Mastopathy forecast. Cystic mastopathy

Mastopathy - Symptoms and Treatment

What is mastopathy? The causes of the occurrence, diagnosis and treatment methods will analyze in the article of Dr. Provotors M. E., Mammologist with experience in 10 years.

Definition of the disease. Causes of the disease

In the structure of diseases of the breast, the proportion has such pathology as fibrozno-cystic mastopathy(hereinafter FKM or just mastopathy). With a given disease, there is a violation of the ratio of epithelial and connective tissue components of the tissue in the structure of the breast, as well as a wide range of proliferative (associated with the accelerated formation of new cells leading to the growth of tissue) and regressive changes. As practice shows, this disease is quite common among fertile (fertile) half of the female population. According to various authors, up to 70% of women may have pathology FQM.

Mastopathy is a consequence of hormonal imbalance: hormones of estrogen, its metabolites, and progesterone play the main role in the development of this disease. Changes in the level of thyrotropic hormone, thyroid hormones, prolactin levels and many other reasons may also contribute to the development of the disease.

The main factors leading to the imbalance of hormones:

• early menarche (early start of the menstrual cycle) - due to the update of the hormonal background, the body is difficult to quickly adapt to changes; This, in turn, affects the tissue structure of dairy glasses;
• later, the onset of menopause - the main role is played by the long-term impact of hormones (especially estrogen) on the gland fabric;
• lack of pregnancy in history;
• abortion provoking sharp drops of hormonal background;
• lack of lactation or an extremely short breastfeeding period;
• stress;
• disorders associated with metabolic processes -, diabetes, disorders of the liver;
• endocrine system disorders - hypo- or hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis;
• diseases of the genitourinary system, impaired reproductive function (female and);
• uncontrolled application of hormonal drugs, including contraceptives.

When you find similar symptoms, consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate - it is dangerous for your health!

Symptoms of mastopathy

The main symptoms of mastopathy are:

• pain;
• sealing structure of the breast;
• selection of nipples (may be transparent or reminding whether a liquid that stands out before childbirth and immediately after them).

When palpation, large and small formations with a grainy surface can be detected. Pains may be of different character and intensity. In addition to the painfulness of dairy glasses, heat is felt, efficient and increasing breast volume. Pains can be irradiating and spread to the area of \u200b\u200barmpits, shoulder and blades, as well as disappear in the first days of menstruation. However, some women, the diseases of dairy glasses are constantly constantly, regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle.

The pain syndrome may occur both in response to the touch of iron and in the form of constant discomfort, increasing during menstruation. With the progression of the disease, symptoms becomes brighter, soreness is more tangible, and tissue seals can be determined already regardless of the cycle periodicity.

Pathogenesis of mastopathy

In the development of mastopathy, discharmal disorders play an important role. Of particular importance are:

• relative or absolute hyperaliation (excess estrogen);
• progesterone deficient state (progesterone lack).

Relative hyperastroy accompanied by a change in the estrogen level relative to progesterone, but, in turn, the data of the hormones are still within the normal range. Absolute hyper estroy It is characterized by an increase in the target level of estrogen.

Thus, with an increase in estrogen, proliferation takes place - the growth of the protocate alveolar epithelium, while progesterone tries to prevent this process due to its abilities: it reduces the expression of estrogen receptors and reduces the local level of active estrogen. These properties of progesterone limit the stimulation of the growth of breast tissues.

In the hormonal imbalance (excess of estrogen and deficiency of progesterone) in the tissues of the breast, there is an edema and hypertrophy of intradolk connective tissue, and the proliferation of the transduce epithelium leads to the formation of a cyst. With emerging progesterone deficit states The excess concentration of estrogen leads to the growth of breast tissues and disruption of the receptor machine.

It is worth noting that the results of studies of the content of data of hormones in the blood plasma can not always confirm this pathogenetic process. Most scientists managed to detect the lack of progesterone during mastopathy, but during other studies its level was within the normal range.

In the development of FKM, no less important role is played increased prolactin levels In the blood, which is accompanied by burning, soreness of dairy glazes and an edema. These symptoms are more manifested in the second phase of the menstrual cycle.

Medical research has proven communication between diseases of the mammary glands and genitals. It was revealed that with and inflammatory diseases of genitalia in 90% of cases, pathological changes in the mammary glands occur. And under the condition that the uterus mioma is combined with, increases the risk of nodal forms of mastopathy.

It should be noted that inflammatory diseases of the genitals do not act as a direct cause of the development of FQM. However, they can have a direct impact on its development through hormonal disorders.

In women suffering from adenomyosis and endometrial hyperplasia, the risk of breast diseases is especially large.

Classification and stages of mastopathy development

In modern medicine, there are several classifications of FQM.

Currently, the most common one is the classification of Rozhkova N.I. It is distinguished by those forms of mastopathy, which can be revealed on radiographs and with a morphological study. These include:

• diffuse mastopathy with the predominance of the fibrous component (characterized by an ethnic, increasing interdollastic connecting partitions, their pressure on the surrounding tissue, a narrowing or full oversight of the lumen of the ducts);
• diffuse mastopathy with the predominance of the cystic component (one or more elastic cavities arise with liquid content, which are clearly excluded from the surrounding tissues of the gland);
• diffuse mastopathy with the predominance of the ferrous component (characterized by an edema and the growth of iron tissue);
• mixed mastopathy (with this form, the number of glands of glands increases and the connective tissue interdole partitions grow);
• sclerosing adenosis (frequent pulling pain occur, dense tumor is formed);
• nodular mastopathy (characterized by the formation of clearly pronounced nodes).

There is a classification of mastopathy, which is based on the degree of proliferation. The I degree belongs to FQM without proliferation, to the II degree - mastopathy with the proliferation of epithelium without atypics, to the III degree - mastopathy with the atypical proliferation of the epithelium. I and II degrees are prepressive states.

Complications of mastopathy

It is important to remember the recurrence of pathology, which is possible after conservative therapy or in the presence of unnecessary hormonal failures, suppuration of cysts and, as a result, mastitis that does not allow operation with aesthetic approach. At the same time, coarse postoperative scars can also contribute to discomfort in the breast.

Also to complications of mastopathy can be attributed, but it occurs quite rarely.

Diagnosis of mastopathy

When contacting a doctor's doctor, the patient is most often complaining about pain in the chest and the heat of one or both milk gloys, which is enhanced in a few days before the start of menstruation. Almost all women have blurred pains before the start of menstruation. However, if the soreness of the breast is a consequence of the pathological state of dairy glasses, then pain become more pronounced and asymmetric. However, 15% of patients do not arise pain in the chest, and the reason for their appeal to the doctor is the sealing in the glands.

The diagnosis of FKM is carried out in stages:

• puncture of nodal formations and morphological examination of punctures and discharge from nipples (cytological examination);

• study of the hormonal background;
• gynecological examination.

With a palpation of dairy glasses, it is important to draw attention to the consistency, the presence or absence of heavy, seals, volume formations, evaluate the density of heavy, their spares with the skin, etc. It is necessary to determine the palpation of axillary, subclavian and pressed lymph nodes.

Treatment of mastopathy

First of all, treatment is to find and eliminate the causes of mastopathy: nerve disorders, ovarian dysfunction, gynecological diseases, liver diseases, etc.

The main tasks of the treatment of mastopathy: to reduce pain syndrome, reduce cysts and fibrous fabrics in the breast, to prevent the recurrences of tumors and oncopathology, as well as adjust the hormonal status (after the detection of hormonal disorders and consultation of the gynecologist endocrinologist).

If the patient's body occur in the patient's concomitant inflammatory diseases of the female sexual sphere, endocrine diseases (hypothyroidism, nodal goiter, diabetes mellitus, etc.), the treatment is required in conjunction with a gynecologist, an endocrineologist and therapist.

Treatment of mastopathy can be divided into two main species - conservative (drug) and operational (surgical) treatment. Most often conservative treatment of IFC. In the event that there are large cysts of large sizes and significant seals that are not amenable to conservative treatment or when therapy is unsuccessful, surgical treatment is carried out.

Conservative treatment

The usual tactics of waging women suffering from mastopathy was developed in the 60-70s, so at the moment it is not effective enough. Refined new drugs increased the effectiveness of treatment at the initial stage. However, these drugs were ineffective for women with fibrocompose mastopathy, in the history of which were close relatives (mom, grandmother, sister, aunt), suffering from breast cancer.

With drug treatment, the following drugs are treated:

Hormonotherapy

This treatment method is appointed in complex cases of FQM. Normalization of hormonal balance directed, first of all, to eliminate pain. Stabilization of the state of endocrine glasses, the gastrointestinal tract helps prevent the emergence of new formations, reduce the size of existing, reduce or eliminate pain. However, the proliferative forms of fiberadenomatase and fibrous-cystic or fibromatous mastopathy are poorly amenable to this method of treatment.

The use of hormonal drugs is appointed individually and is carried out under the control of the attending physician. Drugs are used in the form of tablets, injections or gels that are applied to the milk gland. Reproductive age patients can be appointed reception of hormonal contraceptives. Systemic hormone therapy should be conducted by a highly qualified specialist who can control the hormonal status.

Hormone therapy implies the use of anti-estrogen, oral contraceptives, gestagens, androgens, prolactin secretion inhibitors, analogues of the release hormone gonadotropin (LHRH). Analogue treatment

LHRH applies to women with mastetinia (pain in the mammary gland) in the absence of effective treatment with other hormones. The effect of Gestagennes is based on anti-estrogenic affect at the level of breast tissue and braking of the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland. Their use in comprehensive mastopathy therapy increased the therapeutic effect of up to 80%.

For the treatment of mastopathy in women under 35 years old, oral monophazic combined estrogen-gestagne contraceptives are applicable. Their contraceptive reliability is almost close to 100%. In most women, against the background of the use of these drugs, there is a significant reduction in painful sensations and loading of dairy glasses, as well as the restoration of the menstrual cycle.

Currently, in the treatment of mastopathy, a fairly effective drug of outdoor use is applied. It includes micronized progesterone of plant origin, identical to endogenous. The drug is produced in the form of a gel. Its advantage is precisely in external use - so the main mass of progesterone remains in the tissues of the breast, and no more than 10% of the hormone arrives in the blood flow. Thanks to this effect, the side effects that occurred at the reception of progesterone inside are missing. In most cases, a continuous application of the drug was recommended for 2.5 g per dairy gland or its application in the second phase of the menstrual cycle passes 3-4 months.

Non-immune therapy

The methods of non-coronal therapy are: diet correction, the correct selection of the bra, the use of vitamins, diuretic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory funds that improve blood circulation. Recent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been used for a long time in the treatment of diffuse mastopathy.

Indomethacin and Bruphen used in the second phase of the menstrual cycle in the form of tablets or candles reduce pain, reduce the edema, contribute to the resorption of seals, improve the results of ultrasound and x-ray research. Particularly shown the use of these drugs in the iron-shaped form of mastopathy. However, for most women can be enough homeopathy or phytotherapy.

Conservative treatment of mastopathy should be concluded not only in the long-term admission of sedatives, but also vitamins A, B, C, E, RR, P, as they have a positive effect on the breast fabric:

• vitamin A reduces cell proliferation;
• vitamin E enhances the effect of progesterone;
• vitamin B reduces the level of prolactin;
• vitamins P and C improve microcirculation and reduce the local edema of the breast.

Since mastopathy is considered as a precancerous disease, a long use of natural antioxidants is required: vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, phospholipids, selenium, zinc.

In addition to vitamins and sedatives, patients are shown by adaptogens, the duration of four months and more. After a four-month course, the use of the drug is terminated for a period of two months, and then the treatment cycle is also renewed for four months. There should be at least four cycles. Thus, a full course of treatment can take about two years.

Diet nutrition

In the treatment of mastopathy, it is necessary to establish the work of the digestive system. Therefore, recovery can be accelerated by adequate a special diet. To do this, it is necessary to reduce calorie content by refusal from carbohydrates. First of all, it is important to fully get rid of the use of easily durable carbohydrates (sugar, honey, jam and flour products) and increase the share of vegetables consumed, unsweetened berries and fruits.

When mastopathy, developed as a result of problems with the thyroid gland, it is necessary to limit the use of meat dishes, since the protein stimulates the release of thyroid hormones, on which the level of female sex hormone is detected - estrogen.

If mastopathy appeared against the background of hypertension, then it is necessary to limit the use of fats, especially butter and a sludge to reduce hormonal breast stimulation.

To ensure the body with the necessary amount of calcium, which regulates the functions of hormonal glands and has an anti-inflammatory and anti-voice action, kefir, yogurt and cottage cheese should be used. Among other things, it is desirable to include seafood in the diet, which contain iodine - fish, squid, shrimp and sea cabbage. This trace element in large quantities is also present in walnuts and mushrooms.

In addition to the overall treatment course, it is also possible to take herbal chasters that contribute to improved sleep and anesthesia with a diuretic effect containing iodine and other useful elements.

Surgery

If conservative treatment of mastopathy has not brought results, the pathology must be eliminated by the operational way. Surgical removal of affected fabrics is appointed in the following cases:

• rapid growth of neoplasms;
• the impossibility of drug treatment due to diabetes;
• malignant rebirth of mastopathy, detected by biopsy;
• genetic predisposition to.

During the operation, the separate sector of the breast is removed, in which cysts and seals (sectoral resection) are detected. The operation lasts 40 minutes under general anesthesia.

After surgery, the reception of antibiotics and vitamins is prescribed. If necessary, anesthesia is carried out, the reception of sedatives. Hormone therapy can be applied to prevent recurrence. At the same time, patients need to be treated with the underlying disease that caused hormone imbalances.

With large cysts, it is possible to conduct laser coagulation These formations. This technique is pretty young and low-procrane due to expensive equipment. For this procedure, a modern Biolitec laser apparatus is used, which allows the coagulation of cystic education without cuts and anesthesia. Also, under this procedure, there is no risk of infection, finding in the conditions of the stationary office is not required.

Thermal procedures, including physiotherapy, are not recommended for the treatment of FQM, as they can enhance inflammatory processes.

Forecast. Prevention

A favorable forecast comes down to a timely handling of a mammologist, periodically carrying out the ultrasound of the mammary glands. All this will help protect yourself from the unpleasant consequences of the pathology of the mammary glands. No need to be afraid of symptoms of the disease and its treatment, it is worth fear of consequences. Mastopathy can pass without a trace, this requires only attention to their own health.

It is worth remembering that overweight is a harbinger of many hormonal disorders. If, after 50 years, the woman has changed the size of the clothing from the 50th on the 56th, then this should be regarded as a danger warning emanating from the human hormonal system. This, in turn, speaks of the need for examination.

The functionality of the mammary glands directly depends on the flow of hormonal processes in the body. With radical changes - late first pregnancy after 30 years, abortion, rejection of natural feeding, the formation of an unstable hormonal background. This is also reflected in the chest, in this case in the form of mastopathy. Mastopathy is the growth of a pathological breast tissue, with the presence of pain, and in some cases with secretion.

For the disease, the growth of the iron fabric of the breast is characterized with the formation of a cyst of a benign character. With such manifestations, every woman may face. In itself, the disease is not dangerous to health, but in the absence of timely treatment, some forms can be transformed into malignant education. At the same time, mastopathy is not referred to precancerous states.

