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LLC "Expert and Consulting Center" EUREKA "
Ensuring the availability of buildings, structures and services
for people with limited mobility
Asylgaraeva E.N., Gutman L.B.
Ensuring the availability of buildings, structures and services for people with limited mobility:
The guidelines consider the main directions of ensuring the availability of buildings, structures and services for people with limited mobility; on the organization of transport and information accessibility of transport and transport infrastructure; staff training (including ethics of communication with people with disabilities). General recommendations are given on the methodology for inspecting facilities and services for compliance with accessibility requirements for people with limited mobility.
It is intended for specialists and experts working in the areas of design, construction and assessment of public buildings and structures for compliance with accessibility requirements for people with limited mobility; administrative and technical staff of facilities providing services for people with disabilities; employees of social protection bodies, employees of transport, engineering and architectural profiles, representatives of public organizations of disabled people, as well as everyone who is interested in creating a barrier-free environment for people with disabilities.
© LLC "Expert and Consulting Center" Evrika "
© Asylgaraeva E.N., Gutman LB, 201 Contents Introduction
1 Barrier-free environment: basic concepts, main directions and principles of organization 4 2 Accessibility of transport and pedestrian infrastructure
2.1 Arrival at the site
2.1.1 Accessible public transport
2.1.2 Car parks and pick-up / drop-off areas
2.1.3 Special services for accompanying people with disabilities
2.2 Pedestrian paths on the site
3.1 Building entrance
3.2 Internal paths of movement
3.3 Sanitary facilities
3.3.1 Dressing rooms
3.3.2 Bathrooms
3.3.3 Showers and washbasin areas
3.4 Visitor service areas
3.4.1 Receptions of the administrator / catering establishments, ticket offices, cloakrooms ............... 20 3.4.2 Catering establishments
3.4.3 Recreational areas
3.5 Seats for spectators with disabilities in the auditoriums and stands
4 Ensuring accessibility of places of residence for people with disabilities
5 The main directions of creating an accessible information environment
5.1 Media system ………………………………………………………………. 27 5.1.1 Information signs and indications:
5.1.2 Printed communication materials
5.1.3 Internet resources
5.2 Technical means of providing information for people with sensory impairments during mass events
6 Facility management in the field of ensuring accessibility for MGN
7 Staff training
7.2 Methods and forms of training
7.3 Ethics in dealing with people with disabilities
8 Monitoring the level of accessibility of facilities and services for people with disabilities ............... 36
8.1 Organization of the survey process
8.1.1 Object of examination
8.1.2 Forming a working group
8.1.3 Toolbox
8.1.4 Recording examination results
8.2 Survey report
Definitions
Appendix 1 Ten general rules of etiquette drawn up by people with disabilities ... 46 Appendix 2 List of useful literature and sites
Bibliography
Introduction In May 2012, the Russian Federation ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Since 2011, Russia has been implementing the state program "Accessible Environment", the goal of which is to create conditions by 2015 to ensure equal access for people with disabilities to the physical environment, to transport, to information and communication, as well as facilities and services provided to the population.
The guidelines consider the main directions of ensuring the accessibility of facilities and services for people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups of the population (hereinafter - MGN); methods of controlling the level of availability of objects and services; the best examples of the implementation of the principles of "universal design" in the design, construction and operation of buildings and structures are given; the main directions of training the personnel of the facility in the provision of services to people with disabilities
The purpose of these guidelines is to raise awareness of the administrative, technical and maintenance personnel of facilities, workers of social protection agencies, representatives of public organizations of people with disabilities, engineers and architects about advanced developments in the design of accessible structures;
providing a more complete understanding of the fundamental requirements in the field of accessibility of facilities and services for people with limited mobility.
1 Barrier-free environment: basic concepts, basic directions and principles of organization Over the past decades, stable trends and mechanisms for the formation of social policy in relation to people with disabilities have developed in the world. Positive changes in legislation and policy regarding people with disabilities at the national and international levels have fundamentally changed the previously existing approaches to solving the problems of people with disabilities and other people with limited mobility.
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1 People with limited mobility include people with disabilities (with damage to the musculoskeletal system, visual impairment, hearing impairment, impaired intelligence), as well as elderly people, pregnant women, children, and other categories of people with limited mobility. These also include people with strollers, small children, people with heavy loads, etc.
The concept of disability as a medical problem and the need for charity, which was widespread in the 19th - first half of the 20th century, was gradually replaced by a system of views that was more consistent with the social model of disability, firmly based on the need to ensure equality of human rights. In contrast to the “medical” model, which defines disability as a health disorder, within the framework of the social model of understanding disability, it is postulated that:
the cause of disability is not the disease itself, as such;
the cause of disability is the barriers around a person (physical, organizational and “attitudinal” barriers existing in society, erected on stereotypes and prejudices).
These barriers are primarily:
Negative attitudes towards people with disabilities;
Common language concepts that discriminate against people with disabilities;
Institutional barriers that sharply reduce the opportunities for inclusion in public life, work activities of people with disabilities;
Architectural, transport and information barriers that impede the ability to travel, communicate, work, study, and leisure.
