At the first stage of diet therapy, during periods of exacerbation from the diet, exclude high-caliped products (eggs, chickens, honey, citrus, chocolate, etc.), all kinds of meat broths, sharp, salted, pickled products, canned food, smoked, spices, offal. It is impossible to give marmalade, flip, caramel, marshmallow, fruit water, syrups, ice cream due to food additives contained in them. Chewing gums are not allowed!

Limit dishes from semolina, wheat flour, bread, buns, confectionery and pasta; whole milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, butter; Sugar is only up to half of the age norm, salt up to 3-4 g per day.

Approximate menu

Breakfast: Porridge (buckwheat, rice, pearl, oatmeal, corn), cooked on a fruit brave with green fresh apples or pears, meat steam cutlets (Boiled meat), potato or vegetable puree, cheese, kefir, tea without sugar.

Lunch: Vegetarian soup or soup from various vegetables; rice soup, pearl; On the second - meat puree or boiled meat (meat steam cutlets or the same meatballs, booths from boiled meat); on garnish-boiled or vegetable stew (cabbage, potatoes, zucchini, pumpkin), boiled crumbly fig Or buckwheat. On the third - compote from fresh fruits having a green color, just fresh fruit or natural (apple, pear) juice - not canned, and cooked at home!

Afternoon school: fruit, kefir, dry cookies.

Dinner: porridge, meat puree (meat steam cutlets or meatballs, lazy cabbage rolls), potato or vegetable puree, tea without sugar.

Before bedtime: kefir.

Just remember: food should be warm and has a child needed 5-6 times a day.

The minimum duration of a strictly non-charled diet is 3 months. But if the improvement is slow, the doctor lengtheys the term to six or eighteen months.

Against the background of a common non-charled diet with which you now met, built individual diet of the child. "Personal" food allergens are excluded, which revealed to this time (here the food diary is the main assistant and parents, and the doctor, if you start).

Remember how to process products by preparing food for children suffering from food allergies:

Ceres soak B. cold water 10-12 hours to remove possible pesticides;

Potatoes, peeled and fine, leave in cold water for 12-14 hours in cold water to remove part of starch and nitrates;

All other vegetables, also sliced, keep the hour-two before cooking in cold water;

Meat digest twice: Fill it first with cold water, bring to a boil and negotiate 20-30 minutes. Then drain the broth, pour meat hot water and bring to readiness;

Allocate all products, snap, prepare for a couple or bake in the oven.

Video on the topic

Chihanye, cough, tears, rash, headache -This is constant allergy satellites. If the cause of allergies is known - then it is necessary to eliminate it. But most often set this cause is not so simple and allergic can appear on a wide variety of products.

If you felt - then immediately sit on the strictest basic diet. From drinks you can use non-carbonated water and fastening black or green tea. We use those that are very rarely caused by allergies. Consider, the products can be used during this diet:
1. Vegetable and cereal soups (permitted on chicken broth)
2. Oatmeal or buckwheat porridge Without adding with a small amount of salt.
3. Bread products: Gray stale bread, gallery cookies, bagels, crackers.
4. Chicken fillet, chicken breasts, turkey meat.
5. Dairy: Sewage kefir (without), low-fat cottage cheese, light cheese varieties
6. Vegetables: white, color, Brussels cabbage, as well as broccoli (sauer, stew, fresh, boiled), zucchini, parsley greens, dill, stroke beans, cucumber, boiled potatoes
7. Fruits: Green apples (including oven), currant, gooseberry.
I advise this basic diet to observe about 4 weeks. After that, you can enter 1 new product (1 product) and follow as reacting to it. And the main thing is the approxitive attitude with which anything on the shoulder!

What the child eats in the first year of life is of great importance for his health in the future. Take care that your baby gets everything you need for active growth and development.

From birth to 4 months

Up to four months baby is on exclusively breastfeedingFeeding occurs on demand. Drawing is not yet introduced. No dopping by water, children's teasions, should not be juice. The gastrointestinal tract of the child is not yet ready to take any other food, except for maternal milk or replacing its dairy mixture. If it seems to you that the baby does not have enough of your milk, do not rush to sink it with a mixture, try more often to apply a baby to the chest to stimulate lactation. If necessary, you can call the consultant for breastfeeding.

4 - 6 months

If the child is on breastfeeding, the only menu item in its diet should remain maternal milk. With artificial feeding at 5-6 months of life, you can already begin to introduce lures. The enclosure scheme can be considered on the example of a baby that feeds on breast milk, it is only necessary to take into account a little earlier deadline for artificials.

6-7 months

By 6 months, your baby has already formed intestinal microflora, the intestinal peristalistic has improved, chewingly comes to replace the sucking reflex. Thus, the child is already ready to try new products. There are several rules when applying supplies:

In the first morning and the last evening feeding is given only breast milk;
- the new product is introduced into the second feeding, in order to be able to be able to observe the child to the product throughout the day, to start with half a teaspoon and bring to the desired volume during the week;
- the lure is given to breast milk;
- You can only with a spoon;
- The new product is introduced once every 1.5 - 2 weeks.

