Do you know what Chinese medicine is?
Traditional Chinese medicine (TKM)
Traditional Chinese (TKM), a system of medicine at least 23 centuries, which is aimed at preventing or diseases by maintaining or restoring Yin-Yan's balance. China has one of the oldest medical systems in the world. Acupuncture and Chinese herbal agents belong to at least 2200 years, although the earliest written written evidence of Chinese medicine is "Huangdi Neijing" ("Inner Classic of Yellow Emperor") from the 3rd century BC. This opus provided theoretical concepts for TKM, which today underlie its practice.In fact, traditional Chinese healers seek to restore the dynamic balance between the two complementary forces: Yin (passive) and Yang (active), which permeate the human body, like the Universe as a whole. According to TKM, the person is healthy, when harmony exists between these two forces; On the other hand, it is the result of the decay of the Ein and Yang equilibrium.
A visit to the traditional Chinese pharmacy is a visit to a small Museum of Natural History. Hundreds of boxes in the closet, glass boxes and banks in a typical pharmacy contain a huge amount of dried plants and animal materials. In 1578, Li Shizhena published his famous Bandman Benkao (Compendium of Materia Medica), which lists 1892 and about 11,000 official recipes for certain diseases.
To restore the harmony, the Chinese healer can use any of the huge arrays of traditional remedies. The patient can be treated with acupuncture or acupressure, cavity (Moxa Treatment) or a relief (in which hot glass cups are placed on the patient to apply on the skin).The Chinese healer may appoint a welding prepared with one (or some combination) of thousands of medicinal plants or dried parts of animals (for example, snakes, scorpions, insects, deer horns) in the Chinese pharmaceutical arsenal.
The role of Qi and Meridians
An essential aspect of TKM is an understanding of Qi (vitality, literally "life breathing"), which flows through the invisible meridians (channels) of the body. This energy network connects organs, fabrics, veins, nerves, atoms and consciousness itself. Generally speaking, there are 12 major meridians, each of which is associated with one of the 12 main bodies in the theory of TCM. Meridians are also associated with different phenomena, including daily rhythms, seasons and planetary movements, to create additional invisible networks.
In acupuncture, thin needles are inserted into certain points along the meridians. The needles stimulate the meridians and adjust the flow of qi to balance Yin and Yang Body. Instead of needles, massage (acupressure) can also be used to stimulate acupuncture points. Acupuncture is sometimes accompanied by cauterization, burning small grass cones (usually Artemisia Moxa) at acupuncture points. Not only is the network of meridians can be used to relieve symptoms; It can also endure TCM with the ability to change consciousness in those who receive treatment.
A TKM practitioner uses odor, rumor, vibration vibration, sensory and impulse diagnostics to detect the source of an unbalanced state, with which organ it is connected, and which meridians are affected. In addition, the practitioner usually uses the so-called five agents or five phases (Wuxing). Watching a natural law in action, the ancient healers recognized the five main elements in the world - wood (mu), fire (HUO), land (TU), metal (JIN) and water (SHUI) - and found that these elements have countless compliance , visible and invisible. This structure helps experimental specialists TCM to identify unbalanced relationships. For example, one key correspondence refers to the time of day. If a person always appears on a head at 16:00, this signals that Bladder QI is unbalanced, since Bladder (from a pair of Kidney / Bladder organs) is responsible for maintaining body functions at this time. Using the theory of five elements, the practice can create a healing plan that can contain components such as acupuncture, herbs, lifestyle changes and health products. It may also include Chinese psychology, which shows how the energy of unbalanced emotions can affect the proper function of the organ.
Herbal therapy
TKM uses herbs and herbal formulas to enhance the function of organs and maintain good health. Understanding the essence of various plant components gives a practicing TCM method of creating a healing effect, which goes beyond the chemical composition and physical properties of herbs. The practitioner chooses a herbal formula, the essence of which, or vibration of signaling energy, properly stimulates or regulates its own energy vibration of the body.Chinese herbal formulas, some of which are used over 2200 years, consist of ingredients selected to work in combination with each other. In Western medicine, they are usually prescribed individually for a certain effect. In classical herbal recipes, TKM, each grass has a different goal or role to help the body achieve harmony. In order for the plant to be included in the Chinese pharmacist, each part of it should have been identified for another purpose of healing. Thus, TKM also considers the healing properties of products. Various products carry various energies that can act directly to certain organs to help them heal.
Modern development
Various Western scientific disciplines conducted research to find out how Chinese medicine works, but it is difficult to use the Western criterion for measuring oriental medicine. For example, in many studies on acupuncture, research is involved that are trying to prove that this modality can eliminate or reduce pain or facilitate certain conditions. However, this elementary approach ignores a deeper understanding and experience of Chinese medicine that the human body has unlimited therapeutic strength and that additional health and illnesses reflect the principle of Yin-Yan in the human body.Genetic research and drug development
The principle of Yin-Yang can be applied to genetic diseases such as the hereditary breast and related BRCA1 and BRCA2. According to this principle of natural law, if any of these genes is activated, somewhere in another part of the genetic code there is also a gene for fixing the action of a cancer gene, because there is the opposite energy of the one that produces diseases. There must be complementary programs - one for the development of the disease, and the other - for treatment.Almost 200 modern drugs were developed directly or indirectly out of 7,300 species of plants used as medicines in China. For example, the ephedrine, alkaloid used in the treatment of asthma, was first isolated from the Chinese grass Mahuan. Today, scientists continue to identify compounds in Chinese herbal means, which may be useful in developing new therapeutic agents applicable in Western medicine. For example, an alkaloid, called HUPERZINE A, was highlighted from Huperzia Serrata moss, which is widely used in China for the manufacture of phytotherapy Qian Ceng Ta. Studies show that this agent can be favorably compared with made anticholinesterase preparations, such as subepezil, which are used to treat Alzheimer's disease.
Meditation and Health
Meditative exercises Tai Chi (Tai Chitsean) and Qigong ("Discipline of Life Breath") are examples of other inalienable features of traditional Chinese healing, which were included in the health and fitness programs that complement modern medicine. Tai Chi is characterized by deliberately slow, continuous, circular, well balanced and rhythmic movements, which were originally used as martial art. Qigong, which was known in ancient China as "a way to reflect the disease and extend life," contains elements of meditation, relaxation, martial arts and breathing exercises, which are intended for cultivating Qi and transfer them to all body bodies, today many people around the world regularly Perform these exercises to improve health and can really extract health benefits from exercises and relaxation.History of Chinese medicine
Four main periodsBetween the 29th century and the sixteenth century, Chinese medicine passed through four main periods. The first, starting from the 29th to the 27th centuries, there was a time of three emperors, primarily the era of myth and legends with approximate dating events. The events of the following 2000 years are unclear, but we can assume a slow growth of medical knowledge and gradual changes in medical practice.
