Can there be increased pressure on the early period of pregnancy. Blood test in children when teething teethe: Can leukocytes, soe and lymphocytes increase? What indicators are considered normal

GENERAL BLOOD ANALYSIS

An analysis takes an empty stomach of a finger or from veins.

Blood indicators:

Platelets - play an important role in planing of platelets can be caused by increased consumption of platelets (chronic bleeding) or immune disorders, due to which platelets are partially ceased to be produced or have an incorrect structure. The increase in platelets is most often caused by thickening blood (dehydration due to vomiting or frequent liquid stool, low water consumption).

Erythrocytes - Red blood cells, the main function is the transfer of to body tissues, and carbon dioxide transport in the opposite direction.
HEMOGLOBIN - complicated and able to reversibly communicate with , providing his transfer to the fabric. Reducing the hemoglobin content (in an adult below 110 g / l - speaks of anemia.

SE (ROO) - The rate of settlement of red blood cells - speaks of chronic or acute inflammation in the body.

Normally, an adult blood test looks like this:

- Hemoglobin (HB)

husband: 130-160 g / l

women: 120-140 g / l

- Erythrocytes

husband: 4 x 10-5.1 x 10 / l

women: 3.7 x 10-4.7 x 10 / l

- Leukocytes: 4x10 * 9 - 8,5x10 * 9 / l

Leukocyte formula:

60-75% of the total number of leukocytes, rod - up to 6.

Eosinophils: up to 5

Lymphocytes:

Basophiles: 0-1

Monocytes: up to 11.

- platelets: 180-360 thousand / ml.

- SE - 2-15 mm / h.

GENERAL URINE ANALYSIS

It shows the quality of the operation of the excretory system. Before collecting urine, it is necessary to hold the toilet of the genital organs. For analysis, the average portion of urine is used. Urine must be delivered to the laboratory no later than 2 hours after harvesting.

COLOR from straw to yellow. The assent of the yellow color of urine depends on the concentration of substances dissolved in it. The color is changing at the reception of drugs (salicylates, etc.) or the use of some foods (beets, blueberries). Muddy urine - means the presence of impurities of salts (phosphates, urates, calcium oxalates), bacteria, erythrocytes, which can talk about inflammatory kidney diseases.

ACIDITY urine (pH) depends on the nature of nutrition. If you like meat food, then when analyzing urine, the acidic urine reaction will be observed if you are a vegetarian or adhering to the dairy diet, the urine reaction will be alkaline. With a mixed nutrition, it is mainly formed by acidized acid exchange products, therefore it is considered that the urine reaction is acidic. The urine's pitch reaction is characteristic of chronic urinary tract infections, and also noted with diarrhea, vomiting. The acidity of urine increases with feverish states, diabetes mellitus, renal tuberculosis or bladder, renal failure.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY (Specific density) characterizes the filtering function of the kidneys and depends on the amount of selected organic compounds (urea, uric acid, salts), chlorine, sodium, potassium, as well as from the amount of urine released. In norm, the proportion is 1010-1030. Changes in the specific weight of urine towards the decline may indicate chronic renal failure. The increase in the specific gravity speaks of inflammatory diseases of the kidneys (glomerulonephritis), possible diabetes, large loss of liquid or its small use.

PROTEIN there is no healthy person in the urine. His appearance usually talks about the disease of the kidneys, the aggravation of chronic kidney disease.

GLUCOSE normally in general analysis of urine.

Leukocytes normally may be present in the urine in the amount of 0-5 in the field of view. An increase in the number of leukocytes in the urine (leukocyturia, pyuria) in combination with bacteriuria and necessarily with any symptoms (for example, rapid painful urination, or an increase in body temperature, or pain in the lumbar region) indicates infection of infectious nature in the kidneys or urinary tract.

Erythrocytes and bacteria . Erythrocytes in the norm may be present in the urine in the amount of 0-3 in sight. Bacteria Normally in the normal analysis of urine. The presence of bacteria is a sign of chronic or sharp kidney diseases, urinary tract. A particularly dangerous phenomenon is asymptomatic bacteriuria, that is, the presence of changes in analyzes in the absence of patient complaints. It is dangerous due to the fact that it can flow arbitrarily for a long time without appropriate treatment and observation, while pregnancy develops inflammatory diseases of the urinary system, which has a negative impact on the course of pregnancy and on the state of the fetus.

Cylinders in normal in general analysis of urine. Cylinderuria is a symptom of kidney damage, so it is always accompanied by the presence of protein and renal epithelium in the urine.

Single revealed urine changes are not yet diagnosed. To clarify the situation, the doctor will appoint additional surveys .

BLOOD CHEMISTRY

This analysis allows the doctor to judge the state of the internal organs and their enzymatic function. Analysis is given on an empty stomach (in the morning), blood is taken from Vienna.

GLUCOSE - This is an energy source for cells. For the absorption of glucose cells, the normal insulin content is necessary - the hormone of the pancreas. Normally, the level of glucose from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l. The decrease in glucose speaks of starvation, with a poorly selected treatment of diabetes mellitus. Increased glucose levels indicates diabetes mellitus. However, it can be physiological - after meals.

Bilirubin common - Component of bile. Normally not more than 20.5 mmol / l. High digits may appear after 24-48 hours of fasting, with a long diet, with liver diseases.

UREA - Product of the exchange of proteins, removed by the kidneys. The norm is 4.2 - 8.3 mmol / l or 2.1-7.1 mmol / l (g). Its enhancement indicates a violation of the excretory function of the kidneys.

URIC ACID - Product of the exchange of nucleic acids, derived by the kidneys. Norm from 179 to 476 μmol / l. In healthy people, its level in blood and urine can increase with a high content of chemical purines in food (they are contained in meat, wine) and decrease with diet. It occurs when gougraning, leukose, acute infections, liver diseases, chronic eczema, psoriasis, kidney disease.

Common protein - It is part of all the anatomical structures, tolerates the blood substances and in cells, accelerates the flow of biochemical reactions, regulates metabolism and much more. The norm is 65-85 g / l. The total protein consists of two fractions: albumin and globulins. Albumin - at least 54%. Reducing the level of general protein occurs during diseases of the kidneys, starvation, long inflammatory diseases. Increased levels can be in some diseases of blood, with systemic diseases of the connective tissue, with cirrhosis of the liver.

Creatinine - Product of the exchange of proteins, withdrawn by the kidneys. Its raising also indicates a violation of the excretory function of the kidneys. The norm is 44-150 μmol / l.

AMYLASE – the enzyme generated by the cells of the pancreas and the parole salivary glands. Norm from 0.8 to 3.2 m / l. Increasing his level speaks of pancreas diseases. Reducing blood levels can show hepatitis.

Common cholesterol - Substance coming from outside and forming in the body. With its participation, sex and some other hormones, vitamins, bile acids are formed. Norm from 3.6 to 6.7 mmol / l. Ross increases with diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney diseases, lowering the function of the thyroid gland. The level of cholesterol is reduced while increasing the function of the thyroid gland, chronic heart failure, certain types of anemia.

CALCIUM - an element involved in the conduct of a nervous impulse, blood coagulation and the bone tissue and enamel of the teeth. Norm 2.15-2.5 mmol / l. An increase in calcium level can be associated with an increase in the function of the parathyroid gland, excessive vitamin D, a decrease - a deficiency of vitamin D, a violation of the kidney function.

Potassium, sodium, chlorides provide electrical properties of cell membranes are included in the inner fluid of the body (extracellular fluid in tissues, blood, gastric juice). The change in their quantity is possible when fasting, dehydration, violation of the function of the kidneys and the adrenal cortex.

Sodium norm - 135-145 mmol / l, potassium - 2.23-2.57 mmol / l, chlorides - 97-110 mmol / l.

MAGNESIUM - an element that is part of a number of enzymes necessary for the functioning of the heart, nervous and muscle tissue. Increasing its level is possible in violation of the kidney function, adrenal glands, and a decrease - with a violation of the function of the parachitoid glands.

Norm - 0.65-1.05 mmol / l.

Phosphorus unlimited - an element in the composition of nucleic acids, bone tissue and basic cell energy supply systems. Adjustable in parallel with calcium level.

Norm - 0.87-1.45 mmol / l.

Alkaline phosphotia - Enzyme formed in bone tissue, liver, intestines, placenta, lungs. It serves to overall the evaluation of these organs.

Norm -38-126 IU / l.

IRON - A substance that is part of hemoglobin and participating in the transfer of blood oxygen. Reduced level indicates anemia.

The norm is 9-31.1 μmol / l.

Triglycirids - In terms of triglycirides, you can judge the features of nutrition. It can increase with the use of a large number of animal fats and decrease with a vegetarian diet.

Norma - from 0.43 to 1.81 mmol / l.

Alaninaotransferase (Alt) - The liver enzyme involved in the exchange of amino acids. The enhancement enzyme is possible when the liver function is violated or organs, where the Alt is accumulated (heart, skeletal muscles, nervous tissue, kidneys).

Norm - up to 31 U / l.

Aspartataminotransferase (AST)– the liver enzyme involved in the sharing of amino acids.

Norm - up to 31 U / l.

Coagulogram. Hemostasiogram

Coagulogram (blood test for hemostasis) is the necessary stage of study of blood coagulation during pregnancy, before operations, in the postoperative period, i.e. In those situations where the patient expects some loss of blood, as well asfor varicose extension of veins lower extremities, autoimmune diseases and liver diseases. Blood coagulation disorders, especially its increase or hypercoagulationmay result in dangerous consequences for the body, cause infarction, stroke, thrombosis.

During pregnancy coagulogram always shows increased blood clotting. If the coagulation values \u200b\u200bare higher than the norm, the clomes can be formed in the placenta vessels, as a result of this, the child has no oxygen, which can lead to miscarriage, premature childbirth or birth of a child with heavy violations Makes.

Hemostasis of blood supported by the balance of three systems:

· Coagulation system activating platelets, their sticking to the wall of blood vessels and gluing (main components: fibrinogen, platelets, calcium, vascular wall).

· Antoslude system controlling blood coagulation and preventing spontaneous thrombosis (antithrombin III)

· Fibrinolytic system dissolving bunches (plasmin).

Smear on flora

Smear on flora - This is microscopy scas, from the urethra, the contents of the rear wall of the vagina and cervix.

Decryption of smear:

– p selo epithelium - Cell layer, lining the vagina and cervix. In a normal smear of the epithelium should be present. If the smear of the epithelium does not contain, then the gynecologist has a reason to assume lack of estrogenExcess male genital hormones. The absence of a flat epithelium in a smear indicates atrophy of epithelial cells.

– leukocytes - Norma up to 15 units in sight. A small number of leukocytes will be considered the norm, since leukocytes perform a protective function, prevent infection penetration into full bodies of women. Elevated are observed inflammation of the vagina (Colpit, vaginitis). The more leukocytes in the smear, the sharper the disease flows.

– p alochymake up normal microflora vagina. In addition to sticks in the smear there should be no other microorganisms.

– small sticks - This is most often Gardnerells - Caudeno Gardnerellis or Vaginal Dysbiosis.

– "Key" cells (Atypical cells) are the cells of a flat epithelium glued with a shallow wand. As with Gardnerella, if the smears contain atypical cells, the doctor can diagnose - vaginal dysbiosis.

– fungus - Sign of candidiasis (thrush). In the hidden (asymptomatic) stages of the milbs of the fungus in a smear can be detected in the form of a dispute.

Even if the results of the smear show the presence of Cockkops, shallow sticks and "key" cells indicating the bacterial vaginosis, one of the results of the smear are not enough to form a diagnosis. It is necessary to carry out an additional examination: bacteriological sowing and DNA diagnostic (smear pCR method).

Bakposev

Bacteriological method studies of the smear taken from the vagina or urethra lies in the fact that this material is placed in a special nutrient medium that contributes to the reproduction of certain bacteria. Bakposposev allows differentiated non-specific bacterial flora, determine the species affiliation and the amount of pathogen. In addition, it is very important for subsequent treatment, bakposposev makes it possible to determine the sensitivity to antibacterial drugs

PCR diagnostics

PCR - polymerase chain reaction . The main advantage of the method DNA It is that it allows you to determine small amounts of causative agent, as well as persistent forms of pathogens with which you have to face in the treatment of latent and chronic infections. Sensitivity and specificity of the method PCR high - 95%.

Mail to cytology

A stroke to cytology is a cytological study of smears taken from the surface of the cervix and from the cervical canal. This analysis is carried out annually by all women older than 18 years old, living sexual life. Processor is absolutely painless. Next is not carried out during menstruation and with the presence of an inflammatory process.

Normally, cells of a flat and cylindrical epithelium are found in the smear without features.The appearance in the smear of atypical cells is a signal about the disadvantage . The reason may be inflammatory processes caused by urogenital infections (mycoplasma, gonococci, trichomonas, chlamydia, etc.), background diseases (erosion, ectopia, leukoplakia, polyps, etc.), as well as prejudice states (dysplasia) and malignant reversals of cells.

Each pathology has its cytological features that will be described in a cytogram.

Further surveys are depends on the results of cytology: colposcopy (inspection of the cervix with an increase with a special device - colposcope), PCR study, RAR test, bacteriological research (sowing), biopsy with follow-up histology (taking a piece of fabric with suspicious sites and research under a microscope).

Under osteochondrosis, the SE indicator may increase due to the displacement of the intervertebral discs and the compression of the vessels, which affects blood circulation. The disease traums the back in the field of nerve roots and gives a negative effect on the internal other organs. To put an accurate diagnosis, you need to consult a doctor for further diagnostics.

Blood is sensitive to any rearrangements in the body. Analysis will demonstrate to a specialist important data that will help put an accurate diagnosis and appoint further treatment:

1. Hemoglobin level.
2. The content of platelets, leukocytes, erythrocytes.
3. Leukocyte formula.
4. The average volume of erythrocyte.
5. ESO (erythrocyte sedimentation rate).

All indicators will help accurately determine the presence of a disease - this analysis will help identify suspected inflammation, oncological disease or infection. The indicator may indicate osteochondrosis.

Elevated high-speed sedimentation of red blood cells in the deviation from the norm by 5 mm / hour.

Doctors are guided by the indicators:

Men	2-10 mm / hour.
Women	2-15 mm / hour.
Children	4-12 mm / hour.

If the SE remains increased more than ten days, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive diagnosis of the body, reveal the root cause of the inflammatory process. Perhaps this is osteochondrosis.

Possible causes of raising

Causes of ESP increase:

1. Inflammatory process.
2. Poisoning.
3. The presence of a malignant tumor.
4. Hormonal disbalance.
5. The presence of infection.
6. Pregnancy, postpartum, menstruation.
7. Tuberculosis.
8. Osteochondrosis.
9. Renal diseases.

ESO is sometimes increasing due to the reactions of the psyche. At the time of receipt of a large dose of adrenaline, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate becomes higher. After it goes a little time, it is normalized again.

No need to cause such an increase specifically or too often.

It is necessary to donate blood on the ESR on the hungry stomach. It is possible that the digestion process may affect the analysis result. In addition to these reasons, high rates may be in patients receiving some drugs. There are people (5% from the entire planet), who have a highly high from birth, without pathologies.
Could it be raised by mete during osteochondrosis

The reason for increased ESO, rheumatological diseases are becoming. They are numbered about 200. Common diseases: temporal arteritis, systemic and focal sclerodermia, rheumatic polymalgia and osteochondrosis. In most people who have serious rheumatological diseases, the indicator reaches 50-70 mm / h.

The rheumatological disease may cause an increase in ESR. And the increase in osteochondrosis more often indicates the inflammatory process (for example, the inflammation of the sciatic nerve).

Often, when taking a general blood test in humans, the result is painful, the result shows a high speed of erythrocyte sedimentation.

Other symptoms in osteochondrosis are:

1. Dizziness.
2. Acute or still pain in the lower back.
3. Feeling cold or burning in the legs.
4. Reducing vision and hearing.
5. Breast pain with any movements.

Causes of low SEE

Low erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a disorder of the water-salt balance in the body. It is more likely to have vegetarians - they exclude from the diet as meat and the whole food of animal origin. Or low characteristic of people who actively develop muscle dystrophy. The condition cannot indicate osteochondrosis.

Other reasons for low soe:

1. Fasting (diet).
2. Pregnancy in the 1st and 2nd trimesters.
3. Reception steroid hormones.
4. Genetic changes.
5. Heart diseases.
6. Reception of individual drugs (aspirin, calcium chloride).
7. Blood circulation.
8. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DVS).

Diseases under which there is a reduced: hypoglobulinemia, sickle-cell anemia, red blood cell, hepatitis, jaundice, tachycardia, neurosis.

Treatment in violation of soe

Treatment of impaired ESP is impossible, it is a symptom that can bring closer to the definition of the diagnosis. The numerous repetition of the analysis helps track how the cure process passes, its effectiveness. After proper treatment, the indicator itself gradually comes back. Normalize gradually, in a complex with different therapy.

To check the SEA check in a medical organization with specialized equipment. But the result of the analysis is not a too important diagnostic indicator of osteochondrosis.

To determine the diagnosis, you must take into account other symptoms and the content of uniform elements.

If, after a wide survey, no dangerous pathologies were found, then at raising you need to booze the beets and use 50 grams in the morning during the week. Or to normalize the right diet, comply with the time of food intake and ensure healthy nutrition. All formalities appoint a doctor.

What is important to know

If osteochondrosis is treated in a complex with other checks, and not just blood test, then the diagnosis can be put before. Tomography or X-ray should be made. Only a doctor will be able to assign a corresponding course of treatment with the disease of the spine. In the complex it is possible to use traditional medicine, massage, self-massage, physical burden in the form of gymnastic exercises. It is well affected by acupuncture, physiotherapy, medication treatment with osteochondrosis. With the latter you need to become careful and take pills only if the doctor is written. Do not forget to adjust the correct diet.

A whole deviation from the norm in blood tests warns that the body is incorrectly functioning. The reasons for this in each case will be different. Not always a minor shift indicators indicates the presence of a serious disease. The reasons may be a violation of the day, nutrition, weather conditions (for meteo-dependent people) and even teething. In any case, the observation of the doctor is necessarily.

Normal indicators of EE, leukocytes and lymphocytes in the child's blood

What is soe? The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a laboratory indicator that reflects the ratio of plasma protein fractions. The density of red blood cells is significantly higher than the density of the plasma and therefore they settle on the bottom of the tube, and at what speed they do it is an information indicator.

Normally in the babe of children:

Leukocytes - White blood tales, the main function of which is the protection of the body from pathogenic agents. They are divided into several types:

The norm changes as agreed. Baby levels are significantly elevated:

• up to 1 year equals 9.2-13.8 × 10 × / l;
• up to 3 - 6-17 × 10⁹g / l;
• up to 10 - 6.1-11.4 × 10⁹g / l;
• after 12 years equal to the norm of an adult;
• in adult 4-9x10g / l.

Lymphocytes - Cells of our immune system, a variety of leukocytes. They assigned the role of antibodies (humoral immunity) and interaction with, mainly, victims (cellular immunity). In the organism of an adult from 25 to 40% of all leukocytes contained in biological fluid, the lymphocytes (from 500 to 1500 cells in 1 μl), in children their presence is 50%.

What could a deviation from the norm?

Raising SEE

The children's children have more often in infectious-inflammatory processes, but it is important to know that such an increase is accompanied, plus to everything, symptomatic inherent in one or another infection (an increase in body temperature, catarrhal phenomena, etc.). If an increase in the ESP is a single symptom, then a further examination is shown.

The causes of the CE change towards the increase are:

Increased leukocytes

The causes of leukocytosis mass, from the most harmless (overheating in the sun, hot bath, excessive physical activity) to very serious. It is more often noted in the following cases:

• reduced immunity;
• burns, injuries;
• stressful situations;
• oncological processes;
• infectious or viral diseases;
• allergic reactions.

Lymphocytes are not normal

As we know, lymphocytes are a variety of leukocytes. They differ from their fellow things that fight, to a greater extent, with internal (relative) cells of the body, which for some reason are amazed. For example, cancer cells subject to mutations, cells affected by viruses, etc.

Increasing the level of lymphocytes in medical language sounds like lymphocytosis. Lymphocytosis can be marked with:

How does the teething effect affect the blood formula?

During the teething of teeth, the children decreases immunity, and in this background the children's body is most susceptible to the attack of viruses. The child is a gum, hypersivia, he pulls everything in his field of view.

Naturally, microorganisms falling on the oral mucosa, multiply, leading to an infectious process in a small organism. In itself, the teething of the teeth cannot change the picture of the blood, but if during this period the child picked up an infection, then there will be an increase in ESP, leukocytes can be increased.

Perhaps the most common complications during the teething of the teeth are changes in the behavior of the child, it becomes a capricious, flexible. At the same time, the appetite is disturbed, the baby refuses even from his favorite delicacy. Problems appear with sleep, it is short with frequent awakening.

Analysis of urine

No less informative is urine analysis. It is handed over both planned medical examinations and to assess the state of health during the disease. Indicators that are evaluated during the analysis are:

• color - golden or straw yellow;
• transparency - normal urine is always transparent;
• density - 1010-1024 g / l;
• fencing - Under the scarring, unstable transparent foam is formed;
• the smell corresponds to the disease, for example, with phenylketonuria the smell of urine mouse;
• acidness - pH 5.0-7.0;
• the presence of a protein is considered to be a deviation from the norm more than 0.033g / l.

What if analyzes are not normal?

There are planned children's inspections by district pediatricians and doctors by experts. If the child at the moment of such inspection, blood indicators are far from the norm, it is not worth writing up for teething, you need to pass an additional examination and track the picture of the disease in the dynamics.

One of the indicators undertaken during the clinical analysis of blood (general analysis) is the rate of sedimentation of the erythrocytes denoted by the short abbreviation of ESP, or ROE. Its value for diagnosing diseases is although not specific, but quite large, since the elevated ESP in the blood is a reason for conducting further diagnostic search. The main reasons for this kind of deviations from the norm are given in this article.

In which case, they talk about the acceleration of SE

The generally accepted rate of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate indicator is:

• For adults of the male - 1-10 mm / h;
• For adults of female - 2-15 mm / h;
• For persons over 75 years old - up to 20 mm / h;
• Little children regardless of the floor of the child - 3-12 mm / h.

The unit of measure sounds, as the number of millimeters, to which the erythrocytes are settled in one hour. The basis of such a diagnostic test is the study of the ability of erythrocytes under the action of its own weight to fall into a precipitate when staying in a vertical thin glass vessel under conditions of depriving blood ability to coagulation. Therefore, the SE value determines the content of erythrocytes and the composition of the plasma, as well as their functional abilities and fullness.

Important to remember! The increase or acceleration of the ESP speak when the age norm of the indicator is exceeded. This increase can be as minor (several millimeters) and pronounced (dozens of mm / h). The larger the deviation from the norm, the higher the diagnostic value of this indicator!

Physiological acceleration

There are a number of states in which high SE has the right to be regarded as an option of the norm. Causes of increasing this kind:

• Any time of pregnancy, especially against the background of toxicosis;
• Lactation and breastfeeding;
• Reception of drugs containing hormonal substances (sex hormones, oral contraceptives);
• Anemia of any kind and origin;
• Loss of mass on the background of power failure (diet or post);
• Overweight with obesity and an increase in blood cholesterol fractions;
• Formation of immunity against the background of transferred infectious processes or vaccinations.

SE as a signal of presence infection in the body

Inflammatory reactions

Inflammation in any of the sections of the human body, sooner or later, will lead to an increase in ESP. This is due to the fact that during inflammation there is a constant release of specific substances into the blood, changing the charge of the erythrocyte membrane or the qualitative composition of blood plasma. The more intensely expressed inflammation in the body, the more SE will be accelerated. Specifications regarding the localization of the process cannot be determined by this indicator. These may be inflammatory processes in the brain and its shells, soft fabrics of limbs, internal organs and intestines, lymph nodes, kidneys and bladder, heart and lungs. Therefore, when evaluating the increased ESP in the blood, attention is necessarily drawn to the clinical symptoms and signs of the disease in the patient.

Void processes

Most cases of diseases accompanied by a purulent flavored tissue diagnose not so much the EFA indicator. They are characterized by a bright clinical picture and do not require a large diagnostic search. But sometimes, according to the assessment of the ability of erythrocytes to settlement, it is possible to suspend the presence of valve processes. It is most characteristic of persons with a decrease in immunity. In such people in the presence of large uluses (abscesses, phlegmon, furunculosis, sepsis), even leukocytes may not go beyond the norm.

Autoimmune diseases

Very much ESP increases and is long continued at a high level with autoimmune diseases. These include various vasculitis, thrombocytopenic purpura, red lupus, rheumatic and rheumatoid arthritis, sclerodermia. Such a reaction of the indicator is related to the fact that all these diseases change the properties of blood plasma so that it is overtaken by immune complexes, making blood defective.

Increasing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in combination with an increase in the number of leukocytes indicates the presence of sharp inflammatory diseases

Malignant neoplasms

Moderate, but resistant acceleration of ESP in persons after 40 years without visible signs of any pathology should alarm in relation to the potential possibility of cancer. Malignant neoplasms of any localization are equally able to affect the ability of erythrocytes to sedimentation. That is why it is not attributed to specific markers of certain types of cancer. Such patients are required to undergo a prophylactic oncological examination procedure, which can be expanded by additional methods in the presence of indications. Especially ESP increased during cancer transformation of bone marrow - leukemia and any kind of diseases associated with blood-made cloth.

Important to remember! Evaluating ESP, attention is necessarily drawn to the cellular composition of the blood. It is unacceptable only according to the characteristics of this indicator to make the final conclusions about the presence of diseases!

Fabric destruction

Any destructive changes in a aseptic tissue can also cause an increase in ESP. As a rule, it occurs after some time after the problem occurs. These states include the myocardial infarction and post-infarction period, violation of the blood supply to the lower limbs, great injuries and burns, operational interventions, any poisoning.

There are a lot of reasons for increasing ESP. Therefore, the assessment of this indicator can be trusted only by a truly knowledgeable specialist. You should not independently do what confidence cannot be correctly defined.

Lymphocytes are one of the most important indicators of white blood, which is responsible for the imminent consistency. Increased level of lymphocytes may indicate any disease and is a signal that cannot be ignored.

Therefore, we propose to figure out that they are lymphocytic blood cells, what is their role in the body, which indicator is considered the norm, and what pathology.

We also tell me what could be the causes of improving lymphocytes and to which specialist in this case should be handled.

Lymphocytes are representatives of white blood that do not have grainies, therefore belong to the number of agranulocytes.

Lymphocytic cells are formed in a thymus and bone marrow, as well as their small amounts are produced by lymph nodes, spleen, almonds and port plaques of the intestinal mucous membrane.

In the body on the lymphocytes are assigned The following tasks:

• ensuring humoral immunity by developing antibodies to alien agents;
• provision of cellular immunity due to the destruction of alien agents T-killers, phagocytes, etc.;
• regulation of the work of other cell cells.

All lymphocytes for functions share for several species, namely:

• In lymphocytes that perform the search for alien agents and produce antibodies against them;
• T-lymphocytes, among which T-helpers and T-killers distinguish;
• NK lymphocytes that are designed to control the qualitative composition of cell cells.

In medicine, it is customary to display the number of leukocytes in the form of a percentage ratio (relative indicator) - leukocyte formula. But this mapping method does not always show a real picture, so the determination of the absolute number of leukocytes is more accurate.

In the analysis of the blood of an adult, the percentage of lymphocytes should be in the range of 20-40%.

In children, the number of lymphocytes in the blood depends on age, so consider the age norms of this indicator:

• from 45 to 70% - children under 12 months;
• from 37 to 60% - children from 12 months to 2 years;
• from 33 to 55% - children from 2 to 6 years;
• from 30 to 50% - children from 6 to 9 years;
• from 30-46% - children over 9 years old and teenagers.

General blood test is the main diagnostic method, which allows you to determine the increased amount of lymphocytes in the human body.

Increased content of lymphocytes in the blood is called lymphocytosis.

Lymphocytosis can be absolute when all types of white blood cells are elevated, and relative when lymphocytes are increasing in isolated, and monocytes, neutrophilic, basophilic and eosinophilic leukocytes are reduced. Lymphocytosis can be reactive and malignant.

Jet lymphocytosis are a normal body reaction to the invasion of an alien agent and are observed in infectious and inflammatory diseases, malignant tumors, extensive injuries, poisoning, etc.

Malignant lymphocytosis arise due to uncontrolled growth of lymphoid tissue under leukemia.

Lymphocytes enhanced in adult: why?

Causes of improving lymphocytes can be as follows:

Increased blood lymphocytes in an adult with relative lymphocytosis may be a consequence such states like:

• acute viral diseases;
• rheumatism;
• hyperthyroidism;
• increased spleen.

With absolute lymphocytosis most often lymphocytes can increase the following reasons:

• bronchial asthma;
• tuberculosis of various location;
• whooping cough;
• after splenectomy;
• impact on the organism of radiation;
• chronic lymphoblast leukemia.

In addition to these reasons, the lymphocytes in the blood are increased, can lead the following factors:

• operational intervention;
• neurasthenia;
• malnutrition and starvation;

Lymphocytosis is not a specific feature of any disease, but is a serious signal to carry out additional examination methods. It should also be said that the normalization of the indicator in the process of treatment is a reliable sign of the recovery of the patient.

Blood lymphocytes can rise with different physiological conditions, namely:

• premenstrual syndrome;
• first trimester of pregnancy.

In addition to physiologically reasons, allocate with planting pathological conditions, which lead to lymphocytosis:

• anemia;
• infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and simplest;
• malignant neoplasms;
• diseases of the endocrine system;
• autoimmune processes in the body;
• allergic diseases;
• fasting and monodi;
• neurasthenia and others.

Why are blood lymphocytes increased in a healthy child?

Children are characterized by physiological lymphocytosis, that is, a condition that does not require treatment.

Normally, lymphocytes can be enhanced in a child of the breastside in the period from 4 to 5 days of life, as well as from 4 to 5 years. To the physiological increase in blood lymphocytes in the child leads the restructuring of the blood formation system.

Why is the level of blood lymphocytes in a child?

Also lymphocytes in the child can be elevated as a result of various diseases, such as:

• leukemia;
• bronchial asthma;
• viral diseases;
• tuberculosis;
• purulent inflammatory diseases and others.

What is the low line of lymphocytes?

If the lymphocytes are lowered (less than 1.5 * 10 ° C), they are talking about lymphocytopenia, which can also be absolute and relative.

Causes of lymphocytopenia:

• severe course of virus etiology diseases;
• depletion of red bone marrow;
• systemic therapy with glucocorticosteroids, cytostatics and other drugs that depress the production of lymphocytes;
• decompensated renal failure;
• decompensated heart failure;
• lymphogranulomatosis;
• acquired and congenital immunodeficiency.

Lymphocytes are performed in the body of the dog the same functions as in humans.

Lymphocytes are defined in the form of absolute value and percentage ratio. Dog lymphocyte norms are close to human and make up 1.39-4.23 × 10 ° C or 20-45%.

Lymphocytosis in dogs can be a symptom next diseases:

• viral infection;
• bacterial infection;
• reaction to the vaccine;
• allergy;
• leukemia and others.

Examples of blood test interpretation

1., and lymphocytes are improved.

The simultaneous increase in lymphocytes and the decrease in neutrophils in the blood is characteristic for the following states:

• infections caused by viruses;
• HIV and AIDS;
• pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapidal forms of the disease;
• hyperfunction of the thyroid gland;
• malignant blood diseases (lymphosarcoma, lympholecosis and others).

The decrease in segmented neutrophils and the increase in lymphocytes indicates the consistency of immunity and the active struggle of the body with infection or illness.

Also, such a result can be interpreted as the body's reaction to the passing acute viral infection.

2. Neutrophils are lowered in an adult.

Neutropenia, so called the decrease in blood neutrophils, may appear against the background of infectious diseases, avitaminosis, leukemia, aplastic anemia, chemotherapy and irradiation of the body.

3. Lymphocytes and monocytes are improved in the blood.

Very often there is a combination of lymphocytosis and an increase in monocytic number, which is observed during acute viral diseases, such as influenza, ARVI, rubella, cortex, herpes and chickenpox.

We only told about most states and diseases at which lymphocytes in adults and children were increased. Therefore, the presence of lymphocytosis requires a thorough study of the whole organism. To do this, it should be immediately applied to specialists - a doctor-a-therapist, and as needed to a hematologist.

Be careful to your health! In no case do not follow self-diagnosis and self-treatment!