Stones in the bladder: symptoms in men, drugs, treatment of folk remedies. Stones in the bladder stones in the kidneys and bladder symptoms

Urolithiaz - pathology, which is more known called Urolithiasis. Characteristic sign Diseases - the formation of stones (concrections) in the organs of the urinary system.

Quite often, the stones appear in bladder bubble. Pathology is manifested in patients in different age. Stones are the very different sizes, forms and structures.

As a rule, the disease is easy to identify at quite specific features, however, there are cases when the patient has not experienced any discomfort from the presence of concrections in the body.

In medicine, the concreshrants in the bladder are classified in several signs.

• Age category. The older the patient, the greater the uric acid with the composition of stones, in children, the councils contain predominantly urinary acid In crystals, oxalates and calcium phosphates.
• Amount. You can diagnose one stone (single) or several (multiple).
• The size. There are very small stones, as well as the achievement of the bladder sizes.
• Structure. Stones can be soft and solid.
• Surface. Conditions are found smooth, in shape similar to pebbles, and more dangerous - with sharp spikes.

Causes of Education

1. Infraezical obstruction. A pathology is hidden under such a complex name, due to which the bladder does not fulfill its functions. As a result, the natural outflow of urine is disturbed, its concentration increases, which contributes to the formation of salt crystals. In the future, they are transformed into stones. Usually, this reason The development of pathology is characteristic of people of old age.
2. Impaired bladder connections with central nervous system. According to statistics, in case of injury spinal cordAlso, the neurogenic bladder stones are formed for eight years.
3. Inflammatory processes. Any inflammatory processesTouching the bladder contribute to the development of urolithiasis, in the risk area there are patients who pass radiation therapy.
4. Availability foreign languages In the bladder. It can be catheters, stents, suture Material, Means that prevent conception that penetrated the bladder.
5. Various defects. For example, pathology muscular shell, protrusion of the mucous membrane, the omission of the bladder (characteristic of women).
6. Operational interventions, mainly with the transfer of tissues.
7. Stones that were formed in the kidneys, but for certain causes penetrated the bladder.

Urine outflow caused by metabolic type disorders is not the cause of the formation of stones in the bladder.

Symptoms of presence of concrections in the bladder

As a rule, urolithiasis has specific symptoms, however, sometimes the patient does not even suspect the presence of stone in the body. That is why it is necessary to use special medical equipment to find out the exact picture and determining the correct diagnosis.

Most often, in the presence of stones in the bladder, patients feel the following symptoms:

• pain syndrome in the lower abdomen, which extends to the pubic and inguinal zones;
• frequent and sharp urge to urination, especially at night;
• cutting and pain when urination;
• the presence of blood in the urine.

In some cases, such a symptom is possible: a sharp cessation of urination and appearance acute painwhich affects the genital area, the bottom zone of the back, belly and hips. Such discomfort may occur during physical exertion. In children, the symptom has the presence of concrections in the bladder is incontinence of urine and uncontrolled erection accompanied by pain.

The pain at the bottom of the abdomen is a fairly common symptom of many diseases in women since the disease of the kidneys and ending with diseases reproductive system. - What are the causes of such a state? Diagnosis of diseases, treatment and possible complications.

About how to recognize symptoms of kidney disease, read in the material.

Ultrasound kidneys is the most common method of detection of disease. It is from this method begins full examination patient. Read here about how the study is carried out and what indications to its conduct exist.

Diagnostics

You can already put an accurate diagnosis initial stages development of pathology. The following surveys and analyzes are needed to diagnose urolithiasis.

1. General urine analysis.
2. General I. biochemical analyzes Blood, during which you can identify inflammatory processes in the bladder and any changes in the composition of the blood.
3. Ultrasonic renal research, allowing to determine the degree of anatomical changes that are provoked by a stone.
4. Excretory urography - a contrast solution is introduced into the Vienna of the patient and then the urine system is radiography. During the diagnostics, the main parameters of the concrections and their location in the body are determined. However, it should be borne in mind that not all stones are able to pass X-rays, such concretions will not be visible on X-rays.
5. Radioisotope nephrocintigraphy - a special patient introduced into the Vienna medical mortarwhich is later excreted through the kidneys. The experts then scan the urinary system using medical equipment.