Causes of mastopathy

Women are faced with mastopathy with a diagnosis of infertility, then its appearance contributes:

• violation of reproductive function;
• abortion at an early age;
• hormonal imbalance;
• thyroid dysfunction;
• chronic gynecological diseases.

The provoking factors also include:

• irregular sex life;
• rejection of breastfeeding;
• later the onset of Klimaks;
• diabetes;
• obesity;
• other diseases (cholecystitis, hepatitis, arterial hypertension);
• psycho-emotional stress, stress, depression.

The risk of mastopathy development increases in chronic lack of sleep, improperly unbalanced nutrition.

Symptoms of mastopathy

Often the clinical symptoms of the disease appear before the start of menstrual bleeding, disappearing immediately after its completion.

Depending on the form of mastopathy, signs and symptoms may differ slightly:

1. Diffuse type (nodules, seals in the tissues of the breast) is accompanied by pain, breast loading.
2. The nodal neoplasms during palpation resemble a tumor, the size of which ranges from 1-2 mm to several centimeters. At the same time, the breast increases significantly in the amount, which is also characteristic of the axillary lymph nodes.
3. Fibrozno-cystic mastopathy is represented by a mixed type of small seals, which together form a kind of cavity filled with liquid. Patients feel acute pain in the chest, when driving with hand, in the field of blades, a watery milk-like secret is distinguished from the nipple, sometimes with pus impurities.

The detection of single (multiple) neoplasms in the chest, pain character, discharge from the nipple indicates an immediate appeal to the gynecologist or a mammologist. Any seals require professional surveys.

Diagnosis of mastopathy

Planned inspections play a special role, on which you can identify asymptomatic leakage of mastopathy and start treatment in time. Such warning measures will help to avoid the operation, because even a benign tumor sometimes requires removal.

The mammologist is diagnosed:

• inspection by palpation;
• mammographic study;
• radiography.

With a positive result of the study of the mammologist of the mammologist, appoints:

• lane formation;
• cytological examination of the material taken.

For accurate diagnosis, additional consultation of the endocrinologist and oncologist will be required.

To prevent formations in the chest, a woman should carry out self-diagnosis of approximately 1 time in 3-4 months. In different periods of the menstrual cycle, the condition of the mammary glands is significantly different. That is why self-diagnosis is better to spend on 7-9 days of the cycle, in this period hormonal activity decreases, the swelling and chest voltage decreases.

Methods of treating mastopathy

Before starting treatment, the form of manifestation of mastopathy should be established, because further actions of the doctor depends on this. Sometimes the elimination of the root cause of the disease entails full recovery. There is no single generally accepted method of treating mastopathy. It is individual, taking into account the age of the patient, the peculiarities of the leakage of the menstrual cycle, concomitant diseases of the sexual sphere, psycho-emotional status.

For treatment, you can begin after consulting an oncologist to eliminate the methods of surgical intervention. As common methods of treating mastopathy:

1. Hormonotherapy

With it, cyclic changes of the hormonal background of a woman are regulated. After the preliminary diagnosis of hormonal status, the doctor embarks the choice of drugs - gestagens, prolactin secretion inhibitors, oral contraceptives.

The use of hormone therapy after 40 years requires caution, because often the number of contraindications in this age increases.

1. Non-unhealthy treatment

He is prescribed, both with hormone therapy and separately. It:

• homeopathic preparations for reducing prolactin in the blood (mastodinone, remand);
• means with a pronounced anti-ethnic effect;
• iodine-containing drugs for the regulation of the work of the thyroid gland (necessarily after consulting an endocrinologist);
• vitamin complexes;
• anesthetics;
• sedable preparations in psycho-emotional disorders.

1. Surgical intervention

The operation is shown in the identification of nodal mastopathy, in particular, when fibroenomes, when there is a risk of transformation of benign education into malignant. The diffuse form does not require removal.

Operational intervention requires strict testimony - biopsy data, rapid growth of fibroadenomes. As surgical methods use:

• puncture (puncture of education);
• sectoral resection (tumor removal in conjunction with the breast sector);
• enUklation (removal only cysts).

For quick recovery after the treatment of mastopathy, a woman must adhere to the recommendations of the doctor - to limit the consumption of caffeine, abandon the bad habits, to pay attention to balanced nutrition, increase physical activity, avoid stress, do not attend the sauna, solarium. An important value is the choice of a proper form and size bra.

A woman should visit mammologists every six months, make a preventive ultrasound.

Forecast

Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment of mastopathy has a favorable forecast.

Mastopathy is a concept that combines a certain amount of certain diseases of the mammary glands for which the development of changes in a pathological nature in the tissue of the gland is characteristic. At the same time, the ratio of the components of the connecting and epithelial tissues is disturbed. Nonological classification of the World Health Organization characterizes mastopathy as fibrous-cystic diseases of the mammary glands.

The chance of defeat by various mastopathies of any etiology in the female in young age hesides somewhere within forty percent, but significantly increases after forty years.

