Polysegmental osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine. What are the features of polysegmental osteochondrosis? Manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis

Polysegmental osteochondrosis of the spine occurs in any section and affects several segments of the spine at the same time. This type of pathology delivers special discomfort and is more difficult to treat.

Polysegmental osteochondrosis - what is it? Understanding the mechanism of development of the disease is associated with the consideration of some anatomical features... The vertebral column is an S-shaped bony structure that acts as support and movement in the human body. It is represented by three departments:

• Cervical area;
• Chest area;
• Lumbosacral region.

Cartilaginous tissue is located between the vertebrae, which acts as a protective element and a source of nutrition for bones. Due to her vertebral column possesses flexibility, which ensures the fulfillment of the main functions. For some reason, there is a decrease in cartilage tissue and the development of osteochondrosis. And polysegmental osteochondrosis affects two and three departments at once.

Causes

The specific causes of the disease have not been identified. However, there is a list of factors long-term exposure which leads to the development of polysegmental osteochondrosis. These include the following points:

• Excessive body weight, which creates excessive stress on the spine and its components;
• The presence of constant loads in excess of human capabilities, which leads to wear and tear of all structures;
• Injuries related to the profession, for example, in different types sports;
• Lack of attention to your posture and curvature as a result of this spine (often found in young age and is complicated by the development of the disease);
• Genetic factor, which includes the characteristics of the metabolism and structure of the spinal column, which are inherited;
• Lack of necessary physical activity (prolonged stay in one position, lack of load on the spinal discs also negatively affects the condition of the spinal column).

These factors can affect the spine both separately and together, causing the development of a polysegmental type of osteochondrosis. It is impossible to completely prevent the impact of these circumstances. However, maintaining healthy way life, sports, high-quality nutrition will help maintain health for a long time.

Symptoms

The nature of the symptoms of the disease depends on which section is affected. The coccygeal part of the spine is considered the least prone to the development of pathology, due to its small size.

Polysegmental osteochondrosis of the cervical spine has the following symptoms:

• Headache;
• Hearing impairment;
• Dizziness attacks;
• Nausea;
• Periodic increase in blood pressure;
• Painful sensations in the cervical region or lower jaw;
• Difficulty moving the neck.

Polysegmental osteochondrosis thoracic the spine at the beginning of its development has no clear signs. Over time, the disease turns into intercostal neuralgia and is manifested by severe pain between the ribs, cough, and the appearance of bronchial spasms. Thanks to this, the disease is called intercostal osteochondrosis. The disease is easily confused with development:

• Pleurisy;
• Heart attack;
• Pulmonary embolism.

The appearance of polysegmental osteochondrosis in the lumbosacral region is expressed in painful sensations both in the area of ​​the lumbar region and in the lower extremities. The patient feels numbness in the legs, swelling of the joints of the limbs. This department is most susceptible to the development of pathological processes in comparison with other areas of the spinal column. This is due to the anatomy and the complex of functions of this department.

The lack of the necessary therapy contributes to the involvement of several parts of the spinal column in the pathological process. In this case, there is a combination of symptoms and similarities with other human diseases.

Diagnostics

Making a correct diagnosis is complicated by the presence of various symptoms, which are characteristic of pathologies different systems... The identification and differentiation of polysegmental osteochondrosis is carried out by the doctor after carrying out:

• General and biochemical blood test;
• X-ray of the spinal column;
• General analysis of urine;
• Tomography;
• Ultrasound examination;
• Vascular Doppler is a procedure to help see if there is a pinched vein or vertebral artery, as it is fraught with impaired cerebral circulation.

All types of research allow not to confuse the disease with damage to other organs. Indeed, the effectiveness of the given therapy and depends on this.

Treatment

After being held necessary examination and diagnosed with polysegmental osteochondrosis, appropriate therapy is prescribed. It includes the following areas:

• The use of medications;
• Diet;
• Carrying out medical gymnastics;
• Massage;
• Physiotherapy procedures;
• Manual therapy;
• The use of traditional medicine.

The use of drugs is reduced to the appointment of a drug or several drugs presented:

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• Analgesics;
• Muscle relaxants;
• Chondroprotectors;

The appointment of a diet is necessary for the rapid restoration of tissues and for them to receive the necessary substances and maintain elasticity. Therapeutic gymnastics is carried out under the supervision of a specialist. This is due to the fact that in some cases there are contraindications to exercise. In addition, physiotherapy exercises require compliance with the characteristics of the implementation.

Physiotherapy includes the use of procedures such as, laser treatment, as well as exposure to low-frequency current. Massage helps to restore blood circulation. There are several types of it, depending on the technique and methods of execution: point, manual, vacuum and hardware. Acupuncture, manual therapy and traditional medicines are excellent complementary avenues that help cope with illness.

Polysegmental osteochondrosis is a serious disease, the effectiveness of treatment of which depends on the stage of development of the pathology, the neglect of the process. The appearance of symptoms characteristic of damage to different zones requires a mandatory visit to the doctor. Timeliness of treatment plays a huge role in the restoration of the functions of the spinal column. After all, the limitation of his mobility is an undoubted sign of a deterioration in the quality of life.

The spine is the main supporting structure of the human body. Throughout life, its elements experience increased loads, while with age, their strength decreases by itself. The day comes when the wear of any of the intervertebral discs exceeds the limits laid down by nature, as a result of which a dagger pain pierces the back of a person - osteochondrosis develops. But what happens when the pathology has spread much further? What are the features of the course and treatment of the polysegmental type of the disease?

Description of the disease

The spine consists of alternating elements - bony vertebrae and cartilaginous intervertebral discs. The former provide strength and protection, the latter serve for cushioning and mobility. This whole structure protects spinal cord stretching inside the spinal column.

