High uric acid levels in women. Uric acid is elevated: causes

Date: 18.04.2019

Uric acid is a product of metabolism, namely purine bases, in the human body. The main site for the formation of uric acid is the liver. In the body, the kidneys are responsible for the excretion of uric acid.

The normal content of uric acid indicates the correct functioning of the body, and its increased content (hyperuricemia) - about disorders or diseases of the human body.

Normal blood uric acid

for children under 14 years of age, the norm is 120–320 μmol / l;
for adult women - 150–350 µmol / l;
for adult men - 210–420 µmol / l.

As can be seen from the above data, the least amount of uric acid in the blood is observed in children, and most of all in adult men. This is due to the fact that the male body needs a constant supply of proteins to the body to perform significant physical work. Female body needs a little less protein, almost the same as children. But it is proteins that are the main source of purine bases in the body, from which uric acid is then formed.

Preparing for a blood test for uric acid

To undergo a biochemical blood test, in which the level of uric acid is determined, the day before it is necessary to adhere to the following rules:

do not eat for 6-8 hours before the analysis;
exclude alcoholic beverages and protein-rich foods 2-3 days before donating blood.

The test results are usually prepared the next day after donating blood for analysis.

Causes of hyperuricemia

The main causes of high levels of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia) include:

Prolonged fasting;

Drinking alcohol;

Eating foods rich in fats and carbohydrates.

Also, hyperuricemia can be caused by such diseases:

Acute infectious diseases - tuberculosis, scarlet fever, pneumonia;
Lymphoma, leukemia;
Inflammation of the liver and biliary tract;
Anemia due to a lack of vitamin B12;
Chronic eczema;
Diabetes;
Various kidney diseases;
Toxicosis associated with pregnancy;
Acidosis - an increase in blood acidity;
Alcohol poisoning.

What is evidenced by hyperuricemia

As you know, an increased content of uric acid in the blood is the main symptom of the development of primary or secondary gout, as well as chronic arthritis... When diagnosing primary gout, an analysis to establish the level of uric acid is the main symptom by which the diagnosis is made. This disease is observed with a delayed excretion of uric acid or its increased synthesis in the body.

When interacting with sodium, uric acid forms crystals of sodium urate. Usually these crystals are deposited in the kidneys, joints, or subcutaneous tissue. In the case of the formation of sodium urates in the kidneys, their inflammation and disruption of normal functioning are observed. When sodium urate is deposited in the joints, chronic arthritis develops, which causes pain when flexing damaged joints. Subsequently, this can lead to complete failure of the joint.

Prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia

Typically, an increase in uric acid levels is associated with the consumption of foods rich in protein:

liver;
kidneys;
brain;
language;
red meat;
canned meat;
meat broths;
alcohol;
coffee;
chocolate;
mustard;
legumes.

Besides these products, a large number of proteins and sodium salts are present in various products from puff pastry, mushrooms, sorrel, spinach, cauliflower.

Often, to normalize the level of uric acid, it is enough to monitor the amount of these foods and limit their amount in the diet.

dairy products- low-fat kefir, cottage cheese;
dairy products;
boiled lean meat and fish (no more than 3 times a week);
eggs;
fruits;
juices;
compotes;
vegetables;
vegetable soups;
decoctions of wheat bran and rose hips.

In case of hyperuricemia, it is very important to adhere to the correct water regime. You need to consume about 2-3 liters of clean water daily. The use of water containing lemon juice helps to eliminate lactic acid from the body.

Also, increased weight is often the cause of hyperuricemia. When it normalizes, the level of uric acid in the body decreases.

At drug treatment hyperuricemia drugs are usually used:

Contributing to the active excretion of uric acid from the body - various diuretic drugs;
Reducing the production of uric acid in the body - allopurinol;
Preventive drugs - coltsikhin.

In the treatment of hyperuricemia, they are also used folk remedies... For this purpose, decoctions and infusions of lingonberry, birch leaves, nettle are taken inside. For foot baths, infusions of calendula, chamomile and sage are used.

People over 45 years of age are advised to donate blood for uric acid analysis once a year.

However, it must be remembered that only a qualified doctor can make the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment that will lead to recovery. Therefore, if you have any suspicions about an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood, you should consult a doctor!

