Intestinal fermentation foods list. Reasons for fermentation in the intestine, ways to eliminate it

The date: 20.04.2019

Content of the article:

When negative disorders occur in the human body, not only the condition worsens general healthbut also his whole life. It is difficult to be active and able to work when unpleasant problems with the functionality of internal organs are regularly plagued.

The basis of many human diseases is the malfunctioning of the digestive system, which has a continuous connection with nutrition. Due to the use of junk food, the intake of alcohol, medicines in large quantities, smoking and addiction to drugs, serious changes occur in the human body, which are often irreparable.

In order to prevent the development of painful symptoms that are detected against the background of disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to follow the correct diet throughout life and limit the consumption of harmful foods in your diet.

But, as a rule, it is quite difficult to fulfill this mission, and each of us resorts to a healthy lifestyle only after the identification of a developed disease. There are many diseases and disorders in the digestive system, one of which is intestinal fermentation.

This disorder is not a pathological disease, but it is considered a rather negative deviation in the work of the gastrointestinal tract. To get rid of this unpleasant ailment, you need to find out the causes of fermentation, and only then start treatment, while eliminating not only unpleasant symptoms, but also the main provocateur that contributes to the development of the disease.

Fermentation in the intestine occurs against the background of incomplete digestion of food entering the gastrointestinal tract. Insufficient digestion occurs due to a lack of alkali in the human body, which produces digestive juice.

The remaining pieces of food in the intestines gradually rot, which causes the fermentation process. The reasons for incomplete digestion of food are in the person's improper diet and excessive consumption acidic foods, drinks, berries, etc.

In some cases, this process is formed due to a violation of the intestinal microflora, due to insufficient blood circulation in the digestive organs, as well as in the presence of certain obstacles, for example, abnormal narrowing of the intestine, the presence of adhesions, tumors, etc.

The fermentation process can occur due to overuse protein products, as well as food, rich in carbohydrates... These components in large quantities simply do not have time to be digested and settle in the intestines, turning into poisonous masses.

Sweets, sugar, spices, spices, store sausages, fried foods and beer can also be a source of fermentation in the intestines.

In order not to cause an unpleasant process in the intestines, the listed food products must be consumed in small quantities or completely abandoned food harmful to the body. This will allow not only to exclude the formation of fermentation in the intestine, but also to prevent the development of more serious illnesses Gastrointestinal tract.

Fermentation in the intestines is accompanied by very unpleasant symptoms:

excessive gas formation (flatulence);
colic and rumbling in the stomach;
unpleasant pain in the abdominal cavity;
the appearance of constipation or mushy stools.

The started fermentation process is fraught with more serious consequences. The putrid food remaining in the body pollutes the intestines and activates the development of bacteria. Along with this, fecal stones may appear in the intestines, as well as an unpleasant "fecal" stomach, sagging under the weight of food stuck in the body.

Needless to say, such symptoms significantly worsen a person's life, leading him to despair and nervous breakdowns. In order to prevent these consequences, it is necessary to begin a timely fight against the painful process, first of all eliminating the causes of such an education.

The first symptoms of fermentation alert the patient about the presence of the wrong food in the body, therefore, the principle of treatment is based on the elimination of all products from the diet that may lead to this process. A balanced diet will be the key to a successful recovery.

Having eliminated the causes that led to fermentation, the patient will need reinforcing therapy, eliminating pathogenic microflora and strengthening immune system person.

Specialists in such cases prescribe special medications: "Mutaflor", "Omniflora", "Lactobacterin", "Bifidumbacterin" and other similar drugs. Painful sensations in the abdomen are perfectly eliminated by antispasmodic drugs.

Since the stagnation of undigested food is formed in feces, which are actively fixed on the intestinal walls and provoke unpleasant symptoms, the patient is recommended to cleanse the organ. Laxatives containing salt are used quite effectively.

If the treatment at home is successful and painful manifestations no longer arise, it is not necessary to contact a specialist. In cases where standard cleansing did not allow to get rid of fermentation in the intestines, a doctor's consultation is recommended.

Get rid of flatulence and other unpleasant symptoms of fermentation, will help activated carbontaken immediately after the onset of the first manifestations. Many advise using recipes for this purpose. traditional medicine, using medicinal herbs and conventional food.

Eliminate will help pharmacy chamomile, dill seeds, lemon balm, mint, pomegranate peel and leaves walnut... It is advisable to take these components in the form of a tincture or herbal tea.

To eliminate painful signs in the abdomen, traditional healers recommend to attach to a sore spot warm compressuntil it cools completely. After, the warmed up stomach must be gently massaged, which will help to quickly remove the accumulated gases.

If fermentation is accompanied severe diarrhea, plants that have an astringent effect will be required. These include oak bark, cherry fruits, and burnet root.