The word "bone" in ancient Greek sounds like "osteon", and "cartilage" - "chondros". The combination of these concepts gave the name of the disease affecting the musculoskeletal system.

Osteochondrosis begins its development with damage to the cartilaginous elements, but in the process of its spread, the vertebrae can also be damaged.

Polysegmental osteochondrosis (below) is capable of affecting a significant number of vertebral elements, while taking various forms

The situation is especially difficult when the lesion covers two or more adjacent intervertebral discs. This pathology is called polysegmental osteochondrosis.

Polysegmental osteochondrosis - video

Varieties of polysegmental osteochondrosis: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and others

Symptoms of polysegmental osteochondrosis largely depend on which part of the spine it develops in:

• in the cervical;
• chest;
• lumbar;
• sacral;
• coccyx.

The sacrum and tailbone are composed of fused vertebrae, so that the mobility and wear and tear of these parts are minimal. The thoracic part is slightly more susceptible to osteochondrosis. The vertebrae are able to move here, and the cartilaginous tissue located between them can wear out. But they are numerous, with a large proportion of the load being transferred to the ribs and sternum.

The lumbar spine is most vulnerable to osteochondrosis... It accounts for the retention of a significant part of the weight, shock loads when shaking, walking, jumping and falling.

In the event that the integrity of the cartilage is significantly damaged, its mass can stretch the outer fibrous membrane. In this case, the intervertebral disc is compressed under the pressure of the adjacent vertebrae, losing its cushioning properties. This pathology is called osteochondrosis with disc protrusions. It can lead to a complete rupture of the membrane and the formation of a disc hernia.

Causes and factors of development

There are several reasons leading to the development of polysegmental osteochondrosis:

• age-related changes that cause mineralization of cartilage tissue;
• a sedentary lifestyle that reduces blood microcirculation in the cartilage;
• increased physical activity;
• overweight;
• displacement of the center of gravity of the body during pregnancy;
• hereditary tendency to osteochondrosis;
• unbalanced diet;
• bad habits;
• trauma;
• hypothermia;
• wearing high-heeled shoes;
• systematic stress;
• posture disorders.

Symptoms and signs of the disease

At the first stage of the disease, when the dystrophic process is limited to cartilaginous tissue, the symptoms are poorly felt... The mobility of the damaged part of the spine is somewhat reduced, it is possible discomfort at increased loads. As a rule, there is no pain - the nerve fibers are not yet affected, and the cartilage is deprived of its own sensitivity. Over time, the process passes to the vertebrae, bone outgrowths - osteophytes - are formed. Disks degrade, decrease in size. Approached bone elements begin to squeeze adjacent ones blood vessels and nerve fibers. In the lesion focus, the inflammatory process is rapidly developing.

At this stage, the following symptoms progress:

• muscle pain;
• convulsions;
• violation skin sensitivity(tingling, burning, numbness);
• a sharp decrease in mobility.

Protrusion of the intervertebral discs makes these symptoms much more pronounced. In this case, even the slightest movement of the vertebrae close together is capable of provoking a pain syndrome - when walking, coughing, sneezing, transferring body weight from foot to foot.

The features of the symptoms are determined by which nerves and vessels were affected by osteochondrosis. For example, damage to the cervical spine provokes:

• pain:
  • head;
  • in the parietal and occipital regions;
  • in the right hypochondrium;
  • in heart;
  • in the elbows;
  • in the shoulders;
• numbness:
  • hands;
  • shoulders;
  • shoulder blades;
• muscle tension:
  • occipital;
  • swallowing;
  • intercostal;
• other manifestations:
  • hiccups;
  • cough;
  • loss of smell;
  • dizziness.

The pathological process in the thoracic region leads to the appearance of frequent piercing pains in the back, between the ribs, and also in the region of the heart. Lumbar polysegmental osteochondrosis provokes a violation of skin sensitivity and muscle mobility in the lower body. With a significant lesion of the spine, the following are likely:

• severe chronic pain;
• loss of the ability to move independently;
• constipation;
• incontinence;
• violation of tissue nutrition (necrosis, trophic ulcers).

Diagnostics of the polysegmental osteochondrosis

During an external examination, a neuropathologist has the opportunity to study the general condition of the patient's body, joint mobility, localization and strength pain syndrome, sensitivity skin, muscle tone and spasm. In a personal conversation, complaints are recorded, and the probable prerequisites that led to the development of osteochondrosis are determined:

• family diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
• view professional activity and associated loads;
• previous trauma, infection, inflammation of the brain or spinal cord;
• the presence of bad habits;
• nutritional features.

To confirm the diagnosis, determine the area of ​​the lesion, identify probable complications it is necessary to perform hardware research:

When carrying out differential diagnostics, the following can also be used:

• Ultrasound of soft tissues;
• cardiography;
• biochemical analysis blood;
• immunological analysis;
• Analysis of urine;
• taking a puncture and histological examination.

Table: differential diagnosis of polysegmental osteochondrosis

Disease	Differences from osteochondrosis	Diagnostic methods
Ankylosing spondylitis	The nearest joints are inflamed, increased: the content of leukocytes; blood enzyme activity	visual inspection; radiography; blood test.
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract	Probably the appearance of vomiting, diarrhea, belching,. The tissues around the spine are not changed (unlike the affected organ).	Abdominal ultrasound; visual inspection.
Brucellosis	Antibodies to Brucella are present in the blood. The liver and spleen are enlarged.	blood test.
Slow bone development	Growth zones differ from the norm.	radiography
Cardiac ischemia	The pain radiates into left side breasts. Heart rhythm disturbed.	cardiogram; visual inspection.
Meningitis	Symptoms of intoxication are expressed, antibodies to the pathogen are present in the blood (meningococcus, pneumococcus, streptococcus, etc.)	visual inspection; blood test.
Urolithiasis disease	painful urination; seals in the kidneys.	Kidney ultrasound
Spine tumors	severe pain; exhaustion; increased ESR; altered cells are present in the area of ​​the seal.	visual inspection; blood test; histology.
Osteomyelitis	purulent bacteria are present in the puncture; the number of leukocytes in the blood is increased; signs of intoxication are noticeable.	blood test; visual inspection; radiography; puncture; microscopic examination.
Ochronosis	impaired protein metabolism in connective tissue; accumulation of dark pigment in cartilage.	Analysis of urine; visual inspection; radiography.
Postmenopausal osteoporosis	bone substance is sparse	radiography
Tuberculosis	antibodies to Koch's bacillus are detected in the blood; the affected area is small.	radiography; blood test.

