The rule of grammatical form of the word exe task 6. Difficult cases of formation of forms of adjectives. Morphological norms of the names of numerals

A brief comment on the topic

This task tests the ability to evaluate speech in terms of compliance with the basic morphological norms of the Russian literary language. The most common mistakes in the formation of the form:

Comparative and superlative adjectives;

Collective numerals;

Full and fractional numerals;

Genitive case of numerals;

Noun and genitive plural nouns;

Indirect cases of personal pronouns of the 3rd person after the preposition

Forms of the imperative mood of some verbs, etc.

Exercises on the topic: "Morphological norms (the formation of forms of words)"

  1. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly.

LAGET on the floor
Their work
hot soups
SIXTH PUPILS
ENGINEERS

2. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly.

Half a books
experienced ENGINEERS
Three eighth
lESS CONVENIENT
THE HIGHEST

3. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly.

mORE
two hundred kilograms
went to his
hOT DESERT
a day name

4. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly.

cadet RUNNERS
several DRESSES
with eighty seventy
LAGET on the floor
unfair CALLS

5. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly.

hONEST
BOTH girlfriends
many CLAIMS
two THIRD glasses
with Fifty-two notebooks

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly.

a lot of people
SEMISOT of twenty
group ENGLISH
DIRECTORS OF PLANTS
talented songs

7. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly.

box MANDARIN
performed PROFESSOR
Their proposals
more beautiful
SPECIALTY PIE

8. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly.

WIDE Volga
lESS CONVENIENT
twenty two seamen
PUT ON PLATE
to BOTH neighbors

9. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly.

DOUBLE forty three
next to them
the cleverest
tea plantations
couple of socks

10. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly.

pair of SAPOG
Go faster
six gusar
few people
The best thing

Morphological norms are the rules for the formation of grammatical forms of words of different parts of speech.

Morphological norms of nouns

1. Unshakable nouns, which denotes inanimate objects, refers to the middle gender: coupe, potpourri, bikini.
2. Exceptions: hair curlers, riding breeches (pl.h.), blinds, kiwi, whiskey, brandy, coffee (m and sr.), mocha, penalty, euro (m).
3. The gender of nouns denoting persons is determined based on the gender to which they belong: beautiful madam, serious monsieur, sly frau  etc.
4. The genus of geographical names, the names of the press organs is determined by the generic word: Capri - the island (m.), Jungfrau - the mountain (f.), Monaco - the principality (cf.), Borjomi - the city (m.); The Times - Newspaper (f.).
5. Abbreviations are usually attributed to the genus to which the reference word belongs to them: NATO - Alliance (m.), CIS - Commonwealth (cf.); Moscow State University - University (m.).
6. Some masculine nouns in the nominative plural instead of the ending s  may have a shock ending -and I):
   • monosyllabic nouns: side - side, forest - forests, eyes - eyes, house - houses, eyes - eyes, eyelids - centuries, silk - silks, feed - feed, board - boards  etc.;
   • disyllabic nouns in which the singular number of the nominative emphasis on the first syllable: buffer - buffer, coast - coast, pearl - pearls  etc.
7. The gender of compound nouns is determined by the word, which expresses the broader meaning of the noun: butterfly admiral, pay phone, sofa bed. And if both concepts are equivalent, the genus is determined by the first word: chair bed, cafe-restaurant.

Morphological norms of adjectives

1. A simple and complex form of the comparative degree of an adjective cannot be combined into one construct:a better essay / this essay is better (not this essay is more better)
2. You cannot mix the simple and complex superlative form of an adjective:the wisest old man / wisest old man (not the wisest old man)

Morphological norms of pronouns

1. A mistake is the formation of a possessive pronountheirs  instead their: theira son.
2. After the prepositions of the personal pronouns he, she, they, in indirect cases, the letter appearsn: to him from her.

Morphological norms of the names of numerals

1. With the declension of composite ordinal numbers, their last part changes, which, with declination, receives forms that coincide with the form of full adjectives: first, first, first  etc. The rest of the composite ordinal noun remains unchanged for all types of declensions, and any changes to it are considered a morphological error: in two thousand and two.
2. Each part and each word of which constitutes a complex and complex cardinal number, declines separately: i saw twenty-four classmates.
3. Cases when it is correct to use collective numerals:
   • with male nouns: two brothers, three men, four guys.
   • with nouns children, people: two children, four people.
   • with nouns denoting young animals: three puppies, seven kids.
   • with nouns having the form only pl. including: five days.
   • with nouns denoting paired or compound objects: two points, two skis.
   • with pronouns: the two of us, five of them.
4. Numeral both  is used only with nouns w .:both girls, both books. With nouns m. and cf. R. used formboth: both brothers, both elephants.