Uzi - a large stone in the bladder

Treatment

1. Conservative treatment. It is assigned in the case when the size of the concreteren is less than 3 millimeters. In this case, the patient is offered therapy medicinal preparations and medical nutrition. The main goal medical treatment It is the dissolution of stones and eliminating a sharp attack of the disease. To combat painful sensations, drugs such as but-Shap, Baratgin, Papaverin, Spasmalgon are prescribed. Medicines are presented in a wide range of any pharmacy. Preparations affect the walls of the ureter, relaxing it and thereby activating the mobility of the stone. However, antispasmodics are capable only to eliminate pain, but can not save the patient from the main cause of the disease - stone.
2. Elimination of stone with a cystoscope. In this case in urethra The patient is introduced a special metal tube equipped with optics. An inspection of the bladder and the mouth of the ureters is carried out. Then in the hole of the ureter, where pathology is detected, a tube is introduced - a stent that resumes the natural outflow of urine.
3. Operational intervention. This is the most radical method of treating urolithiasis. Surgery necessary in the case when the stone grows to large sizes. As for the cut, it is performed in the place where the stone is diagnosed. After removal of the concrete, the specialists drain the plot in order to remove urine, which seeps through the wall of the bladder.

In addition, the operational treatment method is also considered to be the crushing procedure - remote-wave lithotripsy. In the process of manipulations, the stones are crushed and then output.

When choosing the drug of the same name in different dosage forms preference is better to give injections, since intravenous and intramuscular administration The means turns out to be more efficient.

Rehabilitation period

After operational intervention Patients need bed regime for several days. The patient remains on inpatient treatmentSince it needs daily dressings and wound processing.

In the future, the patient needs to undergo a course of treatment with mud and mineral waters. The best resorts For this purpose, Truskavets, Morshin.

Medical nutrition

Regardless of the location of the location of stones in the body, the doctors are prescribed to patients therapeutic food - the so-called table number 7.

The main principles of such nutrition include the following items:

• minimum amount of salt;
• minimum amount of fatty products;
• exclusion of alcohol;
• the elimination of spices and other concentrated food.

Treatment by folk methods

According to experts, treatment folk methods It is ineffective, however, quite often the patients are assigned a tincture of field chest. This tool contributes to the resorption of the concrections.

The tincture of field chewing quickly and strongly destroys the dental enamel, so it is better to use it through the straw.

Prevention

Prevention of pathology implies a set of measures aimed at preventing the appearance of concrections in the bladder:

• Correction of the diet: exclusion of oily, salt, smoked food, spices.
• Maintaining water balance – daily rate The liquid consumption is at least one and a half liters, with sufficient use of water, the patient goes to the toilet at least six times throughout the day.
• Last preventive measure First of all concerns people who lead a sedentary lifestyle - you need to play sports.

Forecast after the removal of stones

After the treatment is completed, the patient must be regularly observed by a urologist, undergo a metabolic kidney examination and ultrasound procedure No less often than once every six months.

When eliminating all the reasons provoking the development of pathology, the forecast is favorable.

But, if the causes of the disease remain unbursed, it is quite possible to recur in the reappearance of the concrections in the urinary bubble, which will require re-conducting treatment.

At the time of falling immunity, the body is subject to many diseases. In particular, women are distributed. What causes inflammation and how does infection occur? Read carefully.

Everyone should know. Read how to properly pass urine analysis for different species Research.

Video on the topic

IN this moment I have only sand in the bladder. But it forced me to think about my lifestyle. The doctor advised me to observe diet, take some drugs and observe the doctor.

For urolithiasis In the kidneys and the bladder, stones are formed that can disrupt the work of the urinary system organs and cause various complications.

5-10% of people suffer from urolithiasis, men are 3 times more often than women. Usually, urolithiasis is developing after 40-50 years. However, there are cases in children. Most often, the stones are formed in the kidneys, the likelihood of their formation in the bladder is significantly lower. More often in the bladder stones descend from the kidneys around the ureters.

