating, it is started to attack the pathogenic microorganisms, as a result of inflammation there is an attack.
Nuts. Despite their utility, a large amount of this product result in negative consequences, especially salty nuts.
Crisps. Children most often like this product, therefore, it is precisely from chips that appendicitis attacks in children under 15 years old. Therefore, the task of parents is to follow the nutrition of your child.
Sweets. Currently, confectionery is stuffed with various additives, dyes, chemical elements and preservatives, which are significantly harmful not only figure, but also the body as a whole. Therefore, sweet fans suffer from caries, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, etc. And all these violations lead to the inflammation of the appendix.

Symptomatic manifestations

To cope with the situation in time, it is necessary to know signs of acute appendicitis:

The first thing that points to the attack is a cutting abdominal pain. At first it is localized in the umbilical area, then moves to the left side. The pain can be both constant and temporary.
There is nausea and vomiting. Not only remnants will be visible in the vomit unpained food, but also bile impurities with yellowish mucus. Appetite in the patient is absent.
Other signs of dyspepsia are manifested.
Increasing body temperature up to 37.5-38 ºC, if the temperature reaches high marks, then this indicates an inflammatory process. Perhaps the development of peritonitis, appendicular infiltration or septic thrombophlebitis began.

It is very important during the day after the start of the attack to seek medical attention. Otherwise, the disease will go into the gangrenoz stage. At this time, a person does not feel already strong painThis is due to the intimidation of the nerve endings of the outflow of a blind intestine. But general intoxication continues, along with this there is an acute tachycardia.

Treatment is carried out surgical. Otherwise, the process will break through, and this is a direct threat to the life of the patient. Therefore, knowing about the reasons causing appendicitis, and the unpleasant consequences of such a state, observe the elementary rules that will allow living calmly and not be afraid of their health.

In the article we will deal with what part of the appendicitis is in a person and what are his signs. This pathology is an inflammatory process in a worm-like process, which departs from a blind intestine. This is one of the most common ailments in surgery.

Essence of pathology

Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity, the proportion of which is 89.1 percent. Appendicitis can meet both men and women at any age. The culmination of morbidity is observed in the category of patients from ten to thirty years. The development of the inflammatory process in a worm-like process occurs in five people from a thousand per year. Appendicitis is denominated by abdominal surgery, or operational gastroenterology.

What is Appendix?

How to determine appendicitis at home, interesting to many.

In the wall of the heart-shaped process, four layers: serous, muscle, submool and mucous. The length of the process - from five to fifteen centimeters, thickness - from seven to ten millimeters. At Apandix has its own mesentery that holds it and ensures the mobility of this process.

It is not fully understood that its functional purpose is not clear, but it has been proven that the appendix has the following functions: barrier, endocrine and secretory. In addition, it is involved in maintaining intestinal microflora and forming immunity reactions. Signs of appendicitis should know each.

Classification of the disease

With a catarrile appendicitis in adults, the symptoms of the disorder of lymph and blood circulation in the process, the appearance of focus of purulent-exudative inflammation in the mucous layer are noted. Appendix increases, the serous shell acquires a full-blooded character. Apandicitis attack arises.

Due to the development of catarrhal inflammation, a purulent disease occurs in acute form. After a day, after the start of the process, leukocyte infiltration reckoned on the entire target of the appendix wall, and this is regarded as a phlegmonous appendicitis. This form is characterized by thickening the wall of the process, edema and hyperemia of mesentery, the allocation of a purulent secret from the lumen of Apandix.

Signs of appendicitis inflammation, of course, pronounced. But sometimes the picture is lubricated. If a large number of microabscesses are formed with inflammation of a diffuse nature, then apostatient appendicitis is formed; If there are ulcerations in the mucosa, the phlegmonous-ulcerative appendicitis develops. The progression of destructive processes in the future causes the occurrence of gangrenous appendicitis. When the purulent fabrics are involved in the purulent process, which surround a heart-shaped process, then it is accompanied by the appearance of periapsendicitis, while mesenteriolite develops in mesenter. Complications of acute (predominantly phlegmosno-ulcer) type of appendicitis is the perforation of the process, which leads to a deliberate or spilled peritonitis, or appendicular abscess.