To improve bowel function, experts recommend performing simple physical exercises... Such an exercise has a rather positive effect: a sick person needs to bend his legs in the knee area, then draw in his stomach and abruptly release. To restore the functionality of the organ, this charge must be repeated several times.

If fermentation is detected in the intestine, it is necessary to consume a significant amount of liquid, which will help not to bring the body to dehydration, often due to intoxication.

The list of permitted foods that do not cause the fermentation process includes foods of a vegetable composition, foods containing alkalis, mineral water and bee honey.

All permitted foods should be consumed in small quantities, chewing each piece thoroughly. During periods of progression of the process, it is better to eat a mushy composition or completely exclude the consumption of food for a certain period.

A temporary diet will allow you to quickly eliminate the fermentation process in the intestines and relieve pain in the abdomen. With the development of this unpleasant symptom, it is recommended to exclude the following foods from the diet for several days:

bakery products, baked goods and yeast formulations;
dairy and fermented milk products;
salting and smoked meats;
fried and fatty foods;
marinades and preservation;
semi-finished products and spices.

Gastroenterologists advise you to carefully consider your daily diet and in no case overeat! Excessive food intake leads to serious disorders in the system. digestive organs and provokes the development of rather unpleasant gastrointestinal diseases.

All food products consumed must be fresh and natural. During meals, food must be thoroughly chewed and washed down with a healthy drink or plain water.

A balanced diet and a correct diet will be the key healthy way life, without the manifestation of unpleasant and painful processes in the body.

thank

Few people like to talk about their intestinal gases, it is so customary that this is a very delicate and intimate topic, but almost everyone likes to joke about it, driving their neighbor into the paint.

In case of malnutrition and digestion, protein and carbohydrate food in the small intestine is not completely digested (there are not enough enzymes and intestinal juice), but stagnates, ferments and decays.

As a result of such phenomena, nutrients not digested in the small intestine are broken down, and feces are formed.

Possible causes of excessive fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines:

eating disorders, especially overeating,

deficiency of digestive enzymes as a result of diseases of the stomach, liver, pancreas, including if food is drunk abundantly with water or other liquid (the concentration of intestinal juice decreases),

violation of intestinal motility,

with an imbalance of the intestinal microflora, including intestinal infections,

ulcerative colitis, colon cancers, adhesions as a result of operations and other bowel diseases.

In the case of an intense fermentation and putrefactive process, an excess amount of intestinal gases is produced. Also, a person may be bothered by other symptoms and digestive disorders.

Causes of increased gas production in the intestine

There can be a lot of reasons for increased gas formation, and the formation process a large number gas can be associated with virtually all stages of digestion, ranging from food intake. Yes, and each person is individual, not everyone has the same gas formation. Different people have different mechanisms for disrupting the formation of intestinal gases, as well as the volumes of their release, even when exposed to the same factors and pathological processes.

Air entering the stomach from the outside:

Eating foods that contribute to gas production (more details in the next section of the article).

Drinking fluids during and immediately before or after meals.

Overeating, food intake after fasting, the habit of eating before bedtime.

Lack of enzymes:
- physiological factor: early childhood or old age,
- stomach diseases: gastritis, peptic ulcer,
- gallbladder disease and biliary tract: biliary dyskinesia, cholecystitis,
- different kinds hepatitis (viral, toxic, alcoholic), cirrhosis, acute or chronic liver failure,
- tumors liver and pancreas,
- pancreatic diseases : pancreatitis,
- congenital digestive disorders : celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, lactase deficiency, phenylketonuria, abnormalities in the development of the liver, pancreas and other digestive organs.
Imbalance of intestinal microflora (dysbiosis): an insufficient amount " good bacteria»(Lacto- and bifidumbacteria), a large number of putrefactive bacteria. As a result, the processes of putrefaction in the intestines and gas formation are expressed.

Cholelithiasis and condition after surgery to remove the gallbladder.

Intestinal infections and helminthic invasions.

Intestinal motility disorders (peristalsis):
- improper lifestyle and nutrition: inactivity, insufficient amount of fiber consumed in the form of vegetables, fruits, cereals and so on,
- diseases of central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis, stroke and others),
- violation of blood circulation and innervation of the intestines and mesentery: osteochondrosis lumbar spine, atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta, intestinal infarction, liver failure with high blood pressure in the portal vein and so on,
- adhesive process after surgical intervention in the abdominal cavity,
- severe postural disorder, wearing corsets, things with a tight belt or belt.

Intestinal tumors.

Ulcerative colitis, proctitis, appendicitis and other pathologies of the digestive system.

As we can see advanced education gases in the intestine can indicate both a violation of the food intake process and severe pathologies, including congenital, oncological and neurological.

