The category of enriched products includes: Specialized products for children, pregnant and lactating women, athletes, the elderly, people of extreme professions: submariners, climbers, cosmonauts, etc. Specialized foods are developed for healthy people with certain physiological needs related to the functional state organism or lifestyle. Specialized baby foods include products for artificial nutrition and complementary foods that are necessary to ensure the full physical and mental development of the child, especially when there is insufficient breastfeeding. Products for pregnant women, nursing mothers, the elderly are designed to ensure appropriate adjustment of their physiological status. Specialized products are also an essential element of nutrition for athletes, extreme activities, accompanied by high energy consumption, hypoxia, physical and psycho-emotional stress. At the same time, there is an increased need of the body for energy, food, essential and minor substances, which are problematic to compensate with conventional traditional products. Therapeutic and prophylactic products - products for people working in hazardous industries, living in environmentally unfavorable conditions, having certain diseases or predisposed to them (diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, etc.). Food products intended for therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition are dietary foods (SanPin 2.3.2.1078-01). Dietary foods can be used by healthy people for the prevention of nutritionally-dependent diseases, etc. Functional foods are foods that contain ingredients that benefit human health by improving many physiological processes in the body. Designed for healthy people and risk groups. In a sense, the term “functional foods” can be misleading, because almost all foods — whether they contain additional ingredients or not — affect health, providing the body with calories, essential and minor substances, and can be attributed to this categories. Additional (functional) ingredients that give functional properties to products should be: beneficial to health; safe, natural, do not reduce the nutritional value, taken orally. The size and level of intake of functional ingredients must have a medical approval. At present, in the EU and the USA there is a provision that functional foods, having the ability to improve health, do not have to meet the full medical requirements. A common feature of fortified foods is that traditional foods are used as a carrier (base). Enriched products are numerous, the most often enriched the following products: Bread and cereals. - carotene. Breakfast cereals, crunchy cornflakes, instant porridge enrich the macro-and micronutrients of vegetable, animal, mineral and synthetic origin. Rice and other cereals are saturated with vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide). Functional cereal products reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, reduce cholesterol levels, and have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract. -Carotene. Production of vitamin-mineral premixes, iodine-containing additives, and water-soluble and fat-soluble preparations has been launched.
Russia has developed formulations and technologies for the production of bread, bakery and cereals, enriched with B vitamins, iron, calcium, iodine, Milk and dairy products
Milk is a source of high-grade protein, rich in calcium, contains a fairly complete set of vitamins, but their content is unstable and unbalanced. It is rich in vitamins A, B 2, and PP, and the content of vitamins C, B 1 deficient in the diet of Russians and folic acid in it is much lower. Daily dose of vitamin. C and folic acid can be obtained with only 3-5 liters of milk, and to fully provide the body with vitamin B 1, it is necessary to consume milk from 4 to 12 liters (Shatnyuk LN, 2000).
The functional properties of dairy products can be enhanced by adding vitamins (A, D, E, beta carotene), minerals (magnesium, iron, iodine, fluorine), as well as dietary fiber (pectin), microorganisms. Dairy products with the prefix "bio" contain living cells of bifidobacteria or bifidogenic factors. Yoghurts, cottage cheese, desserts, dairy products are saturated with berries, fruits, vegetables, vitamins, microorganisms, etc. Enriched dairy products can be effective in preventing cardiovascular, gastric, intestinal diseases, osteoporosis and other diseases. Confectionery - Cookies, sweets, chocolate, marshmallows, etc., are enriched with vitamins, microelements, dietary fiber, etc. Soft drinks. This type of food makes up more than 7% of the total daily food intake. Drinks are the most technologically advanced product for the creation of new types of enriched products, since the introduction of new ingredients into them is not very difficult. Drinks enriched with vitamins, microelements, dietary fiber, vegetable components can be used to prevent cardiovascular, gastrointestinal diseases, intoxications, etc.
Fortified drinks include: Healthy drinks. In the market, these drinks are the most popular and are intended for a wide range of people. They are enriched with vitamins, minerals, unsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber. The basis of healthy drinks, as a rule, are water, fruit and vegetable juices, as well as their mixtures. Drinks, nutraceuticals are characterized by increased nutritional value or have a pronounced biological activity. They are necessary for the enrichment of the human diet with additional nutrients, including essential. They improve the processes of digestion, strengthen the protective properties of the body, help strengthen bones and muscles, improve the growth of children, reduce cholesterol levels, promote the removal of heavy metals and toxins. ^ Sports and energy drinks - they energize working muscles, support or improve the body's performance, compensate for fluid loss during exercise. This group of drinks includes both special drinks for professionals, and refreshing light drinks with minerals, designed for a wide range of consumers.