General conclusions what you need to know

Donate blood on an empty stomach biochemical analysis by excluding food from the diet a few days before, rich in protein, and alcoholic beverages;
The next day, get the result of the analysis, with which you need to consult a doctor;
With an increased level of uric acid, it is necessary to strictly limit the use of foods containing a lot of proteins (meat, liver, kidneys, etc.);
Try to drink 2-3 liters of clean water a day, preferably with the addition of a few drops lemon juice a glass of water;
Eat dairy and fermented milk products, vegetables and fruits;
Consume decoctions and infusions of nettle, lingonberry, birch leaves;
For foot baths, use sage infusions.

For normal growth and development, our body needs nitrogen. Purine bases are one of the most important nitrogenous compounds found in the human body. They, in turn, are part of the nucleic acids - RNA and DNA.

They participate in the coding of genetic information, participate in protein biosynthesis, bioenergetics of cells, in a word, they perform many important functions. Having fulfilled their purpose, they begin to gradually disintegrate into final substances and are excreted from the body. naturally... One such end-substance is uric acid.

An excess of this substance can cause many diseases. Therefore, it is very important to know what role uric acid plays in the body, the norm in the blood of women and men of this substance. We will talk about this today on the website www.site.

What is the norm of uric acid in the blood of a healthy person?

This substance is the end product of purine and protein metabolism. When it is normal, it is contained in the blood plasma as a form of sodium salt. Its concentration depends entirely on the normal process of synthesis, and then excretion, i.e. from the balance of these processes.

This balance is very important, since uric acid in the blood, from the blood plasma, is excreted from the body along with excess nitrogen (toxic ammonia). Poorly, when uric acid levels rise, hypouricemia occurs. The most common reason this is eating foods high in purines. By changing the diet to a low-purine one, the acid content will decrease.

Hypouccemia can also occur due to the intake of certain diuretics (diuretics), due to a decrease in the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys, renal failure, toxicosis in pregnant women, prolonged fasting, alcoholism, etc.

This can happen when oncological diseases, AIDS, diabetes mellitus, etc.
At normal concentration of this substance, there is no reason to fear for your health. But even with a slight increase in it, a solid sediment will begin to appear, settling on the organs and tissues of the body.

In a healthy adult, the rate of uric acid is:

The norm in men: 210 to 430 μmol / L (250 - 750 mg / day)

The norm in women: 150 to 350 μmol / L (250 to 750 mg / day)

By the way, for children under 14 years old, this norm- from 120 to 320 μmol / l (0.30 mmol / l)

Why is it dangerous to increase the concentration of uric acid?

With an increase in these indicators, the deposition of urates begins, which subsequently turns into crystals. They can be found in various organs such as the kidneys. So, increased concentration uric acid in the urine provokes the formation of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract.

Also, an increase in the level of this substance forms clinical syndrome- gout, which is the cause of perifocal aseptic inflammation... Moreover, this disease of the joints affects more men than women.

How to lower uric acid levels?

The normal level of this substance is an important indicator of the health of the body. But if its overabundance leads to different dangerous diseases, it is necessary to take measures to reduce its level. First of all, you need to start observing a certain diet:

Foods rich in purines: beef, pork, and any red meat in general. They also include liver, kidneys, brains, tongue, legumes, sugar, alcohol (especially wine, beer), salt and all salinity, smoked meats. A lot of purines give lard, sweets, chocolate, hot spices, homemade marinades.

Their number should be reduced when drawing up a daily diet, or they should be eliminated altogether. For example, replace meat with poultry and sugar with honey. Eat more dried fruits, drink freshly squeezed vegetable and fruit juices.

But, unfortunately, the level of uric acid can be very high, so the body can not always reduce it through diet. In this case, special nutritional supplements will help, medicines... But they must be consumed as directed by a doctor.

The fact is that when the level of this substance decreases, it is necessary to undergo an examination, after which the doctor will recommend taking a drug suitable specifically for your condition. The treatment process is accompanied by regular laboratory monitoring.

Folk remedies that lower uric acid levels

Traditional medicine also has the necessary arsenal of means to remove excess of this substance from the body. The main role here is played by infusions, decoctions medicinal plants... They are completely safe and will only benefit both men and women. Try some of them:

* To bring the level of this substance back to normal, pour 1 tsp. dry lingonberry leaves 1 tbsp. boiling water. Cover, wrap, leave for half an hour. Strain, sip every hour.

* Take 1 tsp freshly squeezed nettle juice. 3 times a day.

* Pour 2 tbsp. l. young birch leaves 2 tbsp. boiling water, put on low heat, simmer for 10 minutes. Then leave the broth under the lid for half an hour, strain, take 1/3 cup before meals, three times a day.

With a decrease in uric acid levels, the most important thing is not to harm your health. Therefore, we recommend that you definitely consult your doctor. Be healthy!