The second period was a mixture of legends and a fact focused on the career of Bian Que (Bian que) - about which anecdotal material refers to the first half of the V century VCE. The third period was that the great practitioners, doctors Zhang Zhongjin and Wang Shuhe and Hua Tuo surgeon running from 150 to 300. People and events were real, although the legends rose around them. Over the past 1300 years, in which encyclopedic works were collected and comments were written to earlier authors, there was little that was original. In the second half of the XVI century, fine communications began with medical representatives from the West, and the nature of Chinese medicine began to change.
Ancient Chinese emperors and medical texts
Three emperors - Fu Si, Shannong and Juandy - were focused on medicine. Fu Si discovered Bagua ("Eight Trigram"), a symbolic basis for medical, philosophical and astrological thinking. Shennong, called the founder of Chinese medicine, was also known as a divine husband. Juandi, the famous yellow emperor, ruled in the battle of the 27th century, at one time thought he wrote "Huandzi Beijing" ("The inner classic of the yellow emperor"). Nevertheless, the work was written much later - the 3rd century. Despite this discrepancy, Huangdi Neijing was read throughout the centuries and provides theoretical concepts for TCM.Fu C and Bagua
Fu Si, the legendary founder of the Chinese people, according to the general opinion, showed his subjects, how to catch fish, grow pets and cook. He taught them the rules of marriage and using the image characters. He also told about Bagua, which he first saw on the back of the "Horses Dragon", when he rose from the water of the yellow river (Huang He). To fulfill all these things, Fu C should have had an unusual beginning and a long board. The first was granted his mother, which miraculously conceived the future emperor and suffered it in the womb of 12 years.
Bagua consists of eight trigms or three-line symbols consisting of solid and broken lines. Continuous lines are called Yang and basically represent all male things; Dotted lines are called Yin and represent women's aspects of life. Yang and Yin are additional, not antagonistic. Such is the depth of the meaning contained in these symbols that the Chinese philosopher of Confucius once stated that if he could study Bagua for 50 years, he can get wisdom. Confucius studied Bagua long enough to write a comment, which is part of Itsinka ("Classic Change"), one of the books, revered throughout the history of China.
Ideogram for Yin and Yang first appeared in the Appendix to Izzin. In the diagram of Yin and Yang appear as two fish in a circle, yin in black and yang in white. The fact that each Yin contains a little yang, and every Yang little yin is symbolized by the eye of each fish, which has the opposite color. Yin also refers to the land, the moon, night, cold, humidity, death and passive, while Yang is the sky, sun, day, heat, dry, life, activity, etc.
From a medical point of view, everything could be classified as Yin or Yang, and for the treatment of diseases an ancient Chinese doctor sought to return these two qualities into balance. Inner body - yin, surface or - yang; Selezenka, Lightweight and kidneys - Yin, and liver - Yang; The disease is Yin, when it occurs due to internal reasons, Yang, when it comes to external reasons; Laxative, bitter substances and cold infusions are drugs Yin, while solvents, sharp substances and hot cakes are Jan-drugs. Yin and Yang are present in the whole macrocosm of the world just as they are present in the microcosm of the human body.
Shennong and Shennong Bencaojing
The second legendary emperor, Shennong, as they say, was born in the 28th century BC. And he was known as a red emperor, because his patron was fire. His mother was a princess, and his father - heavenly dragon. According to reports, Shennong invented a plow, taught his people to be farmers, and also found and experienced plants with healing or poisonous qualities. He presumably recorded most of this information in Shennong Bencaojing ("Classical Medicine of the Divine Man"), where he classified medications as excellent (unsafe and rejuvenating), medium (with some toxicity based on dosage and supplying effects), or inferidate (Poisonous, but able to quickly reduce fever and cure indigestion). Although most of the authorities now agree that Shennong Bencaojing has been written about the time of Christ, Shennong is usually considered as a father of Chinese medicine.
Huangdi and Huangdi Neijing
The third of the three Annetian emperors began its Board in 2697 BC. Named with a yellow emperor, because his patron was the Earth, Juandi - the most famous of three early rulers. He had to write Huangdi Neijing for a long time, although it is now believed that this work was drawn up in the 3rd century BC. Nevertheless, Huangdi Neijing was the highest authority in China for medical issues more than 2,000 years and appeared in many publications.The main contribution of Huangdi to medicine will certainly be the invention of nine needles for acupuncture. Like his predecessors, Huangi had a wonderful birth and a long life. He presumably taught his people to print and how to produce dishes from wood, ceramics and metal. A good administrator, he delegated to his assistants such tasks as building boats, wheel manufacture, invention of currency system, calendar compilation and many other useful tasks. Hundi himself allegedly received information about the diagnosis, pulse and other medical issues from the immortal and goddesses. Huangdi received a formula for the "ninth pumpkin powder" and "nineteen gold and silver recipes". He also acquired a recipe for the manufacture of "nine Stabelnaya Tablets". All of them were prepared on a special plate, one of its own inventions. To keep fire in this busy stove, thousands of tigers and leopards came to him home to help. When the last pills were made, the yellow dragon descended from heaven and escorted Juandi to Paradise. Seventy of his concubines and the most faithful servants accompanied him on the last flight.
The emphasis in Huangdi Neijing and, indeed, for most of the history of medicine in China, relates to prophylactic, and non-medical. Doctors were assessed on the basis of whether they are well holding people well. A doctor who could take action only after the disease has shown himself to see everyone, considered as a low practitioner. Huangdi Neijing clearly sets out this concept with some well-developed analogues:
Driving medications that have already developed, and suppress the uprisings that have already developed, comparable to the behavior of those people who begin to dig a well after they began to drink, and those who begin to throw a weapon after they have already begun to engage in battle . Will these actions be too late?
Anatomy elements in Huangdi Neijing underlie the discussion of diseases. Yin and Yang are distributed throughout the body in a uniform balance of a healthy person. However, a particular organ or region may have more than one than another. These two principles are divided into three degrees: Yin has a big female principle, the principle of a woman and a young female principle, while men have men's colleagues. These divisions differ from each other primarily by the relative amount of air and blood contained in them. When these principles are balanced, the person will be healthy.