Gassing products

individual characteristics

List of foods that promote education

Product type	Product	The intensity of gassing, depending on various factors
Product type	Product	*High degree of gassing*	*Product variant that reduces gassing*
Vegetables	*Cabbage*	raw white cabbage, sauerkraut,	chinese cabbage and other varieties, cabbage salad, seasoned with vegetable oil, stewed and boiled cabbage.
	*Legumes*	beans, peas (in any form), cocoa beans contained in chocolate, it is undesirable to take beans along with meat dishes, while gas formation increases significantly,	lentils, beans or peas soaked in water for 12 hours before cooking.
	*Potatoes*	In any form	-
	*Tomatoes*	In any form, including sauces	-
	*Bow*	fresh, marinated, fried.	stewed, boiled, steamed, baked
	*Garlic*	fresh, marinated	thermally treated
Greens	*Parsley,* *sorrel,* *arugula and stuff*	fresh	thermally treated
Fruits and berries	*Bananas,* *grapes,* *prunes,* *persimmon,* *apples and pears,* *apricot and peach,* *melon and watermelon,* *gooseberry,* *citrus fruits (tangerines, oranges, grapefruits),* *kiwi and so on*	fresh fruits, especially if they are consumed on an empty stomach, unripe fruits and berries, when combined with dairy products,	thermally processed (baked, boiled), if you eat fresh fruit after main meals or as a snack.
Cereals	*Corn,* *whole grain cereals,* *muesli,* *bran,* *sprouts of wheat and other* except rice, which does not promote gassing at all	whole grains combined with meat, it is not advisable to drink it with water or other drinks,	whole grain soufflé and puree, whole grains eaten for breakfast.
Pastry containing yeast	*Baking,* *bran, white and black bread,* *pies*	freshly baked and fried products, crackers washed down with milk drinks,	crackers, "Yesterday's" bread, Brown bread made from wholemeal flour.
Eggs	*Chicken, quail eggs*	omelette, omelet, mayonnaise,	boiled, fresh raw.
Dairy products	*Whole milk,* *cheese,* *sour cream,* *fermented milk drinks,* *butter and others.*	milk and fermented milk drinks for adults, any kind of cheese, feta cheese,	milk and fermented milk products for children, fermented milk products for adults, if they are consumed separately from other food, for example, before bedtime.
Meat	*Mutton,* *pork,* *beef,* *goose,* *offal (liver, heart, etc.),* *meat broths.*	meat of elderly animals, grilled meat, smoked meats, when receiving any meat dishes, including broths, before bed	meat of young animals, cooked meat, steamed cutlets, any meat in the morning
Fish and seafood	*Fatty fish* *shrimp,* *scallops,* *squid*	when eating such food before bedtime	when taking seafood in the morning
Sweets	*Sugar,* *sweet and confectionery*	any, especially those containing starch and gelatin.	-
The drinks	*Any carbonated drinks* *beer,* *kvass,* *jelly,* *juices with pulp,* *fruit drinks.*	carbonated drinks, any drinks taken before, during or immediately after a meal,	non-carbonated drinks that are taken 30 minutes before or 30 minutes after a meal.
Spice, salt	*Most spices and herbs*	If you drink spicy and salty foods with water.	Dill, fennel, cumin, marjoram, mint.

** This table is calculated for people without serious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In the presence of allergies, diseases of the liver, pancreas and other pathologies, any product can lead to increased gas production.

As you can see, the list of products that increase gassing contains almost all the ingredients of our menu. But this does not mean that it is worth giving up on them, on the contrary, they are all necessary for our body, contain essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals and many other useful things. They just need to be properly combined and processed correctly.

So, for example, all fried, pickled and smoked foods, regardless of their usefulness, will increase the amount of gas, but boiled, steamed and baked foods will always be beneficial. Fresh fruits and vegetables stimulate a lot of gas mainly in people who are not used to such food. This phenomenon lasts no more than 3-4 days, then fresh vegetables and fruits are well tolerated and benefit without unnecessary gas.

Many foods give gases if they are washed down with liquids (including tea, coffee and compote), so it is useful to drink water half an hour before or half an hour after a meal. It is also important to reduce the amount of salt and sugar. The time of day of taking certain products also affects the process of gas formation, most of the products from the table are best consumed in the morning, well, of course not before bedtime. And physical activity improves intestinal motility and the elimination of gases from the intestines, so it is very important not to lie on the sofa or sit at the computer after eating, but to do household chores or go for a walk.

Symptoms of increased gas production in the intestines

Frequent passing of gas (farting)

Unpleasant smell of gases

Abdominal pain and intestinal colic

Bloating

Bloating

Rumbling in the stomach

Stool disorder: diarrhea (diarrhea) and constipation

intestinal infections

common reasons

Belching

environment

So that gases do not interfere with enjoyment interesting situation, it is worth completely rethinking your diet. This will be useful not only for the mother herself, but also for her baby. Also, if the pregnancy is going well, it is important to move a lot, walk in the fresh air, and not go to bed after eating.