Oil and fat products. This group of enriched products is represented by combined (light) oils and low-fat margarines, mayonnaise with functional ingredients, low-fat butter products (butter and cream pastes, oils with a combined fat phase). Margarine and vegetable oils - the main sources of unsaturated fatty acids - contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. To enhance the functional effect, they can include such ingredients as vitamins A, D, E, some triglycerides, structured lipids. These products with a lower energy value are effective in preventing obesity and in other diseases. Fisheries and non-fish fishing facilities are one of the promising sources of protein and a number of essential nutrients: vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, iodine, etc. To give them additional useful properties, technologies have been developed to incorporate vitamin-mineral premixes and other components into their composition.
Meat products always poor in micronutrients, which has been especially aggravated in recent years. Enrichment with vitamins, microelements, phytocomplexes and other biologically active substances significantly increases their biological value.
Seasonings. Condiment enrichment is a promising direction, since they are constantly used by different groups of the population and make it possible to enrich the products both during the process and after cooking. And this applies to such products in which it is impossible to add additional ingredients in other ways - salads, side dishes, whole meat and fish, etc. Sauces, mayonnaise, salt, salt substitutes, a set of spices and spices make it possible to enrich products with iodine and other trace elements, vitamins, phytocomplex, PUFA and many minor components.
Products enriched
"... 23) fortified foods are foods to which one or more essential ingredients (vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino or fatty acids) and other substances not originally present in it or present in insufficient quantities are added to increase the nutritional value. or lost in the process (at the stage) of production (manufacturing), introduced in order to prevent the disease; ... "
A source:
Of the Government of the Russian Federation of 09.03.2010 N 132 "On mandatory requirements for certain types of products and related design processes (including surveys), production, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal contained in technical regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is a member state of the customs union "
Official terminology. Akademik.ru 2012
See what is "Products enriched" in other dictionaries:
DIETARY PRODUCTS - food products intended for the nutrition of the sick and convalescent (see. Medical nutrition), as well as used in children's nutrition (see). The organization of a network of dietetic canteens and the sale of dietary products to the population enable patients ...
fortified dairy products - Dairy products fortified with vitamins. [GOST 17164 71] Themes proizv. whole milk prod. from cows. milk Technical Translator's Guide
VITAMINIZED FOOD PRODUCTS - Enriched with the most important vitamins (see) foods. They are produced by the food industry in the form of confectionery, a variety of common food or baby food. There are also specially prepared mixtures of various ... ... Brief household encyclopedia
Meat - Different types of meat Meat skeletal transversely striped musculature of an animal with adipose and connective tissues adjacent to it, as well as ... Wikipedia
Healthy food - Eating fresh vegetables and fruits is an important part of a healthy diet. A healthy diet (healthy diet, English ... Wikipedia
Concentration table - apparatus for the separation of particles of minerals smaller than 1 mm, differing in density and sometimes in shape. The initial product in the form of an aqueous suspension is fed to K. p. and flows in a thin layer across the inclined corrugated surface, the so-called. decks. Via… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Hepatitis - (steatosis hepatis, Greek. steatos fat + ōsis; synonym: fatty hepatosis, fatty infiltration, fatty liver, etc.) type of hepatosis, manifested by fatty degeneration of hepatocytes; may be an independent disease or have the character ... ... Medical Encyclopedia
Vitamin deficiency - I Vitamin deficiency is a group of pathological conditions caused by a deficiency in the body of one or several vitamins. Avitaminosis, vitamin deficiencies and subnormal provision of vitamins are distinguished. Avitaminosis is understood practically ... Medical Encyclopedia
Ab Etiproducts Oy - This article is proposed for deletion. Explanation of the reasons and the corresponding discussion can be found on the Wikipedia page: For deletion / December 6, 2012. While the process of discussion ... Wikipedia
FOOD CONCENTRATES - dry mixtures of food products subjected to special processing for quick and easy preparation of food from them. The range of concentrates is very diverse: it includes concentrates of the first, second and sweet dishes, concentrates for ... ... Brief household encyclopedia
Books
- Food Fortification and Dietary Supplements, Editing Editor P. Berry Ottaway. Foods enriched with vitamins, minerals and other additives, as well as dietary supplements are very popular among consumers who care about their health.… Buy for 2978 rub
- Food fortification and dietary supplements. Technology, safety and regulatory framework. Series: Scientific Foundations and Technologies, Editing Editor P. Berry Ottaway. 320 pages. Foods enriched with vitamins, minerals and other additives, as well as dietary supplements are very popular among consumers who care about their ...
Even if the expectant mother made her food balanced and rational, including everything you need in your daily diet - vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, dairy products, nevertheless she will not get enough of the important substances for the body, since their content in food products in recent years has decreased by almost 70?%.
This is due to the depletion of the soil on which our basic food products grow (cereals, sunflower, potatoes, etc.) and their contamination with pesticides and toxic metals, the use of antibiotics and hormones to stimulate the growth of domestic animals, the use of refined products and food containing various additives - dyes, preservatives, thickeners, flavor enhancers. Scientific studies have revealed that, consuming the usual for a modern human diet, the body loses 40–60?% Of the required amount of vitamins and biologically significant macro- and microelements. That is why functional food replaces rational and balanced nutrition.
Understand the terms
Biologically active additives (BAA) appeared on the market in the 90s of the XX century. They are tablets, capsules and powders containing complexes of natural or identical natural biologically active substances intended to be consumed simultaneously with food to enrich the diet with individual beneficial components. But this is only an additive to nutrition, it can not be used constantly and the more independently, without the recommendations of a specialist.
Specialized nutrition- it is a diet (food intake mode, determined by time, volume, composition of products), developed by nutritionists taking into account the individual characteristics of an individual or group of people (athletes, children, cosmonauts, pregnant women, etc.).
Only a specialist should recommend a specific food complex (volume of portions, number of meals, nature of heat treatment). Thus, for pregnant women rations have been developed depending on the trimester, the woman’s body weight, the presence of a concomitant disease, for example, in case of anemia. Specialty foods can be in the form of traditional foods, for example, bread or milk, artificially enriched with special blends of vitamins and minerals, and in the form of balanced cocktails. It is important to note that, according to the diet, the product must be ingested in a certain amount and at a certain time.
Functional Food (FPP) - These are products that, in addition to certain nutritional properties, have a targeted effect on certain functions of the body and have a therapeutic and prophylactic effect. They can be either natural, with high biological activity (for example, honey), or enriched with vitamins and minerals during the production process (bread supplemented with B vitamins, or milk with calcium).
The difference between functional foods and dietary supplements is that they contain beneficial ingredients directly in their composition and in physiological concentration. Therefore, unlike specialized, functional products are easy to choose on their own.
Functional products are simply necessary in the waiting period of the baby, as they are environmentally friendly, consist of natural components, contain substances for the mother and unborn baby in an amount of 25 to 50?% Of the average daily rate, so you can use them daily and for a long time, without fear of overdose.
The preference of this type of products has a beneficial effect on metabolism, including improving the absorption of trace elements in the large intestine, and therefore, both mother and baby will receive them in the right quantity.
In addition to nutritional properties, upon admission to the body, PPP has special therapeutic and prophylactic actions:
- tonic;
- anti-inflammatory;
- antimicrobial;
- antiallergic;
- antispasmodic;
- antioxidant;
- anti-infectious (increase resistance to infectious diseases);
- adaptogenic (promote adaptability to adverse environmental factors);
- immunostimulating.
The above therapeutic and prophylactic effects of FPP are necessary for a woman in the waiting period of a baby in order to maintain the desired pregnancy. It is at the stage of gestation that it is important to prevent infection or cope with catarrhal, allergic or infectious diseases in a short time, prevent the uterus from rising, facilitate adaptation to changing climatic conditions in the off-season, strengthen the immune system and overall body tone.
The modern consumer market of functional nutrition in Russia is represented by dairy products, juices, cereals, cereals, bakery products. And this list is constantly updated.
To make the product functional, it is enriched with special substances in the production process.
What is used for enrichment? Most often it is lactic acid bacteria, vitamins, minerals, peptides, proteins, amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, etc.
Iodized salt
The first and most common functional product to date is iodized salt. The use of iodized salt during pregnancy is the easiest way to combat iodine deficiency in the body (daily intake of iodine-enriched salt for pregnant women is 200 mcg). It is important to properly store and consume this product. When exposed to sunlight, when heated and moistened, iodine from salt evaporates, therefore it should be stored in a hermetically sealed container, salted ready-made food immediately before use.
Functional drinks
Recently, in the production of bottled drinking water it increases the mineral content. Thus, drinking water enriched with selenium, magnesium and calcium has a tonic effect, removes toxins, improves the functioning of the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems of the body. In each particular region, manufacturers are trying to add to the drinking water precisely those trace elements that are particularly lacking in the products of the area. For example, in conditions of acute iodine deficiency in the Omsk Region, drinking water enriched with iodine is released.
Widely represented on the market ACE-juices: they are enriched with vitamins A, C, E, which are antioxidants - absorbers of free radicals, contributing to the development of diseases and cell aging.
Vitamin Asupports normal protein synthesis and metabolism, healthy cells, teeth and bones, proper distribution of fat deposits, is of great importance for the perception of light, for the work of visual analyzers and the normal state of the retina, increases the resistance of mucous membranes to viruses, protects the respiratory tract from infections, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital system.
Vitamin Cparticipates in the synthesis of collagen, necessary for the elasticity of the skin and vascular wall, some amino acids, promoting the formation of hormones, strengthens the immune system of the body.
Vitamin Eprotects cell membranes, supporting metabolism and slowing down cell aging.
ACE drinks can additionally be enriched with other vitamins (especially group B), probiotics, and minerals.
Especially for pregnant women produce juices with a high content of iron, as well as ascorbic and folic acids, vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12. This is an example of a specialized product for expectant mothers with anemia. It contains bivalent iron, which is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, assimilated by the presence of vitamins B, ascorbic and folic acids.
On the shelves you can meet functional nectars. For example, nectar from apples, black chokeberry and raspberries with chamomile extract or nectar from apples, black chokeberry and black currant with extracts of Chinese magnolia vine and wild rose, enriched with vitamins and minerals. These drinks improve metabolism, increase immunity and body resistance to the effects of harmful factors.
To normalize the work of the heart and strengthen the blood vessels, citrus nectar from orange, lemon with hawthorn extract, with the addition of vitamins and minerals is recommended.
In addition to water and juices, the market also meets tea enriched with healthy ingredients. For example, black tea with chamomile, lavender, melissa, mint, raspberry, rosehip, linden, hawthorn. This PPP has a sedative, tonic, tonic and immunostimulating effect.
Functional Dairy Products
In regions with iodine deficiency in the production of cow's milk, it is enriched with iodized protein. Iodcasein is the only analogue of the natural iodine compound with milk protein, capable, without breaking down, to withstand heat treatment up to 100 ° C. It does not accumulate in the body, its absorption depends on the individual need for iodine. With the help of iodcasein enrich kefir.
Cottage cheese is a source of protein and methionine - an essential amino acid that is necessary for normal metabolism, detoxification of the body and the production of immune cells. But this product is being enriched. there is cottage cheese with a high content of calcium. Calcium is necessary for a pregnant woman to complete the work of the cardiovascular, muscular, nervous systems, and the baby - for the formation of skeleton bones and teeth.
Also on sale found cottage cheese, enriched with iodine. Iodine is an important trace element involved in the formation of thyroid hormones, which, in turn, determine the development of the fetal brain and the intelligence of the unborn child.
The market is widely represented functional fermented milk drinks - biokefir and bio-yoghurts, bifidokofir, bifidorizhenka, bifidok and others. Fermented milk drinks are useful in that they normalize the work of the intestine, regulating its physical activity and microflora. The effect increases many times with the enrichment of fermented milk drinks with artificial microflora - probiotics.
TO probiotics (probiotic microorganisms) include lacto-and bifidobacteria. Lactobacilli synthesize lactic acid, which prevents the development of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Bifidobacteria inhibit the pathogenic intestinal microflora, improving the absorption of nutrients, activating the metabolism and, ultimately, thereby enhancing the immune system. That is, if the food product contains lacto-or bifidobacteria, this in itself is very useful, but when both are present, the effect of using such PPP is multiplied at times.
However, the concentration of bioculture is important here. The required number of bacteria in food is 106–107 CFU? /? G, and since these microorganisms retain their properties for several days and at a certain temperature, their production should be even higher during production. Therefore, the principal indicator of the quality of enriched dairy products is the minimum number of probiotics: in this case, the package will indicate that by the end of the storage period the concentration of the bioculture will be at least 106–107 CFU? /? G.
Recently, the packaging of fermented milk products has been focused on the presence of the LGG bacterium - this is the most well studied lactobacterium today, which is faster than other probiotics displaces opportunistic microorganisms from the intestine, under no circumstances is it reborn, its safety and ability to strengthen the immune system are confirmed by scientific research. These products are useful to any person, and even more so for a pregnant woman.
Other type of additives in fermented milk products, most often in kefir, - prebiotics. Prebiotics is a substance that in a constant form enters the large intestine, stimulating growth and vital activity of bifidobacteria and lactobacteria there. Lactulose, a non-digestible carbohydrate, is used as a prebiotic in the production of functional products.
Kefir enriched with lactulose normalizes digestion, stimulates intestinal peristalsis, protects against constipation, improves the body's absorption of vitamins and calcium, beneficially affecting the state of the circulatory, immune and musculoskeletal systems, provides protection against intestinal infections, activating local immunity.
Fiber-enriched foods
Fiber - the basis of plant food, it is not digested in the human body, but passing through the gastrointestinal tract, cleans it, stimulates contractility, helps to prevent constipation. Natural fiber rich in wholemeal bread, buckwheat and oatmeal, potatoes, cabbage, beets, carrots, apples, prunes. Of the functional products in the store you can find bread with bran, bio-yogurt with the addition of cereals.
Fatty acid fortified foods
During pregnancy, the body of the mother and fetus requires unsaturated fatty acids: omega-3 and omega-6. Especially important for the formation of the brain of a child is omega-3 and, in particular, their main component - DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), which constitutes the membrane of brain cells. A sufficient level of omega-3 is also beneficial for the mother, since these acids have a positive effect on fat and cholesterol metabolism, regulate blood clotting, contribute to the normalization of cerebral circulation, increase the stability of cerebral vessels during hypoxia and a drop in blood pressure. Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids have a positive effect on heart rate and blood pressure. Their rhythm-regulating and antihypertensive effects have been revealed, they have anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating and antiallergic action. All these properties of omega-3 fatty acids contribute to the safe pregnancy, preventing preterm birth. DHA-cereals, breakfast cereals and milk are most often enriched.
Specialized nutrition for expectant mothers today is represented by milk mixtures and cocktails containing the full range of vitamins and minerals for mother and baby. They are appointed by specialists individually, in strict accordance with the dose of the product and the duration of pregnancy.
Fortified Products
Where it is easier when the balance of the daily diet is not particularly required to follow. Iodized salt, bread with vitamin supplements, muesli, vegetable oil with carotene, “bio-overpopulated” dairy products, calcined milk, fortified cereals in sachets, carbonated drinks with iron and many other products have become quite familiar elements of our daily table.
The food industry now cares not only about the consumer's stomach, but also about universal health and bodily well-being. Many experts believe that only with the help of products enriched with valuable additives, it is possible to overcome weak immunity, frequent depressions, chronic fatigue, problems with splitting nails and continuously falling hair. In general, all those ills that haunt almost every modern man.
The main explosion of world idolatry to all sorts of dietary supplements and multivitamins occurred at the end of the 90s, and its echoes reached our Fatherland territory only at the beginning of the new millennium. Prior to this “fatal” hour, no one in Russia risked introducing enriched products into broad masses, since their prime cost was high, which did not correspond to the income level of the main part of the population. There was also a certain lack of information about bioactive supplements and vitamin complexes ...
It took just a few years and the situation has changed beyond recognition. The market is oversaturated, the potential client is fully solvent, and the manufacturer is in constant search for a new product. Moreover, buyers increasingly choose for vitamin-mineralized products. This is especially true of the dairy sector. What is only worth one French Danone with their super popular series “Rastishka”, “Activia” and “Actimel”. Especially famous and promoted “Actimel” - a fermented milk product with live bifidoculture, normalizing the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract (according to the manufacturers). Another large-scale producer of enriched products is the Swiss company Nestle, which produces Nesquik enriched with vitamins and minerals of cocoa and breakfast cereals for children.
Domestic food industry is also not standing still. Almost every self-respecting Russian manufacturer has mastered the production of products with the prefix “bio”. Supermarket shelves are full of bio-kefir, bio-yogurt and bio-milk. In fact, half of the dairy products in stores is improved due to healthy supplements and vitamins. Juices, nectars and carbonated drinks are not far behind in this respect. The production of fortified flour products has recently been mastered by bakers.
Who is the most persistent adept fortified foods?
First of all, those who are anxious about their own body and are obsessed with a low-calorie diet. It is clear that with “bloodless” dietary nutritional doses of vitamins and minerals will be needed very soon. It is best absorbed vitamins in combination with some products. For example, the dairy base is the ideal base for most supplements. In addition, dairy products are loved by almost everything that makes it much easier for a manufacturer to introduce their enriched “relatives” to the masses.
Many fortified foods are also refined. The fact that the refined product, purified from all existing impurities, is perfectly assimilated by the body, does not at all indicate its biological value. In addition, there is scientific evidence that products devoid of many natural components provoke the emergence of a number of diseases. Leaving the product without many ingredients, manufacturers are trying to fill the gaps that have appeared, “enriching” it with artificial additives. Excessive nutrients become harmful, disrupting the body's metabolism and imbalancing the human endocrine and immune systems.
Often, each of us is overcome by a massive deficiency of vitamins in the body, or in other words, hypovitaminosis. The fight against this seasonal disaster and prompts many to switch to products that contain in their composition whole balanced “ensembles” of minerals and vitamins, designed to compensate for the shortage. Adding certain vitamins to products is not always beneficial for a particular person. It may well be that it is precisely this vitamin that we don’t need and will not lead to anything else except to an overdose. For example, higher doses of vitamins A, B and D are toxic. Vitamin C, consumed in unlimited quantities, can trigger the onset of diabetes and cause the disappearance of calcium in the body.
Now what concerns dairy products with bifidobacteria so beloved by the heart of every producer. All kinds of “bio-kefirchiki” colonize the intestines of life alien to our body. Such artificial enrichment of microflora often prevents the “local” bacteria from developing. Fortunately, there is a substance such as lactulose, which, unlike bifidobacteria, does not replace the native microflora, but rather develops it. Therefore, it is best if the dairy product has both of the above components. Products enriched with lactulose, very useful for children, the elderly and people who work in hazardous industries. Lactulose is widely popular in Japan and is recognized by the government of the land of the rising sun as a strategically important food additive that contributes to the global health of the nation.
Artificially derived strains of bacteria that contribute to the normalization of natural digestion in the human body, called probiotics. For example, Danone's “Activia” products contain precisely probiotic bacteria. The effectiveness of their positive effects on the human body and medical benefits has been proven by numerous clinical experiments.
Enriched products are always better than nothing at all, but worse than natural products of natural origin with their own complex of complex substances that organically complement each other and effectively affect our body. An important principle in the use of fortified products is their dosage. It should, if not, then at least minimally adhere to all those recommendations that are indicated on the product packaging.
Indestructible faith in advertising is a purely personal matter, but the general rules of nutrition must be followed without fail. So for enriched products this may not be bad, but there is hardly ever a worthy replacement for the red-cheeked elastic apple!
How are such products different from ordinary ones and are they really better than whole milk from a bag or eggs without the inscription “selenium + iodine”?
Products with a + sign
Why do nutritionists and nutrition experts speak out that we are getting less nutrients all the time? After all, today the choice of vegetables, fruits, cereals and meat products is much more diverse than 50 years ago. And even in winter we can eat cucumbers, tomatoes, oranges and even fresh berries. And our grandparents could afford only seasonal potatoes, carrots, but sauerkraut and felt great. Are modern technologies that allow preserving products for longer, transporting them over long distances and growing exotic fruits even in winter, do not benefit us? In fact, it turns out that way. Judging by the data of the Japanese Nutrition Committee, tomatoes grown with high technology, carotene and ascorbic acid are 10 times less than in wild varieties. The same with the other vegetables and fruits. Plus, the daily energy consumption of a modern resident of the metropolis is approximately 1800-2500 kcal. Some 50-70 years ago, our grandparents spent 2 times more. We moved more actively, we did not sit in front of the TV and computer, we walked, but we did not drive cars. And, naturally, consuming 5000 kcal, it is possible to fill the deficiency of vitamins and microelements from food. Just imagine: to get the necessary daily intake of vitamin B1 (this is 1.4 mg), you need to eat 700-800 g of whole-grain bread or 1 kg of lean meat!
An example of a balanced diet for 2600 kcal.
It contains 97.5 g of proteins, 91.4 g of fat, 343.8 g of carbohydrates.
Breakfast: Fried eggs (2 eggs, 10 g butter), 100 g of cottage cheese
Lunch: Sandwich (100 g of bran bread, 10 g of butter), 20 g of coffee with sugar
Dinner: Salad (100 g cucumbers, 50 g tomatoes, 10 g vegetable oil)
Noodle soup (chicken. Meat 30g, vermicelli 30g)
Beef with a side dish (meat 100g, potatoes otv. 150g, butter 15g.), Apple juice (200ml)
Afternoon tea: Yogurt (125g)
Dinner: Buckwheat porridge (150 g), apple (150 g), tea (sugar 20 g).
B1-0.96mg (65%)
B2-1.5mg (88%)
B6-1.3mg (65%)
Minerals
Zhelezdo-9.7mg (54%)
Copper - 1.25 mg (84%)
As you can see, vitamins and minerals are not enough here. And given that women often diets and the daily calorie intake decreases to 1,500 kcal, the lack of vitamins becomes critical. It turns out that taking vitamins in addition is really necessary, and it should be done constantly. You can drink vitamin-mineral complexes, and you can buy foods enriched with nutrients.
What to choose?
Of course, it is best to get vitamins from food and, if there is an opportunity, to eat vegetables from the garden, cook baked goods from whole grain flour, eat farm meat and eat 5,000-6,000 kcal per day - this is your option. From enriched foods, vitamins are absorbed worse than from natural ones. But better than from synthetic tablets, because they enter the body with food, and are processed gradually.
Live without vitamins?
For a full life, we just need nutrients. Because of their lack of physical and mental performance, resistance to various diseases, increased neuro-emotional stress and stress, increased occupational injuries, the body's sensitivity to radiation, reduced immunity and increased risk of cardiovascular and oncological diseases. It is especially important to monitor the children's diet, lack of vitamins and trace elements affects the physical development, performance. That is why today in Russia, baby food in most cases enrich.
Everything is thought out
Before enriched foods are put on the shelves, they pass a series of rigorous safety and health checks. A lot of attention paid to the external and taste. Enrichment should not significantly change the taste and aroma of food, reduce the shelf life of products. And, of course, most importantly, vitamins and trace elements in such products should not neutralize the beneficial properties of each other. And if we take this aspect into account regarding a single product, the manufacturer can, then we will have to figure out how to combine different products on our own. For example, vitamin A, although it is fat soluble, is poorly absorbed with an excess of margarine and cooking oil, so it is best to use olive oil and butter.
Know the measure
An overdose of vitamins and trace elements is extremely rare, but you should not lose vigilance. And if in your diet a lot of fortified foods, do not take multivitamin complexes without consulting a doctor.
Where to looking for
Most often, the most popular products are enriched - bread, flour (vitamins B and PP, iodine and iron), butter and spreads (fat-soluble vitamins A, D, K and E), milk, cottage cheese and yogurts (calcium, vitamins, iodine, iron ), salt (iodine), juices (vitamins A and C), “quick” cereals (vitamins of group B).
If the word “enriched” is on the pack, it means that you have the original. On the label of products with nutrients you can always find the name of vitamins and / or mineral substances included in the composition, their guaranteed content in mg per 100 g (or 100 ml) or the average daily portion of the product. Well, if there are recommendations for use.
Hello to the neighbors!
The technology of product enrichment was invented in Russia in the distant 30s and quickly sold around the world. In most developed countries (USA, Canada, Australia) and many regions of Europe, the statutory enrichment of essential products with vitamins is legally regulated.
Flour, pasta and bakery products, rice are enriched mainly with vitamins B1, B2 and PP, as well as iron. Dairy products and margarine - with vitamins A and D, fruit juices and drinks, sausages and canned meat - mainly with vitamin C. In addition, many years of experience in the fortification of food have shown that it helps to reduce the incidence and minimize the occurrence of many pathologies associated with the deficit necessary substances. Take as an example the experience of Peru. Enriching school lunches for 500,000 children with basic vitamins and minerals in just 6 months reduced the spread of anemia among schoolchildren from 66.32% to 14.1%. And there are many such examples all over the world. In the United States since 1974, and in Canada, since 1978, the whole flour has been enriched with folic acid, which has made it possible to significantly reduce the occurrence of a neural tube defect in the fetus.
Expert: Alla Kochetkova, doctor of technical sciences, professor,
head of the new technology specialized laboratory
products of preventive action of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
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