To choose the first products should be approached carefully. If another 10 years ago, the lore began mainly with apple juiceNow, now, according to the recommendation of the World Health Organization, the first should be administered in the menu kid porridge and vegetable puree. If the baby is badly gaining weight, it is better to start with a porridge, in all other cases, the lure should begin with a vegetable puree. If you first introduced porridge, then after 2-3 weeks you can enter mashed potatoes, and vice versa, if the first baking is a vegetable puree, followed by porridge.

The first cereals should be without milk and without sugar. While eliminating gluten-containing cereals (oatmeal, semolina, barley, pearl, wheat). You can add a little breast milk to porridge. Kids on artificial feeding can be immediately administered dairy porridge.

From seven months in the diet of the kid, you can enter the fruit puree, starting traditionally from the apple, also on the spoon. Kashi can already buy dairy and containing gluten.

8 - 9 months

At this age, egg yolk, cottage cheese, meat should appear in the kid menu. You can add 2 grams of butter in porridge. Finally, fruit juice appears, but at first it is necessary to breed in half with water.

Boiled egg yolk is frozen and mixed with breast milk. Meat independently and grind for puree or take advantage of children canned meat. Add meat little into a vegetable puree. Cottage cheese you can write down in the dairy kitchen or buy in the store in the form of a children's curd.

Now the baby has already appeared the first teeth and you can try to give it an apple. Clean the apple from the casing entirely and give the child. It is impossible to give a small piece, because A child can try to eat it entirely and stir.

10 - 12 months

In the Toddler menu, you can add pasta, bread, baby cookies. He has enough teeth to stop giving rearrangement food, vegetables and meat can cut pieces.

Now the baby has a full-fledged menu, and breast milk becomes no longer a food product, but rather one of the ways to communicate with mom. Nevertheless, it is still useful for the health of the child, so it is not recommended to complete breastfeeding.

Video on the topic

When a pediatrician allows the child to enter the child, he introduces mom with a list of vegetables and fruits that can cause allergies. The list of these pumpkin products does not mean. In most recommendations, it goes as a hypoallergenic product. But occasionally there are alarming messages to mothers that the symptoms of allergy appeared in the babe after the introduction of the pumpkin.

Although for most toddles, the product is harmless, but it will be useful to show caution. This is especially true of children who have already manifested allergic reactions in the form of diathesis or atopic dermatitis.

What is the cause of allergy to pumpkin

It is believed that two factors can cause allergies to pumpkin: the increased content of carotenoids and the F225 protein is an individual pumpkin allergen.

Carotenoids increase immunity, have a beneficial effect on vision, are natural antioxidants, participate in the development of vitamin A. But, accumulating in the body, these two components may be perpetrators of allergies.

The F225 protein is an individual allergen. And if the child has the intolerance to this protein, the body will begin intensively produce antibodies on an alien protein. As a result, the use of pumpkin will cause a typical allergic reaction from the kid: rash, redness of the skin, itching.

Is Pumpkin is always fault

If you gave the child a pumpkin puree from the bank and after that notice the symptoms of allergies, analyze the composition of the components that are included in the product. The reason may be in them.

Pumpkin accumulates chemicals from fertilizers. If the unscrupulous manufacturers were abused by their cultivation, then the concentration may be high. Then the cause of allergies is not in the pumpkin, but in the action of these chemicals. In any case, it must be found out.

To determine the individual intolerance to the f225 pumpkin protein make blood test. It will reveal the presence of antibodies to this protein.

If the manifestations of allergies are insignificant, then at home can also find out whether the pumpkin is guilty. Usually the reaction is manifested for several hours. Noticing the symptoms, remove the pumpkin from the diet. A month later, enter the dishes from the pumpkin again. At the same time, do not use the canine puree. It is advisable to prepare puree from pumpkin on their own, grown without the use of chemical fertilizers. If the symptoms appeared again, then the pumpkin is to blame.

Due to unreasonable fears, you should not deprive the child of this tasty and useful product. You just need to correctly and carefully enter it in lures. There is no need to feed the baby pumpkin daily only because it is very useful. Everything is good.

What to feed a child if he is allergic?

In children, whose parents suffer from allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis), increased the risk of allergy.

Warning measures for the emergence of allergies in a child should be carried out during pregnancy. First of all it is necessary to eliminate the reception medicinal preparations Without the appointment of a doctor, limit the use of household chemicals and cosmetics and comply with a low-pollergenic diet throughout the entire pregnancy and during breastfeeding. After the birth of such children, it is necessary to breastfeed as long as possible, given unique properties Breast milk increase the level of immunological protection of the child and improve the intestinal microflora.

However, even in children on natural feeding from the first days of life can occur skin allergic manifestations. Most often, this is due to intrauterine sensitization of the fetus (increasing sensitivity immune system To any substance as a result of single or repeating "meetings" with this substance) food allergens through the mother's organism, or with allergyization through maternal milk. Relatives of such children, most often mothers, are allergic and gastroenterological diseases.

Skin manifestations of allergies may occur on any food product, and in the case of pronounced sensitization - even on its traces. One of the main allergens causing children early age allergic rashare proteins cow Milk.. The same proteins are also contained in mixtures for artificial feeding created on the basis of cow's milk (all commonly used artificial adapted mixtures). The cow's milk contains about 25 substances that can cause allergies (allergens), including lactoalbumin, casein, bullish and serum albumin. In addition to the increased sensitivity of the child to the proteins of cow's milk, it may have the intolerance of dairy sugar - lactose, which is associated with the absence or low activity of the enzyme - lactase splitting this sugar.