Carminative drugs, although they are not absorbed into the blood, are still prescribed in extreme cases, when normalization of nutrition does not help. At the same time, preference is given to Simethicone preparations and vegetable origin (fennel, dill, etc.).

Increased gas production in late pregnancy

later dates

premature birth

In order to reduce gassing, as on early datesyou have to stick hard proper nutrition... The main condition is to eat often, but in small portions, avoid foods that increase gas formation, and do not eat before bedtime. Pregnancy is not a pathology, a woman needs to move, walk more (if there is no indication for bed rest), this will contribute to a better discharge of gases from the intestines.

Flatulence after childbirth

intestinal colic

If a woman was prescribed antibiotics after childbirth, then dysbiosis may have developed. If childbirth was carried out by caesarean section, then anesthesia was used, which inhibits peristalsis, contributing to the retention of gases in the intestines, but after anesthesia, the bowel function returns to normal within a few days.

In any case, a nursing mother will have to adhere to a diet so that the baby does not have a tummy ache or allergies or diathesis appear.

Why does gas production increase after ovulation?

Before use, you must consult with a specialist.

As a result of the digestive and other processes in the human body, a certain amount of gases accumulates, which is removed outside due to self-regulation. (in medical terminology - flatulence) is an education more gases in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract than during the normal functioning of the body.

With increased gas production, bloating may occur.

Foods with a high protein content take a long time, which also leads to the fermentation of the digested food. Therefore, it is not recommended to eat fried and hard-boiled eggs, fatty rich meat broths, mushrooms in any form, whole milk and products from it, nuts.

The consumption of sweet fruits, cabbage, legumes, raw onions, radishes should be minimized. The fiber contained in these products in large quantities stimulates the active reproduction of intestinal microflora, thereby increasing the amount of gaseous products of their vital activity.

With flatulence, the use of animal fats (lard, cream, butter), barley, pearl barley and millet groats, canned food, chocolate, jams, various sauces and seasonings, carbonated drinks, and chewing gum are also harmful.

Food should be familiar, that is, typical for consumption in a given region. So, when living in central Russia, the use of exotic dishes, for example, Chinese or Indian cuisine, can lead to a violation.

In addition to the fact that food should be familiar, it should also be healthy, that is, contain as little as possible synthetic additives - preservatives, dyes, flavorings, flavor enhancers, etc. Among general principles nutrition with flatulence, the following can be distinguished:

normalization of intestinal motility;
restoration of healthy microflora;
cessation of the processes of fermentation and decay of food masses;
ensuring a balanced diet.

Meals should be divided into 5-6 meals in small portions at regular intervals so that the necessary substances from the food can be absorbed, and the unnecessary ones are excreted from the body.

He will conduct a physical examination of the patient, prescribe a series of tests and the necessary diagnostic procedures, which will allow you to form a clear picture of the disease and prescribe the most effective program treatment.

Medicines prescribed for flatulence and diseases that it accompanies are divided into several groups depending on the purpose of the appointment:

Adsorbents stimulate harmful substancesresulting from the breakdown of products (Lactofiltrum, Polysorb, Polyphepan, Enterosgel).
Choleretic drugs stimulate intestinal motility, accelerate digestive processes (Cholenzim, Allochol, Essentiale).
Prebiotics and probiotics normalize the intestinal microflora (Bifiorm, Khilak-forte,).
Fement preparations stimulate digestive processes (Penzital, Pancreatin, Mezim-forte).
Antispasmodics reduce pain, removing muscle spasms that cause them (Papaverine, Atropine, Platyphyllin).
Prokinetics accelerate the movement of digested food through the intestines (Ganaton.).
Antifoaming agents precipitate mucous foam, in the bubbles of which there are excess gases (Smecta, Espumisan).

Since flatulence is often only one of clinical manifestations many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in the diagnosis of those, first of all, treatment of the underlying disease is prescribed. Recovery from it can lead to the elimination of the symptoms of flatulence without the use of any special meansaimed directly at eliminating increased gassing.

Traditional medicine

A decoction of rowan fruits helps to eliminate flatulence.

In addition to drugs, there are many drugs that somehow affect the processes of increased gas production and contribute to their normalization.

These funds include both medicinal plants, as well as ordinary ones, which can be found even on a personal plot.

The following compositions are used as medicinal decoctions that normalize the activity of the digestive system, improve intestinal motility and promote the elimination of excess gaseous products from the body:

3 tbsp mixtures of crushed dryweed, St. John's wort and yarrow in a 1: 1: 1 ratio are steamed in 1 liter of boiling water. The broth is insisted for a couple of hours and drunk at 0.5 tbsp. before eating.
Peppermint, valerian root, and fennel are crushed. 2 tsp mixtures in a ratio of 2: 2: 1 are steamed in 1 tbsp. boiling water, infused for 30 minutes. The broth is drunk 2 times a day before meals, 0.5 tbsp.
Chopped rowan fruits, dill seeds, valerian root, mint leaves are mixed in a ratio of 4: 3: 3: 2. 1 tbsp brewed 1 tbsp. boiling water. The broth is infused and taken in the same way as recipe number 2.

All plants that make up these recipes have therapeutic effect and by themselves, but when mixed with each other, their benefits are enhanced. There are also medications against flatulence, created on a natural plant basis:

Plantex contains fennel as the main active ingredient.
Rekitsen-RD is a mixture of wheat bran and deactivated wine yeast, supplemented with useful microelements.
Iberogast is made on the basis of the following plants: Iberian bitter, lemon balm, angelica, chamomile, celandine, mint.

As you know, the whole process of digestion is quite long and multistage. It starts back in oral cavity, under the action of saliva enzymes, then enters the stomach, is processed by enzymes there and only then enters the small intestine. There, food lumps are already processed by the secretions of the pancreas and bile, which contribute to their further crushing, and after that they are absorbed by the villi of the duodenum and other departments. small intestine... Further, the chyme (food masses that have undergone all kinds of biochemical processing) are sent to the large intestine, where further processing under the action of bacterial enzymes takes place, water is absorbed and a small amount of fiber is broken down. Then the already undigested food debris accumulates, becomes denser (mainly in sigmoid colon and are displayed outside).

As already mentioned above, all digestive processes from beginning to end depend not only on the nutrient substrate and the action of the glands of the human gastrointestinal tract, but also on the intestinal microflora, which exhibits a certain metabolic activity. It is she who is to blame for the fermentation processes (some physiologists call this process rotting, which is correct in principle).

Regarding how much fermentation in the intestine is a physiological process, we can say unequivocally that it is normal, in completely healthy person, this process is going on. This is how it should be and this is absolutely normal. However, the question is that the intensity of this process can be completely different. This is explained by many factors, the main ones are the following:

The nature of the food to be digested. The thing is that only those substances (nutrient substrates) that have not been assimilated by the human gastrointestinal tract at a certain stage are subjected to decay. That is, if, passing through the small intestine, the food masses were not properly processed for some reason, or the content of certain substances exceeded the required limit, then these substrates are retained in digestive system and begin to rot, which is quite natural and natural. To make it easier for you to understand this process, draw an analogy with a refrigerator that is in your apartment. You put food in there that you eat every day. In the event that, for some reason, you put more product in the refrigerator than you need, then it will be logical that the surplus will not be consumed by you. They will lie down, of course, for a while, and then they will start to rot under the influence of certain microorganisms - everything also happens in the intestines. Untapped nutrients are degraded by fermentation bacteria;

The nature of the microflora. It is reliably known that the microflora of the small intestine differs significantly from (just like pH, anatomical structure, physiological characteristics, and much more). In the event that any dysbacteriosis occurs (quantitative and qualitative violation of the composition of the intestinal microflora), then, accordingly, the function assigned to it will undergo changes that will not slow down to affect the general health of the human body;
Duration of stay of food masses in the human body. Let's go back to the refrigerator example above. Presumably, the food stuck in it for some reason longer than it should. It is logical that through certain time food rotting occurs. The same is true in the intestine - there is a violation of peristalsis (contraction of smooth muscle cells, thanks to which movement through the intestine is carried out), for this reason the food masses are retained longer than expected. This is what causes fermentation in the intestines.

In which part of the gastrointestinal tract does this process take place?

What is most interesting, despite how different the large and small intestines are from each other in anatomical and functional terms, the fermentation process takes place in both sections. Naturally, in view of the characteristics of the microflora (different bacteria inhabit these anatomical structures), as well as the fact that food masses are in the large intestine much longer in time than in the small intestine, at times more often all putrefactive processes just take place in the large intestine. However, fermentation (putrefactive processes) is also noted in the small intestine. Although this moment for clinical manifestations (features of symptoms) or the choice of patient management tactics does not matter.

Indeed, in fact, fermentation (even if intensified) cannot be called a disease - it is nothing more than one of physiological mechanisms , which, by definition, cannot be pathogenic in nature. Moreover, it is carried out by bacteria normal microflora... Increased gas formation, flatulence - this is just one of the manifestations of dyspeptic syndrome. Considering that it is characterized by much more unpleasant processes, no one will talk about fermentation as a pathology. Although, be that as it may, this question remains relevant, and it is necessary to prevent excessive fermentation in order to get rid of unnecessary discomfort.

Factors (or immediate causes) provoking the onset of fermentation

As in all cases associated with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the key value (the most important reason, meaning) in the development of all fermentation processes has the nature of nutrition. In this case, the provoking factors (reasons) are the consumption of a large amount of meat food (it is more correct to say - protein, since vegetable or any other protein also contributes to the development of the processes under consideration). In cases where fermentation and flatulence are particularly pronounced, often protein generally predominates in the human diet (as a rule, this kind of situation occurs in athletes who seek to increase muscle mass and strive to consume as much protein as possible). That is, it becomes clear that it is the processing of proteins by bacteria that leads to fermentation processes. The more substrate, the more intense the process will be, everything is correct.

In addition, risk factors are those processes that lead to a problem with peristaltic movements (violation of their strength and rhythm). Naturally, these include stress, nervous strain, unhealthy diet, low levels of insoluble fiber, and many others. So even if the food is with a normal protein content, but "stays" in the intestines longer than normal metabolism requires, then the intensification of decay processes is guaranteed.

Also, an uncontrolled intake will lead to an increase in fermentation processes antibacterial drugs or any other factor leading to dysbiosis (common causes). The thing is that putrefactive processes are not stimulated by all bacteria that are part of the intestinal microflora, and under the action of antibiotics, these bacteria, as a rule, do not die and replace other bacteria.

There are other reasons that lead to an increase in the process of putrefaction in the human intestine, but they are quite rare. First of all, the conversation is about those diseases that are accompanied by intestinal obstruction, complete or partial (that is, blocking the intestinal lumen). As a rule, this condition is caused by an oncological neoplasm, postoperative scar or atony of a certain part of the intestine. Sometimes severe helminthiases lead to it.

A separate topic is the fermentation process in children. younger age... The reason for its sharp increase may simply be a change in diet. It happens especially often when switching from breastfeeding to formula or replacing one formula with another. It is required with the help of drugs to introduce the necessary bacteria into the child's intestines.

A few words about symptoms

As already indicated, the most pronounced manifestation of fermentation processes is increased gas formation, flatulence. Rarely enough, there are other signs of dyspeptic syndrome, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, or nausea. It should be noted that in children this symptomatology is much more pronounced than in adults - due to the failure of the gastrointestinal tract.

How should these symptoms be stopped, what should be the most justified treatment?

Naturally, all treatment begins with a correction of the diet - some products can enhance fermentation (you can even do without a single medicine). First of all, it will be necessary to reduce the amount of protein food consumed (in this case, we mean meat products and various legumes - soy, peas, spinach). In addition, you should eat as much food as possible containing insoluble vegetable fiber ( healthy foods (list) - oatmeal, whole grain bread).

Oddly enough, increased fermentation is one of the few diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in which alcohol is allowed (meaning medical alcohol diluted with water in a 1: 1 ratio, beer and wine are excluded). True, the effectiveness of alcohol intake has not yet been proven in any way at the molecular level; in practice, most people use just such a treatment if they encounter an increased rumbling in the stomach.

In addition to correcting the diet (meaning to start using other, useful food products), it will also be necessary to work on restoring the normal intestinal microflora. This treatment will already be considered medication. For this, probiotics (Lines, Lactovita or Bifidum-bacterin) and prebiotics (preparations based on lactulose) will be quite enough.

Do not forget about sorbents - atoxil or white coal... They will help remove dissolved toxins from the human body. This is called detoxification treatment.

findings

Fermentation (putrefaction) in the intestine is a completely physiological process, but normally it should not proceed very intensively (that is, so that it is not in any way noted by a person, does not "manifest itself"). In the event that, for certain reasons, fermentation (rotting, in other words) begins to be carried out too intensively, it is necessary to think about the advisability of correcting nutrition and using some medicationsconducting gentle treatment.

However, it should be remembered that the pathology associated with the processes of fermentation (decay) will not cause a particularly pronounced manifestation of dyspeptic syndrome. This is due to the absence of a morphological substrate, which will become the key reason for the development of any more serious pathology.

The process can be triggered by the use of foods that lead to increased gas production or increase the acidity of gastric juice, due to which it inactivates digestive enzymes.

If the reason is in the diet, then if the dietary recommendations are followed, the release of gas in the intestines will stop. But if the exclusion of some products from the menu does not lead to the desired result, then this indicates the development of the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.

Why does the process begin in the intestines?

Fermentation and putrefaction are two processes that produce gas in the intestines, but they are caused by different factors. Fermentation is a redox process that leads to the formation of alcohol, organic acids, acetone and other organic substances, as well as carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Fermentation is typical for carbohydrates (organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen). Rotting occurs under the influence of microbes, in the process of decomposition of organic nitrogen-containing compounds, ptomains are formed, which have toxic properties.

Putrefaction takes place in the large intestine, since there are conditions for the existence of putrefactive bacteria. Thus, carbohydrates that are in the large intestine ferment and at the same time release gases (carbon dioxide and hydrogen), and proteins rot and form gaseous ammonia.

The breakdown of carbohydrates begins in the oral cavity under the action of salivary enzymes (amylase and maltase). The process continues in duodenumwhere intestinal and pancreatic juice breaks down carbohydrate to glucose, which is then oxidized in cells to water and carbon dioxide, or converted to fat or glycogen.

With normal digestion, all food that ends up in the stomach and small intestine must be broken down by hydrolytic enzymes, with the exception of water, vitamins and minerals, which enter the bloodstream unchanged.

The large intestine receives only a liquid residue, consisting of water and indigestible substances, for example, cellulose, for which there is no enzyme in the human body to break down.

Due to the fact that carbohydrates are not broken down in the large intestine, a fermentation process appears, which contributes to increased gas production

Proteins and carbohydrates should not enter the large intestine, but they still get here if there is pancreatic insufficiency or gastric secretion is impaired. Diseases of the small intestine can prevent starch from being broken down.

Consequently, fermentation in the large intestine, however, like rotting, is a sign of a dysfunction of the organs responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates or proteins, or the result of too much consumption of foods containing an indigestible component.

If carbohydrates and proteins are not completely broken down and end up in the large intestine, then they are oxidized or destroyed by bacteria through fermentation. As a result of the process, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, lactic and acetic acid, and toxins are released. They damage the walls of the intestines and cause them to stretch.

How fermentation in the intestine affects the body

It is considered normal if there is up to 0.9 liters of gas in the intestines. Increased gas formation (flatulence) leads to pain and heaviness in the abdominal region, bloating, stool disorder. Occasional gas accumulation also occurs during normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, for example, after foods that increase gas production, or as a result of overeating, when there is not enough time to digest food.

But if flatulence worries constantly, then this indicates the pathology of the stomach, small intestine or pancreas. Moreover, the reasons can be organic or functional. So, flatulence can occur as a result of:

microflora disorders. If the number of opportunistic microorganisms in the intestine exceeds the number of beneficial bacteria, then food digestion occurs with increased gas production;
deterioration in the removal of gases. Occurs when something is present that obstructs the gas path. It can be a tumor, fecal stones, worms;
decrease in peristalsis. The movement of food is slowed down, so the fermentation process begins;
dysphagia. Air can enter the stomach and intestines through the mouth during swallowing. Some of this air comes out through the mouth (belching), and some remains and may cause discomfort.

Increased gas formation leads to the appearance of:

abdominal pain (provoked by stretching of the intestinal wall or its spasm);
bloating (occurs due to an increase in the abdomen);
rumbling (gas mixes with the liquid contents of the intestine);
belching (if fermentation or decay begins in the stomach, then air can escape through the mouth with unpleasant odor);
nausea (due to the contained toxins and products of incomplete breakdown of food);
chronic constipation (if the balance of the intestinal microflora is disturbed and there is a lack of mineral salts and an excess of undigested food, then the composition of the feces is disturbed, which leads to a slowdown in the movement of food through the intestines);
chronic diarrhea (occurs due to the fact that the toxic contents of the large intestine cause increased secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen).

Fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, contributing to increased gas production, accompanies many diseases. Among them are fermentopathies, gastritis, peptic ulcer, cholelithiasis, dysbiosis, colitis, pancreatitis, Crohn's disease, cholecystitis, cirrhosis, tumors, adhesions.

If fermentation in the intestines is the result of excessive consumption of carbohydrates, especially fiber, then they speak of fermentation dyspepsia. The disease occurs if a person adheres to a diet that restricts the use of protein and fatty foods. The causes of the disease also include insufficient chewing of food, a lack of enzymes, an increase in peristalsis.

In the absence of certain enzymes or their inactivity, individual intolerance to certain foods develops

If lactase is not synthesized, then it is not broken down in the body cow's milk... Protein enters the large intestine unchanged, where it begins to decompose, causing an increased formation of water, gas and affecting the microflora.

To eliminate the symptoms of the disease, it is enough to remove milk from the diet, and in severe cases, fermented milk products, as well as butter.

It is imperative to consult a gastroenterologist if, in addition to flatulence, there is following symptoms:

nausea and vomiting;
discoloration of the skin and sclera;
a sharp decrease in weight;
bloating while taking medication;
pain in the abdomen appears regardless of the type of food consumed.

How to influence the intensity of fermentation

To eliminate fermentation in the intestines, first of all, it is necessary to balance the diet. You should limit the use of foods that increase gas formation. These are beans, peas, lentils, cabbage, radishes, radishes, raw vegetables and fruits, coffee, cocoa.

Diet is required regardless of what caused the gas

Spices and spices such as pepper, rosemary, cumin, thyme, vinegar can also contribute to flatulence. Gas production in the intestines increases due to foods containing sugar and starch, so you should give up sweet, flour, potatoes, fresh bread.

The menu should include low-fat meats and fish, dairy products, cottage cheese, cereals, soups, eggs. Helps Deal With Excessive Gas Generation herbal decoctions from dill, chamomile, walnut leaves, lemon balm, peppermint or pomegranate peel.

And although some restrictions are introduced, a person must still consume a sufficient amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Lactic acid bacteria destroy the putrefactive bacteria that colonize the large intestine, and fiber and food rich in pectin increase intestinal motility and aids in the elimination of toxins and poisonous substances from the body.

A nutritionist can help balance your diet. In addition to revising the diet itself, you must also pay attention to the diet. It is recommended to eat food in small portions, but often. Optimally, four times a day, at approximately the same time intervals.

So, the food will be digested better. The process of breaking down carbohydrates begins in the mouth, so the food must be thoroughly chewed. Exercise stress improves digestion, as it accelerates intestinal motility and relieves emotional stress.

Accelerate gas evacuation physiotherapy, contributing to the acceleration of peristalsis

Strong fermentation in the intestine leads to a decrease in the production of protective intestinal mucus, the formation of coprolites (fecal stones), the growth of pathogenic microflora that emit dangerous gases that put a heavy load on the liver.

Therefore, if, with the exclusion of products that increase gas formation, there is no significant improvement in the condition, then it is necessary to consult a doctor and go through full examination gastrointestinal tract.

Medication for increased intestinal gas accumulation

When treating intestinal fermentation, medication may be required. When severe flatulence symptomatic therapy is prescribed, which eliminates symptoms such as stool disturbance, nausea, abdominal pain, cramps. But in order to get rid of the problem, you need to understand its cause and take measures to eliminate it.

To normalize the intestinal microflora, preparations are used that contain beneficial bacteria, or those that contribute to their reproduction. Probiotics suppress putrefactive and gas-forming bacteria, which helps to normalize the digestive and absorption functions.

The agent can be from lactobacilli (Lactobacterin, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Extraalact), bifidobacteria (Bifidumbacterin, Bifikol, Bifiform), multicomponent (Linex). When the process of fermentation and decay is eliminated, flatulence is eliminated, immunity is increased, and the normal intestinal flora is restored.

Sometimes, to eliminate fermentation in the intestine, it may be necessary to take enterosorbents. They will cleanse the intestinal walls of accumulated toxins and toxins, reduce bloating and help eliminate other dyspeptic disorders. Used Enterosgel, Kaopektat, Attapulgit, Polyphepan.

Adsorbents should be taken some time after taking other medications, as they can reduce their effectiveness. Long-term intake the adsorbent leads to a depletion of the body in vitamins, proteins and fats, is able to provoke constipation.

Treatments that relieve spasm of smooth muscles will help reduce abdominal discomfort. These drugs include No-Shpa, Papaverine.

Enzyme preparations improve digestion. They contain components that help break down proteins, fats and carbohydrates into simple compounds. The medication is not taken as an enzyme replacement, but in order to create functional rest for the pancreas.

It is recommended to take drugs with a moderate content of lipolytic enzymes and a sufficient amount of proteolytic enzymes. In this case, Festal is suitable. Enzyme drugs include Pancreatin, Mezim, Creon. They will help relieve the heaviness in the stomach after overeating. These drugs are prescribed by a doctor. They are taken with or immediately after meals and should not be chewed.

Any medications, even probiotics, should only be taken as directed by a doctor.

Defoamers will reduce the surface tension of gas molecules, which will facilitate their removal naturally (they burst or are sucked in). Silicon preparation. It acts only on gas molecules, is not absorbed by cells and does not affect the mucous membrane.

This group includes dimethicone (Zeolate) and simethicone (Espumisan, Disfatil). They are recommended to be taken after meals and at bedtime. Carminative agents will help normalize the activity of the digestive tract, reduce rotting and fermentation.

Dill infusion relieves spasm, has anti-inflammatory, choleretic and carminative properties, enhances the secretion of the digestive glands. Infusion of caraway seeds improves the tone and motility of the gastrointestinal tract, kills bacteria. Fennel helps to improve intestinal motility, has an antibacterial effect, relieves inflammation.

Fermentation in the large intestine indicates a lack of enzymes, which can be a symptom of a disease of the pancreas, stomach, small intestine, liver, or the process is caused by food preferences, which can lead to pathologies first in the large intestine, and then in the overlying organs of the gastrointestinal tract.

Therefore, in the event of increased gas formation, it is necessary to contact a gastroenterologist and a nutritionist to find out the causes of flatulence and adjust the diet.