Many factors can play a role in causing vaginal infections and discharge. What can be done to reduce the risk of vaginal infections? By practicing the following tips, you can significantly reduce your risk of contracting vaginal infections:

1. Always wear cotton underwear. Cotton allows the genitals to breathe, thus helping them to stay always dry. It's also a good idea to wear panties only during the day, not at night when the body is at rest. Wearing underwear at night can contribute to poor blood circulation.

2. Try to get as much air exposure to the intimate area as possible. For example, sleeping naked or walking in your house without underwear. The air will help keep your skin dry, thus protecting it from infections. This method can sometimes even solve the problem itself if your body has a normal imbalance of bacteria, as this will give your body a chance to recover.

4. Rarely use petroleum jelly or oils for vaginal lubrication. This can create a breeding ground for disease-causing bacteria.

5. When treating a vaginal infection, you must strictly follow the doctor's instructions and take all prescribed medications. Therefore, it is best to discuss medicines and their price in the doctor's office, so that you do not have a desire to voluntarily refuse treatment due to the high cost of the medicine. Remember, in Russia we have excellent analogues of foreign medicines at reasonable prices.

6. Do not have sexual intercourse while treating a vaginal infection. Wait until the symptoms of the disease have passed.

7. Avoid frequent use of intimate hygiene products, which may irritate the vagina, such as scented deodorants, gels, soaps, lotions and bubble baths, etc.

8. Try not to wear tight clothes, for example, sportswear, or tights, for a long period of time.

9. Avoid long stays in wet swimwear, clothing, as bacteria love damp places.

10. Change underwear every day, so you do not allow pathogenic bacteria to penetrate into the vagina.

11. Vaginal infections cause intense itching. so try not to scratch. Bringing the infection with dirty hands into scratches on the intimate part of the body is as easy as shelling pears, and the inflamed areas will heal much longer.

12. If the menstrual cycle starts at the time as a vaginal infection is being treated, you can continue treatment during this period, but you should stop using tampons - use pads instead. (You can read the article on this topic: Thrush and Menstruation: Why do women get candidiasis before menstruation?).

13. If you are self-treating a vaginal infection and the condition has not improved, see a doctor for a medical examination. Do not use intimate hygiene products and medications 48 hours before any necessary procedures prescribed by your doctor.

14. Always use condoms during intercourse unless you are in a long-term relationship.

15. Drink enough fluids. This may help flush out the urinary tract to prevent a vaginal infection. If the urine is light yellow or lighter in color, then you are drinking enough water per day.

16. Keep your private parts clean. However, in this situation it is better not to overdo it, i.e. do not use intimate hygiene products. If you need to wash the intimate part of the body, then use a decoction of chamomile. Always wipe from front to back after urinating or having a bowel movement. Wiping your intimate area improperly can easily transfer disease-causing bacteria into your vagina, which can lead to vaginal infection and discharge.

18. If you have diabetes, try to keep your blood sugar under control.

19. Use harmless laundry detergents. You can add an extra rinse cycle at the end of the wash, in case the detergent irritates the skin.

20. If you smoke, try to quit. Smoking makes you more prone to vaginal infections. This habit is also harmful to the unborn child.

Of course, it is necessary to observe basic hygiene, get enough sleep, and eat a balanced diet with appropriate fluid intake (very interesting article Foods to Eat for Thrush), it is these simple principles that contribute to good health and well-being.

The information on the site is provided for informational purposes only. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO PROVIDE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE. The author is not responsible for the permissible consequences of the treatment, procedures, exercises, diet, influence or use of drugs that are contained on the site. The publication of this information does not replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. Before undertaking any course of treatment, the reader should consult a physician or other health care professional.

AIDS in Magadan: how many people get sick, who infects, how can you get an infection?

HIV test. Photo "VM"

HIV / AIDS for the townsfolk is always a terrible combination of letters, although humanity has been living with this virus for 30 years. But even today there are many myths around the disease that have no connection with reality.

Do you know that with the help of therapy, a person with HIV lives a full and long life, can start a family, raise children without the everyday fear of infecting them?

"Very" publishes excerpts from an interview with the newspaper "Vecherniy Magadan" with Olga Zhuravkova, a freelance infectious disease specialist from the Ministry of Health and Demographic Policy of the Magadan Region.