Therefore, in the nutrition of children on blended or artificial feeding, preference should be given to fermented dairy products with a smaller (compared to products based on whole cow's milk) sensitizing activity and stimulating growth normal microflora intestines. This is "Agusha", kefir, bifikifir, Maceni, dairy yogurts (without impurities of fruits or berries).

In children with severe manifestations of atopic dermatitis associated with high honeycomb to the proteins of cow's milk, the cow's milk and products based on it completely exclude. In these cases, the doctor is sacrificed therapeutic mixtures based on soybean proteins or almonds, for example, "Izomil" (USA), Human Sa "(Germany)," Nutrisoy "(Holland)," Frisoya "(Holland). These products are also used when heavy forms lactase insufficiency and allergies to cereals. Some children (1-2%) develop allergies to vegetation proteins of soy. In these cases, children are translated on mixtures containing hydrolyzed (splittered with the help of enzymes) proteins - "frisopep", "alpara", "hipp ha", etc.

In children with allergic manifestations caused by proteins of cow's milk, lures are injected on customized time. Craises for cereals are selected individually. The porridge is prepared on water, on a vegetable or fruit brave, on a soy mix or diluted in 2-3 times milk. To adjust the protein composition of the diet, meat puree is administered to such children. At the same time, double-wired rabbit meat, low-fat pork, less often - turkey or specialized canned foods.

Fruit and berry juices are injected into the diet of children with food allergies later than healthy. It is better if the juices are also diluted with water 2-3 times.

In children with allergic manifestations on the skin, do not introduce or limit cottage cheese, egg yolk, broths, milk, fish.

In children over 12 months, the nutrition of which becomes more diverse, allergic can be called not only by food products, but also contained in food preservatives (sulfite, sorbitol, benzoic acid, propionic acid), synthetic and natural dyes (tetrazine, linoline yellow, azorubin , beta-carotene, red beet dye), as well as flavoring and taste additives (orange and citrus oil, ethylvanine, citric acid). In addition, many roots accumulate mineral and organic fertilizersapplied in their cultivation, which can also cause allergic diseases.

Among the food products, they allocate a group of having high allergizing potential - they are recommended to completely exclude from the diet.

• fatty fish varieties, fish caviar and other marine products;
• sharp, salty, spicy, pended products and seasonings, sauces and spices, pickled and canned products;
• lamb, game, chicken, smoked sausages, delicacies;
• red I. green pepper, carrots, beets, tomatoes, sorrel, eggplants;
• red apples, strawberry, raspberry, sea buckthorn, grapes, persimmon, pomegranates, cherry, all citrus fries, peaches and apricots, all tropical fruits (Kiwi, Feichoa, Mango, Pineapples, etc.);
• fruit and carbonated water, flavored yogurts, chewing gum, marmalade, candy;
• chocolate and chocolate products, cocoa;
• dried fruits: Raisin, Kuraga, Date, fig;
• mushrooms;
• any nuts;
• pasta I. flour products, baked pastry, semolina.

Carefully apply the following products:

• low-fat fish (pike perch, cod, heck);
• yolk eggs
• dairy products, sharp and spicy cheeses;
• sub-products (liver, kidneys);
• color and Brussels cabbage;
• bananas, lingonberries, blueberries, black and red currant, cranberry, watermelon;
• herbs brands;
• bean.

Intolerance to the organism of certain elements present in environment And contacting him, brings a lot of discomfort. An allergic reaction may occur on a variety of stimuli and food, and such states may even threaten their lives. Especially dangerous allergies in childhood - they are manifested bright and sometimes quite difficult to control them. In the framework of the treatment of problems, an important element is special diet nutritionwhich helps the children's body to recover and prevent subsequent cases of intolerance.

What is allergic and why does she occur?

The term "allergy" has very long history. For the first time he was introduced back in 1906, consists of two words of Greek origin: AllOS - other, Ergon - act. Based on this, allergic is an inadequate reaction, certain actions of the body in response to the penetration of certain substances. This reaction is said when the person's immune system reacts rapidly on contact with those substances that themselves do not constitute any threat, in other words this can be called increased sensitivity. Allergic reactions may have a wide variety of manifestations, and some of them can have a direct threat to life.

One of the manifestations of allergies in children - rashes on the skin

The age in which the allergic reaction may appear for the first time, completely depends on its specific type. So, the earliest is considered food intolerance: it occurs even in children until the year at the moment when, in addition to breast milk, the child begins to eat and other products.

Professional specialist. The response to aero allergens is developing much later, it usually occurs at 10 years old, since for the occurrence of hypersensitivity the body needs not only to face an allergen, but also to contact it for a long time.

Types of allergies

There are many allergens that can be combined into groups:

• Food allergies (occur on food).
• Household (reaction is determined by the conditions surrounding the child, that is, the intolerance of home dust, animal wool, etc.) can be discovered.
• Allergies to insect bites.
• Chemical (as a reaction to contact with household chemicals and other synthetic compositions).
• Allergies to plants (their pollen).
• Reaction to medical preparations.