In this article, we will talk about stones in the bladder. Read more about another manifestation of urolithiasis - nephrolithiasis (kidney stones).

Bladder

The bladder is a hollow spherical organ located in the pelvic area and an employee for urine accumulation. Watering contains unnecessary produced substances that the kidneys are filtered out of the blood. Urine is heading from the kidneys in the bladder on two tubes, which are called ureters. When the bladder is filled, urine is derived from the body through a channel, which is called the urethra (urethra). This is called urination.

Stones can irritate the walls of the bladder, block the removal of urine from it, disturbing urination. This contributes to the development of infection and leads to pains in the lower part of the abdomen, impaired urination, the appearance of blood in the urine.

If any of the above symptoms appear, consult a doctor. These signs do not necessarily indicate a urolithiasis, but it is necessary to conduct a more thorough examination.

Most often, the cause of stones is becoming incomplete emptying of the bladder during urination. If urine for a long time It is stuffed in the bladder, some of its components fall into the sediment, form crystals that are forming stones over time.

Usually stones are removed from the bladder surgically. One of the common types of operation is cystolololpaccia.

Symptoms of stones in the bladder

If the stones are so small that they can easily go through urinary ways and stand out with urine, symptoms may not be. However, in most cases, urolithiasis is accompanied by severe complaints, as the stones are either irritated by the walls of the bladder, or prevent normal urination.

Symptoms of urolithiasis include:

• pain in the penis, scrotum or in the bottom of the abdomen (in men);
• pain or difficulty when urination;
• muddy or dark urine;
• blood in the urine.

Additional symptoms found in children include:

• constant and frequent painful erection that is not associated with sexual deposition ( medical term For this state - Priapism) in boys;
• bed-wetting.

• constant abdominal pain;
• change in the usual urination mode;
• blood in the urine.

These symptoms do not necessarily indicate urolithiasis, but require a more thorough examination.

Causes of the formation of stones in the bladder

The most common cause of the stone formation is incomplete emptying of the bladder.

Urine is produced by the kidneys. It consists of water mixed with unnecessary metabolic products that are removed from the blood kidney. One of the decay products is urea consisting of nitrogen and carbon. If the urine in the bladder for a long time is forced, some chemicals fall into the sediment and crystals are formed. Over time, these crystals solidify and form stones in the bladder.

The following describes some of the most common causes of incomplete emptying of the bladder.

Adenoma Prostate (increasing prostate gland).Prostate - small iron available in men. It is located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe pelvis between the penis and the bladder and surrounds the urethra (urethra), according to which the urine from the bladder is derived from the body. The main function of the prostate is to participate in the process of developing seed fluid. Many men with the age of prostate increase.

Neurogenic bladder - The condition caused by the damage to the nerves controlling the work of the bladder, as a result of which a person cannot empty it completely. Neurogenic bladder can have the following reasons:

• severe spinal cord injury (long beam of nerves passing inside the spine from the brain), leading to paralysis (violation motor activity organs and parts of the body);
• diseases causing damage to the nervous system, for example, the disease of the motor neurons or the splitting of the spine (unforgettable vertebral arcs).

Most people with neurogenic bladder for emptying is required to install a catheter. The catheter is a tube that is injected into the bladder through the urethra. On the catheter, urine expires from the bladder. This is called bladder catheterization.

But, artificial way The emptying of the bladder is not an ideal substitute for natural. Therefore, a small amount of urine may remain in the bladder that over time it becomes causes the formation of stones. According to some estimates, approximately each tenth person with a neurogenic bladder sooner or later, a urolithiasis will be repaired.

Out of bladder - The disease occurring in women and developing, when the walls of the bladder weaken and begin to hang over the vagina. This may affect the normal urine outflow from the bladder. Urging the bladder can develop during the period of heavy loads, for example, during pregnancy, due to chronic constipation or lifting weights.

Urinary bubble diverticulus - These are bag-shaped protrusion on the walls of the bladder. If the diverticulus grows to a certain size, a person can be difficult to completely empty the bladder. The urinary bubble diverticulus can be a congenital defect or develop as a complication of infection or prostate adenoma.