Therapy methods

Given the critical role of the spine in protecting the central nervous system, any measures of therapy should be applied exclusively based on the results of examination by the attending physician. Complications if misdiagnosed can be hazardous to the patient's health and life.

Drug treatment

Medicines in the treatment of polysegmental osteochondrosis perform mainly a complementary and supportive role. It goes without saying that a violation of such a dense anatomical structure as the spine can hardly be corrected by simply taking pills - a targeted physical effect is required here.

Nevertheless, the systematic use of some drugs can alleviate the course of the disease and accelerate the patient's rehabilitation. These medicines relate:

• chondroprotectors (Artra, Inoltra, Teraflex) - restore the integrity of the cartilage tissue;
• B vitamins - promote the regeneration of nerve fibers;
• muscle relaxants (Midocalm, Sirdalud) - remove muscle spasm;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen) - affect the area of ​​inflammation;
• diuretics (Veroshpiron, Diacarb, Mannitol) - reduce tissue swelling;
• local anesthetics (Lidocaine, Novocaine) - relieve acute pain.

Drugs used in pathology - gallery

Veroshpiron is an effective diuretic Diclofenac relieves inflammation Lidocaine - local anesthetic that relieves pain Mydocalms relieves muscle spasm Theraflex action is aimed at restoring the integrity of the cartilage tissue

Physiotherapy

The purpose of physiotherapy procedures is to stretch the spinal axis, relieve muscle spasm, improve blood flow and innervation (supply organs and tissues with nerves). They are carried out when the patient is in a supine position on a semi-rigid base. It is in such conditions that the load on the spine is minimal.

To enhance the effect, it is possible to use traction (pulling) structures.

Manual therapy allows you to:

• reverse the process of displacement of the intervertebral discs;
• restore blood circulation in the pinched vessels;
• release pinched nerves.

The greatest effect is achieved with the work of a professional therapist, while inept hands can cause even more harm to the patient.

Exercises of physiotherapy exercises, performed daily, help to increase the mobility of the spine, normalize metabolic processes, and reduce inflammation and swelling.

It should be noted that the use of exercise therapy must be started deliberately - excessive overvoltage for the damaged area is just as dangerous as the absence of therapy.

In the treatment of polysegmental osteochondrosis, hardware methods are used:

• amplipulse therapy - exposure to low currents;
• darsonvalization - therapy with high-frequency electrical impulses;
• laser therapy - the action of low-power light beams;
• magnetic therapy - stimulation of tissues with a magnetic field;
• UHF therapy - therapy with a large electromagnetic field of high frequency;
• phonophoresis - the introduction of drugs using ultrasonic vibrations;
• electrophoresis - drug delivery to soft tissue using an electric current.

For the rehabilitation of the patient, the following can also be used:

• wearing tight corsets;
• mud therapy;
• paraffin applications;
• Spa treatment.

Video: exercises for osteochondrosis of the spine

Surgical intervention

Due to the high risk of complications surgical operations in the spine are undesirable. About 1–3% of patients with osteochondrosis are exposed to them, all others undergo physiotherapy and drug treatment.

Indications for intervention are situations in which the patient's normal vital functions are at risk (severe disc hernia, persistent pain syndrome, loss of control over the limbs, internal organs), as well as if all previous methods of therapy were ineffective.

The main types of operations used for osteochondrosis:

• expansion of the spinal canal - laminotomy;
• removal of the back of the vertebra - laminectomy;
• removal of the intervertebral disc - discectomy;
• intervertebral disc prosthetics;
• expansion of the radicular canal in which the strangulated nerve is located - foraminotomy;
• removal of intervertebral (facet) joints - facetectomy;
• removal of a vertebra - corpectomy;

The recovery period after such operations reaches several months. Throughout its entire course, the patient is contraindicated in strong loads, stresses, breaks in the rehabilitation program.

Diet

Some components must be present in the diet of those suffering from osteochondrosis, as well as those who want to avoid the disease. These substances include:

• minerals;
• proteins;
• vitamins;
• mucopolysaccharides.

Of all the minerals, the most important for recovery bone tissue are calcium and phosphorus... Full sources of both are:

• dairy products (milk, kefir, cheese, cottage cheese, sour cream);
• meat;
• a fish;
• eggs.

In addition, calcium can be obtained by eating:

• figs;
• cabbage;
• carrots;
• nuts;
• salad;
• beets;
• beans;
• lentils.

Magnesium is necessary for calcium received from food to be retained and bind in bones. It is found in large quantities in green parts of plants, sprouted cereals, legumes (peanuts, peas, soybeans, beans), and sea fish.

Manganese is involved in the regulation of bone and ligament growth. The source of this trace element are:

• dairy products;
• bananas;
• nuts;
• egg yolk;
• various legumes.

While minerals are responsible for the strength of growing bones, protein components give them elasticity.

Table: Protein content of various foods

Vitamin A is essential for synthesis structural elements cartilage and bone tissue, phosphorus binding, regulation of growth processes. A large amount of it is found in parsley, spinach, tomatoes, carrots, savoy cabbage, dairy products, eggs.