Among the types of chronic appendicitis, primary chronic, residual and recurrent form are distinguished. The flow of the disease is characterized by sclerotic and atrophic processes in the process, destructive-inflammatory changes with further growth in the appendix wall and lumen granulation tissue, the appearance of adhesions between tissues and a serous shell. When serous fluid accumulates in the lumen, cyst appears.

Signs of appendicitis Read more Consider below, but for now let's talk about the causes of this pathology.

Causes of appendicitis

Food

In pregnant women

Signs of appendicitis

If acute appendicitis has a typical form, then pain on the right side in the iliac region, pronounced general and local reactions are observed. In this case, the attack is most often developing sharply. Initially, it is bottled or localized most often in the area near the navel and in the epigastria. After a few hours there is a concentration of pain in appendicitis in the iliac region on the right side.

If Appendix is \u200b\u200blocated atypically, there may be unpleasant symptoms in the lumbar region, in the right hypochondrium, above the pubic and near the pelvis. Syndrome of pain in the sharp form of appendicitis is expressed all the time, it increases during laughter or rolling, decreases on the right side in the lying position.

Early symptoms

Typical early signs of appendicitis are symptoms of digestive disorder: vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, gas delay and stool. Tachycardia and subfebelitis are marked. Inxication is especially expressed in appendicitis destructive form. The flow of the disease can be complicated by the abscesses of the cavity of the peritoneum - Douglasov, interchess, subiaphragmal and appendicular space. In some cases, thrombophlebitis of pelvic or iliac veins is formed, which can become a source of TEL.

In children and elderly

The special specificity of the signs of inflammation of appendicitis is under the clinic of pathology in elderly, pregnant, children, patients who have an atypical arrangement of a worm-like process.

For children at an early age in appendicitis of acute form, the following symptoms are observed characteristic of various children's infections: diarrhea, febrile temperature, frequent vomiting. The child decreases activity, it becomes sluggish and capricious. During the increase in pain syndrome, anxiety may be observed.

Apandicitis attack in older people is somewhat different. Elderly patients with appendicitis usually have an erased clinical picture. The disease often passes as reasonable, including in destructive types of disease. The body temperature is not always increased, the painful sensations in the hypogastricity are minor, pulse in normal limits, signs of abdominal irritation weak, small leukocytosis. Elderly patients, especially in the presence of palpable infiltration in the ileum region, requires differential diagnosis of pathology with a tumor in a blind intestine. For this purpose, it is necessary to conduct irrigoscopy or colonoscopy.

If the appendicitis is diagnosed in pregnant women, the pains are able to localize much higher than the location of the iliac region due to the pushing the top intestine in the size of the ultrasound. Other symptoms of appendicitis can receive a weaker expression. Appendicitis of acute form in pregnant patients should be distinguished from the danger of spontaneous miscarriage, as well as premature birth.

In chronic form, stupid painful pains are noted during appendicitis in the iliac region on the right. They can periodically enhance, especially during physical stress.

The appendicitis clinic is characterized by signs of digestive disorders (stubborn diarrhea or constipation), sensations of gravity and discomfort in the field of epigastria. Temperature of the body under normal limits, clinical blood tests and urine do not have pronounced changes. During deep palpation, painful sensations in the abdomen on the right are felt.

How is the diagnosis of appendicitis?

Diagnosis of the disease

Acute appendicitis must be distinguished from almost all pathologies of the body of the peritoneal cavity. This contributes to the specificity of the arrangement of the process, as well as the absence of typical symptoms. How to determine appendicitis at home? Appendicitis is diagnosed on the basis of medical examination and questioning, ultrasound information, as well as laboratory blood tests. During pressure on the stomach, the pains are enhanced by pain, but they become particularly strong when a sharp elimination of the pressure of the fingers on the wall of the peritoneum.

Features of treatment

The acute form is generally accepted in appendicitis is the tactic as quickly as possible removal of the affected heart-shaped process surgically.

If there is a suspicion of such a disease, then before treatment in the medical institution, food and fluid is excluded, applying to the iliac region to the right of the cold and bed mode is shown. It is strictly forbidden to drink laxatives, enjoy the heating plates, as well as enter analgesics until the diagnosis is set completely. What is the operation to remove appendicitis?