The disease can also be caused by the winds, at times of the year and poisonous air. According to some commentators, the winds played such an important role in Chinese medicine, because the original Chinese came from the area of \u200b\u200bthe yellow river, where winds were usually carried out, and changes in the direction and intensity were often predicted difficulties or disasters. Typically, poisonous air flows indicated the wrong life habits, especially deviations from the Ruo or path rules. If a person has dismissed from the right path, he could expect to suffer for him, and medical problems were one of the types of punishment.
It was believed that organs (liver, heart, spleen, lungs and kidneys) stored materials. Viscera (gallbladder, stomach, fat intestine, small intestine, bladder and three combustion - unique areas that cannot be identified specifically) were considered by elimators. Comprehensive conformity between these organs, internals, substances, seasons, winds and many other qualities, concepts and things played an important role in Chinese medicine. The doctrine of five elements - metal, water, wood, flame and earth had important. The doctor sought to equilibrium between elements and subjects associated with them.
Using Toms, which 500 years before that belonged to Zhang Zhongjin, Van Bean was the most complete edition of the Handsin Beijing in the middle of the 7th century during the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Government agencies have determined that this work should be classified as a medical book. This decision meant that Huangdi Neijing was delivered to the hands of masters (doctors), and not in the hands of people with higher education, which could evaluate the philosophy of medical exercises, as well as government and religious aspects. This unsuccessful situation was later fixed by Emperor Renzone (reigned 1021-63) the next Song dynasty (960-1279).
Byan Qiao
The first outstanding physician after the three emperors was Bian Qiao, who lived over 2,000 years after Juandi. The date of birth Bian Qiao is unclear, but it is believed that in the first years of the VCE V century. Although some facts are known about his life, Bian Qiao is also a rather mythical figure. Herodotus China Sim Qian (about 145-87 years old) wrote a long biography of him, modern authors wrote about his cure, and it is assumed that several books are written to them.According to one story, Bian Qiau managed the hotel when he was a young man. One of the senior residents of the Chang Sanjun Hotel recognized the unconditional qualities of Bian Qiao and decided to make a younger man with his medical heir. Chang Sanjun said Bian Qiao, that he can have his medical secrets if he swore not to disclose them to others. When Bian Qiao agreed, Chang Sanjun handed a book and a few herbs. Bian Tsyo had to take herbs in a special fluid for 30 days, and then he will be able to understand all the secrets of nature. Immediately after the indication of his Chang Sanjun disappeared. Biaan Qiao carefully followed the instructions, and at the end of 30 days he discovered that he not only understood the secrets of nature, but he could see through the human body. It is reasonable, he retained this ability for himself and publicly received his information about the patient's internal work, carefully following the pulse.
Many wonderful heals and predictions were attributed to Biana Qiao. When Great Zhao Jianzi was unconscious for five days, officials sent for Bian Qiao, who accurately predicted that Zhao would recover within three days. When it happened, Biana Qiao was given 6500 acres of land as a reward. Once, when he traveled through Gu, Bianz Qiao heard that the prince died. Going straight to the gate of the Palace, Bianz Qiao was looking for detailed information. What he heard, wake up Bian Qiao to say that he can return the prince to life. He diagnosed his catalepsy, and his assistant applied Moxa and acupuncture to several points, and received applause of the collected crowd, when, indeed, the life of the prince was restored.
The processing of Biana Qiao Marquis Qi Juan from the ancient state qi serves as a warning fairy tale. During lunch with Marquis Bian Tsyo, he told him that he had a hidden illness to be treated immediately. Marquis replied that he, of course, was not sick. Five days later, Biaan Qiao saw Marquis again and told him that the disease penetrated into blood. Marquis replied, saying that he was not only good, but also becomes rather irritated. Five days later, Bian Qiao said Marquis that the disease is in the stomach and intestines, but he received the same answer. After another five days, Biana Qiao again entered the presence of Marquis, but this time the doctor said nothing and left the room. His action was upset by Marquis, who immediately sent the messenger to get an explanation of this strange behavior. Byan Qiao responded with destructive logic:
Marquis fell ill in five days, as Bian Qiao predicted, and soon died. This story is an excellent example of a Chinese accent on prophylactic or early treatment, and not attempts to cure the disease on its advanced stages.
Bian Qiao wrote a popular Nanjing ("Hard Classic"), from which information about the diagnostic methods was later included in Huangdi Neijing. It also included measurements and various organs taken from corpses. One of the main battles Bian Qiao was against superstitions. He tried to instruct medical and laity, wherever he went. One of its most frequently quoted aphorisms was: "The case is incurable, if you believe in sorcerers, and not in doctors."
Biana Qiao was considered by many as the most knowledgeable user of pulse knowledge, although Van Swash, who lived 750 years later, is usually considered the main authority in this particularly Chinese medical subject. Whatever the mixture of the myth and the fact in the life of this great doctor, the highest compliment that could be paid to the Chinese doctor was called His "Live Bian Qiao".
Great practitioners
Zhang ZhongjinChinese Hippocrates, Zhang Zhongjin, flourished by the end of the II century. He wrote an important book on nutrition, but he reached his greatest glory in the treatise on the abdominal title and other fevers, about the work, which was highly appreciated in the East as long as Galen's work from Pergamum, were popular in the West. Zhang clearly described the abdominal title and recommended to use only a few powerful drugs for treatment. Preparations were to be used one at a time, and then significantly moved from shotgun recipes. Zhang stated that cool baths are also an important part of the treatment, the idea that was not used for 1,700 years, while the Scottish physician James Kerry did not advance it in his famous treatise on feverity therapy.
Zhang paid close attention to physical signs, symptoms, good and the flow of the disease, and he carefully recorded the results obtained from any drugs that he appointed. Zhang rightly stood for the dignity and responsibility of the medical profession, and this attitude in combination with his close observation powers made it easy to understand why he became known as his Greek medical ancestor. In the XVI and XVII centuries, there was a strong revival of his teachings and practices.
Hua Tuo.