Operation to increase the bladder.There is an operation to increase the bladder, during which a part of the intestine is sewn to the bladder. This technique is used, for example, for the treatment of urgent (urgent) urinary incontinence. Research results have shown that approximately every twentieth person underwent this operation will face urolithiasis.

Monotonous nutrition, saturated with fats, sugar and salt, having a lack of vitamin, A and B, can increase the predisposition to urolithiasis, especially if a person uses insufficiently fluid. These factors can change chemical composition urine, which will increase the likelihood of the formation of stones in the bladder.

Treatment with stones in the bladder

Small stones can leave the body independently, it is recommended to increase the amount of liquid consumed to 6-8 glasses per day (about 1.2-1.5 liters) in other cases of medical assistance.

The most common operations to remove stones from the bladder include:

• transuretral cystolololpaccia is the most common procedure for the treatment of urolithiasis in adults;
• subcutaneous junk cystolitholapaccia - more often used to treat children to avoid damage to urethra, but can sometimes be used in adults to extract very large stones;
• open cystotomy is often used for men, whose prostate is so increased, which prevents the conduct of other procedures, or if the stone is very large.

These procedures are described in more detail below.

Transuretral cystolololpaccia.During the operation, the surgeon through the urethra will introduce a cystoscope into your bladder - a small solid tube, inside which is located the camera. The camera will help detect stones. Then, the stones are crushed into parts using the laser energy or sound wavesemitted by a cystoscope. Small pieces of stones are washed out of the bladder liquid.

Transuretral cystolololpaccia is carried out under local or general anesthesiaSo you will not feel pain. There is a risk that the infection will be entered during the procedure, so antibiotics will give you as a precautionary measure. There is also a small risk of bladder damage.

Subcutaneous sucrosic cystolololpaccia.During surgery, the surgeon makes a small incision on the skin in the field of the lower abdomen. Then there is an incision on the urinary bubble and stones are extracted through it. The procedure is carried out under general anesthesia.

Open cystotomy It looks like a subcutaneous sucrosy cystolololpaccia, but the surgeon makes a larger incision on the skin and bladder. Open cystotomy can be combined with another type of operation, for example, by removing the prostate or part of it or removing the urinary bubble diverticulus (bags formed on the walls of the bladder).

The operation is carried out under general anesthesia. The disadvantage of open cystotomy is more pronounced painfulness After the operation, a longer recovery period. But this procedure is necessary if the stone reaches large sizes. For 1-2 days after the operation, you will also need to install a catheter.

Complications for operation

The most common complication in the recovery operation of the bladder stones is the development of bladder infection or urethra. Infections are known under common title urinary tract infections.

Urinary tract infections occurs around each tenth person who has undergone operation. As a rule, they are treated with antibiotics.

After removing the stones from the bladder, you will need to stay in the hospital for several days so that the doctor can control your condition in postoperative period. The duration of hospitalization may vary depending on the type of surgery, the presence of complications and your individual features. You will be prescribed a repeated inspection, during which will do x-ray or computer tomographyTo make sure that all particles of stones have been removed from your bladder.

Treatment of the cause of urolithiasis

After removing stones from the bladder, it is necessary to cure the cause of the disease, so that in the future it does not happen.

Prostate adenoma can be treated with drugs that simultaneously reduce the prostate and relax the bladder, alleviating urination. If medications do not help, it is possible that the operation to remove the prostate or part of it will be required.

If you have a neurogenic bladder (the inability to control the work of the bladder due to damage to the nerves), and you have developed a urolithiasis, the correction of the urine removal process from the bladder is required. To do this, you may need to install a catheter or a replacement of an old to improve control over the work of the bladder.

Lightweight and moderate cases of climbation of the bladder (when the bladder walls weaken and begin to hang in the vagina) can be cured by installing the pessary. This device in the form of a ring, which is inserted into the vagina and keeps the bladder in place in more severe cases to strengthen and support the walls of the bladder may require operation.

Urinary bubble diverticulus (bag-shaped protrusion) can be removed surgically.

To which doctor to apply for urolithiasis

With the help of the service, you can quickly - a doctor who is engaged in the treatment of stones in the bladder. If an operation is needed, select yourself, reading about it.