Performs important functions in the body. However, if the indicators of a substance in the blood are higher than normal, it is necessary to urgently begin treatment, since this condition is characterized not only by a deterioration in the patient's well-being, but also by the development of complications.

To normalize acid levels, various medications and recipes for traditional medicine. Also compulsory in treatment is compliance with general principles correct image life, which contribute to the reduction of substances in the body.

Uric acid - what is it, its normal value

Uric acid is a substance that is produced by the metabolic process in the breakdown of purines digestive system... Formed substance c. It usually dissolves in the blood and enters the kidneys. In this case, uric acid is excreted during urination.

Among the important functions of this substance in the body, there are:

Antioxidant action, which is to protect cells from free radicals.
Activation of adrenaline and norepinephrine, which affects normal functioning nervous system.
Preventing the development of cancer cells.
Excretion of carbon dioxide from the body in the urine.

The amount of a substance in the blood depends on the age criterion, as well as on the sex of the person. Normal level are the following indicators:

In men - from 210 to 420 μmol per liter
In women - from 150 to 350
Children up to one month - up to 311
Under the age of one year - from 90 to 372
From one to fourteen years old - from 120 to 320

The highest rate of acid at the rate is observed in male body... This is due to the fact that when performing physical work, a man's body needs frequent replenishment of the body with proteins.

To obtain accurate and reliable results, you need to know how to properly prepare for the study. Experts recommend donating blood on an empty stomach. It is also important to exclude foods that contain a huge amount of protein a few days before the analysis, and alcoholic drinks... If a person took any medications, it is necessary to tell the doctor about this factor. It is advisable for people after forty-five years to undergo diagnostics annually.

Blood for research is taken from a vein. Uric acid is determined by blood serum. Usually, the results of the analysis can be obtained at the clinic the next day.

The main factors of the increased level

Hyperuricemia - high levels of uric acid in the blood

The increase in the substance in the blood is influenced by physiological and pathological factors. The two main causes of a urinary level above normal are considered to be a violation of the production of a substance in the liver and improper excretion of it by the kidneys.

Uric acid rises in the following cases:

Heavy physical exercise.
Starvation long time.
Protein diet.
Long-term use of certain medications.
Eating foods that are high in protein.
Alcohol abuse.

An increase in the substance is determined in the blood with such diseases:

Pathologies in which the excretion of the substance in the urine is more difficult.
Diseases endocrine system(, acidosis).
Hereditary diseases (Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Hodgkin's disease).
Psoriasis and others pathological conditions skin.
Liver pathology (,).
Infectious diseases(scarlet fever, tuberculosis, pneumonia).
Hypovitaminosis (mainly vitamin B12 deficiency).
Oncological diseases (most often leukemia, lymphoma).
Allergic reactions.
Arterial hypertension.
High levels in the body and lipoproteins
Hyperuricemia is considered important feature for the diagnosis of gout.
Uric acid can increase due to obesity and complications of pregnancy, for example, with toxicosis.

Signs of a high content of a substance in the blood

The following signs may indicate an increased content of uric acid in the body:

Feeling unwell.
Back pain.
High.
Sore joints.
Indigestion.
General weakness.

One of the most common signs of hyperuricemia in adults is the occurrence of tartar and decreased performance. With an increase in the substance in the body, pain during urination is possible.

In children, hyperuricemia may be accompanied by enuresis, frequent pain in the abdomen, neurological disorders. Diathetic spots are often observed in small patients.

Treatment methods

First of all, treatment should be directed to the underlying disease that provoked high level uric acid. Therefore, only a specialist can prescribe medications. If uric acid has increased due to physiological reasons, then this condition does not need special therapy. Over the course of some time, the level will return to normal by itself.

Usually, in order to lower uric acid in the body, the following groups of drugs are used:

Means that remove uric acid from the blood. These include Probenecid.
Medicines that lower uric acid production. Usually prescribed when complications begin to appear increased level substances. These drugs include Colchicine, Allopurinol, Benzobromarone.
Drugs that transfer a substance into the bloodstream from tissues and affect the intensity of its excretion in the urine. Zinhoven is the most effective of this group of drugs.
With hyperuricemia, diuretics such as Lasix, Mannitol, Furosemide, Sulfinpyrazole are often prescribed.