At acute form, appendectomy is carried out, that is, the removal of the process with laparoscopy or through an open section in the iliac region on the right. With the complication of appendicitis peritonitis, median laparotomy is carried out. In the period after operation, the patient takes antibiotics.

In chronic form, an application to remove appendicitis is appendectomy, if there is a resistant pain syndrome, which deprives the patient of normal activity. If symptoms are easy, conservative treatment is used, which includes the use of spasmolitics, physiotherapy and elimination of constipation.

Forecast

Which is a person at a person, it is very important to know how to determine it.

If the operation is carried out on time and correctly, then the forecast is favorable. Usually workability is restored after three to four weeks.

Such complications, as well as the lethal exodus, may be a consequence of late hospitalization, as well as the operation made in a non-time.

We reviewed signs and treatment of appendicitis.

Most of us are familiar with common problems associated with violation of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. We are talking about constipation and diarrhea. Probably, a couple of times in life you have come across food poisoning. But the inflamed appendix makes itself felt much less likely. According to statistics, only five percent of the population of the doctor is removed Appendix. And if you still got into this small company, you need to know about signs of impending disease.

This problem is serious

Experts warn about the seriousness of the problem. If Appendix is \u200b\u200binflamed, it means that the infection has already penetrated into it. Without interference of surgeons, life-threatening consequences are possible. The inflamed process can burst, as a result of which peritonitis develops throughout the abdominal cavity. At best, the patient will transfer several operations, in the worst case of the doctor will be powerless. According to Jennifer Kadl, the doctor of medicine, a certified family doctor and associate professor of the Rowan school of osteopathic medicine, not every case of appendicitis leads to a rupture of the body. However, the longer the inflamed appendix will not be operated on, the higher the probability of a crying outcome.

Before you, five warning signs pointing to the fact that Appendix is \u200b\u200babout to know about himself. If your well-being allows you to move on your own, consult your doctor. If the situation is critical, do not slow and call an intersection.

Your stomach hurts more than before

Appendicitis usually causes severe pain, which extends from the navel to the lower right of the abdomen. This pain does not at all mean that Appendix is \u200b\u200babout to burst. To determine the exact diagnosis, you will need to go through the procedure of computed tomography. Dan Gingold, Mistor of emergency medical care medical center Mercy in Baltimore, says that some patients with appendicitis have another type of discomfort.

Pay attention to the characteristic pain on the right side of the abdomen when walking or during coughing. You can drive by car on an uneven road without reducing speed, and this will also know about yourself in the right side. This is due to the fact that the entire abdominal wall may be inflamed. In this case, the appendicitis can be on the verge of break, or the worst thing has already happened. We advise you to immediately consult a doctor.

You have vomiting and decline in appetite

Not in all cases of appendicitis symptoms are so unambiguous. If you have nausea and loss of appetite, the suspicion may fall on food poisoning. Let these manifestations are misleading you if you have a strong pain when you leave the house. The inflamed appendix sometimes affects other departments of the gastrointestinal tract and even affects the nervous system. That's why you are watching nausea and vomiting.

You go to the toilet much more often

Some people have appendix in the lower abdomen. Therefore, inflammation can give itself to know through bladder. Thus, you may have more frequent urination to urine. When the bladder comes into contact with the inflamed process, it also inflicts and annoyed. As a result, along with frequent urges, you feel pain during urination itself. Do not confuse your condition with cystitis or kidney diseases if your condition is accompanied by other symptoms characteristic of appendicitis.

Raising temperature and chills

Fever and chills eloquently indicate that inflammatory processes occur somewhere in your body. With an inflamed appendix, the body begins to respond, releasing chemical protection signals. These substances cause anxiety, localized pain, as well as fever and chills. If you have with a high temperature (above 39 degrees), there are pain in the stomach, immediately consult a doctor.