Cystolithiasis is a medical term called one of the types of urolithiasisWhen in the urinary bubble cavity is calcified or salt concrections.

Hard stone-shaped bodies in the bladder can form both adult both sexes and children. However, statistics show that elderly men suffer from cystolithiasis. If men in the bladder stone, then how to bring it?

How do they come from?

The appearance of stones in the bladder (counters) may have different reasons. Most often deposit accumulates due to infraese sickening obstruction - partial blockage of urinary outflows channels.

How to drive a concrete from the body?

Treatment of cystolithiasis is in eliminating reasons The formation of stones and the elimination of the already formed concrections. When only sand and small stones are in the urinary bubble, which can come out on their own, makes sense to turn to the means of traditional medicine.

Popular folk remedies To remove stones from the bladder are:

Use folk remedies for removing stones from the bladder only after consulting with a specialist and the appointment of traditional therapy.

If a traditional medicine can not cope with stones or their movement by urinary tract causes strong pain and bleeding, then you need to consult with a specialist and start course of medication therapy.

The doctor prescribes the preparations to the urine, special diet, as well as analgesics, diuretics, antispasmodics and antibiotics if necessary. The effectiveness in dissolving the concrections was proved:

• Cyston;
• Allopurinol;
• Stiff;
• Phytolysin.

The main task for successfully removing the accretions is to get rid of the root causes of their occurrence.

Operational methods Cystolithiasis treatment is used in the case when the stones have a large size, uneven edges or for a long time are not output with conservative methods. There are several operational methods, the choice of which depends on the type of concretions, their size, location and characteristics of the patient's body:

The urinary illness will tell a urologist in the video:

The stone in the bladder is a fairly common diagnosis. The disease is associated with the deposit in the cavity of the bubble of small formations that interfere normal work gOOD SYSTEM. Interestingly, among men, this problem is much more common.

Stones, as a rule, consist of calcium oxalate and other minerals. They can be solid or multiple, have different shape, sizes and consistency.

Stone in the bladder: Causes

To date, there are many reasons that lead to the formation of councils in the cavity:

The most common cause is the so-called infrae refrain obstruction - a phenomenon that is associated with partial blockage of urine outflow paths. As a result, the violation of the current bubble is emptied by incompleteness. Urine is forced and over time begins to crystallize, forming stones of different sizes. In men, the blockage can lead enlarged prostateAnd in women - bubble lesions in the region of the cervix.

In addition, the stone in the bladder may occur as a result of the narrowing of urethra, phimosis and other diseases that impede urine outflows.

In some cases, there is a violation of the links between the bladder and the nervous system - these diseases are combined under the name "Neurogenic bladder".

The stone in the bladder can be formed in the presence of foreign bodies in the cavity, including ligatures, stents, mechanical contraceptives (spiral).

In women, this phenomenon can lead together with the displacement of the bladder.

Reconstruction operation on the urinary bubble, which is carried out for also can cause the formation of stones.

It can be noted that reasons for education solid tel In the cavity of the bladder actually a lot.

Stone in the bladder: symptoms

Occasionally, the disease can proceed asymptomatic. But in most cases, patients complain about severe pain at the bottom of the abdomen. The urinary cue is rapidly participating, but during this process there are severe pains that give in and genitals. Patients also complain about frequent night urges. Sometimes in the urine there are traces of blood. Sexual intercourse becomes painful.

Stone in the bladder: diagnosis and treatment

FROM the symptoms described above You must immediately consult a doctor. First you need to pass urine tests - laboratory study Reveys usually elevated level salts. In addition, the patient is prescribed an ultrasound examination of the bladder that allows you to determine the size and consistency of the stones. Much less often is the internal examination of the bubble with the introduction of inside special device - cytoscope.

As for the treatment, then, as a rule, it will be enough for full cure conservative methods. The main goal of therapy is to dissolve the stones and remove salt from the body. Therefore, patients are prescribed various drugswhich destroy the structure of the deposits. The choice of medication here depends on the mineral from which the stone consists. But sometimes still requires surgical extraction of formations.