Other methods of lowering a substance in the blood are:

Drink plenty of fluids. Drinking fluid promotes, resulting in excess uric acid being excreted from the body. It is recommended to drink from nine to fifteen glasses of plain water per day.
Proper nutrition. It is necessary to exclude foods containing purines from the diet. Therefore, it is recommended to refuse meat offal, anchovies, beer, confectionery, white bread, smoked meats, legumes, drinks containing fructose. It is also important to limit your salt intake. It is advisable to eat fresh fruits and vegetables, dairy products. Servings for hyperuricemia should be small, it is better to eat up to five times a day.
Weight loss. It is recommended to increase physical activity, adhere to a certain diet. However, fasting must be ruled out.

Useful video - Uric acid in the blood: causes and treatment

Alternative medicine also has recipes to help normalize uric acid. Among such agents, the most effective is the use of decoctions and tinctures from such medicinal plants inside:

Sabelnik.
Lingonberry (leaves).
Collecting calendula, pharmacy chamomile and sage.
Birch leaves.
Lemon and garlic.

It is recommended to take nettle juice as an auxiliary medicine in case of a high uric acid level. When using folk remedies, it is important to remember that they are not a panacea, but are used as an auxiliary method to the main treatment.

If uric acid is elevated in the body for a long time, this can lead to the development of severe conditions.

Often a high level of a substance in the blood leads to the occurrence of the following pathologies:

Gout.
Formation of stones in the kidneys and urinary ducts.
Intoxication of the body.
Ischemic disease.
Myocardial infarction.
Angina pectoris.
Chronic arthritis.

Often, with a high content of uric acid in the body, lesions of the nervous system occur, against the background of which migraines, sleep disorders, decreased vision, and attacks of aggression occur.

The development of complications depends on the localization of the formation of sodium urate by uric acid. If crystals appear in the kidneys, diseases of this organ occur. With the deposition of urate in the joints, gout begins to progress and.

Blood is a universal liquid. From it, you can determine the exact state of the main body systems. Before deciphering your own analyzes, it is worth remembering that the level of uric acid cannot be assessed without paying attention to other substances - creatinine and urea. Let's figure out what norms of uric acid in the blood are set for men after 40 years.

Features of the analysis

During the synthesis of ribonucleic acids, purine bases are released, after the cleavage of which uric acid is released into the blood. It is synthesized by the liver and unchanged with the blood enters the kidneys, with the help of which it is excreted from the body. Determining the level of uric acid in the blood is necessary to diagnose:

urolithiasis;
gout;
diseases of the lymphatic system;
kidney pathologies.

To determine the level of uric acid, men undergo a biochemical study of blood serum. You need to prepare for it according to the rules:

The procedure is carried out in the morning, the patient must refrain from eating for 8 hours. You can only drink clean water small amounts.
Two days before taking the biomaterial, you need to exclude fried, smoked, spicy, fatty foods from your diet. During the same period, you should not drink alcoholic beverages.
Reduce the amount of fish, tea and coffee in the diet the day before the test. During the same period, do not eat meat, offal, legumes. This limitation is due to the high purines in these products, which can skew the result.
The analysis is carried out before treatment or after its completion in 2 weeks, if at the time of blood sampling you are being treated for any disease, taking medications for health reasons, you must indicate the names of the funds. When decoding the analyzes, the doctor must take into account the effect of medications on blood components.
Biochemical analysis should not be performed after radiography, ultrasound, fluorography, physiotherapy. These activities can change the composition of the blood.

Only by observing these rules can you get reliable information about the level of uric acid and other blood components that are decay products.

Normal indicators

Medical scientists have created a table that compiles the limits of uric acid indicators for different ages:

Despite the fact that the standards are developed without regard to gender, most often doctors examine uric acid in men, since they are prone to gouty arthritis. In this disease, uric acid salts are deposited in the joints. After 40 years in men, the predisposition to hyperuricemia is up to 25%. It is believed that with a level of this substance from 250 to 400 μmol / L, a forty-year-old man is outside the risk zone.

Reasons for deviations

The output of uric acid indicators beyond the normal range in a large direction may be due to primary and secondary causes. Primary are individual characteristics human, congenital genetic abnormalities and diseases:

Lesch-Nihan syndrome;
gout;
congenital increase in the synthesis of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate;
Kelly-Sigmiller syndrome.

Secondary causes are acquired diseases that affect the cleavage of purines. These reasons include:

hemolytic anemia;
acute or chronic renal failure;
psoriasis;
intoxication with salts of heavy metals, lead compounds;
chemotherapy;
oncology of the blood and brain, which occurs with myeloproliferation syndrome;
protein diets;
alcoholism;
exhaustion due to improper nutrition, unbalanced diet, violation of the food intake.

Pharmaceutical drugs can increase the level of uric acid:

methyldopa;
vitamin B3;
caffeine;
aspirin;
theophylline;
levodopa;
diuretics;
vitamin C.

In some cases, such as diabetes or burns, uric acid levels can be lowered, but doctors usually know the cause of an incorrect result before testing.

To confirm hyperuricemia in men, a daily urine test is performed. After confirming the diagnosis, treatment begins, which may include taking medications:

to enhance renal secretion;
based on allopurinol, which reduce the amount of purine excretion.

The basis of treatment is a diet that is selected for a man individually, based on the cause of hyperuricemia. Changing the diet is aimed at normalizing metabolism. With her, products that can increase the formation of uric acid are excluded from the menu: chocolate, tea and coffee, canned food, smoked meats, fatty meat, offal, carbonated drinks. The number of eggs is limited.

In addition, the patient may be advised folk remedies, for example, decoctions of lingonberry leaves, currants, birch buds, nettles. They do not notice medications that must be taken. Comprehensive treatment controlled by laboratory testing of urine and blood.

This acid is constantly concentrated in plasma and is part of the extracellular fluid, like sodium salt. When uric acid is exceeded in the body, as a rule, a certain crystallization of an element called sodium urate occurs.

Uric acid excretes excess nitrogen from the human body. The kidneys themselves are directly responsible for the removal of uric acid from the human blood. If there is a violation of the activity of the kidneys, then there is also a violation of the entire metabolism of uric acid. As a result, there is a significant accumulation of sodium salts in the blood, the level of uric acid readings increases, thereby provoking a fairly diverse damage and disorders of organs and tissues.

Gout (primary or secondary) is often the cause of an increase in uric acid. In diagnostics this disease the uric acid test has a very essential... Because primary gout has the ability to be asymptomatic, and can only manifest itself in an increase in the indicative level of uric acid. In turn, secondary gout is triggered by various disorders of the functioning of the kidneys, various malignant formations, severe tissue destruction or prolonged starvation. It is believed that primary gout can develop against the background of delayed excretion of uric acid from the body or during excessive synthesis of uric acid. The danger is that crystals found in uric acid can be deposited in the subcutaneous tissue, joints and kidneys. As a result, it develops serious illness gout, dangerous chronic.

The rate of uric acid in the blood

In the body, this indicator is normal only when its value does not exceed the limits in the female body of 0.16 - 0.40 mmol / l, and in the male body it does not go over the level of 0.24 - 0.50 mmol / g.

In the case when uric acid in the body rises rapidly, this may indicate a high content of purines in the human diet. It is possible to reduce this indicator by using a low purine diet. That is why, if you want to reduce the quantitative composition of this acid in the body, you should refuse foods that are rich in a significant amount of purines. For example, these foods include meat, kidneys, tongue, legumes, liver, and brains. It is believed that the level of this acid in the body changes with age. For example, for a man in his prime, this indicator will be significantly higher than for women. After 65 years, the difference completely disappears. In a child's body, uric acid is always much less than in adults.

Treatment

During an increased indicative level of uric acid in the body, basically, all doctors prescribe certain medications that are capable of providing the necessary anti-inflammatory, analgesic and diuretic effect for the body.

However, to reduce this indicator, the patient often has a need to follow a low purine diet. That is why you should avoid in your diet any dishes made from offal, smoked meats, too rich broths on meat. In addition, doctors do not recommend the use of such types of vegetables and herbs as sorrel, lettuce, roaring, tomatoes, eggplants and turnips in their diet. You should also try to completely eliminate chocolate, coffee, eggs, too fatty cakes, salty, savory and grapes.

All low-calorie dairy products, potatoes, apples, apricots, plums and pears are excellent for reducing the quantitative composition of uric acid. It must be remembered that you need to drink about two and a half liters of any drink per day. For example, a variety of teas, fruit drinks, juices, ordinary mineral water... After all, it is the liquid that is able to effectively flush out purines from the body, and thereby reduce the quantitative composition of uric acid. You need to eat five to six times a day. However, as soon as gout is detected, it is urgent to go on a fast unloading diet and eat only vegetables, apples and drink kefir.

Regular gymnastics of a therapeutic format helps to accelerate the process of excretion of uric acid from the body. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out at least simple kicks, a simple exercise called "bicycle", walk more.

In addition, you should turn to effective folk medicine and use decoctions from medicinal herbs... For example, wheatgrass root, lingonberry leaves, birch leaves, angelica root. These herbs promote rapid dissolution and accelerate the excretion of urinary salts from the body.