Mastopathy in itself is a change in the tissue of a benign champion tissue, which has a dependence on the nervous and humoral regulation. It can be argued that the main factors for the development of mastopathy are pathological processes that are closely associated with impaired nervous regulation (neurosis, stress, depression) and violations of the hormone balance (including internal homeostasis).

Classification of mastopathy

The most common in clinical practice is such a classification of mastopathies, where there are 3 forms: Mastalgia (Mastopia, Mastodynia), as well as diffuse and localized fibroidomatosis.

For Mastalgia, the predominance of pronounced pain syndrome is characterized, which is the main indication for the patient's appointment of special analgesic drugs.

Diffuse adenomatosis is a process of development in ferrous tissues of cyst and diffuse seals. There are two types: it is fibrous mastopathy (in this case, in the tissues of the breast, it is predominantly sealing of connective tissue) and fibrous-cystic mastopathy. In the event of the latter, in the breast, in addition to fibrosis focus, cysts also appear (cavities that are filled with liquid).

In the case of localized fibrotomatosis, the changes in pathological nature are manifested only in a very limited area of \u200b\u200bthe breast (quadrant or segment) and do not apply throughout the parenchyma gland.

When the localized laborement is found in the mammary tissues, a biopsy should be carried out to eliminate the presence of a tumor of a malignant character.

Causes of mastopathy development

Unfortunately, the full and detailed idea of \u200b\u200bthe causes of the occurrence and mechanisms of development of mastopathies does not exist, but there is every reason to approve the fact that hormonal status is occupied by a key role in the development of this pathology.

There is a suggestion that the most significant pathogenetic cause of mastopathy is - progesterone hormone deficiency in the excess of the estrogen hormone. In this case, there is a phenomenon as the reinforced proliferation (reproduction) of cell elements of the connective tissue, as well as epithelial cells. In addition, the expansion of prolactin organism is essential in the pathogenesis of mastopathies. Prolctinemia affects the increase in the sensitivity of the breast tissues in relation to the hormone estrogen.

Symptoms of mastopathy

The most characteristic symptom of mastopathy is the detection of a compacted area in the tissues of the breast when palpation. Most often this seal is slightly painful. The pain has a property intensifying in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, as well as immediately in front of the menstruation itself. These seals are both single and multiple. All mammary glands can be detected as several nodules and compacted. For mastopathies, the disease is also typical of the disease at once both glands, most often their upper departments.

The excessive presence of the fibrous component manifests itself to the touch as a certain seal, and changes in a cystic nature in the tissues in the first phases of the disease may not be felt at all during the palpation of the gland (microker ducts).

The pain in the milk glands most often has a new, stupid or even pulling. The occurrence of pain is associated with squeezing the nerve endings with fibrous growths in the parenchyma of the breast or even partial sclerosis. The degree of intensity of pain syndrome strongly depends on the severity of the pathology itself. Most often, the manifestation and enhancement of pain is directly related to the menstruation cycle (in front of the menstruation itself, the pain increases at the peak of producing hormone estrogen). Sometimes there is a phenomenon of irradiation of pain in the blade or hand area.

In some examined women, the seal pain is not observed, although there is a pathological change in various degrees of severity when examining a doctor. This phenomenon is associated with a distinctive threshold of pain sensitivity, as well as with an individual feature of the branching of the nervous system in the tissues of the mammary glands.

About 10% of mastopathy leaks with an increase in lymph nodes in the axillary depressures. Palpation of lymph nodes is usually moderately painful.

An increase in the size of the mammary glands, the periodic flaws (usually in the second period of the cycle of menstruation) is a consequence of the presence of venous stagnation in the vessels of the mammary glands, including edema of the connective tissue. In this case, the dairy glands may increase in the amount of more than 15%. It is characteristic of a sense of discomfort and even pain in palpation (increasing the sensitivity of the entire breast). The combination of all these signs and will be premenstrued syndrome.

Sometimes it can be selected from nipples. They are of different character, etiology and any degree of abundance. They can appear as when exposed to the nipple itself, and can be quite pronounced. According to its consistency, the selection, as a rule, whitish or completely transparent, but in some cases they can acquire a blood, brown or greenish color. The greatest danger is the discharge of a bloody color, for the reason that they can be the main sign of the development of malignant processes in the dairy glands. The appearance of absolutely any discharge from the nipples, of any nature is an important reason for the appeal to a mammologist.

Also extremely carefully refer to the detection of one or more nodes. Palpation of a dense, limited in size, nodal education, can become both a sign of localized nodal mastopathy, and may be cancer. If suspicious nodes are found in the mammary tissues, their biopsy is always carried out, in order to eliminate malignant tumors.

Diagnosis of mastopathy

The main, most significant and main way of timely detection of neoplasms and pathologies in lactic glands is the method of self-examination (in other words - independent check (palpation) of the mammary glands).

To detect formations, as well as determining their size, shape, quantity; To find diffuse pathological changes in the parenchymal tissues of the breast, instrumental diagnostic methods use.

Biocontrasmamography is a study of the mammary glands using X-ray. Mammography is best carried out during the first phase of the menstruation cycle. Snapshots of each breast made in frontal and lateral projection. This survey is one of the most specific and informative.

In addition to this method, the ultrasound of the mammary glands is currently used. Fibro-cystic pathologies of the tissues of the mammary glands affect the echogenicity of their structures. For this reason, the change may be detected in time and are highly studied, due to this technique.

MRI of the breast determines the zones of lowering and increasing the temperature of the breast tissue.

The method of diaphanoscopy is to enlighten the chest using a bright light source. When using this method, the neoplasm in the thicker of the gland will look like a darker color stain.

Using the method of dotography, the system of Milky Ducts of the gland is being studied. At the same time, contrast is introduced into the dairy gland through the nipple, after which radiography is made. You can see the Milky Duchk System. Zones in which the contrast substance is not expressed enough, may be signs of formations and various pathologies.

Pneumocystography is performed under the control of ultrasound. With this method in the cavity of cystic education with the help of the needle, air is pumping. This allows you to quickly recharge the walls and well explore them in order to detect the trim neoplasms.

When the nodal education is founded, the breast biopsy is carried out. In this method, using a thin needle punctuation, a sample of gland fabric is extracted for histological examination.

In determining the etiological factors of development of mastopathy, methods of studying the hormonal status of the body are actively used.

Colposcopy methods and cytological studies of the vaginal epithelium cells make it possible to make an objective conclusion about the total and general hormonal background, since the shape, size and structure of the vaginal cells are directly dependent on the influence of sex hormones. At the same time, the method is also directly determined by the number of such hormones in the blood as: estrogen and progesterone, luteinizing, follicularity of hormones, adrenal hormones, as well as thyroid hormones and thyrotropic hormone.

Sometimes a study is carried out for the presence of autoantibodes to the cells of the thyroid gland. This is necessary to identify such pathology as an autoimmune thyroiditis.

To find out the general hormonal state of the patient's body, comprehensive studies of the organs of the endocrine system are carried out to identify their possible pathologies. These include: ultrasound of the thyroid gland, liver, adrenal glands; CT pituitary gland, radiography of the Turkish saddle.

To eliminate immune and exchange pathologies, a biochemical blood test is carried out and an immunogram is made.

Treatment of mastopathy

In mastopathy therapy, one of the most important roles plays the correction of the balance of hormones in the body. When choosing ways of treatment, it is necessary to consult such specialists as a gynecologist and an endocrinologist. Doctors joint efforts conduct a thorough analysis of the state of the endocrine system, as necessary, prescribe drugs that correspond to the identified pathologies of organs and systems.

With a pronounced form of estrogen, as well as with strong pain, drugs can be assigned (for example, tamoxifen, fartaineron), which reduce the effect of these hormones on the milk gland.

To normalize the menstruation cycle, oral contraceptives are used, which are selected depending on the hormonal status of the patient.

For the treatment of disorders of the thyroid gland functions, preparations are used that regulate the production of thyreogormon.

Vitamin complexes improve liver operation, and also normalize metabolic processes in the body.

In addition to other methods, homeopathic agents and drugs of the hormone of progesterone local action are used. They act directly on the breast fabric, which helps to reduce the proliferation of epithelial cells and connective tissue, removing the swelling.

Patients who suffer from mastopathy need to significantly limit the use of drinks and drugs containing caffeine, as well as abandon smoking. It is recommended to enrich the diet with vegetables, fruits and products that contain a large amount of fiber and vitamins.

If there is a suspicion of the formation of a malignant nature, the node is removed surgically. In other cases, treatment is limited to conservative methods.

Prevention of mastopathy

A large number of factors that contribute to the development of mastopathies complicates the development of a sequential and uniform prophylaxis scheme.

Nevertheless, it is easy to single out the most significant factors affecting the prevention of mastopathy: stressful situations (during stressing, as prevention, it is recommended that the use of soothing therapeutic drugs of biological origin is the root of valerian, mother-in-law), a positive way of thinking, a psychologically comfortable environment.

Balanced, non-calorie, proper nutrition (but without hobbies with a variety of aluminum and low-quality weight loss techniques), as well as prevention of obesity and excess weight, maintain the inner homeostasis of the body and the proper operation of the regulatory neurohumoral system.

One of the main components of the diet that adversely affects the hormonal background of patients is caffeine. Women must be limited, and better to exclude food containing caffeine, from their diet, and should not be abused by strong coffee or on an empty stomach.

Women who use oral contraceptives should be abandoned smoking. Including useful will limit the use of alcoholic beverages.

A very significant factor, to preserve the health of the patient, is a regular high-quality sex life and in general any long physical activity of the body.

Forecast for mastopathy

Most often cases of mastopathy do not bear complications and malignancy. The forecast of the disease is positive, but only with competent management of the hormonal state. However, hormonal failures should be feared, which can provoke relapses.

What is dangerous mastopathy, if it is not treated, women are interested in those who have encountered this diagnosis. Mastopathy is a benign formation in the breast, which can cause various complications in the absence of competent therapy.

Causes and symptoms

For mastopathy, it is characterized by the pathological growth of the connective and iron tissue in the chest, the formation of a cyst, cavities in them, seals, nodules.

It is distinguished by diffuse and forms of the disease, the first refers, which is the most common.

The main reason for the appearance of mastopathy is a violation of a normal hormonal balance in the body. Factors that are able to provoke the development of the disease:

• diseases of the small pelvis;
• infections;
• sexually transmitted diseases;
• abortions;
• late childbirth;
• rejection of breastfeeding;
• milk glasses.

It is impossible to call the exact reasons that caused mastopathy. The diagnosis should be done by the doctor, to which it is necessary to appeal, without postponing, when the first signs of the disease appears.

The following symptoms may indicate the development of fibrous-cystic mastopathy of the mammary glands in a woman:

• the appearance of chest pain - before menstruation, during her or after;
• pain syndrome during breast palpation;
• milk glands;
• seals that are detected during persuading;
• selection.

Than dangerous mastopathy if not treated

What will happen if not to treat mastopathy, what are the consequences and forecast for the patient? Mastopathy is a benign tumor. At the initial stages, it is well amenable to medication treatment. However, the lack of competent therapy significantly increases the risk of transition of the neoplasm in a malignant form.

So dangerous mastopathy or not and why does this disease lead to? Appeal to the mammologist When the first signs of pathology appears, it will allow to stop the progression of mastopathy, eliminate the symptoms, improve well-being.

Thus, ignoring the diagnosis of mastopathy leads to a significant increase in the risk of the appearance of breast cancer. You can avoid this, at a timely visiting doctors and passing the examination of the mammary glands.

What does the tumor affect?

The view that mastopathy affects only the dairy glands is erroneous.

The presence of pathological foci has a negative impact on the whole organism and causes certain symptoms:

• On the nervous system: headaches arise, constant fatigue, reduced mood.
• On the digestive tract: nausea, stomach problems are possible.
• On the endocrine system: problems with the work of the thyroid gland are likely.
• On the reproductive organs: manifests a disorder of the menstrual cycle, a decrease in the libido, the appearance of pain in the ovaries.

What to do?

- The only correct way to solve the problem. It is recommended to turn to the doctor as early as possible if there is a suspicion of the development of the disease.

At the initial stages, drug treatment is appointed, which includes the necessary drugs, as well as vitamins. The patient is given recommendations regarding the diet, the selection of the right linen.

With launched mastopathy forms, it is possible to assign operational intervention.

On video about the danger of mastopathy

Prevention measures

It is much easier to prevent the disease than to deal with her treatment. This rule is relevant for mastopathy.

Prevention measures include regular mammary surveys. For women over the age of 35, it is necessary to pass mammography once every 2 years, after 50 years - it must be done annually.

• regular self-examination of the mammary glands;
• balanced nutrition and rejection of harmful products;
• healthy lifestyle;
• physical activity;
• compliance with the regime of labor and recreation;
• right bra size.

What is dangerous mastopathy, if not treated? The refusal of therapy leads to the possibility of developing oncology. The risk is quite high and is about 60%. Only timely appeal to the doctor, treatment and adherence to the recommendations of the doctor will allow you to get rid of the disease and return to healthy and full-fledged life.

If the balance is violated, the deformation of the tissues and their excessive growth leads to the formation of seals and cyst. Consider the causes and signs of fibrous-cystic mastopathy.

Hormonal changes - the main cause of fibrous mastopathy

Fibrozno-cystic mastopathy is a disease resulting from a hormonal imbalance. As a rule, women occur from 30 to 50 years.

For this problem there are a number of factors:

1. genetic predisposition. This disease can be transmitted at the hereditary level, so those women, in whose family there were such problems, it is necessary to constantly check
2. incorrect meals, due to which intracellular metabolism is broken and postponed in blood vessels
3. no sex. With sexual contact, the hormonal background changes and favorably affects women's health. With its absence, violations may occur in hormones, which is why various diseases arise, one of which is fibrous-cystic mastopathy
4. disruption of the central nervous system. Constant stress, neurosis, insomnia, experiences, long-term depression negatively affect health, and cause many pathologies
5. violation of metabolism in all its manifestations. Diabetes, overweight can be causes for which hormonal background is disturbed and diseases begin to develop
6. chronic diseases of the sexual system -, erosion, endometritis
7. imbalance reproductive function, that is, any deviations that affect the possibility of conception
8. disruption of menstrual cycles
9. several abortions, especially at a young age (up to 25 years)
10. wrong lifestyle - defective sleep, excessive constant fatigue, insufficient nutrients entering the body

Each woman has the development of the disease begins for various reasons. They will need to be installed in the diagnostic process so that the doctor knows what treatment is prescribed.

Signs of mastopathy

To determine the possibility of mastopathy and consult a doctor, you need to get acquainted with its main symptoms:

• the first sign is the emergence of seals in the chest. If the palpation feel peas of different sizes in, it may be a sign of mastopathy. That is, against the background of the wrong functionality of hormones, soft tissues begin to grow and form seals.
• the emergence of pain in the chest. The pain may have differences of character - acute, sharp, novaya, stupid. Pain sensations can intensify on the eve of menstruation
• purulent discharge from nipples (from dairy ducts). They can be different colors - beige greenish or dark brown
• lymphadenitis in the axillary depressions. Extremely rarely in the occurrence of mastitis, lymph nodes are inflamed in the armpits, but, nevertheless, this is one of the main symptoms.

In the development of the disease, there may be observed as all signs simultaneously and one or two of them. I.e. If there is a seal, but there is no discharge and pain, then you still need to contact a specialist.

To confirm or refute the diagnosis. Mastopathy is a disease that the earlier detect, the less likelihood of complications and more chances for fast and successful treatment, without surgery.

It is important to take into account that the symptoms may differ depending on the type of disease.

In addition to fibroids, there is still a purely cystic shape of the disease, in which cysts with liquid content appear in the chest. They have brightly pronounced contours that are easily forgiven during palpation. With the occurrence of menstruation, they begin to hurt much. Sometimes a woman cannot even lie on the stomach due to severe pain.

Methods of diagnosis of pathology

You need to pass surveys from a doctor not only when symptoms of the disease appear, but also for prevention. It is recommended 1-2 times a year to inspect, especially female representatives after 30 years. If there are problems and symptoms, you can contact several specialists - oncologist, a mammologist, a gynecologist or the therapist, which then will send to a narrow specialist.

The most favorable period for the examination is 4-12 day of the female cycle. The first and main way of diagnosis is palpation and external chest inspection. The doctor with the naked eye can recognize the presence of seals and the development of diseases. The doctor inspects the chest, estimating the size and shape of the mammary glands, the color of the skin and the differences between healthy and affected by the breast. For high-quality inspection, palpation must be carried out in several positions of the patient's body, both in vertical and horizontal.

After that, the doctor prescribes an ultrasound examination of the mammary glands.

This method allows the doctor to more accurately see the localization, magnitude and intensity of the lesion of the glands. If necessary, instead of ultrasound, it can be appointed - also a breast survey method with visualization. This method is recommended for women after 40 years.

If during the diagnostics determines the presence of fibrous-cystic mastopathy, then it is necessary to pass a number of analyzes:

1. blood - and will show the presence of infections and will indicate all important indicators -, etc.
2. urine is also the necessary analysis that can tell almost the entire clinical picture of the patient
3. puncture is an analysis in which a special needle takes a sample of liquid from cysts and is examined in the laboratory. In some cases, after the puncture of the cyst, herself is solved by itself

After the results of all analyzes are willing, the doctor is individually prepared a course of treatment, assigning drugs that are best suited to the patient in this particular case.

Methods of treatment, forecast and complications

It can be repeated that the treatment is prescribed to each patient individually, depending on the overall health, the results of analyzes and severity of mastopathy.

Consider the main aspects, without which it is impossible to treat fibrous-cystic mastopathy:

• underwear, which plays a very important role. It is necessary to select bras from natural fabrics and such a style so that they do not handle the chest and did not deform it
• healthy nutrition is a factor of full health, not only the chest, but also all other organs and systems. From the diet, it is recommended to remove all products that contribute to the growth of tissues. These are gas-containing drinks, green tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate. On the day you need to drink 1.5 liters of pure water, not counting teas, juices and other drinks
• reception of vitamins and minerals is necessary in the process of treatment of mastopathy, since it is precisely vitamins accelerate regeneration and contribute to the normalization of a hormonal level. In addition, they increase the protective functions of the body. During treatment, vitamins of group A, B and ascorbic acid play an important role.
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are necessary in order to remove the painful syndrome by reducing the inflammatory process. Most often appoint doctors diclofenac, Naz. They contribute to a decrease in temperature, which most often occurs in the process of the development of the inflammatory process.
• diuretic drugs are needed in order to avoid excessive swelling, which occurs when liquid accumulation in the body
• sedative drugs are drugs that are necessary to normalize the nervous system and stress control. Mastopathy can cause many experiences that will be only an interference for full-fledged treatment.
• hormones are the main components of the female organism. Often mastopathy arises precisely because of their excessive amount or absence. Before appointing certain hormones, the doctor conducts analyzes. Estrogen and are the main hormones in the female body. With their excess tissue begin to grow, as a result of which cysts are formed. To reduce their quantity, preparations are often prescribed, which "brake" their developing. This includes contraceptive tablets of the Zhanin, Diana, Marvelon. Their action is directed to suppressing estrogen, progesterone, and steroids
• non-immunity drugs can also be prescribed to normalize hormones. One of these is Mammolen. It is based on natural vegetation
• homeopathy is preparations that are created on the basis of natural components of plant and animal origin. Their main advantage in the absence of contraindications. As one of the best proven itself - Remens, Mastodinon, Cyclodinon
• iodine-containing drugs, in violation of work

Well, the extreme output is a surgical intervention, in which cysts are cut or liquid is suused with a special apparatus without a cut. Modern medicine allows you to carry out an operation with the slightest damage to the skin.

More information about pathology can be found from the video:

Fibrozno-cystic mastopathy is a disease that is treatable, and, usually. Forecasts are favorable. An exception may be a tightened form of mastopathy, in which the woman did not apply immediately to the doctor, but tried to recover on his own, at home.

Mastopathy can grow into breast cancer, so it is not necessary to delay, otherwise the propagation of cancer cells should be treated with non-drugs and chemicals and irradiation that destroys the entire body.Always better treatment - prevention. The main method in this case is an annual visit to the gynecologist and mammologist for inspection.