Huangdi Neijing Huangdi devotes just a minute space for the operation. Chinese doctors in early periods believed that the operation was the last instance, and little time was spent on training or description of surgical methods. What an operation was completed, as a rule, was carried out by a lower class of a medical worker. However, at the beginning of the 3rd century, the Surgeon named Hua Tuo began to change Chinese surgery. Being a young man, Hua Tuo traveled and read wide. Probably, he first became interested in medicine, trying to help countless soldiers who were injured in many wars of this cruel period.
As a young Surgeon Hua Tuo believed in simplicity, using only a few recipes and several glasses for acupuncture. Using the drug hemp and wine, he was able to make his patients insensitive to pain. Thus, Hua Tuo was the first-standing of anesthetics, although some say that Bian Qiao used them. He was engaged in a wide range of surgical procedures, including laparotomy (incision into the abdominal cavity), removal of affected fabrics and even partial splenectomy (removal of the spleen). For the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, the favorite procedure of Hua Tuo was to dissect the internal organs and wash them inside. It was probably even performed through the anastomoses (connections) of the intestine, although it is not known which substance he used for the seams.
From the stories about Hua Tuo, perhaps the apocryphah, is that General Guandy, one of the great military heroes of that time, which in the end became God of war, arrived in Hua Tuo because of an arrow in his hand, which became poorly infected . The surgeon prepared to give his patient a regular analgesic drink, but General Guandi laughed contemptively and called for a blackboard and stones for the game. While Hua Tuo cleared the flesh and bone from infection and restored the wound, Guandy and one of his military satellites calmly coped with her game.
Surgery, although his main interest was just one of the goals of Hua Tuo. He was engaged in hydrotherapy, and he was engaged in innovative work in physiotherapy. His series of exercises, known as the sharpness of the five animals in which the patient sipped the movements of a tiger, a deer, a bear, monkeys and birds, was well known and widely accepted.
End of life Hua Tuo is hidden in the fog of conflicting and dubious stories. The likely set of them forced him to be late, becoming a court doctor of Cao Cao, the King of Wei. The surgeon temporarily freed the ruler from dizziness acupuncture. When the king asked him to do something to eliminate this annoyance forever, Hua Tuo said that he would have to cut the royal skull. Cao Cao's wife was in favor of the operation in desperate hope, but the king began to suspect that his enemies bribed Hua Tuo to kill him. In the attack of rage, perhaps caused by these healing pains, the king made the surgeon to be in prison and execute. The main book of Hua Tuo "Cinnan-Shu" (the book "Blue Bag") was burned either by a jailer who wanted to remove all traces of the prisoner or wife of the surgeon, acting in accordance with the wishes of Hua Tuo, expressed before he was imprisoned .
Hua Tuo earned his place as the greatest surgeon in China's history. Unfortunately, the destruction of his Scriptures and the Confucian dogma against the injury of the human body combined in order to prevent the growth of surgery, which may have followed the life of such a wonderful pioneer.
Wang Swash and Pulse
Since medicine was much more important than surgery in China's history, the diagnosis was of great importance. Although the early Chinese doctor with caution examined the patient's skin color in different key points and noted any other external signs, it basically used a pulse for diagnosis. Indeed, the study of the pulse was one of the main practitioners of the doctor who listened to the almost endless diversity of sounds and rhythms. Classical work in this area was Maijing (The Pulse Classics), which was written by Van Swash. Van also wrote an important comment about Neakjin Juandi, but his works above the impulse is what raised him to the highest rank of the Chinese physician. In Huangdi Neijing itself, you can find a statement "Nothing exceeds the pulse check."
In principle, the doctor had three places on each wrist on which it should determine the quality and number of pulse. The place closest to his hand was known as "CUN" ("in."), The middle position was Guan ("Bar"), and one of the most remote from the hand was called Hee ("elbow"). Yin, representing the right and janner left side, the right pulse of a woman pointed to the mess and her left order of the pulse; The opposite is intended for a person.
The doctor not only reads three different impulses on each wrist, but also reads each pulse on two levels. For example, on the left wrist, when the inches slightly pressed, the pulse pointed to the state of the small intestine; With a strong press, heart. The rod closed slightly, indicated the state of the gallbladder, and with strong pressing - the liver; And the elbow, slightly pressed, pointed out the condition of the bladder, strongly compressed, kidney. The right wrist had their own relationship with body bodies.
The actual impulses were further divided into seven BIA ("surface") and eight lithium ("sunken") pulses. What could designate these impulses? To take only one example, seven surface pulses per inch may indicate, among other things: (1) pain and heat in the middle area of \u200b\u200bthe body and in the head; (2) Blood accumulation in the chest; (3) belching and; (4) unbearable heat in the chest; (5) severe pain in the chest; (6); and (7) heat in the chest. Although for Western minds, these varieties and relationships may seem complex or ridiculous, the Chinese doctor trained with pulse knowledge can achieve some remarkable diagnoses.
Ultimate period
In addition to the three emperors, as well as doctors, such as Bian Qiao, Zhang Zhongjin, Hua Tuo and Wang Swash, other people made one contribution to essential for Chinese medicine. GE Hong (III century), in the recipes directory for emergencies, gave a clear and detailed description of the Shaw. Achieving Ge Hong occurred in almost six centuries to al-time (Rhazes), the Great Persian physician generally gave tribute to the first description of this deadly disease. Approximately 700 years after Geong Hong, the practice of inoculation against smallpox rose from a rather foggy background. Presumably, the inoculation was brought to China or a spiritual old woman or a sacred doctor. This man lived on the mountain and began to practice, using chests that were dried, crushed into powder and inserted into the nostrils. The method applies and significantly reduces mortality.
From time to Van Swash, in the third century until the middle of the XVI century. Chinese doctors devoted most of their efforts to compile massive encyclopedias and writing comments for classic works. In 1644, official rites for worshiping ancient doctors were installed at the Cinghuway Palace near the College of Imperial Doctors in Beijing (Beijing). These rituals were celebrated in spring and autumn for many years.
When Portuguese Bishop Balchior Carneiro founded the Hospital of St. Rafael in the 16th century near Guangzhou (Canton), preliminary medical communication began between East and West. As Western Medicine gradually moved deeper in the country, some Chinese began to believe that everything in Western medicine is scientific and good, and therefore better than traditional medicine used in China. Despite the appearance of a doctor again, Sun Yat-sen, as the ruler of the country, this belief in Western medicine continued to grow at the expense of domestic medicine. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, interest in TKM was resumed, and by the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, TCM was practiced not only in China, but also in all countries of the world.