You are not in yourself

Your condition can be called critical if you have a confusion of consciousness and disorientation in space. This symptom indicates that the infection begins to capture new territories. In the event that Appendix has already broken, and purulent discharge They fell into the bloodstream, the patient develops sepsis. Experts warn that this condition can lead to fatal outcome. The confusion of consciousness occurs by no means due to the violation of the brain processes. This condition is caused by the development of infection and overruns of bodily resources. Even oxygen is thrown by the body to fight inflammation, but the brain remains without part of resources.

Without receiving proper nutrition, the chief body gives you to know about it through confused and disorientation. That is why it is important to seek qualified medical care as soon as possible. Every time you watch from nervous system Strange behavior, do not postpone the urgent call. Note that the oxygen starvation of the brain can be caused not only by inflammation of appendicitis. The sooner you can get help, the better.

Children and adults suffer from appendicitis. The statistics of the disease have been practically at a constant level for many years, despite the development of medical technologies and preventive propaganda among the population.

In acute form, the disease is fraught with a serious threat to the life of the victim.

General

Appandycite can even be in breast-age

Appendicitis is called an inflammatory process in the area of \u200b\u200bthe outflow of a blind intestine - Apandix. The term was proposed in 1886 by the American professor R. Fitz in the article in which he pointed out the exact symptoms of pathology and the most effective method Her treatment is operational.

In 1887, the first appendectomy was made in the United States - the Operation to remove appendix. In 1890, the first experience of the surgery of Apandicitis received A.A. Trojan. But only after the surgeon congress in 1909, this practice began to gain momentum.

Appendix has relatively small dimensions - up to 1.2 cm in diameter and up to 10 cm long. Its location relative to the blind intestine may vary in different patients.

Most hard case For operating - when appendix is \u200b\u200blocated for the peritoneum. In addition, it can fire with the back abdominal wall.

All of these factors affect the degree of accuracy of the diagnosis and complexity of the operation, as well as the development of subsequent complications. 4 types of proceedings are isolated:

downward - down from the blind intestine;
lateral - to the side;
medial - along the medial intestinal wall;
up to the intestine.

Downward type - the most common, occurs in 50% of cases. The next prevalence is the lateral type (25%), the medial - 20%, ascending - 13%.

Appendix, despite small sizes, plays a very important role in the body, performing endocrine, lymphocytic, digestive and secretory functions.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe body includes the regulation of intestinal motorcycles and support in the norm of bacterial fauna.

Classification of appendicitis species and causes of its development

Appendicitis in children: ultrasound diagnostics

The disease can manifest itself in two forms - acute and chronic. The acute form is characterized in the rapid development of inflammation with the probability of a breakthrough of the wall of appendix and the propagation of purulent content inside the body.

Chronic form can develop after the occurrence of acute attack. Then she will be called recurrent.

Also chronic appendicitis May occur without manifestation in acute form. In this case, he will be primary-chronic. Acute appendicitis in children can manifest itself in several variations depending on the degree of severity:

The catarrhal stage lasts during the first 6 hours from the moment of symptoms. Stage is characterized by minor edema and increasing in the size of the appendix. Its hyperemia is possible - overflow blood vessels that permeate the organ. Single purulent foci may be observed.
Purulent (phlegmonous) Stage develops over the next 18 hours. The swelling of appendix reaches significant sizes. All its cavity is filled with purulent clusters, the inflammatory process covered all the tissues, and the surface of the process is covered with fibrin stains.
The gangrenous stage occurs over the next 48 hours. Inflammatory processes are developing in organs and tissues of the abdominal cavity. Surface fabrics of appendix are partially subjected to death (necrosis).
Perforated (sample) stage is characterized by damage to one or several appendix walls, through which purulent content is poured into the abdominal cavity. The threat of peritonitis is developing.

The older the patient, the higher the risk of developing severe forms of appendicitis.

Development purulent inflammation Appendix in children is due to a number of reasons:

improper nutrition (excess carbohydrates, lack of fiber, overeating);
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of various etiologies (dysbacteriosis and others);
infectious diseases;
genetic predisposition;
weather change during off-season.

The complexity of the diagnosis of appendicitis in patients younger age Increases due to the fact that the child often cannot say for sure that it hurts and describe the character of symptoms.