B vitamins stabilize metabolic processes in tissues, relieve inflammation, and participate in the regeneration of nerve fibers. To obtain them, you must use:

• beef;
• mushrooms;
• yeast;
• green vegetables (broccoli, lettuce, asparagus, green beans, spinach);
• butter;
• milk;
• liver;
• kidneys;
• sprouted grain;
• fish;
• egg yolks.

Vitamin C, which is sourced from fresh fruits, especially citrus fruits, normalizes oxidative reactions in cells, has an anti-inflammatory effect, and enhances immunity. Vitamin D, which regulates calcium and phosphorus binding in bones, is found in:

• sea ​​fish;
• oil;
• eggs.

In addition, it is synthesized by the body when exposed to sunlight.

Mucopolysaccharides, also known as glycosaminoglycans, are complex substances consisting of protein and carbohydrate components. They are the main building blocks of cartilage. A large number of these natural chondroprotectors are found in foods such as jellied fish, fruit jellies, jellied meat.

Photo gallery: foods that should be present in the diet

Legumes are a valuable source of magnesium and protein Greens are an irreplaceable source of vitamins and magnesium Milk is a valuable source of calcium, manganese, B vitamins
The fish contains a large number of important macro- and microelements Aspic is rich in mucopolysaccharides - natural chondroprotectors Citrus fruits contain a large amount of vitamin C Egg yolk contains a huge amount of vital substances

From the daily diet, it is necessary to exclude foods that contribute to the disruption of the water-salt balance, and, as a result, the leaching of calcium from the bones:

• soda;
• hot pepper;
• coffee;
• marinades;
• semi-finished products with preservatives;
• sugar;
• salt.

The main commandments of nutrition should be:

• fractionality;
• low calorie content, contributing to weight loss;
• sufficient water intake.

Folk remedies

As the main means of combating diseases of the spine ethnoscience offers marsh cinquefoil. The tincture, obtained as a result of ten days of infusion of the herb in five times the volume of vodka, can be used both internally (1 tsp three times a day), and as a rubbing. In the first case, the course of treatment is 8 days with the same break, in the second, therapy continues until the patient's condition is relieved.

Help reduce pain and reduce inflammation various ointments applied to the affected area.

Table: folk ointments against osteochondrosis

Name of the ointment	Components	Cooking method
Honey	1 part honey; 1.5 parts of black radish juice; 0.5 parts of quality vodka.	Mix. Warm up slightly in a water bath before application.
Sabelnikovaya	1 tbsp. l. tincture of cinquefoil; 1 tsp tincture of red pepper; 1 tbsp. l. honey; 1 tube of neutral skin cream.	Mix. Keep refrigerated. Warm up on palms before application.
Egg	1 chicken egg; 1 tbsp. l. flour; 100 g butter; 1 tbsp. l. vinegar.	Mix. Leave for 2 days in a cool, dark place. Remove the film formed on the surface. Stir the remainder again.

Treatment prognosis

The timely formulation of the correct diagnosis makes the prognosis of the treatment of polysegmental osteochondrosis generally favorable. Damaged intervertebral discs can be restored, if not to the original, then at least to an acceptable state. This allows you to regain lost flexibility and mobility, get rid of painful sensations when moving, improve the patient's quality of life.

On the other hand, osteochondrosis not cured in time can lead to significant neurological and cardiovascular problems, including:

• fainting and loss of balance;
• violation of visual, auditory, olfactory and gustatory functions;
• headache;
• neuralgia;
• decreased limb mobility;
• paralysis;
• disruption of work internal organs;
• trophic ulcers.

Prophylaxis

To prevent the development of polysegmental osteochondrosis, you need:

• regularly perform gymnastic exercises, especially with a sedentary lifestyle;
• fight excess weight;
• eat a balanced diet;
• with significant physical activity use a special belt, lift the weight with the effort of the legs, not the back;
• control emotional condition, resist stress;
• wear comfortable shoes;
• monitor posture;
• limit the ingestion of nicotine, alcohol, and other toxic substances.

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Each of us has been to the gynecology department at least once in our life and has seen with our own eyes how many personnel are involved. But it should be understood that each individual specialist has his own job task.

The appearance of degenerative processes in several parts of the spine at once is associated with a malnutrition of the intervertebral discs. This can be facilitated by:

• Sleep on a hard or too soft mattress, high or wide pillow.
• Neglecting physical activity.
• Long stay in a sitting position.
• Overweight.
• Lack of vitamins, microelements in the body.
• Regular consumption of alcoholic beverages.
• Smoking.
• Performing work involving excessive stress on the spine.
• Improper carrying or lifting of heavy objects.

Long-term exposure to all these factors leads to a decrease in the elasticity of intervertebral discs, a decrease in their thickness, the occurrence of instability of the vertebrae and the appearance of osteophytes on their bodies. As a result, the load on the spine increases, and: nutrition of the cartilaginous tissue, ligaments is even more disturbed.

If no remedial measures are taken at this stage, cracks appear in the annulus fibrosus. This leads to the formation of protrusions and.

The reasons for the development of polysegmental osteochondrosis can also be: injuries, deformities of the spine, vascular pathology, a predisposition to diseases of the musculoskeletal system, disturbances in work immune system... But most often the provoking factor is a sedentary lifestyle.

Symptoms

The clinical picture in polysegmental osteochondrosis depends on the stage of its development and the localization of degenerative processes.

Destructible spine	Level of damage to the spinal motion segment	Symptoms
	C2- C3	Pain in the back of the head, crown of the head and behind the ear, decreased sensitivity of the skin in this area, blurred speech, impaired sense of smell and vision, weakness of the hyoid muscles.
	C4-C5	Pain in the posterolateral surface of the neck, radiating to the shoulder girdle and to the anterior wall chest(up to the fourth rib), decreased sensitivity in the area of ​​the shoulder blades, shoulders, muscle spasm of the occiput and neck, hiccups ,.
	C5-C7	Stiffness of movements of the neck, shoulders and arms, tingling, numbness of the upper limbs, their fingers.
	C7-T1	Cough
	T2	Pain in the deep muscles of the neck, under the collarbone and in the armpit area
	T3-T8	Shortness of breath, in the region of the heart and stomach, mammary glands (in women), deterioration of the liver, gallbladder, stomach.
	T9-T10	Kidney dysfunction,.
	T11-T12	Pain in the chest, pubic and groin areas, urinary disorders, abnormalities in the functioning of the genitals.
	L1	Pain, decreased sensitivity in the lower abdomen and back, in the ilio-groin region, upset stools (constipation, diarrhea).
	L2	Pain in the upper thigh, groin
	L3-L5	Violation of urination, pain in the knees, lower legs, ankles, tingling, numbness, leg cramps.

With polysegmental cervical osteochondrosis, it is possible that it supplies blood and oxygen to the posterior parts of the brain. The external manifestation of this is:

• Dizziness.
• Impaired concentration.
• Memory impairment.
• Blurred movement.
• Fainting.

Symptoms of polysegmental osteochondrosis appear in the early stages of its development, become more pronounced as it progresses. Lead to a decrease in the patient's ability to work, a deterioration in his psychological state. Increased irritability, tearfulness, anxiety for no apparent reason, and depression are possible.

Polysegmental osteochondrosis of the second and even the first degree is difficult. Therefore, patients with such a diagnosis can be released from the army if: degenerative processes occur in three or more intervertebral discs, there is a persistent pain syndrome. The final decision on assigning the unsuitability category to the conscript is made by the medical board. But complicated polysegmental osteochondrosis, characterized by multiple protrusions or intervertebral discs, the presence of pronounced neurological disorders- an unambiguous indication for exemption from military service.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of polysegmental osteochondrosis is difficult due to the manifestation of a complex of symptoms: they can be mistaken for signs of pathologies of internal organs.

To exclude concomitant diseases, anamnesis and complaints are first collected, then it is recommended to go through a complex diagnostic procedures... It includes:

• Blood and urine tests.
• Ultrasound of the abdominal and pelvic organs.
• Fluorography.
• Electrocardiogram.
• Spine examinations: X-ray, CT or MRI.

If necessary, mammography, discography, myelography, Doppler ultrasonography are additionally performed.

When making a diagnosis, doctors are guided by international classification diseases. If 2 or more spinal motion segments are affected in one or several parts of the spine at once, the presence of polysegmental osteochondrosis is confirmed. According to ICD 10, the disease belongs to deforming dorsopathies, coded as follows: M42. Osteocondritis of the spine.

Treatment

It is selected individually based on the stage of polysegmental osteochondrosis, the severity of its symptoms. But therapy should be comprehensive, aimed at reducing pain, releasing pinched roots, restoring spinal functions and preventing the development of complications.

Methods for the treatment of polysegmental osteochondrosis	Peculiarities
Drug therapy	Includes the use of chondroprotectors, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, vitamins and chondroprotectors, blockades with anesthetics (if necessary).	V acute period the course of the disease, drugs are prescribed in the form of injections, after symptom relief - taking pills, using local remedies.
	Helps relieve pain in any location, relax muscles and speed up recovery. Can be prescribed: electrophoresis, magnetotherapy, UHF, acupuncture, mud therapy, paraffin applications.	Shown after the acute symptoms subside.
	Classic, segmental reflex, point. Reduces pressure on the roots and blood vessels, accelerates blood circulation and flow nutrients to the affected segments of the spine.
	Includes exercises to strengthen the muscles of the neck and back, stretching the spine. Reduces the load on the vertebrae, relieves muscle spasms, normalizes metabolic processes in the tissues of the affected area.

With inefficiency traditional treatment, persistent pain syndrome, which arose against the background of multiple protrusions and large intervertebral hernias, treatment of polysegmental osteochondrosis is surgical. Damaged discs are removed and replaced with prostheses.

Polysegmental osteochondrosis is the most severe form of the disease: it is characterized by pain that manifests itself in several parts of the spine at the same time, disorders in the work of almost all organs and systems. If complications are present, it can cause disability. They can improve the prognosis: timely diagnosis of the disease and timely medical measures taken.

As you can see, polysegmental osteochondrosis of the spine is not as bad as it seems. The main thing is to consult a doctor in a timely manner, pass full examination and follow all treatment recommendations prescribed by your doctor! Cheers!

Cervical,

Why, with the ailment under consideration, is it the spinal nerves that are damaged? It is known that disc dystrophy (intervertebral) and salt deposition in cartilage do not bring any particular discomfort. The maximum is mild pain. The consequences of osteochondrosis are much worse. This attack leads to displacement of the discs, as a result of which there is a narrowing of the openings of the nerves (spinal). Naturally, in this case, infringement and subsequent inflammation of their roots are observed.

• Lumbar and sacral - 5 each;
• We invite you to familiarize yourself with the selection
• Chronic back pain;
• Violation of sensitivity in the area of ​​the shoulder blades and shoulder girdle,
• And, for example, polysegmental osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral region can promise problems with urination due to pinching of the vertebra in the lower body. This is the reason for going to the urologist. Not many people can assume that osteochondrosis is to blame for such a difficulty in coping with a small need. In view of all this, the patient may need to consult with a number of narrow specialists before polysegmental osteochondrosis is diagnosed.

Polysegmental osteochondrosis is a total type of osteochondrosis, in which several parts of the spine are affected at once. Osteochondrosis is a degenerative disease that affects the intervertebral discs and the space around them. Due to the inflammatory process that appears in a particular disc, the destruction of connective and cartilaginous tissue occurs. The vertebrae gradually shift, and the nerve roots are pinched.

Causes of the disease

After exposure to a harmful factor, a metabolic change immediately begins in the intercostal disc. It should be noted that these changes are irreversible. The onset of non-infectious inflammation of the cartilage tissue leads to a change in its physicochemical characteristics.

Rickets;

Osteochondrosis is a severe non-inflammatory disease of the intervertebral discs, which is characterized by the occurrence of dystrophic and degenerative changes in cartilage tissue.

• Chest,
• As already mentioned, the disease in question can affect different parts (and sometimes several at once) of the spine. But it is the lumbar region that is most susceptible to it. Why exactly he? Probably because of its anatomical structure, as well as the list of functions performed.
• Coccygeal - can be represented by 1-3.
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• Intercostal neuralgia;
• Pain in the heart,
• X-ray, echography, tomography, ultrasound are used as diagnostic procedures. These studies are used to detect a specific area of ​​damage and the severity of the disease.
• Polysegmental osteochondrosis is treated much harder than other types of this disease. This is due to the fact that therapy should act on several aspects of the disease at once, and this is not so easy to implement. To draw up a competent treatment and diagnosis, it is necessary to consult a neuropathologist. It is this narrow specialist who must control and coordinate the entire treatment process.
• The altered cartilage tissue begins to deplete and shift, which leads to further infringement of the spinal nerve. The obliterated spinal nerve immediately reacts to a harmful factor with an inflammatory process.
• Violation of mineral metabolism;

This disease is very relevant in our time, because, despite the rapid development of medicine, there is no purposeful prevention of the disease. But thanks to many years of research, it turned out to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.

Pathogenesis and development mechanism

Lumbar.

The lumbar region is the part of the backbone that carries the greatest load compared to other regions. Here you can talk about most of the body weight, which (part) falls on it, and about carrying heavy loads. The structure of the vertebrae is definitely important: in this section they are very massive. At the same time, the cartilaginous layer is rather thin. We shouldn't also forget about physiological lordosis. All of these points create just the same ideal soil for the displacement of the discs. With the subsequent formation of hernias and protrusions.

In view of the fact that the spinal nerves are involved in ensuring the activity of many systems and organs in vast, let's say, anatomical spaces, then we should talk about the variability of polydisorders. In this case, polysegmental osteochondrosis of the spine can affect either one of the mentioned departments, or parts of several at once.

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Symptoms and features of pain

Pains reminiscent of those in cardiac pathologies.

Tension of the muscles of the neck and occiput,

Against the background of osteochondrosis in the blood, the patient may have a significant lack of trace elements and vitamins. To detect this, the doctor will order a biochemical blood test.

Polysegmental osteochondrosis involves the defeat of two or more segments of the spine at the same time. There are cases when all departments are affected at once.

During inflammation of the nerve, neurotransmitters are formed pain such as serotonin, prostaglandins, bradykinins. These substances have a very high biological activity and even in scanty doses lead to the emergence acute pain... Inflammation of the spinal roots in this case is called discogenic radiculitis (radicular syndrome).

Metabolic pathologies;

First you need to understand the classification of the disease. So, there are 5 main forms of osteochondrosis:

Elimination of pain syndrome and treatment

They are often affected by vertebral diseases and require intensive treatment. But such departments as the coccygeal and sacral are small, less problematic and therefore do not attract as much attention.

Signs of a disease of the lumbar spine are as follows:

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In general, thoracic osteochondrosis is less common than cervical or lumbar. It's connected with anatomical structure and the functions of the thoracic spine. Here the vertebrae have a small height, there are relatively many of them, and part of the load is taken by the sternum and ribs. In addition, the mobility in the thoracic region is relatively low.

Symptoms

Difficulty breathing

1. Polysegmental osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine can cause problems and pain in the perineum and nearby organs. This symptom is extremely rare, but still it takes place. In view of this, the doctor may prescribe an ultrasound scan to identify pathologies in the small pelvis, but, in the case of osteochondrosis, pathologies in this area will not be found. It's all about pinching the sciatic nerve and sacrum. The blood flow to the organs of the lower part of the body is significantly impaired, as a result of which pain and numbness appear.
2. This disease has vivid symptoms that should alert the patient when they appear:
3. Polysegmental osteochondrosis has pronounced symptoms. Symptoms will vary depending on the topographic location.
4. Autoimmune diseases;

Cervical spine;

Affected by osteochondrosis, each area of ​​the spine begins to show its own signs, symptoms of the disease. For example, cervical osteochondrosis (cervical spine) causes symptoms such as headaches, blurred vision, dizziness; lumbar osteochondrosis (lumbar spine) lower back pain radiating to the leg; and with thoracic osteochondrosis, at first the disease is asymptomatic, gradually turning into intercostal neuralgia and causing severe pain syndromes.

Diagnostic procedures

Muscle pain;

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Polysegmental osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine is the most common pathology of the back, expressed by attacks of severe pain. They can spread along the sciatic nerve: to the buttocks, thighs, outer surfaces of the legs and feet. Sensitivity is often impaired in these areas. Sometimes disorders of the pelvic organs can occur: difficulty urinating, defecating, incontinence. Between exacerbations, patients are often disturbed by aching chronic pain in the lumbar region.

Pain in the hypochondrium on the right,

These factors lead to malnutrition of cartilage, ligaments of the vertebral segments and their premature aging.

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Pain in the neck, head, shoulders, chest, lower back. The localization of pain depends on the parts of the spine that are damaged.

Pathogenesis of the disease

Polysegmental osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is manifested severe pain in the neck, lower jaw and migraines. Sometimes the pain is so intense that the pathology mimics other diseases. Damage to the cervical spine can lead to difficulty turning the neck. Osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is the rarest form, because this part of the spine takes the most insignificant stress.

Symptoms of the disease

Endocrine pathology;

Symptoms of damage to the cervical vertebrae

Thoracic region;

• In addition, osteochondrosis can affect not one specific area of ​​the spine, but several at the same time: lumbar and thoracic, cervical and thoracic, or all at once. then it is called "polysegmental osteochondrosis of the spine", that is, osteochondrosis of several departments (cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral).
• Pathological tension of the muscles of the legs and lower back;
• Dizziness;

• Usually doctors prescribe conservative therapy polysegmental osteochondrosis. It includes:
• Hiccups.
• With polysegmental osteochondrosis of the spine, the dystrophic process first develops in the intervertebral discs, and only then the rest of the components of the spinal segment are involved in the process. Bony outgrowths - osteophytes appear on the vertebrae. The distance between the vertebral bodies decreases. As a result, there is compression, pinching of the nerve roots and blood vessels. Muscle spasm develops. Inflammation often joins.
• General weakness and dizziness.
• Polysegmental osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine is also called intercostal osteochondrosis and intercostal neuralgia. This is due to the fact that patients subjectively feel pain not in the spine, but in the intercostal spaces.
• Infectious diseases;

Lumbar spine;

• This disease is much more complicated than diseases of one area of ​​the spine. If thoracic, cervical or lumbar osteochondrosis causes specific symptoms characteristic of each of them, then polysegmental osteochondrosis can manifest itself in different ways, with mixed symptoms and in several areas of the spinal column at once.
• Tingling and burning in the areas mentioned above;
• Decreased skin sensitivity;

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Signs of damage to the thoracic region

Drug treatment,

• Polysegmental osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is most often localized in segments C5 to C7. This level of damage is characterized by the following symptoms:
• Features of the clinical picture are determined by the localization of the dystrophic process. Spinal nerves extend from each segment of the spine, which innervate various bodies and fabrics. Therefore, the symptoms will be different.
• Muscle pain.

Spinal nerves thoracic spine are directed along the intercostal spaces to the sternum. In the intercostal spaces, the spinal nerves have a separate name - intercostal nerves.

Manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis

Trauma and surgery;

Treatment of the polysegmental form of osteochondrosis

Sacral department;

• For example, there may be signs of cervical osteochondrosis, headaches, nausea, dizziness, or signs of lumbar osteochondrosis, lower back pain lower limbs, as well as signs characteristic of both the cervical and breast osteochondrosis pain in the heart, chest, headaches. and other mixed symptoms. It all complicates clinical picture diseases, the patient's condition and, of course, the diagnosis of the disease. Indeed, in order to identify polysegmental osteochondrosis, X-ray of one part of the spine is not enough, you have to examine the entire spine of a person. Therefore, do not waste time on self-medication, immediately contact a specialist doctor and start being treated! Remember: the sooner the better!
• Restriction of movement up to complete immobilization.

Drug therapy

Limited ability to move;

Physiotherapy

Exercise therapy

Mobility disorders and pain in the shoulders, elbows and neck;

The first two segments of the neck do not contain intervertebral discs. Segment C2-C3 (2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae) are rarely affected. Infringement of the root of this segment leads to the following symptoms: Migraine and decreased performance. Pain in osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine often mimics pain syndromes in pleurisy, myocardial infarction, rib fracture, pulmonary embolism.

• A sedentary lifestyle, or, conversely, the effect of too strong physical exertion; Polyregional form. As a rule, any osteochondrosis requires long-term treatment, and polysegmental osteochondrosis is no exception. Only in this case, more attention is paid than usual to the rehabilitation period of treatment, which is associated with the specifics of the disease itself with polysegmental lesions of the spine. After all, it is necessary to restore not one vertebral region, but several or all at once.
• Getting rid of the described disease is characterized by laboriousness and duration. As, however, and in all cases associated with damage to the spine. In the course of treatment, dosage forms are used various drugs... They are needed in order to relieve the patient of pain and relieve inflammation. You will also need to take biostimulants and vitamins. Thanks to them, metabolism and increased blood flow are significantly enhanced.
• All kinds of tingling and burning;

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Polysegmental osteochondrosis of the spine

The basic drugs include chondroprotectors: Alflutop, Rumalon, Structum and others. With prolonged and regular use, they contribute to the restoration of the cartilaginous tissue of the intervertebral discs. To eliminate acute manifestations, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used. They relieve pain, swelling, flushing and inflammation. Angioprotectors that restore blood vessels and normalize blood supply vertebral structures also improve the condition of cartilage and ligaments.

• Numbness of hands and palms;
• Violation of sensitivity and soreness in the occiput and crown;
• This is just a list of the main symptoms. They are able to manifest themselves in a complex manner and this seriously knocks the sick person out of the usual rhythm of life. If damaged cervical spine spine, then pre-fainting conditions, turning into fainting, are not excluded.
• Pathologies of the lumbar and sacral regions cause specific pain syndromes - sciatica and lumbago. They are characterized by severe paroxysmal pain, as if the patient was being shot in the back with a pistol from time to time. Sciatica and lumbago in the pathology of the lumbar and sacral spine often mimic pain in acute renal colic, inflammation of appendicitis or peritonitis.

About symptoms

Pregnancy;

By the volume of damage, monosegmental and polysegmental forms of pathology are distinguished.

• As usual, first of all is applied conservative treatment polysegmental osteochondrosis, that is, without surgical intervention... If polysegmental osteochondrosis is in an acute stage of development, then drug treatment is used. Anti-inflammatory drugs of the non-steroidal group, muscle relaxants, pain relievers are prescribed, with the help of which inflammation is relieved. swelling, muscle spasms and, most importantly, severe pain.
• Of course, getting rid of pain and inflammation plays an important role. But it does not eliminate the causes of the occurrence of pathological processes. Therefore, drug treatment is necessarily complemented by physical effects on the spine. They should be understood as a complex of exercise therapy, manual therapy and professional massage.
• Violation of the activity of some internal organs (for example, blood vessels or heart);
• As the name implies, polysegmental osteochondrosis of the spine is a very serious ailment, which is expressed in the simultaneous defeat of several areas of the human spine. There are known cases of extremely severe course of the disease, when there was a total "attack" of all its (spine) segments. Although the term "segment" is not entirely correct to use, since the spinal column, as you know, is divided into several sections (the name is the number of vertebrae):
• Physiotherapy procedures are prescribed in the phase of exacerbation subsiding. Electrophoresis, phonophoresis, shock wave, magnetic and laser therapy... For the purpose of rehabilitation, sanatorium treatment is possible, which, in addition to these procedures, includes mineral baths, mud therapy, paraffin applications, different types traction of the spine.
• Cough (with damage to the C7-Th1 - cervicothoracic segment).
• Weakness and hypotrophy of the hyoid muscles;
• Symptoms of polysegmental osteochondrosis appear already at the first stage of the disease. As the disease progresses, the symptoms intensify, especially for pain. In some cases, the pain reaches such intensity that the doctor has to prescribe serious psychotropic drugs to his patient in order to relieve him of pain, and thereby restore emotional balance.

Lumbar and sacral localization of the lesion occurs more often than others. This is due to the fact that the lumbar and sacral spine take the greatest load.

About the "weak link"

Old age.

This disease is characterized by multiple pathological processes in several intervertebral discs at the same time. This variant of the disease is determined by clearly expressed symptoms, in contrast to the monosegmental form.

After the removal of acute symptoms, the main rehabilitation treatment begins. This technique is aimed at completely stopping the development of the disease, at preventing repeated exacerbations, at improving general condition the patient's health and the adaptation of the body to the disease (unfortunately, osteochondrosis is not completely cured, you have to "learn to live with it"!). Massages, physiotherapy exercises (exercises), gymnastics, physiotherapy are used, which can be prescribed either separately or in combination for more effective treatment... With the help of such procedures, the muscle corset of the back, neck, chest is strengthened, thanks to which the "support" of the spine becomes more reliable and prevents the development of new vertebral diseases.

• The effect of exposure and medication can be enhanced. For this, the doctor prescribes physical procedures for the patient. It can be phonofresis, electrotherapy (UHF) or darsonvalization. The main thing is that each of them is carried out under the strict supervision of a physiotherapist and only during the interictal period of the disease.
• Decreased performance;
• Cervical - 7;
• Therapeutic gymnastics strengthens the muscle frame and relieves excessive stress on the sore spine.

And about treatment

With cervical osteochondrosis, vascular symptoms also occur due to compression of the vessels supplying the brain. Therefore, patients may complain of recurrent dizziness, blurred vision, swallowing, hearing, and frequent headache.

Violation of speech, swallowing;

Diagnostics deserves special attention, which should determine the disease and its severity.

What is polysegmental osteochondrosis and how to treat it?

Polysegmental osteochondrosis of the spine requires targeted etiological treatment... That is, in the case of autoimmune etiology, a course of glucocorticosteroids should be taken. Endocrine dysfunction requires replacement therapy.

What is polysegmental osteochondrosis?

Determining the correct cause of the pathology plays the main role in subsequent treatment and its effectiveness.

• The causes of polysegmental lesions are many. But it is worth noting that such generalized damage is the cause of the effect of some systemic pathogenic factor, and not a point pathology.

• In addition to the named rehabilitation methods, there are other, more modern, innovative methods of treating polysegmental osteochondrosis. For example, manual therapy, traction (traction of the spine), Bubnovsky's kinesitherapy. Today they talk a lot about them, conduct advertising campaigns, but there is no 100% confirmation of their effectiveness and safety. Therefore, do not use these methods without a doctor's prescription, and if you have been prescribed them, then contact an experienced, qualified specialists! Don't risk your health!

• We all know that osteochondrosis is a disease of the spine, that it is manifested by pain in the back, in the neck or in the lower back, but few people will answer the question of what polysegmental osteochondrosis of the spine is, what symptoms are characteristic of it and how to treat it ?! Many people may think "that this disease is rare and that information about it will not be useful." But, unfortunately, more and more more people encounters polysegmental osteochondrosis, not noticing the first signs of its development, and not going to the doctor in a timely manner. Therefore, let's take 5 minutes of our time to study the disease in order to recognize the disease in time, prevent the development of complications and keep ourselves healthy!

Deterioration in general well-being.

Chest - 12;

The main thing in the treatment of osteochondrosis is systematicity and duration.

Symptoms of polysegmental osteochondrosis

The upper thoracic segments are rarely affected. Polysegmental osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine is more common in segments starting from the Th4 vertebra. Symptoms of this form of the disease can be:

If the C3-C4 segment is affected, the following manifestations are observed:

Treatment of polysegmental osteochondrosis

When the symptoms listed above appear, a person should rush to a neurologist. It is worth saying that some specific symptoms can be misleading for both the patient and the doctor. For example, pain in the heart is characteristic of thoracic osteochondrosis, but many who experience it, of course, think not of back disease, but of problems with the heart itself. In view of this, a consultation and examination of a cardiologist may be required.

But the first step is to get rid of neuralgia. This can be achieved with the help of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, among which diclofenac sodium or dicloberl are most commonly used.

As mentioned earlier, the most common cause of polysegmental lesions is systemic pathology. That is why the mechanism of development of the polysegmental form will also be systemic, i.e. simultaneously in several intercostal discs.

So, the main causes of osteochondrosis:

Manual therapy for osteochondrosis

According to medical designations, the human spine is divided into 3 main divisions: