X-ray of the lungs: indications for conduct, assessment of harmfulness and features of the procedure. X-ray of bones: types of X-ray studies, research methods

X-ray examination is one of the most popular diagnostics. X-rays can be used to identify diseases of the lungs, spine or teeth. Despite the prevalence of X-rays, each of us is frightened from childhood that X-rays are dangerous due to radiation, and doing it is unhealthy. On the Day of the Radiologist, which is celebrated all over the world on November 8, doctors told RIAMO how dangerous X-ray really is and whether it is worth fearing.

1. X-rays are dangerous by radiation

There are two main myths about X-rays. The first is that X-rays are dangerous because they create a high radiation zone, the second is that it is completely safe and can be done at the request of the patient, says Nikita Neverov, chief physician of the Medsi Clinical Hospital in Botkin Drive.

“In fact, X-rays represent a specific source of radiation, radiation, which has its own measurable disease risks. Even if an X-ray is done as prescribed by a doctor, radiation in small doses cannot be avoided, ”the doctor explains.

The so-called "natural" radiation is measured in millisieverts (mSv) - this is a measure of the dose in medical diagnostic procedures (fluoroscopy, X-ray computed tomography, and others).

Computed tomography (CT) is the most difficult type of examinations with the greatest probability from the side of radiation. For example, a CT scan of the abdomen or pelvis gives radiation of 20 millisieverts (mSv), the specialist specifies. And the most common type of examination is a chest X-ray, which is approximately 0.1 mSv.

According to Neverov, there is evidence that the risk of radiation damage may arise if several computed tomography (CT) scans are performed in a row, for example, every other day. It is also dangerous if tomography covers large areas of the human body.

2. X-rays cause cancer

Photo: flickr, The Mitzikin Revolution

The main thing that doctors are trying to study today is the possibility of a fatal risk of cancer with periodic X-ray examinations.

“Even if we take into account the frequency of CT, the risks of oncological processes during such studies are not as great as they say - about 1 in 1000 cases for CT with contrast,” the physician notes.

With the most common X-ray - the chest - this figure is even less - 1 case per million, the specialist adds.

If we talk about alternative research methods - ultrasound, MRI, etc. - they practically do not carry a radiation load, the doctor says.

3. Natural radiation is not scary

According to Neverov, each person receives about 3 millisieverts of natural radiation from space during the year. For residents of high mountainous regions, this dose is higher - about 4.5 mSv.

Most exposed to radiation are people who work in the sky - pilots, flight attendants and representatives of similar professions. But even if you are an ordinary passenger, you get 0.03 mSv of "natural radiation" with every flight.

4. X-rays can not be done for everyone

Another common myth about X-rays is that not all patients can do it, as there are many contraindications.

As noted by the chief physician of the diagnostic department of the clinic "Medicine" Oksana Platona, there are no absolute contraindications for X-rays. For medical reasons, it can be done to all patients. Only pregnancy can become a relative contraindication to X-ray examination, and even then not in all cases, the specialist notes.

5. After the X-ray, you need to remove radiation from the body

Photo: flickr,inesplicabile

Doctors agree that there are no special measures for rehabilitation after an X-ray. As Platonova notes, exposure to sources of ionizing radiation in small quantities occurs only during the study.

The main thing here is the presence of strict standards for conducting such examinations, says the head physician of Medsi. According to Neverov, the only thing that can be done after the X-ray to prevent possible negative consequences is to consume more liquid, since water helps the body to cope with possible damage that has arisen or could arise from such a lesion.

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Each person has taken x-rays more than once in his life, so necessary to clarify the diagnosis. This procedure is assigned to all age groups: both babies of the first year of life and the elderly. Proceeding from this, many people have a question, how often can X-rays be taken. This article will answer this question in as much detail as possible.

Is X-ray considered dangerous?

The body of all people is characterized by individual resistance to radiation. But despite this, there are generally accepted indicators that medical professionals adhere to. Answering the question, how many times a year you can take x-rays, some doctors are of the opinion that the frequency of this procedure depends on how much the patient's condition requires.

Sometimes frequent monitoring is necessary for the timely detection of pathologies. This opinion is not always rational, since a greater number of chest diseases can be detected using the safest methods, which include:

• general blood analysis;
• Ultrasound diagnostics;
• listening.

This judgment is rational if there is a suspicion of lung cancer or pneumonia. X-rays stress the human body. X-rays are especially dangerous if you live in conditions of increased environmental pollution, which is acceptable for any large industrial city. Of course, if possible, it is better to avoid frequent examinations, but sometimes there is an urgent need for radiography.

Important! If the patient suffers from a serious illness, for example, a complex stage of pneumonia, then the procedure is allowed to be carried out several times a month. In this case, the risk from the disease will be higher than the possible harm from X-rays.

A modern diagnostic device is considered a rather expensive device.

In addition, answering the question of how harmful X-rays are, most doctors argue that serious radiation exposure is possible only when using an old device. Today there is a big difference between the X-ray equipment of the last century. The modern device significantly reduces the dosage of radiation, which has a negative effect on the patient.

In addition, there is a non-destructive x-ray in which the examination is carried out on a selected area. Patients undergoing CT, MRI are exposed to radiation exposure, which is directed to a separate area.

How often can x-rays be taken

Often the question arises as to how often it is allowed to take x-rays for an adult and a child. This is especially true when the presence of images is necessary for several doctors, for example, for a pulmonologist and a cardiologist. If the patient's condition is stable, then the picture is valid for 1 year.

There is no unequivocal answer to the question of how many times an X-ray can be taken, since it depends on the patient's personality, his condition, age, stage of the disease, and the characteristics of the X-ray machine. For different categories, there is an individually permissible frequency of the study.

X-rays of the extremities of children are allowed to be carried out no more than 5 times a year. Radiation exposure is harmful not only to babies, but also to adolescents. Examination of the brain and trunk is not recommended without viscous indications.

Although the most modern devices have a weak background radiation, which practically does not have a detrimental effect on the body of children.

An adult examination is carried out based on the following standards:

• adults should not be done more than 1 time per year. However, some professions require more frequent examination, in which case X-rays are replaced by fluorography, which has a weaker radiation effect.
• X-rays of the teeth are taken no more than once a year, when the rays are delivered along the spine or brain. If the survey is carried out from the side and has a point effect on the teeth, then it is allowed to do the examination up to 5 times a year.
• The sinuses are allowed to be removed no more than once a year, since they are close to the brain.
• Spine examination is the most unfavorable procedure, with the frequency of which it is better not to overdo it. Usually it does not exceed once a year.

X-ray photo of teeth - low dose procedure

Important! CT has the highest radiation load, the number of micro-roentgen during this procedure reaches 1100 mR per hour.

Is it possible to do an x-ray of a nursing woman

There are situations when an x-ray is necessary for a nursing woman. At the same time, many people have a natural question whether it is possible to feed the child after the procedure. Moreover, today fluorography is carried out even within the walls of the hospital. In this case, it is recommended to feed before the procedure. After the X-ray, the milk must be expressed and discarded.

The next feed can be done as usual. If a woman is examined for the intended purpose, especially with the use of a dye, then it is recommended to refrain from breastfeeding throughout the day. Important! When taking an X-ray of a nursing woman, the breast area should be covered with a protective screen.

Is it possible to reduce the negative effects of X-rays with frequent

In order for radiography to bring as little negative effects as possible, it is recommended to adhere to the following simple recommendations:

• first of all, you can strengthen the body by taking antioxidants, for example, the Omega-3 complex;
• you can increase immunity with the help of vitamin preparations, consisting of vitamins of group P, B, A, E, C;
• should be consumed before and after the procedure, more fermented milk products;
• if you eat oatmeal, prunes, granular bread, you can remove the harmful elements that entered the body during the examination.

Radiography is sometimes a necessary and far from useful procedure, which allows timely identification of many diseases. Its frequent use can cause irreparable consequences for the body.

Every person is familiar with X-rays of the lungs or any other parts of our body, for example, quite often X-rays are taken at a fracture as a primary examination of the patient's condition. How the specialists manage to determine whether the bones are damaged and whether the displacement has occurred, the method also allows determining the further actions of doctors that are necessary to solve the problem associated with this injury. Any plain X-ray (performed without contrast) is an excellent primary diagnostic procedure, because it is quite cheap.

Of course, in some situations it will not be enough to correctly diagnose, but experts still often resort to X-rays. For this reason, the question of how often you can take X-rays is incredibly relevant, because almost all people know that this procedure is based on the use of harmful ionizing radiation that can accumulate in the body and sometimes even cause cancer.

X-ray harm

To answer the question of how often you can take an x-ray of the sinuses or something else, you need to deal with the harm itself, which is a simple x-ray. As mentioned earlier, doctors use fluoroscopy and radiography to examine the condition of the patient's bones, and if a contrast agent is used, it is possible to visualize many internal organs. Despite this, the negative effect on the body of the diagnostic method in question should not be denied, because this fact has long been proven by experts.

But do not worry too much about the common opinion about the possibility of developing oncology or even radiation sickness, which can appear only after exposure to a huge amount of radiation (more than 200 procedures on old film equipment per day). As for oncology, even after several studies have been carried out, the chance of its development will be minimal.

As you might have guessed, an ordinary diagnostic procedure does not cause serious harm, because the radiation exposure even on old equipment (we are talking about film equipment) varies from 0.5 to 1.5 mSv. If digital equipment is present in the medical clinic where you applied, then the dose will not even exceed 0.2 mSv. It is worth mentioning that computed tomography, and even more so fluoroscopy, are those methods that involve a higher radiation exposure, because more than one picture is taken in the process.

Note! We described above that you should not be afraid of radiography, but you need to understand that even small doses of ionizing radiation can cause serious harm. Of course, they are stupidly afraid of radiation sickness, but the occurrence of tumors due to any damage associated with the genetic apparatus, as well as the appearance of certain mutations of germ cells are quite possible consequences. Yes, the chance of developing such problems is rather small, but there are such risks, because radiation is an extremely unpredictable thing.

The consequences of X-rays do not always manifest themselves immediately, because all the problems that were described above develop secretly for a long time, that is, a person will most likely not know about them until it is too late. Also, for these problems, independence from radiation doses is characteristic (of course, the chance of their development increases if you do a fluorographic examination or even a simple X-ray for pneumonia or sinusitis constantly), that is, dangerous ailments can develop even from one procedure. However, we will mention again that because of one examination, and especially for an adult, you should not be afraid. There are times when it is extremely necessary, and people should do the same fluorography of the lungs constantly for the purpose of prevention.

Reducing radiation exposure - is it possible?

For the reasons previously described, only a doctor can answer the question of whether an X-ray can be done in principle. The fact is that there are many contraindications to conducting such a study, for example, pregnancy at any time, because ionizing radiation will cause serious harm to the fetus, which is most vulnerable to radiation. The safe annual dose is considered to be 1 mSv. Fortunately, when carrying out exclusively preventive examinations, and even with some forced ones, for example, when you get injured, you most likely will not exceed this dose.

We recommend that you check with a specialist in advance on what equipment the study will be carried out, because the exposure when using digital equipment will be many times less than when using film. It is also worth finding out the specific values ​​of the radiation exposure, which are assumed when conducting research in a certain area.

While most additional scans will not require the doctor to exceed the allowable dose, many injuries require you to take a lot of control scans, for example, if you have a serious wrist fracture, take 4 to 6 scans within a month. An even more serious problem is observed in situations where the need for an X-ray is associated with the occurrence of various pathological processes (in such situations, the number of necessary examinations is always set individually, but very often the radiation exposure exceeds the norm when using film equipment).

Do not forget that there are such types of X-rays, in which the permissible annual dose is exceeded immediately. An example is the study of the lumbar spine in several projections, because in this case the radiation exposure can even reach 2 mSv.

Here are the top tips from experts to help you reduce your radiation exposure:

1. Reduce procedure time. This advice is based on the fact that short-term exposure is much safer for the body. It is for this reason that you may have heard more than once that fluoroscopy is incredibly harmful, try to avoid it if possible.
2. Check with a professional about the number of shots you need. The obvious advice is that the fewer images taken, the less radiation exposure. Of course, it is definitely not worth removing any important images necessary for making a diagnosis, but it is sometimes possible to exclude some projections if they do not make much sense. Immediately, we note that this advice is not always correct, because in order to obtain a sufficient amount of information in most situations, all projections prescribed by a doctor are necessary. Another way to reduce radiation exposure can be considered the simultaneous examination of several zones, but this is also not always possible.
3. Reexam only when necessary. Ask your doctor if you really need a second examination, because in many situations, specialists prescribe it simply at the request of patients, so that they make sure that everything is fine now. Sometimes such examinations carry unnecessary radiation exposure, but if the doctor considers control images necessary, then you definitely should not refuse them.
4. Use protection. Good medical clinics provide special protection that should be worn by people undergoing X-ray examination, it helps to protect the rest of the body from harmful ionizing radiation.

So how often can you take an X-ray and after how long can you take another X-ray if you have already done it? There is no unambiguous answer to this question, the specialist should always consider this problem on an individual basis, focusing primarily on the dose received during the study and the dose that is expected during the next procedure. You should not refuse such a diagnosis if it is necessary and if there is no possibility of choosing any other study that is safer.

Contraindications

Particular attention should be paid to contraindications, because some people simply cannot do an x-ray. The main absolute contraindication is pregnancy, because the negative effect of ionizing radiation on the fetus has long been proven. Also, you should not resort to carrying out this procedure without special need when breastfeeding, because radiation can accumulate in breast milk (if there is no alternative, the specialist will give special recommendations for the woman, subject to which it will still be possible to carry out the procedure).

Other contraindications appear only when using a contrast agent, this can include individual intolerance to its components, as well as problems such as renal or liver failure. It is worth noting that the use of contrast requires special preparation, and in general it is not permissible for all people, therefore, you should discuss with your doctor in advance the possibility of carrying out such a procedure on an individual basis.

X-ray examination is prohibited without medical indications.

X-rays for children

Earlier it was said that X-rays are quite possible for adults, but we did not mention anything about children. So is it permissible to use such a method at a young age? Let us immediately mention which groups of persons can be considered children. The fact is that it is customary to apply the rules established for adults to patients who are over 14 years old, that is, everything that was indicated earlier applies to them.

If we are talking about examining younger children, then experts tend to use X-ray only when there are simply no alternative options, that is, in case of serious problems (when there is a threat to health or even to life). For this reason, children do not undergo fluorography and many other preventive procedures based on the use of ionizing radiation.

As for the forced radiography, it is necessary to use only digital equipment, because, as mentioned earlier, in this case, the harm to the body will be much less. For obvious reasons, it is important to pay special attention to protection from training. X-rays are taken for very young children only in the presence of their parents, because during the procedure it is important not to move at all, and it is extremely difficult to explain this to a child, especially in the absence of parents.

Each of us has done an X-ray examination at least once in our lives. And for sure you will be familiar with at least one of such terms as fluorography of the lungs (a scan of the chest organs), mammography (a scan of the mammary glands) or computed tomography (CT, examination of various organs). All this has to do with X-rays. And most often, patients are prescribed a regular X-ray (for example, in case of serious injuries, in order to understand if there are fractures).

Moreover, in order to receive an appointment for such a diagnosis, it is not necessary to break any limb or catch a dangerous disease. Some X-ray examinations are also carried out for prophylactic purposes. For example, fluorography for the prevention of tuberculosis is recommended to be done once a year.

Without going into complicated details, X-rays can be described as follows. This is a stream of electromagnetic waves that is able to penetrate the tissues of the body. Thanks to special devices, a snapshot of "translucent" insides appears. This gives doctors the opportunity to assess the nature of internal injuries. Of course, this method helps doctors make diagnoses faster and more reliably and save the patient's life.

But there are also disadvantages - radiation from an X-ray machine can negatively affect the human body. The first and worst consequence to remember is cancer.

As stated in the report of the Moscow department of Rospotrebnadzor for 2017, the "average annual effective dose" of radiation to a resident of Moscow is 3.95 mSv (millisievert). As already Life, this is quite a bit: the maximum allowable value is five times more.

Moreover, one fifth of the annual radiation dose is medical research. In general, this is not the most terrifying figure.

But this is the "average temperature in the hospital." After all, one person can do two or three X-ray examinations a year, and the second - none at all. Of course, in the first case, the radiation dose will be many times greater.

CT scan against children

Fluorography and radiography damage the body by less than 1 mSv at a time (this is a fairly small dose). And CT of the whole body is 25–30 mSv (this is more than the permissible annual value). In some cases, fears that cancer may develop after frequent X-ray examinations are justified.

Scientists from the Ural Institute of Biophysics recently published a study on this issue. For 10 years, 890 children and adolescents were under the supervision of specialists. All of them passed through a computed tomography scanner, on average, the radiation dose was about 2 mSv at a time. So - in 12 of them by the time of the end of the scientific study, cancer was diagnosed.

The scientists clarified that they do not have reliable evidence that the children got sick precisely because of the radiation dose on the CT scan, and therefore they plan to continue research in this area.

More benefits than harm

Photo: © RIA Novosti / Kirill Kallinikov

According to toxicologist-radiologist Alexander Grebenyuk, there is still no need to panic - irradiation in most X-ray examinations as a whole "fits" into the natural background radiation. As for CT, here the expert emphasized that this procedure should never be done without a doctor's appointment. In general, this applies to both X-rays and fluorography - you should not risk unnecessarily.

Radiation does not instantly cause disease. The danger is long-term exposure, he said. - Under the influence of electromagnetic waves, the human body loses its protective properties, its immunity becomes less resistant to diseases (including diseases of the cardiovascular system, oncology, etc.). But it is difficult to prove that it was the radiation that caused the disease. There is no clear scientific evidence.

One of the radiation diagnostic methods is X-ray transmission, or radiography. The resulting image is applied to a hard disk, special film or paper.

The purpose of the appointment of the survey

Lung fluoroscopy is the most common and informative research method. This diagnostic method allows you to detect the presence of respiratory diseases:

• sarcoidosis;
• pneumonia (pneumonia);
• malignant neoplasms;
• tuberculosis;
• the presence of foreign objects;
• pneumothorax and other various pathological processes.

In order to prevent pulmonary diseases in citizens employed in hazardous industries (chemical industry, construction (masons), mining (miners), etc.), once a year (more often if necessary), lung x-rays are taken. What do the research results show in such cases?

The response of fluoroscopy allows you to timely prevent or recognize the disease and prescribe the necessary drug or other therapy.

The effect of radiation on the human body

Radiation exposure is considered radiation exposure, and some people refuse to carry out this procedure. However, this is in vain, in medicine, beams of low energy are used, negligible, and the human body is exposed to them for a short period. A few years ago, scientists have proven that even repeated X-rays (with medical indications) are not capable of harming health. In some cases, this procedure is also prescribed for pregnant women. Serious illnesses, which can be diagnosed with X-rays, have more serious consequences than the minimum dose of radiation. As an alternative to conventional conventional X-rays, digital ones with an even lower dose of radiation are now available.

Indications

Consider the symptoms in which the attending doctor prescribes an x-ray of the lungs. What the image shows will depend on the tactics of further patient management.

1. Recurrent pain in the sternum.
2. Dyspnea.
3. High body temperature, which lasts for a long time.
4. Blood in sputum.
5. Prolonged, debilitating cough.
6. A large amount of sputum discharge.
7. Dry cough.

For the purpose of prevention, fluorography, or X-ray, is shown to all citizens at intervals of at least once every two years or more often in accordance with the recommendations of a medical professional.

Preparation and procedure

The direction for an X-ray of the lungs was discharged, how to prepare for it? No prior preparation is required. Before carrying out the procedure, it is necessary to remove jewelry (chains, beads, necklaces) so that they do not distort the result. Immediately before your procedure, your healthcare professional will ask you to wear a skirt that wraps around the waist to protect your genitals from radiation. Next, the doctor chooses the required projection (front, back, or sometimes the picture is taken while lying on his side).

Depending on the equipment on which the X-ray of the lungs was performed, the results will be instantaneous (digital method) or some time after the processing and development of the film.

Radiographic results

Did you get an X-ray of your lungs? What the decryption shows, consider below:

1. Diaphragm defects.
2. Presence Exclude swelling or pleurisy.
3. A cavity in the lung indicates necrosis of the lung tissue. Diagnose tuberculosis, cancer, or abscess.
4. Small focal blackouts are signs of pneumonia, tuberculosis. Large - a tumor of the bronchi, metastases to the lungs.
5. Small lesions that are very common are sarcoidosis or tuberculosis.
6. A large round shadow - progression of tuberculosis or malignant neoplasm.

With the exception of the above, other changes in the lung tissue and lungs are also detected, which help to make the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment. Unfortunately, there are cases of false results, or in cases of research in the early stages of the disease, it may not be seen. For an accurate conclusion, in addition to the results obtained, in addition to X-rays, other diagnostic methods are used, as well as the necessary laboratory tests are carried out.

X-ray blackouts

Did the x-ray show spots on the lungs? The reasons for their appearance may be: incorrect position of the patient during the procedure, poor-quality equipment, the presence of pathology. An accurate decoding of X-ray data can only be done by a doctor.

Formations in the form of white spots indicate the presence of tuberculosis, bronchitis, pneumonia, pathology in the pleura, and occupational diseases. If a person has had bronchitis, pneumonia, then spots can be found on the X-ray. They are regarded as residual manifestations of the disease, and they will disappear after a while.

If light spots are found in the upper parts of the lung, then tuberculosis is diagnosed, the main symptom at the first stage of which is a light path going from the place where there is an inflammatory process to the root system. With timely and proper treatment, inflammation is reduced and tissues are scarred. A dark spot appears in the picture instead of a white one.

If an x-ray of the lungs shows that there are black spots, this indicates an exacerbation and the presence of chronic pneumonia. After a course of drug treatment and complete recovery, the spots disappear. Dark formations can also be the cause of malignant pathologies. The detection of dark spots in a practically healthy person indicates many years of smoking, in children - about a foreign body.

Does x-ray show pneumonia?

X-ray examination for pneumonia is both a method of identifying the disease and monitoring its course.

In order to recognize pneumonia, you need to know how the spots look on the pictures with such a pathology. They may vary in size and location:

• global spotted formations on the entire surface of the lungs;
• subtotal - completely all fields (with the exception of the upper lobes);
• segmental - spots within the boundaries of the segment;
• small spotted formations up to 3 mm with limited margins.

As a result of the development of the inflammatory process in the lungs of a person, indistinct spots with blurred contours are formed and X-rays show pneumonia. The manifestation of spotty formations depends on the stage of the disease. More pronounced spots in advanced cases.

with bronchitis

The symptoms of the disease are similar to those of pneumonia. To confirm the diagnosis with a protracted course of the disease, certain types of examinations are prescribed, including X-ray, which will allow us to assess the state of the respiratory system and clarify the diagnosis.

Symptoms in a patient in which fluorography is shown (an x-ray of the lungs shows bronchitis in this case):

• a change in the blood, according to laboratory tests;
• severe persistent shortness of breath;
• prolonged increase in body temperature;
• the assumption of inflammation in the lungs;
• signs of obstruction.

Based on the results of the study on x-rays, attention is paid to the following points in the lungs:

• fuzzy contours;
• the presence of root deformation;
• changes in the drawing;
• the presence of lamellar foci;
• areas of fluid accumulation.

The opinions of experts about the information content of X-rays in identifying the disease of bronchitis were divided. However, this type of research is widely used in practical medicine.

Radiography for tuberculosis

If this serious illness is suspected, this type of lung examination will exclude or confirm the pathology.

The advantages of fluoroscopy for pulmonary tuberculosis are the ability to:

• carry out various diagnostics of the disease;
• exclude other pathologies of the respiratory system, such as pneumonia, cancer, abscess and others;
• determine the nature of damage to lung tissue;
• see the extent of the lesion;
• see the location of pathological foci.

Therefore, the question of whether an X-ray will show pulmonary tuberculosis can be answered in the affirmative. However, this does not exclude additional manipulations to accurately confirm the diagnosis. X-rays reveal different types of tuberculosis:

• intrathoracic lymph nodes;
• disseminated;
• focal;
• infiltration;
• caseous pneumonia;
• fibro-cavernous;
• cirrhotic.

Does x-ray show lung cancer?

This disease is one of the most formidable human ailments in recent decades. A chest X-ray is considered a diagnostic method for detecting this pathology at the earliest stages of its development. Signs or symptoms of illness can include:

• lethargy, constant drowsiness and weakness;
• performance at zero;
• regular fevers with visible well-being;
• dyspnea;
• whistling breathing;
• a lingering cough that does not respond to therapy;
• secretion of sputum with blood;
• lack of appetite;
• with coughing attacks, the presence of pain syndrome.

To exclude the disease, the doctor prescribes an examination. X-rays will show lung cancer, as this method is highly informative.

Depending on the type of tumor and its location, there will be a different picture on X-ray images. To make an accurate diagnosis, the attending doctor will conduct additional examinations and, assessing the general condition of the patient, prescribe adequate therapy.

Radiography of the lungs in children

If your child is prescribed an X-ray, then you should familiarize yourself with the following points:

• is there an alternative type of survey;
• is there a vital need for this procedure.

If in doubt, consult another specialist.

The younger generation is prescribed X-ray in exceptional cases. Basically, when this is the only manipulation with which it is possible to exclude or confirm the diagnosis.

One of the parents enters the office with the child. In order to reduce the negative effects of radiation, all parts of the body of the baby and his representative are protected with lead screens. The procedure takes a few minutes and your little one will not get tired. If an x-ray of the lungs shows that a focus of pathology is present, the doctor will prescribe treatment and the child will recover quickly.

Fluoroscopy is an effective method for diagnosing various diseases and, in experienced hands, provides invaluable assistance to the medical community.