You can see the full version.

Olga Zhuravkova, photo "VM"– How many people living with HIV in Magadan?

- In general, Kolyma is a safe territory, but cases are being recorded. Last year, 57 new cases were registered among Russian citizens, and in the first nine months of this year, 39 patients were identified, and mostly these are permanent residents of Kolyma.

There are few foreigners registered, this year, for example, 6 people. During the year, 435 patients with HIV infection were registered at the dispensary, including contingents of the Federal Penitentiary Service (on average, 30-40 PLWHA are kept in the institutions of the penitentiary system annually).

In the region, HIV infection is registered in all districts. In total, as of June 30, 2018, 1,272,403 people were registered in Russia.

In Russia last year, the incidence rate was 60.5 per 100 thousand, in the Far Eastern Federal District - 35.4, and in our country, in the Magadan Region, - 39.2, which is higher than in the district as a whole, but we also have survey coverage higher than in other Far Eastern subjects - 33% of the population.

– Who is most often infected with this disease in Magadan?

Until 2010, sexual transmission of the virus prevailed on our territory, then synthetic drugs appeared and those who used them began to become infected. Let me remind you that the peak of the epidemic in the Magadan region passed in 2013-2014, and then it was possible to prevent the virus from breaking through from marginalized groups. Over the past three years, we have noted predominantly cases of infection through unprotected sexual contact.

An analysis of completed cases of epidemiological investigation of cases of HIV infection in patients diagnosed in 2018 showed that 80.6% of them were infected through sexual contact. For comparison, in 2017, the share of the sexual route was 56.1%.

Look what a significant increase! At the same time, women become infected through unprotected sexual contact twice as often as men. Women generally have a higher risk due to anatomy and physiology.

HIV infection is a cross section of society. Registered in our Center are people from completely different social strata. These are homeless people, the unemployed, and people with excellent social adaptation, having a family and a stable job. There are children and there are pensioners.

About children, by the way: in 2012, we had the only case of perinatal infection of a child in a woman who used PAS, she did not want this child, she was not observed anywhere and was not examined. At one time we told this story.

In addition, we continue to monitor and treat two children who arrived in our region from other territories of the Russian Federation. Since 2005, 51 women living with HIV in the Magadan Region have completed their pregnancies with childbirth, 11 of them in 2017, and 7 in the nine months of this year, 3 more women prolong their pregnancy. Children born in the last year and a half continue to be monitored, and the rest are taken off the register as HEALTHY. And it's great!!!

How does HIV treatment work?

- Treatment allows not only to take control of the disease in each individual patient. The goal of treatment is to achieve suppression of virus replication (multiplication) in the blood so as to make the load undetectable.

For the patient, this means not only the restoration of immunity to the level of a healthy person, but also a significant reduction in the risk of further transmission of the virus. Thus, we indirectly influence the incidence, we use the “Test and Treat” approach proposed by WHO to reduce the number of new cases.

The technologies of the twenty-first century make it possible to study the virus for drug resistance and select therapy with those drugs to which sensitivity is preserved.

How do people who first learn about their diagnosis react to it?

- The first reaction in 99% of cases is expressed by the phrase "this is some kind of mistake." Although I will never state the diagnosis as an established fact, without absolute certainty about it.

Do not forget that in order to clarify the diagnosis and exclude erroneous results, including those associated with the notorious human factor, sanitary legislation just provides for an algorithm of steps that must be strictly followed in order to avoid errors.

Because the diagnosis of "HIV-infection" is a trauma. Sometimes I hear from my patients: life before HIV and life with HIV. These are two different lives. It happens that the diagnosis radically changes the fate of a person, both for the worse and for the better.

One remarkable priest, Father Methodius, said that HIV is a call, not a curse. And if for society this is a call to pay attention to the problem on a global level, then for an individual it can be a reason to think and reconsider something in their life, to reevaluate values...

– How do people around you feel about HIV/AIDS?

– For more than 30 years we have been living in an epidemic, and I think it’s time for everyone to understand that, firstly, HIV infection is a chronic infectious disease controlled by treatment, which allows you to live a full life, work, have a family and healthy children .

And secondly, there are still three ways of transmitting the virus: parenteral, sexual and vertical (from mother to child). There is no other way for the virus to enter the human body and cause disease. Neither hugs, nor kisses, nor the use of common dishes and bedding, nor a joint trip on public transport will lead to infection. Just like visiting, for example, a swimming pool.

The task of society and each of its individual members is not to stigmatize and discriminate against people living with HIV, but to assess risks, including, and above all, their own.

And the main task, which can be solved only together, but must be solved, is to finally raise a generation free from HIV. Tell your kids about the real risks, how to protect yourself, the dangers of drugs, casual relationships, and family values...

Such a problem as pimples is familiar to each of us. When insidious inflammations appear on the skin, and especially on the face, you just want to squeeze them out! But in order for the rashes to not reappear after this procedure, you need to know how to squeeze a pimple correctly.

What causes acne?

Unpleasant skin rashes can occur in both adults and children, but most often occur in adolescents in puberty due to a hormonal surge.

In addition, acne and pimples can appear for the following reasons:

• insufficient hygiene, the use of low-quality cosmetics;
• hormonal failure (in women during premenstrual syndrome or hormonal diseases);
• vitamin B deficiency;
• decreased immunity, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• malnutrition;
• stress, lack of sleep, emotional overstrain;
• bad habits (alcohol abuse, smoking).

Heredity also plays a big role - a predisposition to this problem, alas, is often passed down from generation to generation.

Varieties

There are several types of acne:

• A comedo is a pimple without an inflammatory process that appears as a result of clogging of the duct of the sebaceous gland with sebum and dead epithelial cells. Comedones are either closed or open. An open one looks like a black dot, most often on the nose and chin, and a closed one looks like a small wen;
• papule (or red pimple) - a comedon inflamed from infection. A ripe pimple has a noticeable white dot in the middle, from which pus subsequently comes out;
• pustule - a formation with purulent contents, having a large white head surrounded by inflamed skin. The main cause of such formations is an introduced bacterial infection.

Is it worth squeezing out?

Both doctors and cosmetologists unequivocally state: pimples cannot be squeezed out on their own, since this can provoke the appearance of new formations on the skin.

Indeed, with improper extrusion, purulent masses of eel spread not only on the surface, but also penetrate deep into the epidermis, causing infection. In addition, inept actions can lead to skin injury and, as a result, ugly scars.

However, it is simply impossible to constantly look at the hated pimple, you want to squeeze it out as soon as possible!

How to squeeze out?

Of course, it is ideal if you seek the help of a professional cosmetologist who will competently and painlessly relieve you of such a problem. But visiting the salon whenever a rash appears on the face or body is, of course, impossible.

You can deal with the problem on your own only if the pimple is already large and fully ripe, that is, it has a white “cap” at the top. Remember that you can squeeze out only single white pimples and blackheads. If there are many inflamed formations, they occur regularly and also hurt, it will not be possible to cope with the problem on your own: most likely, it is caused by some disease that requires separate systemic treatment.

If you feel severe pain when pressed, do not squeeze the pimple, it is better to seek help from a cosmetologist or dermatologist.

1. Before squeezing a pimple, get ready: wash your face with soap (preferably antibacterial), wash your hands thoroughly. Fingers must be perfectly clean, otherwise you can easily bring the infection into the bloodstream.
2. To make the purulent contents easier to extract, make a steam bath: pour a few tablespoons of dry pharmaceutical chamomile into a bowl, pour hot water, simmer in a water bath for 7-10 minutes, cool a little. Bend your face over the bowl for a few minutes, covering yourself with a towel. If the formation is not on the face, moisten clean gauze with a decoction and apply it to the sore spot for 7-8 minutes.
3. You need to squeeze a pimple only with the pads of your fingers, and not with your nails. If you have a sharp long manicure, wrap your fingers with gauze or a clean, dry cloth.
4. Take a sharp needle, disinfect with alcohol and gently, holding it parallel to the skin, pierce the white head.
5. On both sides, squeeze the skin with the pads of your fingers and squeeze it until all the pus comes out. After the ichor appears on the surface, remove your fingers.
6. Remove the pus with a napkin and blot the wound with gauze moistened with Banziron cream or gel (this is a pharmacy drug that has antibacterial and wound healing effects).
7. After the procedure, allow the skin to "rest", saturate with oxygen - so the healing process will be faster. Many women, after squeezing, immediately apply decorative cosmetics to their face, wanting to make redness less noticeable. However, this cannot be done, because in this way an infection can be introduced into the wound, and it will heal more slowly.

For this reason, it is better to carry out the procedure in the evening before going to bed - with proper treatment, the next morning the wound will be almost invisible.

Prevention

In order not to encounter an unpleasant problem, it is necessary to make every effort to prevent its occurrence:

• maintain hygiene: cleanse your skin daily with suitable cosmetics, and use a soft scrub once a week;
• after washing, wipe your face with a decoction of chamomile or string - these herbs have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects;
• use antibacterial cosmetics aimed at combating acne. A professional cosmetologist will help you choose it;
• eat right, exclude from the diet too fatty, spicy, sweet, as well as smoked and pickled foods, fast food;
• give up bad habits;
• several times a year, take a complex of vitamins and minerals recommended by your doctor;
• try not to touch your face with unwashed hands;
• change bed linen and towels more often.

Of course, it is better not to touch neoplasms, especially on the face - any pimple disappears on its own over time. But if you still decide to take this step, be sure to follow the suggested recommendations.

Every person at least once in his life had to feel for himself what an infected wound is and how long and painstaking the process of its treatment is. According to the classification of injuries, this type of wound is the most dangerous, which, if improperly and belatedly treated, can cause enormous harm to health, up to amputation of limbs or death.

This form of infection in wounds is caused by an imbalance between the microbes that have entered the wound and the protective properties of the body. Especially often an infection develops in people suffering from diabetes mellitus and circulatory disorders due to weakened immunity, which cannot fully resist the disease process. Abrasions and bruised knees in children are also a cause for concern.

There are cases when it is not possible to provide first aid or treat the site of injury, and then suppuration begins in the wound. Pyogenic bacteria infect the wound, and as a result, a general infection of the blood occurs, which can have disastrous consequences for the victim.

A pronounced sign of an infected state of the wound, that is, the presence of an infection in it, is the accumulation of separated pus. There are some features of purulent wounds that help to recognize them among other types of damage.

The main signs of infection in the wound are:

1. Pain in the area of ​​the wound, which has a pulsating and aching character.
2. There is swelling around the wound.
3. Redness around the wound at a distance of 1-2 cm.
4. An increase in body temperature above 37 ° C indicates that the infection has begun to spread throughout the body.

These symptoms can be supplemented by general disorders throughout the body: dizziness, nausea and weakness.

Particularly dangerous for humans and favorable for infection is the period of the first 6-8 hours, when the pathogenic properties of microbial contamination are more pronounced. For the development of infection, the presence of dead tissue is favorable.

In severe purulent infection, the body responds with a general reaction according to the nature and extent of the local process. As soon as symptoms appear in the form of edema and phlegmon, this reaction intensifies. Its prominent representative is fever, which manifests itself in a deterioration in the patient's well-being, increasing pain in the wound, changes in the blood (an increase in leukocytes, the appearance of protein and hyaline cylinders).

Read also:

What to do if you burn your finger -

Complications when infected with a purulent infection

A serious complication of infection with a purulent infection is sepsis - a general infection of the body with microbes that have entered the bloodstream.

This disease occurs against the background of a violation of protective immunological reactions or in the process of a long-term neglected course of a purulent wound process. With sepsis, there is a different incubation period, which can last from two days to several months.

This condition is divided into acute, subacute and chronic sepsis. In severe cases, acute sepsis can result in the death of the patient within 2 days to 2 weeks, subacute - from 16 days to 2 months, chronic - from 2 to 4 months.

Acute sepsis is characterized by high fever accompanied by fever. The patient's condition is classified as serious. The skin becomes earthy. In patients, the pulse is weakly felt, tachycardia begins, a decrease in blood pressure, anemia increases, signs of leukocytosis appear. The condition of the wound is dry, with pale granulations, it bleeds easily, a white coating appears. At the slightest suspicion of sepsis, doctors perform immediate surgical intervention. This is the most effective way to save a patient's life.

Treatment of infected wounds

If purulent discharge began to appear in the wound, this indicates that an infection has entered it. For rapid wound healing, the infection must be suppressed by providing the victim with the necessary assistance. First you need to ensure the outflow of pus. If it has accumulated under the crust formed on the wound, it is soaked in hydrogen peroxide and removed with a bandage dipped in peroxide or another antiseptic applied for half an hour. If pus is secreted under the skin, it is squeezed out of the hole, which is made along the edge where the skin flap has dried.

Mandatory procedures are daily wound treatments with hydrogen peroxide. If necessary, pus must be squeezed out. Levomekol ointment is a good tool that promotes the healing of an already cleaned wound. It is recommended to apply a bandage with this ointment to the wound daily.

In acute suppuration (phlegmon, abscess), they resort to surgical intervention. The wound is opened with a scalpel, excision of non-viable tissues is performed and wound discharge is taken for laboratory studies of microflora and its sensitivity to antibiotics. The wound is washed and dried for several times, then swabs soaked in saline are applied to the site of wound suppuration. For some patients with severe pain, saline is replaced with a solution of novocaine. Sutures are applied, which, with a good result of healing, are removed on the ninth day.

Physicians very successfully use napkins with immobilized trypsin to heal purulent wounds, thanks to which local manifestations of inflammation disappear after several times of application of the solution. On the first day, pain disappears and the wound contents exfoliate, the blood count improves. The terms of cleansing wounds and their further treatment after the use of this medicine are halved. High economy, efficiency and ease of use are the main indicators of immobilized trypsin preparations.

For certain indications, patients are prescribed analgesics, antihistamines and detoxification agents. Throughout therapy, it is recommended to use immune stimulants. With the threat of the spread of infection, according to bacteriological tests, doctors prescribe antibiotics. Control over the course of the healing process, treatment and adaptation in the postoperative period is carried out by physicians during dressing procedures.

Much attention is paid to the expressiveness of inflammatory processes on the sides of the wound, the study of wound material and the patient's blood, as well as studies of the microbial spectrum. Doctors pay special attention to patients with diabetes and people with problems in the circulatory system. Their treatment is based on a different scheme and has a number of features due to the complexity of wound healing.

Youtube.com/watch?v=kKYzHw8fHHw

First aid

In the field, the treatment of infected wounds consists of several stages. If the victims are on a hike, on vacation in the forest or mountains, where there are no medical facilities, then the entire treatment process lies with the team. To do this, it is worth remembering a few recommendations aimed at providing first aid in case of a serious wound:

• it is necessary to stop the bleeding (apply a bandage or tourniquet);
• treat the skin around the wound with a clean swab with an antiseptic (alcohol, iodine, hydrogen peroxide);
• treat the wound itself with chlorhexidine, a solution of potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide;
• apply a sterile dressing.

If the wound is serious, then it will become inflamed in a few days. For her treatment, you need to urgently consult a doctor in a nearby village.

Youtube.com/watch?v=l9iukhThJbk

Leaving the places of civilization for a long time, you need to have a supply of first aid medicines with you: antiseptics, Vishnevsky ointment, Streptocide, Syntomethacin. And, of course, it must be remembered that active, timely treatment with complex and differentiated therapy, the inclusion of modern methods of rehabilitation measures will help speed up the healing process of wounds complicated by infection. Careless attitude to health problems can lead to irreparable trouble.

How to recognize that infection in the wound? First of all, it is necessary to examine the violation of the integrity of the cover for the depth of the lesion. If the wound is deep, the possibility of infection is very high. But this does not mean that it is impossible to get an infection by getting a small abrasion. First aid involves washing the wound with soapy water. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide - treat the damage, lubricate the edges of the wound with iodine and seal it with a plaster or a sterile bandage. Prompt about the infection of the wound - will help constant monitoring of its condition.

Symptoms of infection

The first symptoms of infection in the wound: redness around the injured area; the presence of swelling; the appearance of swelling. With these symptoms, the body signals that the immune system has failed, as a result of which the healing process has stopped. If within five days the symptoms do not disappear, contacting a doctor for help should be mandatory.

Diagnosis

Provided for the delivery of laboratory tests. Fighters with inflammatory processes are leukocytes. When they die, the body releases pus. But this does not mean that everything is so bad. If the leukocytes die, then the struggle continues, only she needs to be helped with medication.

Common sense

Small wound infections can be treated on their own. But if the wound was obtained by the bite of a dog or an unknown insect, or as a result of injections, it is impossible to do without the intervention of doctors. Medicine has many methods of dealing with wound-borne infections and, as a rule, the prognosis is favorable.