Morphological norms of verbs

1. Have verbs to conquer, persuade, persuade, dissuade, find yourself, feel, eclipse, defy, vacuum  and some others there is no form of 1 person h
2. Formation of return forms:met, wanted, said hello  (after vowels are used)excuse me  (no return form).
3. The formation of imperative forms:go, wave, go, lay, buy, lie down.
4. Formation of past tense forms:gotten dry  (not got stronger, dried out, got wet).

Morphological norms of participles

1. Formations of participles: paddling  (not rinsing, waving, wanting);
2. Present participles are not formed from perfect verbs.

Morphological norms of adverts

1. Perfect-looking verbal adverbs are formed from the base of the infinitive with the suffix -at: spill - spill, save - save, thin out - thinThere are perfect verbs from which verbal adverbs can be formed with the suffix -and I  or - yours, yours: go in - go in, look - look, lean on - leaning.
2. An imperfect form of verbiage is formed from the base of the infinitive with suffixes. -and I: thinking - thinking, walking - walking, flying - flying.

Morphological norms of adverbs

1. Education adverbs: from there, rip, inward, I can hardly, divide in half.
2. Formation of a comparative degree of adverbs: bad - worse, beautiful - more beautiful, good - better, harder - harder.

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Presentation Description Preparing for the Unified State Exam Tasks 6. Slide morphological norms

Noun Numeral formation: Words for N - I: engineers, designers, officers, lecturers, trainers, accountants, instructors, editors, mechanics, drivers; vectors, winds, reprimands, jumpers, sweaters, contracts, ports, containers, players, policies, spotlights, warehouses; ages, choices, handwriting, creams, cakes. Words for A - I: director, doctor, inspector, professor, cook, caretaker, paramedic, tenor, coachman; districts, warrants, bills, boats, holidays, heaps, bells, bodies, domes, districts, passports, cellars, varieties, farms, poplars, stacks, stamps, anchors.

Noun The formation of the forms of the genitive case pl. numbers: Form on OB - EB: several kilograms (kilogram), grams (gram), hectares, carats, tomatoes, tomatoes, oranges, apricots, pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, lemons, tangerines, eggplants, golf, socks, shoulder straps, gym shoes (shoe), rails, nerves; many dresses, headwaters, roots, rags, lower reaches, apprentices, cereals, mouths. Form with zero ending: a pair of towels, stockings, trousers, shorts, boots, shoes, shoes, slippers, galoshes, boot covers, boots, felt boots, apples, melons, plums; detachment of soldiers, hussars, dragoons, grenadiers (grenadiers), cadets, ulans, partisans; one hundred amps, watts, volts; many towers, fables, saucers, splashes, cases, pasta, loops, nannies, cuffs, towels, earrings, gossip, apple trees; many thoughts, pancakes, seats, pickles, gorges, cookies, food, coasts, necklaces, dungeons.

Noun The use of various nouns: good shampoo, penalty, chimpanzee, cockatoo, wildebeest; terrible tsetse (fly), fresh ivasi (herring); old Tbilisi, Sukhumi, beautiful euro; wide Mississippi, Yangtze, Yellow River; new subway, mufflers, coats. The use of unknowing proper names: Nikita Struve publishing house, Dumas reading, Shevchenko's poetry.

Adjective 1. Blending simple and complex forms of comparative and superlative degrees: Inaccurate: later, above, below; less clearer, more terrible; the most beautiful (common language). That's right: later - later; higher lower; less clear, less scary; the most beautiful or beautiful. 2. Formation of a comparative degree: Erroneously: prettier, better, worse (wrong choice of inflection model, vernacular). That's right: more beautiful, better, worse.

Numeral Name Word change of numbers is traditionally difficult educational material. 1. Formation and change of the forms of composite numerals: in fifteen, two seventh, to three fifth, in two thousand and eleventh, eighty (eighty), eight hundred (eight hundred), five hundred, three thousand six hundred and fifty seven. 2. The declination of complex and compound numerals: two hundred rubles, five hundred rubles, four hundred rubles, about five hundred kilometers, three hundred pages, no six hundred rubles, about five hundred books.

Name number 3. Use of collective numbers: two brothers, three puppies, both brothers, both friends, two points, two sleds, two of us, three, six of them.

Numeral. Remember and correctly use collective numbers: 1. With n. denoting males: two brothers, three men, four guys. 2. With n children, people: three children, four people. 3. With n , denoting cubs of animals: three puppies, seven kids. 4. With n having the form only pl. hours: five days. 5. With n , denoting paired or composite items: two points, two skis. 6. From places with names: the two of us, five of them.

Numeral name 4. The use of numerals is both, both: The numeral is both used only with the n. g. R. : both girls, both sides, both books. With n mr. and cf. R. both forms are used: both brothers, both friends, both windows. Inaccurate: both trails, to both paths, both stars. That's right: both trails, to both paths, both stars.

Pronoun Formation of forms: Inaccurate: I was fascinated with her, with her; theirs; in the midst of him (her), among them; how many books, how many students. That's right: I was fascinated by her - T. p., From her - R. p.; their; in the midst of * him (her), among * them; how many books, how many students * Among, among - prepositions. If you say: from them, from them, say: among them. After the prepositions of the personal pronouns he, she, they, in indirect cases, the letter n appears.

Verb 1. Formation of personal forms: Erroneously: we try, ezdiem, laziyu, we burn, we burn, save, watch, rinse, wave, want (we used the wrong inflection model, common language). That's right: we try, we go, we climb, we burn, we bake, save, watch, rinse, wave, want.

Verb 2. Formation of return forms: Inaccurate: met, wanted, greeted, apologize (colloquially). That's right: they met, they wanted to, they said hello (after the vowels, not — and — s), excuse me (using the return form with this verb is a blunder).

Verb 3. Formation of the imperative form: Erroneously: go, drive, ride, ride, ride, ride, ride, wave, disperse, play, put, lie, run, climb, buy, lie (the wrong inflection model is used, colloquially). That's right: go (with a prefix), wave, disperse, put, buy, lie down. Lie down - (you) lay down, (you) lay down Go - (you) go, (you) go Go down - (you) go, (you) go Put - (you) put, (you) put Put - (you) put , (you) put Climb - (you) climb, (you) climb Run - (you) run, (you) run

Verb 4. Formation of past tense forms: Inaccurate: froze, got stronger, dried, dried out, got wet, got wet, and the like. That's right: froze, strong, dry, dry, wet, wet.

Participle Formation of participles: Inaccurate: rinsing, waving, wanting (using the wrong inflection model); who makes, writes, takes interest (present participles are not formed from perfect verbs). That's right: paddling, flapping, wanting; Do not try to form present participles from perfect verbs.

Adversion of adverbs: Formation of adderms: It is a mistake: looking in my direction, stacked, going around (incorrect use of models of shaping: verbal participles cannot be formed from verbs SV with the suffix -ja-). That's right: looking in my direction or looking in my direction, putting it in a pile (excl.: A steady combination of folded arms), having gone.

Adverb 1. Formation of adverbs: Erroneously: from there, open inwards, I can hardly, divide in half (common language). That's right: from there, rip inside, I can hardly, divide in half. 2. Formation of a comparative degree of adverbs: Erroneously: bad - better, beautiful - more beautiful and beautiful, good - best and good, hard - harder (common language). That's right: bad is worse, beautiful is more beautiful, good is better, harder is harder

Task formulation In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of a word form. Correct the error and write the word correctly. GET ON the table FIFTY order steam BOOK THE NEAREST STATION our ENGINEERS

1. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly. Favorite PROFESSOR MOST DECISIVELY entered in TWO-STEPS in THEIR territory COLDED apple 2. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly. several SCIENTISTS skillful CHARGES quickly WILL BE CREATED in half a watch FIVE young ladies

3. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly. several APPLES lie on the CABINET up to one thousand eight hundred and twelve years richest CHOICE five KOCHERYOG 4. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly. a pair of SHOES CLAIM text a few TOWELS old PROFESSOR new ELECTIONS

5. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly. MOKLA in the rain of indirect PADES IN A MIRACLE WONDERFUL way healthy DEZNY RIDING to the store 6. In one of the words highlighted below there was an error in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly. THEIR letters in BOTH hands up to THOUSAND NINE HUNDREDS of the FIFTH year respected DIRECTORS SINNED PEAR

7. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly. goods are CHEAPER about the AIRPORT by the instructions of THE UNIT quickly respected DIRECTORS 8. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the error and write the word correctly. Sixteen textbooks FORCE FORWARD Ripe APRICOTS HARD TREE OF NEW TOWELS

9. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the form of a word. Correct the error and write the word correctly. A lot of CLOUDS A pair of BOOTs well PRE-CONDUCT A TRIP to the grandmother with TWO PARTIES 10. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the error and write the word correctly. RIDE over to MOM over FOUR THOUSAND meters several APPLES BREAKED BREAD of new JEANS

Answers: 1. SHIPPED. 2. WILL CREATE 3. THE CABINET 4. THE SHOE 5. THE PADES 6. THEIR 7. ROUND 8. THE DRIVE 9. PRESENT 10. THE GRINDED