There is a suggestion that allergies can be a problem transmitted by inheritance, since many allergic children have parents suffer from a particular form of intolerance.

Any form of allergic intolerance imposes restrictions on the diet. Undoubtedly, in the food type, the diet problem is an integral element of treatment, but, with other things, this method allows you to increase immunity and minimize the risk of contact with the allergen. Failure to comply with the dietary principles can lead to the formation of a sustainable intolerance to a fairly large group of products, which will bring a lot of discomfort to the child.

Does the diet need?

What an allergic disease would not have a place, a diet for children with such a diagnosis should be clear and strict. This is primarily necessary for the immune system to recover after a rapid reaction, and the burden on the body decreased. The duration of diet and therapy is determined by the complexity and stage of the process. For food allergies The main method is the definition and complete elimination of the product-allergen product, the symptomatic manifestations of the already occurring process can be reduced from the diet.

It is worth noting that often within the diet is eliminated not only by product-allergen, but also other batteries that very often provoke similar organism reactions. It is believed that against the background of the increased activity of the immune system, the intolerance to new products may arise.

Power principles for children with individual intolerance to any component:

• do not force the child to eat if it refuses - overeating is harmful;
• products are better prepared for a couple, cook or stew;
• it is worth avoiding products with big amount sugar or acid;
• the menu must be diverse;
• meat and fish are better not to give the child in one day.

Nutrition Breeding-Allergic: lure, mother's diet

Pring for infants with food allergies is quite difficult to enter. When you start to add to the diet, new products can install a pediatrician depending on the specific situation, but it is not necessary to delay too much, since the baby may be in a state of deficiency of certain elements. Typically, the babies are starting to enter from 5 months, and its goal is not to feed the baby, but to introduce it with new food.

With the introduction of the feeding, it is necessary to adhere to the following rules:

• The new product must be added gradually, for the first acquaintance there will be enough 10 grams, after which you need to follow the condition of the baby throughout the day. If the negative reactions of the body does not occur, then the number is constantly increased and within two weeks bring to the norm recommended according to age.
• If the kid has signs of allergies, it is not worth adding new elements to the diet during this period.
• It is important to write down how many and what product gets a baby, and also how he reacts to it. The results of observations will be used in the preparation of the diet of the child.

Another important aspect - what kind of adhere to choose. Experts recommend starting with porridge without milk or vegetable puree. It is better to choose the gluten-free casual options: if necessary, they can be breastfeeded with breast milk or a mixture that the baby eats. Fruits and dishes from them can only be added after half a year.

The opinion of the doctor: It is worth noting that during pregnancy or feeding the baby, the woman's allergy for the first time manifests itself extremely rarely, often such situations are typical for patients who have already had such a problem earlier. Some forms allergic reaction Mother may have dangerous for the fetus, so doctors need to be monitored this question and appoint preventive activities.

If an infant is allergic, it is not necessary to abandon breastfeeding, it is necessary to continue, that's just my mother in this case, it is worth making your nutrition hypoallergenic. Such a diet for nursing women involves the complete exception of products with high risk of allergy development (chocolate, seafood, nuts), with an extractive substance content (radish, meat broths, onions, etc.), as well as those positions on which they or children have intolerance.

Food of children older than a year

When a child is powered by independently, there is a need to competently compile his diet, because despite allergies, it should receive all the necessary useful substances.

The main ban on food allergies falls on specific products-allergens, as well as all the dishes in which they are included as ingredients.

The following products are considered potential allergens:

• most seafood;
• milk products;
• citrus;
• canned;
• goods with lots of food additives in the composition;
• beekeeping products.

Photo gallery forbidden products

Sweets and other products with the addition of dyes and food additives

These products are additionally limited in the diet of the child, in order not to provoke a new allergies, but this prohibition is not constant and strict. Simply with the use of the listed food by the child, the allergic need to closely monitor its condition, the number of consumed should also be limited. Such restrictions are precautionary measure.

The allergy child is allowed to give such products:

• rabbit meat, turkey, lambs and lean pork;
• porridge and legumes (buckwheat, oatmeal, risk, peas, trickle beans);
• diet loaf or bran bread;
• cucumbers, cabbage, zucchini, potatoes, green onions, parsley and dill;
• olive or linen oil;
• green Fruit I. white color without peel (apples, pears);
• from drinks are allowed green and white tea, water without gas and compotes cooked on the resolved fruits and berries.

Photo gallery of permitted products

Add to dishes to add olive oil

Several simple and interesting recipes

It may seem that the kid's diet is strongly limited due to prohibitions, but it is only at first glance. In fact, from the allowed products you can prepare a lot of interesting dishes. Consider some simple recipes.

Vegetable soup - an indispensable element of the child's dietary

Ingredients:

• onions red;
• celery stem;
• zucchini;
• carrot;
• sunflower oil;
• tomatoes;
• broth vegetable or meat;
• salt and pepper to taste.

Cooking:

1. Onions, celery, zucchini and carrots finely chop.
2. In the pan pour sunflower oil, cutting slightly.
3. After adding chopped vegetables and cook for about 5 minutes - to the half-preparation of vegetables.
4. Add tomatoes and broth.
5. Bring to boil and prepare for 15 minutes.
6. Add salt and pepper to taste.