Symptoms of appendicitis in children

At appendicitis, specific syndromes appear

When appendicitis is developing in children, there are little signs of signs from sensations experienced by adult patients:

pain syndrome;
cough;
increasing body temperature;
tachycardia;
feeling dryness in the mouth;
nausea;
vomiting;
the tension and spasms of abdominal muscles.

One of characteristic signs Appendicitis in small patients is the so-called Sundekina-Blumberg syndrome.

It is manifested in a sharp increase in pain when fast asleep on the front abdominal wall. Moreover, in most cases, the presence of this syndrome indicates later stages of inflammation.

Pain syndrome is the main among all the symptoms of the inflammation of the appendix. Pain occurs unpredictable. First she has a good character, then acquires a sharper color. Localization of foci of pain has its statistics:

Epigastric triangle - in 40 patients out of 100.
The iliac area in the right side is 35.
Unclear localization - in 25.
Lonent and right side - in 5.

The character of pain may have different intensity. Most patients are permanent pain, some complain about the syndrome of the alignment intensity.

There are cases when a short-term and pronounced pain attacks occur against the background of permanent drains.

It should be understood that the intensity of pain does not indicate the degree of development of pathology. On the contrary, launched purulent processes may be accompanied by low-heated pain syndrome.

How to determine appendicitis yourself

Appendicitis is often manifested by common malaise

Doctors constantly say that in no case cannot be diagnosed and independently identified. In any case, if possible, it is necessary to seek qualified medical help.

If the child complains about discomfort in the abdomen or in the right side, not passing within a few hours - it is a reason to cause urgent medical care Or refer to the specialist.

Inflammation can flow without characteristic symptoms Or accompanied by weakly pronounced signs. Therefore, it is important to show attention at first suspicions of pathology.

If the possibility of attacking appendicitis is assumed, the child needs to be put. With thirst, vomiting or diarrhea, it is necessary to give a slightly warm boiled water in small doses.

If the doctor has diagnosed with appendicitis in acute form, the child needs hospitalization and surgery Upon removal of the inflamed transformation of the blind intestine. This procedure has been successfully implemented for a long time and, subject to sufficient skills, the surgeon is quite safe.

Similarity with other diseases

Appendicitis in children: operational treatment

Signs characteristic of the inflammation of appendix in the child may be similar to the symptoms of other diseases. The latter includes:

coprostaz;
pneumonia;
rubella;
measles;
otitis;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
scarlet fever;
ORVI;
diseases of the urogenital system.

These diseases, as well as appendicitis, are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, increasing body temperature.

But at the same time, most of the above diseases also have a number of other symptoms, the presence of which will help to establish an accurate diagnosis (for example, mucous discharge from the nose with an ARVI, wet wheels in bronchi and increasing shortness of breath at pneumonia).

The most common methods of diagnosing appendicitis in children are currently the traditional study of the anamnesis, palpation.

Increasingly, an ultrasound study is used in order to confirm the diagnosis. It is safer and cheap compared to x-ray research and computed tomography.

The formulation of an accurate diagnosis of small patients is complicated by the fact that they cannot say that they have hurts and how, especially if these are kids under the age of 2-3 years. In addition, young children have not yet fully formed all organs, including those in the abdominal cavity.

The doctor must have sufficient experience to link the symptoms seen in the image of the ultrasound picture and the presence of pathology into one.

Possible complications

Appendicitis

Appendicitis - dangerous disease. It may entail such severe consequences as:

Sepsis - blood infection hazardous to the body by bacterial organisms.
Peritonitis - general inflammation peritoneum.
Wound infections.
Abscess is the suppuration of the fabrics.
Sounds in the intestine - combining the lumen of the blind intestine and neighboring organs or their cavities.
Pilyflabite - acute form of inflammation golden Vienna With the formation of a purulent substance.
Appendicular infiltrate - spike of inflamed fabrics of appendix and surrounding organs.

The latter of the above pathologies is contraindicated to operation to remove appendix. It is carried out after the infiltrate is distributed independently or prescribed conservative therapy.

Appendicitis is a serious and dangerous disease, especially for younger patients. You need to carefully follow the child in order to identify the symptoms on time and determine the possible inflammation of the appendix.

More about appendicitis in children - in the video material: