Disturbed blood circulation of the brain what to do. Acute cerebrovascular accident stroke

As a person ages, his body gradually "wears out", many organs and entire systems begin to work intermittently. Unfortunately, to one degree or another, this applies to any person. Time is inexorable and not a single person in the world has yet taken refuge from it.

First of all, a person begins to deteriorate the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Brain disorders are the most common problems of the cardiovascular system. In this article, we will talk about transient disorders of cerebral circulation, since they are most often found.

Causes of development of cerebrovascular accidents

Most often, transient disturbances in cerebral circulation occur if a person suffers from atherosclerosis of blood vessels or hypertension. And the more pronounced these diseases are, the more severe are the disturbances in cerebral circulation. That is why in no case is it unacceptable to leave these diseases without proper attention, and even more so without treatment.

In addition, it is very important to remember that cerebrovascular disorders can develop against the background of chronic fatigue syndrome. In this case, a person should consult a doctor as soon as possible for the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. This condition of a person can lead to a disruption in the functioning of such body systems as endocrine, digestive, and, of course, cardiovascular.

And the constant stressful situations in which a person falls also do not give him health. In addition to impaired cerebral circulation and arterial hypertension, stress can lead to the development of nervous breakdowns, dysfunction of the central nervous system. Yes, and a violation of the blood circulation of the brain in stressful situations is also quite serious.

As mentioned above, the likelihood of developing cerebral circulation in those people who suffer from arteriosclerosis is very high. And atherosclerosis is a blockage of blood vessels by cholesterol plaques. Therefore, it is so important to constantly monitor the level of cholesterol in the blood. It is also very important to pay enough attention to the issue of nutrition - the diet of a sick person should be agreed with a doctor - nutritionist, and in his absence - with a doctor - therapist.

• Various head injuries

Violation of the blood circulation of the brain can occur as a result of traumatic brain injuries of various degrees of severity. Moreover, most often in the event that there was an injury, cerebrovascular accident occurs due to intracranial hemorrhage. The more extensive the hemorrhage, the more the blood circulation in the vessels of the brain is disturbed.

• Excessive physical exertion

Sometimes excessive physical stress can lead to a violation of cerebral circulation. And far from always we are talking about intense physical exertion. Often, banal sitting at a computer in an uncomfortable position leads to excessive tension of the muscles of the back and neck and, as a result, impaired cerebral circulation.

• Cerebrovascular accident due to cervical spine

Scoliosis, osteochondrosis ... These words are heard by everyone, but very few people know what the consequences of these diseases are. In fact, they can be quite serious - because the spine plays a huge role in the body. And any diseases of the spine entail pathological changes in the body, impaired functioning of certain organs, depending on which part of the spine is affected. So, for example, with a disease of the cervical spine very often becomes the cause of the development of cerebral circulation.

Symptoms of cerebrovascular accident

Of course, in the initial stages of the disease, a violation of normal cerebral circulation at first may be asymptomatic, in no way making itself felt. However, like any other disease, cerebrovascular accident, in the absence of the necessary treatment, progresses rapidly, and the sick person begins to experience malaise. Symptoms of cerebrovascular accident:

• Headache

Headache, as a rule, is the very first signal that not everything is in order with the blood circulation of the brain. The most common mistake most people make is that a person ignores the appearance of headaches, preferring taking regular painkillers to the doctor. However, such tactics of behavior are extremely fraught with the most serious consequences - strokes, in particular.

That is why, in the event that a person begins to experience systematic headaches, he should as soon as possible seek help from a neurologist. The doctor, based on the results of the examination of a sick person and his complaints, will establish a diagnosis and prescribe the necessary treatment, which will greatly alleviate the patient's condition.

• Pain in the eyes

Pain in the eyes, which intensifies with the movements of the eyeballs, also in most cases indicates precisely that a person has one way or another impaired cerebral circulation. This phenomenon is especially marked at the end of the day, when the eyes are already tired of stress during the working day. As soon as a person has noticed a similar pain occurring during eye movement, he should seek medical help as soon as possible. Moreover, a sick person can seek help from both a doctor \u003d optometrist and a doctor - a neurologist.

• Dizziness

The frequent occurrence of a feeling of dizziness also requires extremely close attention from a sick person. In the event that dizziness occurs more than 3 times a month, a person should immediately consult a doctor. In addition to impaired normal cerebral circulation, a number of other disorders can lead to dizziness, for example, iron deficiency anemia or a violation of the normal functioning of the central nervous system. Both that and another disease are not less dangerous, than disturbance of cerebral circulation.

• Nausea and vomiting

The appearance of nausea and vomiting, as a rule, is most often observed with various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. However, in the event that nausea and vomiting are accompanied by headache, eye pain when moving, or dizziness, an immediate consultation with a neurologist is indicated to the sick person. As a rule, approximately the same phenomena are inherent in various types of cerebrovascular accident, including stroke.

• Congestion of ears, noise and tinnitus

Also, in cases of cerebrovascular accident, sick people often complain of periodic ringing in the ears or a feeling of stuffiness, as if water had got into the ears. And the more pronounced the violation of blood circulation of the brain, the more often and longer such phenomena.

• Changes in the consciousness of a sick person

Especially severe forms of cerebrovascular accident can be accompanied by a temporary change in consciousness and perception: a person may be overly excited or, on the contrary, feel stunned, or even lose consciousness periodically. All these conditions are extremely dangerous for human health, and are an important reason for immediately seeking medical help. In the same case, if a person has lost consciousness, the best option for him would be to call the ambulance brigade.

• Cramps

Much less often, but still sometimes a violation of cerebral circulation can become the cause of convulsive phenomena of various types.

• Numbness

Also, people often suffering from cerebrovascular accident complain of numbness in the arms, legs, or other parts of the body. Moreover, numbness does not occur as usual if a person’s limb was in an uncomfortable position for a long time, but just like that. This is a direct consequence of impaired blood circulation in the vessels of the brain.

In addition to the above symptoms, there are a number of cerebral symptoms that occur during cerebral crises. First, in a sick person, vegetative disorders such as a feeling of heat or chills are observed. After this, as a rule, the level of blood pressure rises significantly.

Also often in patients with impaired cerebral circulation during an exacerbation of the disease, meningeal phenomena and significant tension of all the muscles of the head, especially the occipital, appear. A sick person does not only have a headache - he feels severe weakness and discomfort throughout his body.

However, severe bouts of exacerbation of cerebrovascular accident can occur against a background of not hypertensive, but rather a hypotonic crisis. In this case, the level of blood pressure is significantly reduced. A person also experiences severe malaise - weakness in the whole body, dizziness, fainting often occurs. The skin of a person acquires a pale color, cold perspiration may appear, the heart rate is significantly reduced.

Sometimes neurological symptoms help the doctor determine in which hemisphere of the brain blood circulation is impaired. So, for example, if blood circulation is impaired in the cerebral hemispheres, paresis very often occurs - the sensitivity of certain parts of the body is impaired, the patient complains of numbness, tingling of the limbs, face or some parts of the skin. In especially severe cases, a sick person may experience a decrease in sensitivity - from slight to complete loss.

In the same case, if blood circulation in the brain stem is impaired, dizziness, a violation of the normal coordination of movement, twitching of the eyeballs and eyelids, especially when looking to the side, a significant loss of sensitivity of the tongue, severe weakness in the extremities, often occur. Also, the swallowing process is often significantly impaired.

Features of headache in cases of cerebrovascular accident

As you know, a headache can occur due to a variety of reasons: stress, overwork, stress, various diseases. And each headache has its own characteristics. Cerebral circulatory disturbance was no exception - the pain with it is also very specific.

In the initial stage of circulatory disturbance of cerebral vessels, the headache is quite dull. It makes itself felt not periodically, but only during physical or mental stress, or general human fatigue. As a rule, it’s the fatigue that a sick person first writes off the appearance of a headache.

However, as it progresses, tinnitus and tinnitus, dizziness, and the like appear. The first signs also appear that the blood supply to the brain is not intense enough. Similar signs include:

• Memory impairment

As the cerebrovascular accident progresses, a person has a significant decrease in memory. Moreover, the memory is reduced only by current events - the person does not remember the planned affairs, forgets where he put this or that thing. At the same time, a person perfectly remembers what was in the past. In no case can we ignore the decline in memory, as this in any case signals the presence of problems with human health.

• The appearance of distraction

Also, often a violation of the blood circulation of the brain leads to the fact that a previously attentive and collected person becomes extremely distracted. Strictly speaking, distraction is almost always a companion of low memory.

• Decreased performance

Decreased performance is also very common in people with impaired blood circulation to the brain. It is very difficult for them to focus on anything for a long time. A person gets tired very quickly - as a rule, by noon a person gets the impression that he has already worked full time.

• Emotional instability

It goes without saying that increased fatigue and constantly feeling unwell cannot but affect the emotional state of a person. Increased irritability, emotional instability, groundless aggression, tearfulness - all these phenomena are not so rare in cases of cerebrovascular accident.

• Sleep disturbance

Very often, many people complain of sleep disturbance, often for the first time unreasonable. However, increased drowsiness, when a person cannot sleep enough and wants to sleep all the time, or, on the contrary, insomnia, also often testifies precisely to the fact that a person has a disturbed cerebral circulation. In any case, insomnia should alert and serve as a reason for seeking medical help, regardless of what it is caused by.

During an acute attack of cerebrovascular accident, the headache is of a completely different nature. The pain appears suddenly, but extremely quickly, most often accompanied by a strong ringing or noise in the head, dizziness, a disorder in the normal coordination of movement.

After this, a feeling of nausea, a single or prolonged vomiting may appear, black spots or flickering dots appear in front of the eyes. A person may fall into a stupor or, on the contrary, experience inexplicable emotional arousal.

In especially severe cases, a person may have pronounced convulsive seizures, paresis, convulsions. A person can lose consciousness, and having come to themselves, they fall asleep and sleep for a long time. After such an attack, a person feels overwhelmed for several days. At first, such attacks are extremely rare. However, as the disease progresses, seizures recur more and more. And if the disease is not treated, then sooner or later one of these attacks may result in a stroke. This is another reason to consult a doctor as soon as possible when the disease has just begun to make itself felt.

First aid for attacks of normal cerebrovascular accident

At the moment when a person is experiencing an attack of the disease, it is extremely important to provide him with timely and proper medical care. This will help not only to avoid a stroke, but also facilitate the condition of a sick person.

The first thing to do during an attack is to measure the level of blood pressure, and also to determine the heart rate. In the event that cardiac activity is weakened, or the level of blood pressure is excessively high or, conversely, lowered, it is necessary to deliver the sick person to a medical facility as soon as possible, or, if this is not possible, call an ambulance team. Independently give the sick person any medications, unless they have been prescribed by the attending physician. It is by no means worth exceeding the dosage - this can lead to even worse results.

Prevention of cerebrovascular accident

The treatment itself takes quite a long treatment and is quite complicated. In order for the treatment of cerebrovascular accident to be successful, it must be comprehensive. A very wide range of medicines is used to treat this disease. Medicines have a fairly strong effect, so in no case should you take them without a doctor’s prescription. All drugs are selected strictly individually, taking into account factors such as:

• Age of a sick person.
• Weight of a sick person.
• Causes of cerebrovascular accident.
• The duration of the disease.
• The results of the examination of a sick person.
• Features of the course of this disease.

Treatment can last a long time and take a lot of energy. And, unfortunately, far from always this treatment is as effective as we would like, despite all the efforts of doctors. Therefore, it is much more reasonable and effective to prevent the development of cerebrovascular accident. Or at least start treatment as early as possible, preventing the disease from progressing.

Particularly attentive to their health should be people suffering from certain groups of the disease. They fall into the so-called "risk group". Similar diseases include:

• Hypotension - lowering blood pressure.
• Hypertension is an increase in blood pressure.
• Atherosclerosis of vessels - blockage of the lumen of blood vessels by cholesterol plaques.
• Vegetovascular dystonia.
• All diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Past strokes and heart attacks.

In addition, the following people are also at risk:

• People with chronic iron deficiency anemia.
• People working in a harmful enterprise.
• People who, by the nature of their profession, have significant loads on the cardiovascular system: divers, pilots, stewardesses and the like.

All people falling into the above “risk groups” should be especially careful about their health. With the slightest signs of cerebrovascular accident described above, a person should seek help from a doctor as soon as possible.

As mentioned above, the sooner a violation of the full circulation of the brain is diagnosed, the easier it will be to get rid of it. In order to monitor the condition of a sick person, it is necessary to regularly monitor the state of his blood. Very important are indicators such as blood viscosity and the number of platelets contained in it. In the event that the viscosity of the blood is too high, its flow through the blood vessels becomes quite difficult. In such cases, doctors prescribe the necessary drugs to a sick person, which thin the blood.

Regular careful monitoring of blood pressure levels is also required. Your doctor will explain to you how and at what time it is necessary to measure blood pressure. Many doctors recommend that patients keep a special notebook in which all the readings for measuring blood pressure should be recorded. Thus, control over the pressure level will be more accurate, which will allow you to take the necessary measures in time and prevent the development of an attack, allow the doctor to monitor changes in your pressure and, accordingly, the course of the disease.

In addition, doctors most often use supportive therapy to treat cerebrovascular disease. This means that a sick person will have to regularly take certain drugs, according to the scheme that the doctor will prescribe him.

What kind of drugs will be prescribed can only be decided by a doctor, since he knows all the features of the course of the disease in humans. As a rule, if the circulatory disturbance is not severe, doctors prescribe sleeping pills and sedatives, such as valerian, motherwort, novopassit.

In the same case, if the circulatory disturbance of the brain is accompanied by headache, dizziness, vomiting, nausea, more potent drugs are used to improve the blood circulation of the brain, relieve all its unpleasant symptoms, and alleviate the general condition of a sick person.

It is equally important to pay close attention to such a nuance as the lifestyle of a sick person. Very often people completely ignore this issue, believing that the doctors betray him an overly exaggerated value.

However, in fact, this is not at all the case. Think for yourself - the daily routine, lack of sleep, lack of walking and, as a result, lack of oxygen, constant stress, heavy food, overweight - all this may not affect the body?

And in the event that a person reconsiders his attitude to his lifestyle, begins to devote a little more time to him, gives up some of his habits, such a question as the therapy of cerebrovascular accident may never arise before him. And if for some reason the disease was still not avoided, its course will be much easier, and treatment more productive. No wonder the comic wisdom says - "the salvation of drowning people is the work of the drowning people themselves." Well, our health is in our hands!

Cerebral circulation  - blood circulation in the vascular system of the brain and spinal cord.

The process that causes cerebrovascular accidents can affect the main and cerebral arteries (aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, common, internal and external carotid, subclavian, vertebral, basilar, spinal, radicular arteries and their branches), cerebral veins and venous sinuses, jugular veins. The nature of the pathology of the cerebral vessels is different: thrombosis, embolism, narrowing of the lumen, kinks and loop formation, aneurysms of the vessels of the brain and spinal cord.

The severity and localization of morphological changes in brain tissue in patients with impaired cerebral circulation is determined by the underlying disease, the pool of blood supply to the affected vessel, the mechanisms of development of this circulatory disorder, age and individual characteristics of the patient.

Morphological signs of cerebrovascular accident can be focal and diffuse. Focal include hemorrhagic stroke, subshell hemorrhages, cerebral infarction; diffuse - multiple, of a different nature and of different prescription, small-focal changes in brain matter, minor hemorrhages, small fresh and organized foci of brain tissue necrosis, gliomesodermal scars and small cysts.

Clinically, with cerebrovascular accidents, there may be subjective sensations (headache, dizziness, paresthesia, etc.) without objective neurological symptoms; organic microsymptomatics without clear symptoms of loss of central nervous system function; focal symptoms: motor disorders - paresis or paralysis, extrapyramidal disorders, hyperkinesis, coordination disorders, sensitivity disorders, pain; dysfunctions of the sensory organs, focal disorders of the higher functions of the cerebral cortex - aphasia, agraphia, alexia, etc .; changes in intelligence, memory, emotional-volitional sphere; epileptic seizures; psychopathological symptoms.

By the nature of cerebral circulation disorders, the initial manifestations of cerebral circulatory insufficiency, acute cerebrovascular disorders (transient disorders, subshell hemorrhages, strokes), chronic slowly progressive cerebral and spinal circulatory disorders (discirculatory encephalopathy and myelopathy) are distinguished.

Clinical symptoms of the initial manifestations of a lack of blood supply to the brain are those that appear, especially after intense mental and physical work, being in a stuffy room, headache, dizziness, noise in the head, decreased performance, and sleep disturbance. Focal neurological symptoms in such patients, as a rule, are absent or are represented by disseminated microsymptoms. To diagnose the initial manifestations of cerebral blood supply insufficiency, it is necessary to identify objective signs of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, vasomotor dystonia and the exclusion of other somatic pathology, as well as neurosis.

Acute cerebrovascular accidents include transient circulatory disturbances in the brain and strokes.

Transient disorders of cerebral circulation are manifested by focal or cerebral symptoms (or a combination thereof), lasting less than 1 day. Most often they are observed with atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, hypertension and with arterial hypertension.

Distinguish between transient ischemic attacks and hypertensive cerebral crises.

Transient ischemic attacks are characterized by the appearance of focal neurological symptoms (weakness and numbness of the extremities, difficulty speaking, static disturbance, diplopia, etc.) against the background of mild or absent cerebral symptoms.

Hypertensive cerebral crises, on the contrary, are characterized by a predominance of cerebral symptoms (headache, dizziness, nausea or vomiting) over focal, which may sometimes be absent. An acute violation of cerebral circulation, in which focal neurological symptoms persist for more than 1 day, is considered a stroke.

Acute venous circulation disorders in the brain also include venous hemorrhages, cerebral vein thrombosis and venous sinuses.

Chronic disorders of cerebral circulation (discirculatory encephalopathy and myelopathy) are the result of progressive circulatory failure due to various vascular diseases.

With discirculatory encephalopathy, disseminated organic symptoms are usually detected, usually in combination with impaired memory, headaches, dyspeptic dizziness, irritability, etc. There are 3 stages of discirculatory encephalopathy.

For stage I, in addition to diffuse mildly persistent persistent organic symptoms (asymmetry of cranial innervation, light oral reflexes, inaccurate coordination, etc.), a syndrome similar to an asthenic form of neurasthenia is characteristic (memory impairment, fatigue, distraction, difficulty in switching from one activity to another, dull headaches, irregular dizziness, poor sleep, irritability, tearfulness, depressed mood). Intelligence does not suffer.

Stage II is characterized by a progressive deterioration of memory (including professional), decreased performance, personality changes (viscosity of thought, narrowing of the circle of interests, lethargy, often speaking, irritability, inanimity, etc.), decreased intelligence. Typical daytime sleepiness with a bad night's sleep. Organic symptoms are more pronounced (mild dysarthria, reflexes of oral automatism and other pathological reflexes, bradykinesia, tremors, changes in muscle tone, coordination and sensitive disorders).
Stage III is characterized by both an increase in mental disorders (up to dementia) and the development of neurological syndromes associated with the predominant lesion of a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe brain. This may be pseudobulbar paralysis, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, pyramidal insufficiency. Frequent stroke-like worsening deterioration, characterized by the appearance of new focal symptoms and an increase in previously existing signs of cerebrovascular insufficiency.

Discirculatory myelopathy also has a progressive course, in which three stages can conditionally be distinguished. Stage I (compensated) is characterized by the appearance of moderately severe fatigue of the muscles of the extremities, less often the weakness of the limbs. Subsequently, in stage II (subcompensated), weakness in the extremities progressively increases, there are sensory disturbances in the segmental and conductor type, changes in the reflex sphere. In stage III, paresis or paralysis develops, severe sensitivity disorders, pelvic disorders.

The nature of focal syndromes depends on the localization of pathological foci along the length and diameter of the spinal cord. Possible clinical syndromes are poliomyelitic, pyramidal, syringomyelic, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, posterior columnar, transverse spinal cord lesions.

Chronic disorders of venous circulation include venous congestion, which causes venous encephalopathy and myelopathy. It is a consequence of cardiac or pulmonary heart failure, compression of extracranial veins in the neck, etc. Difficulties in the venous outflow from the cranial cavity and spinal canal can be compensated for a long time; with decompensation, headaches, seizures, cerebellar symptoms, and dysfunction of the cranial nerves are possible. Venous encephalopathy is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations. Hypertension (pseudotumorous) syndrome, syndrome of multiple small focal brain damage, asthenic syndrome can be observed. Venous encephalopathy also includes bettolepsy (cough epilepsy), which develops in diseases that lead to venous congestion in the brain. Venous myelopathy is a private variant of discirculatory myelopathy and is not clinically significantly different from the latter.

Symptoms of circulatory disorders in the vessels of the brain

In the early stages, the disease is asymptomatic. However, it is rapidly progressing and gradually its symptoms completely disable a person, working capacity is seriously impaired, a person loses the joy of life and cannot fully live.

So, the symptoms of cerebrovascular accident include:

A headache is a major wake-up call, but people often ignore it, believing that the pain is caused by tiredness, weather, or other causes.
  eye pain - its peculiarity lies in the fact that it significantly increases during the movement of the eyeballs, especially towards evening
  dizziness - when such a phenomenon is noted regularly, it should in no case be ignored
  nausea and vomiting - usually this symptom appears in parallel with the above
  stuffy ears
  ringing or tinnitus
  convulsions - this symptom manifests itself less often than others, but it still occurs
  numbness - in case of circulatory disturbance in the vessels of the brain, it occurs absolutely without reason
  tension of the head muscles, especially expressed in the occipital
  weakness in the body
  fainting
  skin blanching
  heart rate reduction

Various disorders of consciousness are also noted, such as:

Changes in perception, such as feeling stunned
  memory impairment - a person remembers his past very well, but often forgets about plans, about where what lies
  distraction
  fatigue and, as a result, decreased working capacity
  short temper, mild irritability, tearfulness
  constant drowsiness or vice versa insomnia

  Causes of cerebrovascular accident

The causes of this ailment are very diverse. Usually they are associated with other abnormalities in the work of the cardiovascular system, for example, with atherosclerosis of blood vessels or hypertension. Atherosclerosis is a clogging of blood vessels with cholesterol plaques, therefore, it is simply necessary to monitor the concentration of cholesterol in the blood. And for this you should monitor your daily diet.

Chronic fatigue also often causes circulatory disorders in our brains. Unfortunately, people often do not realize the seriousness of their condition and go to terrible consequences. But chronic fatigue syndrome can lead not only to a malfunction in blood circulation, but also to disturbances in the endocrine system, central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.

Various traumatic brain injuries can also cause violations. It can be injuries of any severity. Especially dangerous are injuries with intracranial hemorrhage. It is quite natural that the stronger the hemorrhage, the more serious consequences it can lead to.

The problem of modern man is regular sitting in front of a computer monitor in an uncomfortable position. As a result, the muscles of the neck and back are greatly overstressed and blood circulation in the vessels, including the vessels of the brain, is disturbed. Excessive exercise can also be harmful.

Circulatory problems are also closely associated with diseases of the spine, especially its cervical spine. Be careful if you are diagnosed with scoliosis or osteochondrosis.

The main cause of cerebral hemorrhage is high blood pressure. With a sharp rise in it, a rupture of the vessel may occur, the consequence of which is the release of blood into the substance of the brain and intracerebral hematoma develops.

A more rare cause of hemorrhage is aneurysm rupture. Arterial aneurysm, usually related to congenital pathology, is a saccular protrusion on the vessel wall. The walls of this protrusion do not have such a powerful muscular and elastic framework as the walls of a normal vessel. Therefore, sometimes only a relatively small jump in pressure, which is observed in completely healthy people with physical exertion or emotional stress, is enough to break the wall of the aneurysm.

Along with saccular aneurysms, other congenital abnormalities of the vascular system are sometimes observed, creating the threat of sudden hemorrhage.
In cases where the aneurysm is located in the walls of blood vessels located on the surface of the brain, its rupture leads to the development of not sub-cerebral, but subarachnoid (subarachnoid) hemorrhage, located under the arachnoid membrane surrounding the brain. Subarachnoid hemorrhage does not directly lead to the development of focal neurological symptoms (paresis, speech impairment, etc.), but general cerebral symptoms are expressed with it: sudden sharp (“dagger”) headache, often with subsequent loss of consciousness.

A cerebral infarction usually develops due to blockage of one of the cerebral vessels or a large (main) vessel of the head, through which blood flows to the brain.

There are four main vessels: the right and left internal carotid arteries, supplying most of the right and left hemispheres of the brain, and the right and left vertebral arteries, which then merge into the main artery and supply blood to the brain stem, cerebellum, and occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres.

The reasons for blockage of the main and cerebral arteries can be different. So, in the inflammatory process on the heart valves (with the formation of infiltrates or with the formation of a parietal thrombus in the heart), pieces of a thrombus or infiltrate can come off and with a blood stream come to the brain vessel, the caliber of which is smaller than the size of the piece (embolus), and therefore clog the vessel. Particles of a decaying atherosclerotic plaque on the walls of one of the main arteries of the head can also become emboli.

This is one of the mechanisms for the development of cerebral infarction - embolic.
Another mechanism for the development of a heart attack is thrombotic: the gradual development of a blood clot (blood clot) at the location of an atherosclerotic plaque on the vessel wall. Atherosclerotic plaque filling the lumen of the vessel leads to a slowdown in blood flow, which contributes to the development of a blood clot. The uneven surface of the plaque favors the bonding (aggregation) of platelets and other blood elements in this place, which is the main frame of the resulting thrombus.

As a rule, local factors alone are often not enough to form a blood clot. The development of thrombosis is facilitated by factors such as a general slowdown in blood flow (therefore, cerebral vascular thrombosis, in contrast to embolism and hemorrhage, usually develop at night, in a dream), increased blood coagulation, and increased aggregation (gluing) properties of platelets and red blood cells.

What is blood coagulation, everyone knows from experience. A man accidentally cut a finger, blood begins to pour out of it, but gradually a blood clot (blood clot) forms at the site of the cut and the bleeding stops.
Blood coagulation is a necessary biological factor contributing to our survival. But both reduced and increased coagulation threatens our health and even our lives.

Increased coagulability leads to the development of thrombosis, low - to bleeding with the slightest cuts and bruises. Hemophilia - a disease accompanied by decreased blood coagulation and having a hereditary character, suffered many members of the reigning families of Europe, including the son of the last Russian emperor, Tsarevich Alexei.

Violation of normal blood flow can also result from spasm (severe compression) of the vessel, resulting from a sharp contraction of the muscle layer of the vascular wall. Several decades ago, spasm was given great importance in the development of cerebrovascular accident. Currently, cerebrovascular spasm is associated mainly with cerebral infarction, which sometimes develops several days after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

With frequent rises in blood pressure, changes can develop in the walls of small vessels that feed the deep structures of the brain. These changes lead to a narrowing, and often to the closure of these vessels. Sometimes, after another sharp rise in blood pressure (hypertensive crisis), a small heart attack develops in the blood circulation pool of such a vessel (called the “lacunar” heart attack in the scientific literature).

In some cases, a cerebral infarction can develop without a complete blockage of the vessel. This is the so-called hemodynamic stroke. Imagine a hose from which you water a garden. The hose is clogged with sludge, but the electric motor lowered into the pond works well, and there are enough jets of water for normal watering. But a small kink of the hose or deterioration of the motor is enough, as instead of a powerful jet a narrow stream of water starts to flow out of the hose, which is clearly not enough to water the ground well.

The same can occur under certain conditions and with blood flow in the brain. Two factors are sufficient for this: a sharp narrowing of the lumen of the main or cerebral vessel filling it with an atherosclerotic plaque or as a result of its excess, plus a drop in blood pressure due to a deterioration (often temporary) in heart function.

The mechanism of transient cerebrovascular accidents (transient ischemic attacks) is largely similar to the mechanism of the development of cerebral infarction. Only compensatory mechanisms for transient disorders of cerebral circulation work quickly, and the developed symptoms disappear within a few minutes (or hours). But one should not hope that compensation mechanisms will always cope so well with the violation that has arisen. Therefore, it is so important to know the causes of cerebrovascular accident, which allows us to develop methods for the prevention (prevention) of repeated disasters.

Treatment of cerebrovascular accident

Various diseases of the cardiovascular system are the most common ailments among the world's population. A violation of cerebral circulation in general is extremely dangerous thing. The brain is the most important organ of our body. Its poor functioning leads not only to physical abnormalities, but also to a violation of consciousness.

The treatment of this ailment includes not only taking medications, but also a complete change in your lifestyle. As mentioned above, cholesterol plaques contribute to the development of circulatory disorders in the vessels of the brain. So, it is necessary to take measures to prevent an increase in blood cholesterol. And the main measures include proper nutrition. First of all, do the following:

Limit the amount of salt you eat.
  give up alcohol
  if you have extra pounds - you need to urgently get rid of them, because they create an extra load on your blood vessels, and this is simply unacceptable in this disease
  In some people, blood vessels, including capillaries, are fragile. Such people often bleed gums, often there are nosebleeds. How to get rid of this scourge?

Dissolve in a glass of water at room temperature a teaspoon of well-purified (food) and finely ground sea salt. Pull in the cool saline solution with your nostrils and hold your breath for about 3-4 seconds. Repeat the procedure every morning for 10-12 days, and nosebleeds will stop.

This method also helps: prepare a saturated saline solution (five tablespoons of coarse sea salt per glass of warm water). Make two swabs of cotton, soak them in the prepared solution and insert them into the nose. Lie with your head back for 20 minutes. It is useful to rinse the mouth with the same solution: the gums will stop sore and bleed.

Take two tablespoons of dry mustard, two pods of chopped hot pepper, a tablespoon of sea salt. Mix all the ingredients and add two glasses of vodka. Infuse the mixture in a dark place for 10 days. Received tincture actively rub your feet overnight. After rubbing, put on wool socks and go to bed.

Treatment of age-related changes in the circulatory system in the elderly

Age-related changes in the vessels and heart significantly limit the adaptive capacity and create the prerequisites for the development of diseases.

Vascular changes. The structure of the vascular wall changes with age in each person. The muscle layer of each vessel gradually atrophies and decreases, its elasticity is lost, and sclerotic seals of the inner wall appear. This greatly limits the ability of blood vessels to expand and narrow, which is already a pathology. Large arterial trunks, especially the aorta, are the first to suffer. In elderly and old people, the number of active capillaries per unit area is significantly reduced. Tissues and organs cease to receive the amount of nutrients and oxygen they need, and this leads to their starvation and the development of various diseases.

With age, each person’s small vessels are more and more “clogged” with calcareous deposits and peripheral vascular resistance increases. This leads to some increase in blood pressure. But the development of hypertension is largely hampered by the fact that with a decrease in the tone of the muscle wall of large vessels, the lumen of the venous channel expands. This leads to a decrease in the minute volume of the heart (minute volume is the amount of blood ejected by the heart per minute) and to an active redistribution of peripheral circulation. Coronary and cardiac circulation usually almost does not suffer from a decrease in cardiac output, while renal and hepatic circulation are greatly reduced.

Decreased contractility of the heart muscle. The older a person becomes, the more muscle fibers of the heart muscle atrophy. The so-called "senile heart" develops. There is progressive myocardial sclerosis, and in the place of atrophied muscle fibers of the heart tissue, fibers of inoperative connective tissue develop. The strength of heart contractions is gradually reduced, metabolic processes are more and more disturbed, which creates the conditions for energy-dynamic heart failure in conditions of intense activity.

In addition, in old age, conditioned and unconditioned reflexes of blood circulation regulation are manifested, and inertness of vascular reactions is increasingly revealed. Studies have shown that with aging, the effects on the cardiovascular system of various brain structures change. In turn, the feedback also changes - the reflexes coming from the baroreceptors of large vessels are weakened. This leads to a violation of the regulation of blood pressure.

As a result of all of the above reasons, the physical performance of the heart decreases with age. This leads to a limitation of the reserve capacity of the body and a decrease in the efficiency of its work.

Blood circulation disturbance points

With weak blood flow and clogged vessels, the index finger and thumb of one hand should grab the middle finger of the other hand. An acupressure should be performed by pressing with an average effort the thumbnail on the point that is located under the nail bed. Massage should be done on both hands, taking it for 1 minute.

Exposure points for thirst. If you feel thirsty, you should act on a calming point. The peculiarity of this BAP is that so far in the human body it has not been possible to determine other points associated with the mucous membrane. A point is located at a distance of about 1 cm from the tip of the tongue. Massage consists in the form of a light biting of this point with the front teeth (incisors) with a rhythm of 20 times in 1 min.

Exposure points for sleep disturbance. With insomnia, acupressure should be performed on the lower part of the auricle. Massage should be with the index and thumb, grasping the earlobe on both sides. The biologically active point is located in the middle of the lobe. Sleep will come faster (Julia massage should be performed more often on the right side than on the left.

Picture. Exposure points for influenza, runny nose, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract

Acupressure does not replace the necessary medical treatment, especially if surgical intervention is urgently needed (for example, with appendicitis, its purulent stage).

Transient cerebrovascular accident is a vascular disease that is characteristic not only of older people, but also of those who have not yet turned 40 years old. PNMK is a reversible disease. But, nevertheless, having discovered the symptoms characteristic of him, it is worthwhile to see a doctor. No need to delay, because the ailment may well be a harbinger of more serious pathologies. PNMK has its own characteristics. The device of the circulatory system of the head is very interesting. The fact is that during large mental or physical exertion, the amount of blood in the head does not increase. That is, a certain balance is maintained. More blood rushes to the tense areas of the brain, and blood drains away from places with a minimal load. Cerebral vessels provide excellent organ supply with oxygen and nutrients. The body runs smoothly thanks to this. Free blood flow in the head may be impaired due to vascular disease. Some arteries narrow due to various reasons, while others generally close and blood can no longer pass through them. As a result, a person may develop hypoxia. This is fraught.

PNMK, how dangerous is it

If a certain part of the brain does not receive oxygen for a long time, then it develops.

But more often there is a transient disturbance of cerebral circulation. In this case, the functions of the body are violated and it cannot work productively. Violations are associated with malfunctions of the arteries. If after a stroke, many body functions can be impaired and long-term treatment of the patient is required. Then, with PNMK, the reversibility of undesirable processes is observed. In order for the patient to feel better and his state of health stabilized enough days. PNMK can leak and end in a short time. Sometimes just a few minutes are enough for this. It happens that it lasts about an hour. But it is still necessary to identify and treat the ailment, despite the fact that it can end on its own without much harm to health. Circulatory disturbance in cerebral vessels often precedes a stroke.

Cerebral circulation, types of disorders

• chronic disorders come in two forms: hypertonic and atherosclerotic;
• acute, meaning, suddenly developing strokes or transient disorders that are reversible.

Transient disorders of cerebral circulation are of two types:

• transient ischemic attack.

The first type appears due to the fact that blood pressure rises sharply. At the same time, cardiac and cerebral symptoms intensify, new symptoms may appear that have not been previously observed.

The second type is an acute circulatory disorder in the organ, but it is temporary. It is characterized by neurological signs. These signs are closely related to how extensive the affected area is. Another transient ischemic attack is called m. As a rule, there are no large changes in the brain after it is observed. This phenomenon lasts several minutes or hours.

If a person abruptly turns his head to the side, then the vertebral artery can be squeezed. Against this background, PNMK arises. Due to general cerebral dysfunction or short-term paroxysm, this ailment also develops.

Causes of the disease

  , as well as hypertension are the main culprits for the development of PNMK. During these diseases, dynamic disturbances occur in the vessels of the brain. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the presence of deposits on the walls of arteries. The denser and larger the cholesterol plaque becomes, the more it makes blood flow difficult. As a result, a certain part of the brain does not receive the substances it needs. A small portion of a cholesterol plaque can come off and clog an already narrowed vessel. In this case, there is a transient violation of the blood supply. There is a list of ailments that can also cause ailment:

• sexually transmitted infection syphilis;
• rheumatoid artery disease;
• systemic lupus erythematosus;
• myocardial infarction;
• cervical osteochondrosis;
• diabetes;
• heart diseases;
• high blood pressure;
• bad habits.

Symptoms of PNMK

Transient ischemic attack is observed in a variety of vessels. It depends on where exactly clogging of the artery with a thrombus or cholesterol plaque is observed. Such a pathology develops quite sharply, acutely. With occlusion or stenosis of the internal carotid artery in humans, the following symptoms are observed:

  Numbness and tingling in the mouth

• hemihypesthesia;
• sensitivity in the upper limbs, as well as the face, can be reduced;
• tingling in the mouth, numbness;
• paresis of muscles on the limbs;
• the occurrence of pathological reflexes;
• muscle weakness;
• monocular blindness.

A transient attack may touch the basin of the midbrain artery. Then the symptoms are slightly different than in the case described above. The patient has bouts of epilepsy. With vessel occlusion in the vertebrobasilar system, the symptoms are as follows:

• noise in ears;
• hiccups;
• vomiting, nausea;
• blanching of the skin;
• diffuse hyperhidrosis;
• horizontal nystagmus;
• dysphonia;
• veil before the eyes and other visual disturbances;
• discomfort in the back of the head.

Disease Complications

Common PNMK seizures usually last no more than 2 hours. However, it is unlikely that a serious human health disorder will occur. But, it happens that the attacks follow one after another after a short period of time. If violations are observed several times a day, then as a result you can get a severe stroke. Frequent seizures occur against a background of a heart attack or, more precisely, its severe forms. It is abnormal if seizures occur more than 3 times a year. This is an occasion to see a doctor. Specialists examine the brain and determine the causes that caused PNMK. After the treatment prescribed by the doctor (which will most likely take place in the hospital) after discharge from time to time, the patient is shown examinations of the heart and brain.

Diagnosis of the disease

Determining that the patient is suffering from PNMK is not easy. To correctly diagnose it is necessary:

• evaluate patient complaints;
• take a blood test;
• make a study of blood vessels using ultrasound;
• identify the presence of concomitant diseases;
• do an MRI.

The patient should also visit such specialists as: vascular surgeon, cardiologist, neurologist.

MRI allows you to get the most clear picture of what is happening in a single affected area of \u200b\u200bthe brain.

  MRI

Treatment of ailment

The patient should be given first aid if he has symptoms of the disease. First of all, he needs to ensure complete peace. The person should be laid on a hard surface. If a person has lost consciousness, then you need to ensure that the tongue does not sink into the throat, thereby blocking the breath. A person needs to be brought to life with the help of improvised means. To bring to his nose a tissue dampened in a solution of ammonia, for example. Slaps in the face also make you feel great. Further help can only be provided by doctors.

In a medical institution, the patient will receive drugs whose action is aimed at protecting neurons, drugs will also improve blood circulation. For each patient, the complex of drugs is selected individually.

Until the symptoms of PNMC have completely disappeared, the person should remain in bed. Usually his state of health is fully normalized within 3 weeks.

Prevention of ailment

  Blood sugar control

So that the symptoms of circulatory disorders do not appear again, you need to carefully monitor the health of the whole organism as a whole. Particular attention should be paid to the state of the vessels. Transient cerebrovascular accident treatment is complex. A lot depends on the patient himself. You need to control the amount of sugar in the blood. Cholesterol should also be normal. Smoking is a terrible enemy of people and an excellent assistant for PNMK. Nicotine alkaloid has a very detrimental effect on blood vessels, leads to pathologies of their walls, and upsets the metabolism in the body. Therefore, you need to stop smoking and control the amount of alcohol consumed. Nutrition must be correct.

Patients who have atherosclerotic diseases are shown therapeutic exercises. Exercises are done in conjunction with massage. You need to be extremely careful in their implementation. There is a special Feldenkrais gymnastics. After its implementation, the patient will feel physically stronger. He will recover intelligence, increase sensitivity. During this gymnastics, muscle strain is excluded. Slow movements are used. Breathing exercises help to saturate the blood with useful oxygen as much as possible. Thanks to her, a person can relax.

Video

A violation of cerebral circulation belongs to the group of diseases of the cardiovascular system (code for MBK-10 IX 110-115). The treatment of such diseases should be strictly supervised by a doctor.

The use of alternative methods, especially in the acute phase of the disease, is not recommended.

However, in the chronic stage, as well as during the rehabilitation period, treatment with folk remedies for cerebrovascular accident is simply necessary. It is part of a complex to restore the body.

Folk remedies are the best way to prevent a problem.

Cerebral circulation is an ideal system that works on the principle of communicating vessels. If more blood is needed on the area of \u200b\u200bthe brain, the vessels transfer blood from other areas there. With a decrease in demand, blood volumes return to standard parameters.

This allows you to optimally supply all parts of the brain and spinal cord with blood in the quantities needed by the body and solve the problem of blood supply, for example, during physical exertion or playing sports.

However, this ideal system fails if blood flow is obstructed in any of the vessels.

Imagine what happens if you block a stream with a stone. Water will begin to erode the channel and eventually spill over the floodplain. The same thing happens with vessels.

If in one of the vessels obstacles are formed in the form of blood clots, emboli, cholesterol plaques, then blood begins to circulate poorly, pressure on the walls of blood vessels increases, and this can result in a stroke, cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction (acute insufficiency of blood supply to certain parts of the brain) .

Why do these obstructions form in the vessels? There are a lot of reasons, let’s name the main ones:

1. Imbalance in metabolism and fat balance.
2. Smoking and alcohol.
3. A sedentary lifestyle, work in one position, especially if the head is in the same position.
4. Osteochondrosis (salt deposition) of the cervical spine.
5. Hypertension.
6. Age-related changes in blood vessels - atherosclerosis.
7. Chronic fatigue.
8. Diabetes.

These reasons can work in a complex or single-handedly, and this is a signal that urgently needs to be addressed to prevent cerebrovascular disorders.

Initial cerebrovascular accident

Symptoms

You should worry if:

1. You have been dizzy for three consecutive days or more.
2. If you suddenly began to lose sight.
3. If you become tired quickly, it is difficult to remember information, to forget the recent past.
4. If you suffer from frequent headaches.
5. If you see that you are losing coordination.
6. If your gait has changed, it is difficult to take your feet off the ground.
7. If from time to time you have numb different parts of the body.

These symptoms may occur all at once or in part, but even one of them should be a signal in order to urgently consult a doctor and to prevent the acute stage of the disease.

Stages

Doctors distinguish three stages:

1. Chronic. Develops slowly. Signs of the disease do not manifest themselves for a long time. The appearance of the first symptoms is also often not paid attention. However, if the disease is not treated, it can lead to a stroke and complete degradation of the personality.
2. Transient. It develops against a background of chronic disorders. Suddenly, an epileptic seizure, sharp numbness of parts of the body, severe sharp headaches can begin. However, such conditions, as a rule, last no more than a day.
3. Acute phase of the disease. It occurs suddenly and develops in two types. By ischemic type - a cerebral infarction occurs, by hemorrhagic type - a stroke.

How to treat cerebrovascular accident folk remedies

Folk remedies can be very effective in the treatment of cerebrovascular accidents (NMC). You just need to decide what exactly you want to fight with - the causes or consequences of the disease.

If you have not experienced the acute stage of the disease, then you need to actively engage in the struggle for your health.

Preventative methods

Prevention of NMC includes herbal preparations of three directions of action:

1. Vascular cleansing.
2. Lowering blood pressure.

Lemons, Oranges and Honey. Take just two - 2 lemons, 2 oranges and 2 tablespoons of honey.

Twist the citrus fruits in a meat grinder, having previously removed the seeds from them (the skin does not need to be cleaned), mix with honey and leave to knock in a warm place, then transfer to a glass dish and store in the refrigerator. Take on 2 tbsp. l three times per day.

Hop.  It’s good for them to clean the vessels with a diagnosis of thrombophlebitis. Pour a tablespoon of hop cones (chopped) with a glass of boiling water, leave for 15-20 minutes and drink immediately. Do this procedure a day three times a month.

Garlic with horseradish and lemon.  This tool perfectly cleanses blood vessels in elderly people suffering from atherosclerosis, relieves spasms, shortness of breath. Combine crushed garlic and horseradish in any equal proportions.

Store the mixture in the refrigerator. Before use, mix 1 teaspoon of the composition with freshly squeezed lemon juice also in the amount of 1 tsp. Take 3 times a day half an hour before meals. Drink 2 months - then a month break, and you can repeat the course.

Mulberry.  Pour 10 fresh mulberry leaves with boiling water in a volume of 0.5 l and boil for several minutes. Then suck. Drink during the day instead of tea. Every day you need to make a fresh broth.

Orchis. Cut the fresh root of the plant (8-10 tubers) in half and fill with medical alcohol (200 ml) for two weeks. Insist in a dark place. Drink the finished tincture in the morning on an empty stomach in 1 tsp.

Apply within a month and a half. After a month's break, the course can be repeated. Tincture strengthens the thinned walls of blood vessels, normalizes blood pressure, improves memory.

Periwinkle and Hawthorn.  Take one part of fresh leaves of periwinkle, grind them and boil in 0.5 l of water for 4-5 minutes. Then add two parts of the leaves and fruits of the hawthorn and boil for another 5 minutes.

Then it is necessary that the broth stood for three hours. Drain, and take half a glass of liquid before meals three times a day. You need to regularly drink such a decoction for at least a month. The tool effectively restores the blood supply to the brain.

Metabolism leads to fat deposits that interfere with normal blood flow, to the deposition of salts.

Salts not only interfere with the functioning of the musculoskeletal system, but also lead to vascular pressure. And this is a direct path to hypertension and stroke.

Therefore, the normalization of metabolic processes is an important stage in the prevention of cerebrovascular accident.

Diet for cerebrovascular accident: refuse fatty meat, fatty foods, fried. Reduce the intake of sweets, refuse chocolate. Reduce salt intake. Better, of course, to abandon it altogether, if possible.

What you can’t drink is alcohol. And if spirits are still acceptable in minimal quantities, then beer is strictly prohibited.

Massage. Massage the cervical spine, shoulders, scalp with light circular movements, stroking. Comb your hair more often with a massage comb. All this contributes to the flow of blood to the head.

. Physiotherapy exercises include a whole range of exercises:

1. Exercise 1. Smooth tilts of the head back, forward, left, right and circular movements.
2. Exercise 2. Stand straight, bend your arms at the elbows with clenched fists, while lowering your head down, and then again stand straight.
3. Exercise 3. Hold your breath as much as possible, track the time, divide the result by 2. This number is the time from which you should start the exercises to hold your breath, gradually increasing to the maximum possible result for you.

This complex needs to be done daily. Each of the exercises - at least 10 times.

Well, a few general preventative tips:

1. It is important to choose the right position, how to sleep with cervical osteochondrosis with impaired cerebral circulation. Avoid sleeping on your stomach. Choose a small, rectangular, hard pillow that only touches your head and neck.
2. Lead a healthy lifestyle and go swimming, jogging.
3. Stop smoking.
4. Have more rest.

If you missed the period when preventive measures could significantly improve your condition, and started the disease to an acute stage, then it’s better to put off folk remedies for the period after the crisis.

Call an ambulance immediately, and while it is racing, you need to take some steps to provide first aid.

Emergency care for acute cerebrovascular accident:

1. Observe bed rest. Do not move.
2. Take your regular blood pressure lowering drugs.
3. Drink a rosehip tincture. It is a diuretic that will help relieve pressure.
4. Use alcohol tincture of valerian in order to breathe it in pairs. It is a powerful sedative. It will help relieve stress during the acute phase of the disease and alleviate suffering.

After a stroke or a heart attack of a brain, it is important to take measures to restore blood supply to the brain.

Celandine. A decoction of this healing herb will help restore impaired function. 1 tbsp. l dry herbs pour a glass of boiling water. Let it brew. Drink 2 tablespoons 3 times a day for three weeks. You can repeat the course only after 3 weeks.

Herbal Balm  with paralysis after a stroke. Buy a heartfelt fee at the pharmacy. Add dry plantain, fungus chaga, succession, immortelle, yellow celandine to this herb - just 2 tbsp. l., 100 g of green buckwheat, 100 g of millet, 100 g of soy and 100 g of millet.

Scroll through a meat grinder and fill with vegetable oil (2/3 - mixture, 1/3 - oil). Insist 2 months in a dark place. After that, drain the tincture and heat it to 60 degrees. Set again to insist for another 30 days.

The balm is ready. Rub it overnight in paralyzed places for a month and a half. After a break of 10 days, repeat the course.

These folk remedies, together with a set of exercises of physiotherapy exercises will help you restore health. Remember, the maximum of lost functions after a stroke or heart attack is restored within the first three months.

But, of course, it is better if you do not bring to a stroke. Be attentive to yourself and consult a doctor at the first symptoms of cerebrovascular accident. Folk remedies will help you return to prevent relapse and significantly improve the quality of life.

Disturbance of cerebral circulation symptoms is characteristic. They depend on which systemic disease caused the pathology. After all, it is due to certain systemic diseases that the vessels and blood flow in them are damaged.

Cerebrovascular accident

Cerebral circulation occurs in the vascular system of the spinal cord and brain. Due to a number of factors, pathological processes that disrupt the blood circulation process can begin in the body.

This leads to dire consequences, including:

• damage to the main and cerebral arteries: aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, carotid, vertebral, spinal and other arteries;
• damage to the brain and jugular veins.

Disturbance of cerebral circulation is a serious vascular pathology.

How much brain tissue changes depends on which zone the lesion is located in, what is the degree of its severity, on the age of the patient, his individual characteristics and other factors.

Classification of circulatory disorders in the brain

Several classifications of this disorder have been adopted. So, by the nature of the course, such violations are divided into:

1. Initial manifestations of circulatory disorders.
2. Acute violations. They are developing very rapidly: in a matter of hours or even minutes. These include the following diseases:
3. stroke (hemorrhagic and ischemic);
4. transient disorders, that is, local (focal), which do not affect areas important for saving life;
5. subshell hemorrhages: subarachnoid, epidural, subdural.
6. Chronic disorders They are manifested in insufficiency of spinal and cerebral circulation. These disorders are characterized by slow development and chronic course, progressing for years. These include myelopathy and encephalopathy according to the discirculatory type.

Depending on the type of violation, it is accompanied by characteristic symptoms. In addition, the localization of the lesion is important. This is important when diagnosing. So, the focus can be localized:

• in the right or left hemisphere;
• in the trunk;
• in the ventricles of the brain.

Violation can be multi-focal in nature.

Signs and symptoms of cerebrovascular accident

In medicine, it is customary to distinguish 2 types of signs of insufficient blood supply to the brain:

1. Focal. These include a hemorrhagic type of stroke, cerebral infarction, subshell hemorrhage.
2. Diffuse. These include small-focal changes in the brain substance, which are multiple in nature, minor hemorrhages and cysts, minor foci of necrosis of the brain tissue.

Each of these diseases is accompanied by characteristic symptoms. However, there are common neurological symptoms:

• headaches;
• dizziness;
• disorders of the cerebral cortex: problems with reading, writing, speech impairment;
• paresis, paralysis;
• sensation of "goosebumps" or tingling sensations;
• decrease in visual acuity, vision;
• decreased intelligence, distraction.

Among the focal symptoms, the most commonly observed are:

• disorders of the musculoskeletal system: discoordination, paresis, paralysis, hyperkinesis;
• decrease in sensitivity (for example, a certain part of the body);
• pain syndrome;
• extrapyramidal disorders;
• memory impairment: amnesia of a retrograde or anterograde type;
• violations on the part of the intellect and the emotional-volitional sphere: changes in personality traits, aggression, inappropriate behavior, etc.
• epileptic seizures.

In addition, there are a number of symptoms that are characteristic of circulatory failure caused by intense mental or physical activity or lack of oxygen in the room:

• dizziness;
• headache;
• sensation of noise in the head;
• tinnitus;
• decreased performance;
• sleep disorder.

Such conditions are not accompanied by focal neurological symptoms, in rare cases, its microsymptoms may be present.

Symptoms of Acute Disorders

These include strokes and transient disorders. The latter accompany focal or cerebral symptoms, sometimes both at the same time. Usually they are present in atherosclerosis, hypertension, arterial hypertension.

Each disease has its own symptoms.

Here are the most characteristic:

Stroke. Ischemic stroke always begins acutely. It is accompanied by focal symptoms, which depend on which hemisphere of the brain has been affected. It is worth noting that the left hemisphere is responsible for the right side of the body and vice versa. Therefore, with this type of stroke, weakness of one side of the body is usually observed, loss of sensitivity, impaired thinking, speech, memory can occur. Hemorrhagic stroke is much less common than the first and, as a rule, has a fatal outcome.

Transient ischemic attack is accompanied by mild focal neurological symptoms:

• violation of statics;
• speech disorders;
• paresis;
• confused consciousness;
• muscle weakness, numbness in the limbs;
• diplopia and others

Hypertensive cerebral crisis is accompanied by cerebral symptoms:

• headache;
• dizziness
• vomiting
• nausea.

Sometimes such symptoms of cerebrovascular accident may be absent. Symptoms in each case last at least 24 hours.

Symptoms of Chronic Disorders

Chronic cerebrovascular disorders include myelopathy and encephalopathy of a discirculatory type. These pathologies develop due to circulatory failure, progressing against the background of vascular diseases.

Encephalopathy is characterized by the following symptoms:

• headache;
• memory impairment;
• dizziness, which is unsystematic in nature;
• irritability, distraction, easy fatigue;
• sleep disturbance;
• diffuse symptoms of an organic nature: violation of oral reflexes, slight discoordination.

The disease goes through 3 stages of development, at each of which the symptoms become more pronounced, that is, the disease progresses. At the last stage, the patient develops dementia, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, etc.

Myelopathy is also a progressive disease that also goes through 3 stages of development. The manifestation of each stage is accompanied by characteristic signs.

1. Compensated stage: mild muscle weakness, fatigue.
2. Subcompensated stage: progression of muscle weakness, impaired sensitivity (segmental or conductor), impaired reflexes.
3. The last stage: paresis, paralysis, significant disturbances in sensitivity, pelvic disorders.

Such disorders usually develop in older people. Over the years, the condition progresses. Due to cerebrovascular accident, symptoms in elderly patients manifest as memory impairment, poor mental abilities, changes in character traits (for example, a person becomes aggressive or distracted).

Causes of a disturbance in the blood supply to the brain

There are many reasons why cerebral circulation may be impaired. Here are the main ones:

1. Hypertensive crisis. This is the main factor that negatively affects the blood supply to the brain. If the pressure rises sharply to high levels (a hypertensive crisis occurs), this can lead to rupture of the vessel. In turn, blood can enter the medulla, resulting in the formation of an intracerebral hematoma.
2. Aneurysm. This is a congenital pathology, which is a formation on the wall of a vessel. This education has the form of a sac, in which there is no muscular framework. Due to increased pressure, the aneurysm may burst, which leads to a violation of blood circulation. Usually the cause of the gap is physical activity or stress. If the aneurysm is located on the wall of the vessel of the brain, this leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage.
3. Blockage of arteries. Clogging can be caused, for example, by inflammation of the heart valves. In turn, this provokes the formation of a blood clot in the heart. The latter can come off at any moment, and the bloodstream can deliver it to the brain vessel. The latter always has a smaller size than a blood clot, and therefore blockage occurs.
4. Atherosclerosis. With the disease, plaques form, which can also act as emboli and clog vessels. It can become.
5. Blood coagulability. Any deviation of this indicator from the norm is dangerous. An increased rate can lead to thrombosis, that is, the formation of blood clots. Reduced rates cause bleeding even with minor bruises. Low blood coagulation is called hemophilia.
6. Spasm of the vessel. A sharp contraction of the muscle layer of the vessel wall can cause excessive compression, or spasm. This is how the development of cerebral infarction occurs.
7. Changes in the walls of blood vessels. And again, it’s worth remembering blood pressure. If it often rises (this is not a hypertensive crisis), then over time it affects the walls of small vessels, which are responsible for the nutrition of the deep structures of the brain. These changes are characterized by a narrowing and even complete closure of small vessels, as a result of which the delivery of nutrients to deeper brain structures worsens or stops.
8. Chronic fatigue. If the human body is experiencing excessive stress, this leads to overwork of the brain. And this applies to both physical and mental stress. Over time, if a person does not change his lifestyle and does not provide a complete rest to the whole body and brain, this leads to the fact that the brain runs out of resources. As a result of this, blood supply to the brain may also be impaired.
9. Problems with the cervical spine. In this case, the most common cause is osteochondrosis. With this ailment, the arteries are compressed, which deliver nutrients to the brain. As a result, blood circulation and brain functionality are impaired.
10. Injuries. With a concussion, bruises, hemorrhages, etc., a blood supply disorder can also occur. This is due to compression of the brain centers, which becomes the reason for the difficulty in blood supply. In turn, this can even be fatal.

Often it is the latter factor that causes so many people to die after car accidents, falling from a height and other similar tragedies.

Secondary reasons

There are factors that increase a person's chances of having problems with blood supply. These include:

1. Bad habits. In particular, alcohol, drugs, nicotine.
2. Overweight. It is very important to establish the cause of excess weight.
3. Lack of exercise. If a person leads a sedentary lifestyle, it negatively affects the vessels.
4. Age. The older the person, the higher the risk of developing a pathological process. Nevertheless, such a pathology is not uncommon among middle-aged people, which is explained by increased stress, stress, etc., which is full of life for a modern person.
5. Chronic diseases For example, diabetes mellitus, infectious diseases (both in chronic and in acute form).
6. Genetics. Often, the disorder is hereditary.

At the first signs of circulatory disorders, you need to contact a neurologist. Diagnosing such patients and making a final diagnosis is not an easy task for a doctor. The patient is assigned a comprehensive examination using special equipment, for example, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, etc. This is necessary for making the correct diagnosis and prescribing treatment.