Ingredients:

• meat - 200-250 g;
• soy cheese, cucumbers;
• bulgarian pepper;
• parsley;
• olive oil.

Cooking:

1. Pre-boiled meat is cut into small cubes.
2. Other crushed ingredients are added to it: a bit of soy cheese, a couple of cucumbers, Bulgarian pepper and parsley.
3. Make such a salad is best olive oil.
4. Salted a little.

Zucchini pancakes

Fritters from zucchini will bring additional benefits by improving digestion

Ingredients:

• zucchini;
• quail eggs - 2 pcs;
• flour - 1 tbsp. l.;
• salt;
• vegetable oil.

Cooking:

1. In the blender grind the purified and washed zucchini (you can simply rub it on the grater),
2. Quail eggs, flour and slight salt add to it.
3. Prepare such pancakes best for a couple. But you can just fry.

Muffins - Safe Baking

Allergy - not the reason to deprive the child dessert

Ingredients:

• flour - 200 g;
• sugar - 150 g;
• cocoa - 2 h.;
• bustyer - 2 h.;
• water - 150 ml;
• vegetable oil - 3 tbsp. l ..

Cooking:

1. Mix flour, sugar, cocoa, baking powder.
2. Add water and oil. Mix everything thoroughly.
3. Pour the finished dough in the form for baking. Bake at a temperature of 200 degrees for 15 minutes.

You can cook and banana options for muffins - for this you need to add a banana puree to the dough.

Recipes Madfins are suitable only if the child has no allergies to the main ingredients - cocoa or bananas.

Table: Approximate menu for children

				Snack 1.	Snack 2.
	Rice porridge I. green tea, Green apple	Vegetable Soup, meatballs for a pair and vegetable puree	Boiled meat with vegetable garnish and fruit drink	Baked apple	Fruit salad
	Oatmeal with pumpkin and tea	Zucchini fritters, steam cutlets and soup soup	Potato casserole (can be highly with soy cheese)	Dietary cookie	Permitted fruits and berries
	Omelet with vegetables and kissel	Rice soup stewing stew with vegetables and meat	Buckwheat with vegetable salad		Vegetable salad

Adjusting diet

A strict diet in food allergies in a child is not constant, its content can vary depending on the period in which the process is:

• During the exacerbation, in addition to directly allergen, the broths are meat and fish, all is sharp, salty, fried food, smoking. Sugar, salt, milk and its derivatives, flour products are limited. Usually this stage does not last longer than half of the month.
• When the main manifestations of the reaction subscribe, the exception affects only products with a high risk of developing intolerance, and this period can last and for several months.
• And finally, when remission comes, you can gradually return to the diet potentially dangerous products, but in small amounts and constantly controlling the condition of the child.

If there are other types of allergies, the diet holds up to the disappearance of the symptoms of the reaction. Sometimes there is a need to leave the main restrictions in order to prevent.

Video: Why food allergies occurs - Dr. Komarovsky

Compliance with the diet with an allergy from a child is a very important task, because such a measure not only helps to restore children's organismBut also minimizes the risk of new types of food allergies in the future.

No matter how sad, but with a diagnosis of "Allergy", almost each of us faces at least once in life. The reason for the occurrence of allergic reactions in young children is most often becoming food. Today we will talk about how to feed the child with allergies, consider possible options Diets, find out which products should be feared and how to reduce their degree of allegence by means of special processing.

Than feeding the child during allergies it is impossible: potential enemies

The cause of children's allergies can be a variety of products. Making up a menu for an allergy child, consider that by the ability to cause unfavorable immune reaction The organism can be divided into three categories:

1. Products C. high levels allegers: eggs, fish and seafood, caviar, meat broths, rye, wheat, pepper, tomatoes, carrots, mushrooms, strawberries, strawberries, kiwi, pineapple, citrus, persimmon, melon, pomegranate, honey, nuts, coffee, cocoa and chocolate ;
2. Medium allergy products: whole milk and dairy products, beef, chicken, legumes, rice, buckwheat, beets, potatoes, bananas, peaches, apricots, cherry, cranberries, rosehip, black currant, lingonberry;
3. Products with low allergenicity: fermented milk products, rampers, turkey, lean pork and lamb, horse, cabbage (color, white, broccoli), zucchini, cucumbers, patissons, corn, millet, pearl cereals, apples and pears of green varieties, white and Red currant, garden greens.

At the same time, true allergies in which certain foods are contraindicated with children, the phenomenon is quite rare. Most often unwanted reactions Defended by immaturity or impaired functioning of the digestive tract, pass over time and do not require compliance with hard diets.