Traditional Chinese medicine is one of the most ancient sciences in the world. There is a few millennia. Recently, many of the principles of treatment of Eastern medicine are of interest and are actively used in the practice of many modern clinics.
It has long been noticed that the inhabitants of China are distinguished by their striking health and longevity. They look younger than their years, as well as surprised by their harmony.
Methods of Chinese medicine
The problem of excess weight in China faces much less frequently than in the West countries, where the problem of overweight is very relevant. In Chinese medicine there are techniques that are successfully used for weight loss.
China's medicine is radically different from the traditional
The main methods of Eastern Medicine used in the complex of getting rid of extra mass:
- acupuncture;
- massage;
- diet;
- herbs;
- exercises.
The essence of acupuncture lies in the effects of certain points in the body that are responsible for the digestive and metabolism. As a result of the procedure there is a decrease in appetite, the metabolism and general well-being are improved.
Massage used for weight loss is called a point massage. The principle of its is the same as when acupuncture - the impact on certain points. Points of mechanical exposure on the body there are a lot of about three hundred.
Diet in Chinese medicine, as well as in the West, is selected taking into account the characteristics of the body. Diets of food choices are different, as well as in Eastern medicine, the use of various seasonings and spices, which in China a great set are very common.
The purpose of using herbs for weight loss in Chinese medicine - Not so much weight loss, how much elimination of the cause causeing obesity. Chinese herbs have a general health effect on the entire body, including a considerable degree on the organs of the digestive system.
Exercises in the Chinese weight loss technique are given a special role. All the well-known Chinese gymnastics qigong has a lot in common with yoga. Gymnastics is characterized by a slow pace with smooth movements and mandatory respiratory control. As a result of the exercise, the supply of brain oxygen, as well as all organs of the body, is removed, the muscle tension is removed, efficiency increases.
The foundations of Chinese medicine are now used in many clinics in various fields of medicine. There are specialized centers of Chinese medicine, where treatment is based on traditional oriental techniques, aimed primarily on the impact of the initial cause of the disease and the overall healing of the body.
The most commonly addressed to the centers of Eastern Medicine to solve problems:
- musculoskeletal system;
- of cardio-vascular system;
- endocrine system;
- nervous system.
Chinese medicine clinics
Often, methods and methods of treatment in these centers helps to successfully cope with problems that are under treatment in traditional European clinics.
However, this applies only to professional medical clinics where real highly qualified specialists work with considerable experience. The ranking of the best clinics can be traced on sites with the theme of traditional East medicine.
When choosing a clinic for treatment, you need to pay attention to the following points:
The preparations of Chinese medicine occupy a special place in traditional East medicine. The main components are medicinal plants, natural minerals, as well as some animal products.
Modern technologies allow you to create highly efficient preparations for treatment based on the ancient traditional Chinese recipes. Preparations are produced in a variety of finished forms - powders, tablets, pills. The guaranteed quality of Chinese medicine preparations is ensured by the highest culture of their production certified by international standards.
Chinese medicine is a combination of science and philosophy. Since ancient times in the East, it was believed that health is easier to keep the smalod than trying to restore it later. Therefore, in China since childhood, they teach to comply with the rules of Chinese medicine to preserve and promote health. Exposure from an ancient Chinese treatise reported to our times 16 rules of Chinese medicine. In detail with the rules can be found, finding them on sites with Chinese medical topics.
These are the advice of Chinese medicine based on the experience of successful healing over several millennia, which have come down to this day without losing their relevance.
The fulfillment of the Soviets of Chinese Folk Medicine will improve their physical condition, to improve the psychological state. Part of these rules refers to recommendations:
- be smiley and friendly
- less talk, more think
- worry less to do
- develop the power of Um
Also, the rules provide recommendations regarding moderation in everything, compliance with clothing season of the year, personal hygiene. Each rule is filled with wisdom, imbued with eastern philosophy. Nothing new tips do not open, almost all of them are known since childhood. But in Chinese philosophy these rules are systematized, each rule has a clear explanation.
The basics and methods of Chinese medicine often have cardinal differences from the usual ways of treating Western medicine. Despite this, there is no doubt about the effectiveness of diagnosis, the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of diseases by the methods of traditional East medicine.
Best time for classes
Chinese folk medicine
No country is famous for such a number of wellness systems as China. Many of them are so ancient that they reached us only thanks to the legends. In the ancient Chinese monasteries, numerous teachings about the universe and about the place in her man were created.
One of these systems that have come down to us from the depths of the centuries that originated in the depths of the monastic monastery is the "Chjud-Shi" system.
The followers of this ancient technique did not just know how to cure from the disease, they knew how to expect a person to live, not knowing even that such a disease. It is important to note that the language of Tibetan monks did not contain such a concept as "the disease".
The origins of Chinese medicine are lost in the depths of the centuries. Written works that first summarized the experience of preceding generations on the use of methods for diagnosing diseases and their treatment, dated U-W centuries. BC e.
The theory of Chinese medicine is most fully and clearly set out in the books of Hu-An Di Tszen, "Nan Dzen", Shang Han Lun, "Zen Gui Yao Lui", "Wen Yi Lun".
The most ancient ideas and concepts persisted, but at the same time, in the next centuries, Chinese medicine developed further, perceived new ideas.
Already in II century. BC er, along with the collection of medicinal plants, the ancient Chinese treatises on medicine allocate other treatment options: gymnastic exercises, baths, compresses, massages.
In the Medical Book V c. There are already 360 substances of both vegetable and mineral and animal origin, which can be used to treat various diseases.
The medicine of the ancient China is primarily philosophy, and not familiar to the European person, but much more ancient than European civilization, oriental philosophy with concepts and metaphors inherent in the eastern warehouse of thinking.
Exercises or recipes for health of ancient China are quite varied. But they have a solid foundation - solid knowledge and ideas about the structure of the human body and the basic principles of its functioning.
The philosophy of Taoism laid the basic principles of medicine of ancient China.
The peculiarity of Chinese medicine was its approach to the human body as part of the universe and even the model of the universe, and complex physiological processes, in it occurring, were interpreted as natural phenomena in the surrounding world.
The human body is an integral part of the cosmos. All processes, the whole life of a person is constantly under the influence of the forces of the surrounding nature.
The ancient Chinese wise men believed that the world initially was chaos consisting of the smallest particles they called qi.
Initially, these particles existed in the form of a solid shapeless mass, which was then subjected to a separation process, sowing.
Chi (or qi), according to the principles of Eastern, and in particular Chinese, medicine - vital energy that is inherent in every living organism, and each body, each person has different energy potential. Partially it is determined by genetic memory, heredity.
But at the same time, it largely depends on the lifestyle and thoughts of a person, on what way the person will choose, from the ability to harmoniously coexist, interact with the world around, find its place, orientate in space and time.
Nature is an indivisible single system, including polar, but complementary aspects of Yin and Yang. They are subject to constant transformations while in constant motion.
If all the components of nature are balanced, then life flows in harmony. If the equilibrium of polar forces is broken, then the catastrophe is inevitably.
It is important to maintain this balance of forces in nature, so for many centuries, the philosophers have observed and studied nature, tried to comprehend her secret and secrets of interaction with her.
So, according to the canons of traditional Eastern medicine, a person can remain healthy.
Man is a small space, and it obeys the same laws, and the influence of which he is susceptible to the same. Therefore, if a person does not own the art of maintaining equilibrium and integrity, if it is not capable of adapting to any changed condition, this general violation is poured into the disease.
In Eastern Medicine, it is important to know the laws of the functioning of the world, it is possible to gain personal harmony in the context of the whole.
Of course, modern traditional Eastern medicine does not correlate with modern canons of scientific and evidence-based medicine, which gives rise to a modern person in distrust of her. It is surrounded by myths and legends, full of secrets and mysteries, and it is not surprising that many consider it an eccentric quantity.
But at the same time it should be noted that Chinese medicine is an independent holistic system, which includes the theory of the occurrence and development of diseases, and methods of their diagnosis, and of course the methods of treatment.
The worldview, inherent in the ancient Chinese medicine, is significantly different from the West in general and from the modern West in particular.
The medicine of ancient China helps people have no longer one thousand years old, it undoubtedly withstood the test of time. Probably, it should be treated first of all as a philosophy as a special worldview covering all aspects of human existence.
The special approach of Chinese medicine is important to the human body as a single indivisible whole, where every individual body is part of the system, and the vital activity of a separate cell is the reflection of the vital activity of the entire body.
Prevention of diseases has always had the most important meaning for Chinese medicine. The idea of \u200b\u200bpreventing disease was in the veryest medical art of ancient China. The prevention of diseases in Chinese medicine is given a decisive role. Chinese wise men have already talked about more than two thousand years ago about what scientific medicine began to speak only in the middle of the XX century.
Treatment in Chinese medicine is aimed at strengthening the body and prevent possible diseases.
For a Chinese doctor, it was important to suspect the predisposition of a person to any disease, to identify the disease in the earliest stages of its development, when the use of the most simple methods of treatment (appointment of a diet, the development of certain rules of human behavior, massage, etc.) allowed a person to stay Healthy.
The approach to treatment in the ancient Chinese doctors was similar to modern. At first, the treatment was symptomatic - starting to treat the patient, the doctors of the ancient China were preparing primarily the main symptoms of the disease, those that were most disturbed by the patient, and tried to treat them. After facilitating the condition of the patient, the doctor tried to treat the "root" of the disease. This was the purpose of treatment. Therefore, sometimes the treatment lasted for a long time, despite the fact that the patient already felt healthy.
At the heart of the infinity of the universe and its integrity, there is a continuous chain of transformations, mutual transitions of one substance to another. In the context of this provision, any live matter passes certain stages of existence: birth, development, flourishing, aging, dying, transformation.
The qualities of Yin or Yang Ancient give every thing, any process, any phenomenon, all the properties of a certain subject or body. At the heart of the whole - the ratio of these two began. Yin cannot exist separately from Yang: they form one dynamic unity. The unity and counteraction of Yin and Yang determines the solid relationship between them. Any change and development of things is due to the eternal desire to displacing each other. This is the fundamental driving force of nature. Light and darkness, suffering and pleasure, physicality and intimators, excitation and braking are just a few examples of such an interaction of the opposites Yin and Yang.
Yin and Yang have a wide, comprehensive meaning. It is well known that under Yin understand the dark feminine beginning, under Yang - the beginning is bright, male. Yin is always weakness, instability. Yang is hardness and power. Yin corresponds to the Northeast and the North-West, winter cold, moon, the right side, at night, the bottom, the incension, the severity, rest and blood. Yang - southeast and southwest, summer, fire, sun, left side, day, riding, ease, outer tissues, movement and energy. In Yin and Yang are hills or rivers, only Yin - "Shadow Slope", and Yang - "Light, Sunny Slope"
Yin and Yang are completely opposite to each other, but thanks to their close interaction and there is the whole world. They are mutually satisfied with each other, intertwined with each other, give birth to five primary elements, or elements: water, fire, metal, wood and earth.
Absolutely all things and phenomena have two opposite, who complement each other side - Yin and Yang. In each phenomenon, two characters are reflected. In Chinese traditional philosophy - sunlight, heat and movement have Yang-character, and night, rain, cold and peace - yin-character.
Yin and Yang an integral part of all phenomena in the world, they develop and interrelated with each other in development, their equilibrium is the basis of life - varies depending on certain conditions according to general laws.
Yin and Yang make up the essence of the sky and land, the pattern of ten thousand things, this is the father and the mother of each change, the beginning and the end of life and death. It also says that yin is inside and is the rod yang. Yang is outside and is a messenger Yin.
The main rule of Chinese medicine says: "If Yang retreats, Yin increases, and if Yin retreats, an increase in Yang". The laws of Yin - Yang can also be applied to the structure and functions of the human body. Yin means the material components of the body, and Yang is its functions. Yin and Yang are not static, they are constantly changing, but at the same time they constantly complement each other. Physiological laws, such as the law of the emergence of organs of organs (Yang), are based on both the consumption of food (Yin). Thus, the equilibrium Yang and Yin in the body as a result of metabolism is achieved in motion (power) and so on.
Yin and Yang can move into each other, turn into their own opposite. This process characterizes not only quantitative changes, but also high-quality. The rule of turning Yin and Yang on ancient Chinese medicine explains the change in the symptoms of diseases. Signs Yang can go into signs Yin.
The symptom of Yang turns into a symptom of Yin, when, for example, with acute infectious diseases of fevering states, if the body's resistance is completely exhausted, it is turned into a decrease in body temperature.
Unity Yin - Yang binds various parts of the body and human organs in both functional and morphological sense. But the ancient Chinese sources also testify that the upper part of the human body refers to Yang, and the lower - Yin. Also in topographic relations, the body surface refers to Yang, the insides - to Yin.
According to the same principle, each internal body is considered, each body has its own yin and yang.
Even a person himself, with the whole set of his individual characteristics, can relate to Yin or Yang type. True, not always the compliance is complete. Most often, those or other, yin or yansk, trends are dominated in man. The more Yin, the less Yang, and vice versa.
The whole set of physiological processes is in interdependence. The foundations of the physiological functions of the body are the foundations of the interaction of Yin and Yang. Therefore, the whole life of a person is inextricably linked with Yin and Yang.
For example, fluid in the human body is consumed under the influence of external or internal factors, that is, fluids (yin) becomes less, and the state of emptiness and heat (yang) occurs.
Chronic diseases from the position of Chinese medicine are explained by the overall devastation of the body, simultaneously weakening both aspects of life (Yin and Yang). Yin and Yang in this case are in the state of emptiness.
The result of this approach is the separation, classification of all diseases, pathological processes and painful states for two main large groups - Jan-symptoms and yin symptoms.
Balance Yin - Yang can be considered as a phenomenon of home-state. Providing harmony, restoration of impaired equilibrium (homeostasis), maintaining the protective forces and the reactivity of the body - the main goal of treatment in Eastern medicine. And this, it should be noted, it is quite related to the European theory of maintaining homeostasis and homeokinesis.
Modern medicine offers, as you know, an integration approach to the human body, i.e., consideration of the private phenomena of the human body in the context of the whole organism. It is this approach that the ancient Chinese concept Yin - Yang. The Chinese doctor does not consider the disease of the individual or even the system of the organ - for him it is malfunctions in the whole body.
Chinese doctors distinguish four basic types of such violations:
1) an excess Yang with Yin lack;
2) the lack of Yang with Yin excess;
3) an excess Yang and Yin at the same time;
4) lack Yang and Yin at the same time.
Moreover, in the same person in some organs there may be surplus yin or yang, which enhanced the appropriate diseases, pathological processes, and in others - the disadvantage, also manifested in the form of diseases.
You can cure a person, only restoring the lost balance, but you can do it, adding or removing Yang or Yin.
In addition, it is important to note that there is no such phenomenon in which there would be an absolute yin or absolute yang. Each phenomenon is necessarily present both.
A person - a totality of two began, their close weave and interaction, from which all the features of vital activity, physiology, character, all talents and inclinations, strength and weakness.
All Chinese medicine, both scientific and practical, all the disciplines that it includes: pathology, anatomy, physiology, clinical diagnosis and treatment - everything is subordinated to this multifaceted model, which is also referred to as the principle of harmony and equilibrium. This principle is especially important in preventive medicine, as it allows you to predict and prevent many diseases.
Diagnosis of diseases in Chinese traditional medicine is built on the basis of six guidelines that cover all type pathological processes of the human body. These principles: Surface (BSA) and the inside (Yui), cold (Han) and heat (HE), emptiness (Hu) and fullness (Shi). The surface, heat and fullness are manifestations of Yang, the inner part, cold and emptiness - Yin.
Inspection, listening, survey and feeling - traditional techniques used in modern European medicine. At the same time, these are the four basic methods of diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine. For a Chinese doctor, these techniques give all the necessary patient information.
This information is generalized in the future based on the same eight guidelines.
The main rule of the ancient Chinese therapy is "In case of yang diseases, yin should be involved in treating the yin, and during Yin diseases should be involved to treat Yang," "It is necessary to strengthen the dominance of water to suppress the benefits of Yang. It is necessary to improve the source of fire in order to eliminate its suppression from Yin. "
The diagnosis of a Chinese doctor may sound enough: "The emptiness of Yin kidney" or "Yang liver rises upstairs." But in this diagnosis, the very essence of treatment is laid, it will respectively will be aimed at the addition of Yin kidneys or to reduce yang liver, that is, the meaning of treatment is to balance Yin and Yang, and the form of therapeutic impact has already been laid in the diagnosis itself.
An individual approach is an important feature of Chinese medicine, it has been preserved to the present, which is important.
If a weak person, feeling constant fatigue, suddenly illes a cold, then treatment of a patient after eliminating symptoms in Chinese medicine aims to eliminate the predisposition to colds.
In ancient Chinese medicine there were a number of principles on which treatment was carried out.
In addition, the principle of "treatment should go from the opposite". This principle was agreed with the concept of Yin - Yang. Under Jan-Diseases (fullness), it was assumed to influence the body soothing, with yin-illness (emptiness) - exciting.
In addition to the concepts of Yin - Yang in ancient Chinese medicine, there was another principle of treatment of ancient Eastern medicine - the "BU-CE" rule. This can be translated into Russian how to "add - take away". "BU" means: to fill, excite, toning, and "se" - release, slow down, sedate, dispel.
When a disease or pathological process is associated with a decrease in the function (energy deficiency in the meridian) - it is necessary "bu", which means adding energy, to have an exciting effect. When pathology is accompanied by an increased function (excess energy in the meridian), it is necessary to influence the "CE", which means to take energy, to have a braking effect.
In scientific medicine, these processes are designated as arousal and braking.
Whatever treatment method is applied, it always complies with these basic principles.
The basis of any vital activity is energy. The body is an energetically open system that carries out a constant exchange of energy with an external environment. The functioning of the body is closely associated with the energy coming from the outside.
Energy can be represented as a flow of charged particles. There are constant interactions between the organism and the external environment, constant interactions proceed between individual organs and systems of the body. From the point of view of ancient Chinese medicine, this is possible due to the existence in the body of energy channels, through which it is possible to exchange.
The whole organism can be divided into 12 successively located, combined into a single structure of meridians, or channels (Jinglo). These Meridians are paired, they are symmetrically oriented relative to the plane, which divides the body to the right and left half. One of these branches is functionally more active. The meridians passing through the entire body include the rendered and convergent meridians.
In addition, each channel-meridian corresponds to a certain organ or system of the body. There are meridians of all individual organs: lungs, stomach, heart, kidneys, etc.
The energy entering the body from the outside, circulates in a large circle. Within 24 hours, it passes through all organs. The sequence of this circulation is strictly defined: it starts with the meridian of the lungs, then goes to the meridian of the colon, stomach, spleen, pancreas, heart, small intestine, bladder, kidneys, pericardium, three parts of the body, gallbladder, liver. Having done a complete circle for 24 hours, the energy returns to the lungs.
It is known for the presence of biologically active points in the human body (BAT). They are located on energy channels. These points pass strictly along the lines that stretch from the head to the tips of the fingers and legs. Energy channels are laid from point to point. But the therapeutic effect has an impact on any BAT, but only related. Related points are responsible for any impact on their energy channel organized.
Some BAT are disposed of not only on these clear lines. Some of them are scattered throughout the body chaotically, but such BAT is also important in treatment. These points refer to smaller energy structures of the body.
It is these BAT lines that are in the body conductors of various energy in their nature. Therefore, it is they control the various processes of vital activity. Ultimately, they allow you to install harmony yin and yang and five first elements within the body.
Of course, the meridians of different people are not devoid of individual features, but the points of activity (Xue) of the meridian are equally the same and associated with certain objects. The number of points Xue canonical, it is accurately defined and forwarded with thousand-year practices.
Xue is the point of activity of the meridian, the site, affecting which one can affect the activity of the entire energy of the meridian, and therefore, to influence specific functions that depend on the energy of this point. Impacting on points, doctors sought a certain therapeutic effect.
For Eastern Medicine, health is primarily an equilibrium, balance, ability to maintain and maintain it, despite the influence of the external environment, on the action of irritants. Any disease means the impossibility of such adaptation. If adaptation is broken, the body's protective forces weaken, reserves are depleted.
The system of the human body includes four levels: physical body, meridional system, emotions and psyche. The lowest level is under the influence of the highest.
Very often, the disease originates in the depths of the mind, and then being implemented on the material level. At the same time, any physical body disease causes certain impairment at the level of psyche and emotions.
In all important harmony. If there is a harmony of the highest levels, then it will also be at the lower levels.
The integrity of the whole organism is the most important principle of Chinese medicine.
A number of major approaches to treating diseases in Chinese medicine can be distinguished.
1. Treat the main thingi.e. find the root of the disease, reveal the causes and pathogenesis. In Chinese medicine, ordinary and reverse treatment, main and secondary, fast and slow, are distinguished. These approaches allow you to find the essence of the disease and cure it.
2. Strengthen the body's resistance in order to increase the resistance to pathogenic factors:immunity increase.
3. Restore balancei.e. the balance between Yin and Yang, redundancy and exhaustion, streamlining the course of qi when it is reverse.
4. Show flexibilityit is impossible to judge the disease, not knowing the patient; It is impossible to treat only the disease, and you need to treat the patient himself, take into account the treatment of many different factors (the Constitution of the Human, its age, the floor, as well as time, climate, geographical conditions and other specific circumstances). To achieve a better result, treatment must approach a specific person.
Basic treaties used in traditional Chinese medicine:
1) phytotherapy, treatment with medicinal herbs, drugs from environmentally friendly vegetable raw materials;
2) acupuncture;
3) moxibustion with cigars;
4) bloodletting in biologically active points;
5) Tibetan baths consisting of five types of herbs, highly efficient with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, skin, nervous system, etc. are also used to extend the body's youth;
6) Health gymnastics U-Shu, Qi-Gong;
7) unloading and dietary therapy;
8) Chinese Tuin Medicine Massage. It is characterized by force and depth of exposure and is well combined with acupuncture;
9) GUA Sha (exposure to individual areas of the skin with a special scraper);
10) Stop massage;
11) therapeutic banks;
12) Biologically active additives (dietary supplements).
The famous scientist, the Chinese doctor of the Qing Dynasty Chen Zhunlin proposed eight methods of treatment used to this day: a piling, vomit, laxative, conciliatory, warming, cleansing, and tonic.
1. Powerboard method:it is the use of sharp and bitter medicines that facilitate the release of sweat through the skin pores; This removes the surface pathogenic factor, the so-called inner. The method is effective for colds.
2. Cleansing method:the use of cold and cooling drugs for the treatment of fever and hyperthermia, treatment, preserving fluid of the body, but removing poisonous substances and "pathogenic fire" helps during yin depletion. The method has antibacterial, antiviral, anti-leptospyrosal effect; It enhances the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, increases immunity; Some drugs also strengthen the heart, reduce blood pressure, act as a diuretic.
With caution, it should be used this method to people with weak health, if insufficient, in incomplete and hollow organs, loss of appetite and a liquid chair.
3. Remaining method:use of drugs to remove food accumulation, removal of stagnation and elimination of various elaims in the abdomen. The method is aimed at improving the digestion system. Effective for swollen, stagnant and under seals caused by qi (blood, sputter and food).
The following treatments are usually applied:
1) elimination of undigested food with gastric tools. It is used for scrawls, vomiting, belching, acid belch caused by damage due to overeating;
2) resorption of solid seals and clusters. It is used to remove dense formations of any origin in the abdomen, various edema, hepatoslenomega-li, as well as seals in the pelvic region;
3) improving the movement of qi and blood circulation: it is used for pains, edema due to blood stagnation, chest pains, algo-menorine and amenorrhea caused by staging of qi and blood;
4) swelling: applied at eats caused by disruption of the function qi and the absence of diuresis, as well as with the weakness of the lower extremities;
5) Elimination of inflammation: It is used when a fluid delay, zob, tuberculosis of bones and joints, epilepsy;
6) Massage of carbuncles.
4. Firming method (tonization):used to treat deficiency. Toning, depending on the type of insufficiency, is divided into several types:
1) Strengthening qi: It is used in the insufficiency of spleen and lungs, shortness of breath and weakness, poor appetite and a liquid chair, or the fraud of the uterus and the rectum caused by the insufficiency of qi;
2) blood strengthening: It is used in symptoms associated with blood failure, such as dim-yellow complexion, pale lips and tongue, dizziness and heartbeat, poor menstruation in women;
3) Strengthening yin: It is used for insufficient Yin, weight loss from heat type, dry mouth and throat, feeling heat in palms and soles, irritability and insomnia, night sweats, pollutions;
4) Strengthening Yang: It is used in insufficiency Yang, cooling the bottom of the body, ranging from the lower back, weaknesses in the lower limbs, the stuffing in the region below the navel, with a frequent urination, a liquid chair, disgusting to cold and cool the limbs or impotence and early seeds.
Currently, Chinese medicine is of great interest among doctors of various specialties. She again acquires great importance in the medical world, in modern medical science, which allows you to explain many phenomena.
From the book History of Medicine author E. V. Bachilina
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