Choose a diet for a child allergy

The decision on how to feed the child during allergies, accepts an allergist or nutritionist. The power mode must be selected taking into account the age of a small patient and to ensure the timely arrival of the substances needed by the growing organism. Depending on the goals pursued, the following types of diets are distinguished:

• Hypoallergenic diet. In this case, absolutely all products with a high level of allergenicity are excluded from the diet of the child, as well as sharp seasonings and pickles that increase the permeability of the intestinal mucous membrane. Instead of meat broths, vegetable beams are recommended; Fried vegetables and meat are replaced with boiled or steam. The hypoallergenic menu for children involves the presence of products that have a mitigating and enveloping effect, which prevents the penetration of allergens into the bloodstream (rice, oatmeal). It is advisable to abandon all semi-finished products containing nutritional supplements: not even possessing sensitizing activity, they are capable of leading allergy-like symptoms. As for fluid, its use is limited only in allergic reactions occurring with edema;
• Eliminate diet. The task of this type of power is to identify which products cause immune conflict. An eliminational diet is compiled based on a non-specific hypoallergenic menu for children. For two weeks, those products that are with the greatest probability may cause allergies are excluded from the child's diet. For the state of the baby, who complies with the elimination diet, must be carefully followed. If everything is in order, after the specified period, previously excluded products begin to return in the menu to find out what exactly causes a pathological response. When the source of allergies is detected, the child is an individual power mode;
• Alternating diet. If we are talking about food allergies, the fact of the presence of allergens is decisive, and their number. By choosing an alternating type of food for a child with allergies, you can give it all kinds of products without fearing the symptoms of increased sensitivity to them. What's the secret? The kid's diet should be planned in such a way that high-caloric food falls on its table no more than once every three days. For example, if the child suffers from allergies to gluten, you can make a menu for breakfast as follows: the first day - wheat porridge, the day is the second - rice porridge, the day is a buckwheat porridge. This is what the full cycle looks. On the fourth day, Karapuzu can again be offered wheat porridge or bun. However, this power scheme is not suitable for everyone: if the child's allergy is manifested in acute form (The reaction occurs immediately after eating), the provoking product must be completely excluded from the diet.

Than feeding a child with allergies: small tricks

Even knowing what is the root of all the troubles, draw up a menu for a child allergy is quite difficult. Fortunately, some features of culinary processing of products come to the rescue, allowing to reduce their allergenic properties:

1. To remove starch and nitrates from potatoes, it is finely cut and soaked in cold water for 12-14 hours;
2. Vegetables and cereals before cooking is also recommended to soak in water for several hours. This allows you to get rid of the nadogymicates used in the cultivation of crops;
3. The first broth from meat leaves extractive substances, as well as pesticides, hormones and salts of heavy metals, so it must be merged;
4. Fruits and vegetables are the least dangerous in terms of allergenicity in boiled or baked form;
5. As a sweetener, the fructose should be used instead of sugar. Sweets are not allergens, however, can provoke exacerbation of allergic manifestations;
6. The diet of the child with allergies should not be poor to fats. Special emphasis should be done on creamy and vegetable oils: they are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins that contribute to skin regeneration. Animal fats (pork, barbells, beef) It is advisable to avoid.

No matter how sad, but with the concept of "allergy" almost every person faces at least once in his life. Among the allergic reactions in children of early age (from 0 to 3 years), the leading place is occupied by food allergies. What to feed the child prone to allergies, do the features of the introduction of lures in this case? And can food processing reduce the allergenicity of products?

Tatyana Maximychev
Pediatrician, employee of the departure of children and adolescents of the Russian Medical Academy Postgraduate Education

Allergies (translated from the Greek Allos - other, ERGON - action) call the reaction of the immune system to any substance, the food product that performs the role of allergen. Usually, allergic reactions occur shortly after eating the product to which there is an increased sensitivity, but sometimes allergies are and delayed (slow), manifesting only a few hours after the eaten. As a rule, food allergies is manifested by lesions of the skin: a variety of rash, excessive dryness or, on the contrary, wetting, redness of the skin, itching. Such food allergies are customary called "diathesis", which can further grow into atopic (allergy) dermatitis. Other allergic manifestations are violations by the organs of the digestive tract: intestinal colic, tightening or vomiting, abdominal pain, increased gas formation With bloating, constipation or liquid stool. In children with this pathology, the intestinal dysbiosis is often observed. Much less often in food allergy suffering the respiratory system (allergic congestion of nasal strokes, difficulty breathing). And also possible combined manifestations of allergies: skin lesions and respiratory system, leak skin and gastrointestinal tract. The risk factors of the development of allergic reactions in children can be: hereditary predisposition, especially in the presence of allergic reactions in the mother or both parents, a bad environmental situation, tobacocuria of parents. There are a certain risk of developing food allergies in children who have undergone intrauterine hypoxia (lack of oxygen), as well as born from mothers with chronic diseases hearts and lungs; from mothers who have undergone infectious diseases During pregnancy, and receiving antibiotics. Food allergies can develop from the first days or months of the child's life. Its appearance is due to the imperfect functions of the digestive tract (reduced activity of enzymes and protective proteins of blood - antibodies, increased permeability of the intestinal mucous membrane, disorder of intestinal microflora) transferred to intestinal infections. The occurrence of allergic reactions is often associated with the inadequate nutrition of the mother during pregnancy and during breastfeeding (excessive consumption of solid cow milk, dairy products, high-caliped products, which will be discussed below), with the early translation of the child to artificial feeding with non-adaptive mixtures or solid milk and With the early administration of dust. Also the cause of food allergies can be the usual rearls of the child. With regular overeating, allergic reactions may even occur on those types of products that have recently been fine with the baby.In addition, the earlier acquaintance of the baby with high-caligenic products, for example, with chocolate, can lead to the development of food allergies. Due to the above age features The gastrointestinal tract of kids, not fully split proteins are absorbed into the bloodstream. Their "debris" launch a chain of allergic reactions, which leads to the release of histamine - biologically active substance that causes the extension of vessels, tissue edema, itching.

Main allergens

Almost any product may be the cause of the development of allergic reactions. By the ability to cause these reactions food products They are divided into three groups. First groupproducts with a high degree of risk of developing allergic reactions (allergenity) : Eggs, Fish, Any Meat Broths, Seafood, Caviar, Wheat, Rye, Strawberry, Strawberries, Pepper, Tomatoes, Carrots, Citrus, Kiwi, Pineapple, Melon, Person, Grenades, Cocoa, Nuts, Honey, Mushrooms, Chocolate, Coffee . Second group -products with an average degree of allergenicity : whole milk, dairy products, chicken meat, beef, rice, oats, peas, buckwheat, soybean, beans, beets, potatoes, sugar, bananas, peaches, apricots, cherries, rosehip, cranberries, lingonberry, black currant. And the third group includeslow allergenic products: equiply milk products, rabbit meat, horse, lean pork, turkey, lean lamb, color and white cabbage, broccoli, zucchini, patissons, cucumbers, corn, millet, barley, green varieties of pears and apples, garden greenery, white and red currant.Cow's milk The main allergen that causes the development of food allergies in children of the first year of life is a cow's milk, which contains protein components - casein, albumin, lactoglobulin, lactoalbumin acting in the role of antigens. Therefore, the early translation of children on mixed and artificial feeding using dairy mixes increases the risk of developing allergies. But it happens that the babies on breastfeeding arises allergic to the proteins of cow's milk, and this is due to the excessive use of the mother of dairy products during the lactation period. Efficiency products contain proteins with low allergenity, so in some cases they can be used in the nutrition of children with allergies to whole milk.Egg white High-caloric product is protein chicken egg, as well as eggs of other bird species. The allergenic properties of egg yolk are less expressed to a lesser extent than protein. Often the intolerance to the chicken egg proteins is combined with intolerance of chicken meat and broth.Grass and legumes Among the cereal products, wheat and rye are the most allergenic, to a lesser extent, rice, oats, buckwheat, not containing gluten. It was previously believed that allergies to the bean, especially for SEE, is relatively rare, however, in last years There is a significant increase in food allergies to this product, due to a significant increase in the consumption of soybeans in the nutrition of children in the form of substitutes of milk and dairy products, additives in sausage and confectionery.Fish and seafood The highest percentage of allergic reactions is observed when used in the diet of child fish and seafood. Fish allergens are practically not destroyed with culinary processing. It is believed that allergies to the sea fish occur more often than to river, however, the body of the child allergy is usually reacting to all types of fish.Nutritional supplements The frequent occurrence of allergic reactions is noted when using foods enriched with food additives - dyes, flavors, emulsifiers, preservatives, taste additives. These include "adults" yogurts and fruit juices, soups and porridge fast cooking, chewing, carbonated drinks, sauces, etc.Cross allergy In the development of polyvalent (multiple) food allergies great importance Have so-called cross reactions between different allergens. For example, with the intolerance of milk there is a reaction to sour cream, cottage cheese, cream, butter, sausages, sausages, beef. In case of intolerance of chicken meat, it is better to exclude chicken broth and duck meat. If there is intolerance of strawberries, a reaction to raspberries, currants, blackberry, strawberries, lingonberries are possible. When allergic to apples is a cross reaction with a pear, quince, and in carrots - with parsley. When allergized to kefir, a reaction is possible and on yeast dough, kvass, effervescent drinks, antibiotics (penicillins). When reacting to apples, peaches, pears - the reaction to the birch pollen, alder, wormwood, with allergies to grapes - the reaction to the pollen of the Swan, etc.

Diet pattern

Early children (from 0 to 3 years) An important link in the treatment of allergic reactions is dietherapy. In children only on breastfeeding, suffering from the intolerance to the proteins of cow's milk, it is necessary to correct the diet of the mother, for this there are specially designed hypoallergenic (low-allergenic) diets that are appointed mothers for the entire period of breastfeeding. The kids, which are on mixed or artificial feeding with manifestations of food allergies, require the correction of breast milk substitutes (translation into adapted milk milk, soy mixtures, mixtures based on goat milk, partially or completely hydrolyzed (with split proteins) of the mixture). This correction holds an exclusively attending pediatrician or nutritionist.

Diet nursing mom

During breastfeeding female should not be used products, with a high risk of developing allergic reactions.With caution and in small quantities, you can use fruits and vegetables orange and red (red apples, bell peppers, tomatoes, etc.). The base of the table should be the first and cereal dishes, meat and fish dishes, fermented milk products. Meat and fish are recommended to use in the liver, stew and boiled form. When an allergic reaction is detected, the crumbs on any product, it should be refused primarily.

First Prikorm Allergic children are prescribed a little later (about 1 month) than healthy children, taking into account individual tolerance. The first lure is recommended in the form of a vegetable puree. If healthy children are first supplied to introduce from 6 months, then kids with food allergies -from 7 months . It can be a puree from zucchini, colored, blonde, brussels cabbage, light-colored pumpkin, patissons and other vegetables green and white painting. Vegetables in the puree are injected alternately, each new view for 3-5 days, gradually bringing to full volume. First, the child gives monocomponent (consisting of one product) mashed potatoes, and then gradually expand the range. Vegetable purees are prepared independently of fresh or frozen vegetables, and you can use special canned vegetables for baby food.Second Prikorm approached approximatelyfrom 8 months in the form of silent and, preferably, gluten-free porridge - buckwheat, corn, rice. Porridge is prepared on water or from a specialized mixture. If you prepare a porridge yourself, it is necessary to add a small amount of vegetable or foam oil (5-10 g). When choosing a focus of industrial production, preference should be given to the sceneous gluten-free porridge, which are additionally enriched with vitamins, minerals, iron and do not require cooking (information about the composition of porridge can be read on the package).Third Prikorm in the form of meat puree introduced with8.5-9 months . In case of intolerance to the proteins of cow's milk, allergies are possible and proteins of beef, therefore, it is recommended to use lean pork, horseback, rabbit meat, turkey or lamb as feeding. Start introduction meat Prikorma With monocomponent mashed potatoes, carefully tracking the reaction to new varieties of meat. Fruit dishes are prescribed taking into account individual tolerancefrom 10 months , or later. The fruits used should not have a bright color, preference is given to green apples. Gradually, paying attention to the skin reaction, on the consistency of the chair, bananas, pears, yellow currants and plums are introduced. The duration of silent food in children with allergies to proteins of cow milk can be from 4 to 12 months or more. The expansion of their diet occurs due to the introduction equal milk products (After the execution of one year), which have a smaller allergenity compared to milk. First, kefir is introduced, then under the control of the child's condition, try to introduce dairy cereals and cottage cheese.

Protein and yolk chicken eggs, as well as fish are completely excluded from the diet of children with food allergies at least until the end of the first year of life. It is more advantageous to replace with quail eggs.

How to reduce allergenicity of products?

There are certain features of culinary processing when cooking dishes. hypoallergenic dietaimed at reducing their allergenic properties.

• Thus, potatoes are recommended to chop finely and pushed out in cold water for 12-14 hours, which contributes to the maximum removal of starch and nitrates from it (you need to periodically merge and change water).
• To remove from the cereals of possible pesticides (used in the cultivation of cereal plants), it is soaked in cold water for 1-2 hours.
• When cooking meat at least once linged broth for full removal harmful substances (for example, hormones, drugs that were treated by the animal).
• All food is prepared for a couple, stewed, baked or boiled.
• Raming and baking fruit reduces their allergenicity.

In organizing the nutrition of a child with food allergies, it is necessary to eliminate the product or products that caused an allergic reaction. In order to reveal this product, parents are recommended to conduct a special diary, with a list of all products received by the child during the day. Separately, every new product (hour and quantity), the time of appearance and the nature of reactions to it - rash, itching, redness of the skin, chair disorder, etc. The new product should be given to a child in small quantities (1-2 hours l.) Morning clock so that you can observe the development of an allergic reaction. In the absence of a reaction, you can increase the amount of product through the day, and within 3-5 days it is to bring it to the resulting age norm. If there is allergies to the product, it is excluded from the child's diet for a period that for each case is established by a pediatrician or a nutritionist individually. Food mode and daily meals must comply with age standards taking into account individual indicators physical development Child. Carbohydrates that are rich for flour products, sweets not only can be direct allergens, but also often enhance the manifestations of food allergies to other products, so their number in the diet is recommended to limit. The amount of vegetable fats should be increased by 25% with respect to animal fat, since the first are the source of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids that contribute to a more rapid restoration of damaged skin sections and enhance the protective functions of the body.Children older than 3 years For older children in the event of food allergies, more stringent restrictions in the diet are needed, since their diet is much wider than that of kids up to 3 years, and the failure for a long time from some types of products does not appease food value menu. In this case, step-by-step diet therapy is recommended, especially important in acute period Diseases.First step - This is an appointment for 1-2 weeks, the so-called nonspecific hypoallergenic diet - an exception from the diet of all potential allergens. Against the background of such a diet, an allergological examination of a child is carried out, aimed at identifying the "guilty" product - allergen, by setting allergic samples or detecting allergens in the blood. High allergenia products are excluded, food additives, dishes irritating the gastrointestinal mucosa (broth, sharp, salt, pickled, fried, smoked dishes, spices). Limited dairy products, salt, sugar, some cereals, flour products. Onthe second stage for each child, an individual diet is compiled, taking into account the identified allergens. They are excluded from the diet before the appearance of the resistivity (lack external signs) Diseases, as a rule, for 1-3 months. Onthird stage, if signs of allergies disappeared or explicitly decreased, the child's diet is gradually expanding, introducing "prohibited" products and dishes (explicitly allergens are still completely excluded). Products are introduced one by one, starting with small doses (up to 10 grams per day), in the morning, controlling the well-being of the child, condition skin Pokrov, temperature reaction, chair, recording the results in the food diary. If the use of a new product in the increasing dose for several days is not accompanied by negative reactions, the next, previously prohibited product is introduced into the diet of the child with the same caution.