The ultimate goal of social policy, today, is the social integration of people with disabilities, i.e. their active participation in the main directions of the life of society, their involvement in social structures associated with various spheres of human life - education, culture, sports, healthcare, social activities.
International agreements and national legislation have formed the conditions under which the fullest development of the abilities of citizens with disabilities and their maximum integration into society is possible. Creation of an accessible environment for people with disabilities is an integral part of the welfare state policy, the practical results of which are aimed at providing them with equal opportunities with other citizens in all spheres of society; the criterion for assessing such a policy is the accessibility of the living environment for people with disabilities, including housing, transport and transport infrastructure, education, workplaces, cultural and educational, physical culture, sports and entertainment facilities, information and communication means.
The term “accessible environment” is mentioned in many regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, and in different sources has different interpretations. In a broad sense, an accessible environment is a set of conditions and requirements, first of all, to the urban environment created by a person (architectural design, transport and engineering infrastructure) and the information environment, which make it possible to move freely and obtain the necessary information, i.e. it is a normal living environment, equipped to meet the needs of a disability and enabling people with disabilities to lead a fulfilling life.
The term “barrier-free environment”, introduced in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, means ensuring not only an accessible physical environment for people with disabilities, but also the right to work, health care, education, sports and, in general, full participation in public life.
Creating a barrier-free environment in order to facilitate the integration of people with disabilities into society implies the elimination of the following barriers:
Physical or material (steps, thresholds, narrow doors and passages, lack of elevators and lifts, inaccessible toilets, etc.);
Informational (lack of alternative forms of providing information, etc.);
Operating rooms (illogical and inconvenient procedures for working with people with disabilities, lack of escort services, personnel trained in the rules of working with people with disabilities, etc.);
Relational or communication (stereotypes, ignorance of etiquette in dealing with people with disabilities, misunderstanding of disability, etc.).
The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities introduces a new term “universal design”, which refers to the design of items, environments, programs and services to make them as usable as possible for all people without the need for adaptation or special design.
The basic principles of universal design are equality, respect for the characteristics of all people, functionality. Thus, a universal environment, i.e. An environment designed and built in accordance with the principles of universal design allows all people, including people with disabilities, to use the surrounding space regardless of any help. In addition, the aging of the planet's population and the increase in the number of people with disabilities also make the principles of universal design very relevant in the modern world, including in the design and construction of sports and recreation facilities.
British standard BS 8300: 2009 defines a structure as accessible if people with disabilities can freely enter it; carry out the necessary activities in it independently, or with the help of an accompanying person; and also if they can leave the premises in the event of an emergency.
In general, when considering the use of any part of the structure by people with disabilities, the following questions should be asked:
How will they find the object?
How will they get to him?
How will they use the services provided?
How will they leave the facility in the event of an emergency?
Any visitor to the facility, regardless of whether he belongs to the MGN category (including people with disabilities) or not, uses the following main functional areas and spaces:
Parking, pick-up / drop-off area;
Pedestrian paths of movement in the adjacent territory;
Entrance to a building / structure;
Internal paths of movement;
Service delivery areas (maintenance);
Public catering enterprises;
Sanitary facilities (restrooms, showers, dressing rooms);
Evacuation routes.
2 Accessibility of transport and pedestrian infrastructure
2.1 Arrival at the site
People with disabilities can arrive at a sports facility in a variety of ways:
By private car,
By minibus,
By taxi,
By public transport,
On a bike
On a wheelchair or electric scooter,
2.1.1 Accessible public transport According to Art. 15 of the Federal Law No. 181-FZ “enterprises, institutions and organizations providing transport services to the population provide equipment with special devices for railway stations, airports and other facilities, allowing disabled people to use their services without hindrance. Organizations providing transport services to the population provide the equipment of the specified means with special devices and devices in order to create conditions for disabled people for the unimpeded use of these means ”.
Accessible transport is a critical aspect of creating an inclusive urban environment. Ideally, all types of public urban transport should form an interconnected network connecting the various available facilities and create a so-called “continuous chain of available facilities” or “universal accessible transport system”, in which the principles of accessibility are built in from the outset, and not offered as solutions in the process the occurrence of adaptation problems.
If necessary, the public transport scheme on the day of the sporting event can be changed to ensure smooth and convenient embarkation / disembarkation of people with disabilities on public transport vehicles.
Buses and trolleybuses Requirements for buses, trolleybuses and stopping points are set out in GOST R 51090-97, GOST R 50844-95, GOST R 51261-99, GOST 25869-90, GOST R 51671-2000, etc.
Low floor (lowered frame), which allows it to fit closely to the edge of the sidewalk;
Suspension with the ability to change the ground clearance from one or all sides to match the level of the sidewalk;
At least one available door. The door width should be at least 90 cm. It is recommended to provide two accessible doors connected by an internal passageway at least 80 cm wide;
A ramp lowered from the bus to the sidewalk automatically or manually. The width of the ramp is not less than 80 cm, the slope is not more than 8%, the surface is anti-slip;
Marking the accessible entrance to the bus interior with the appropriate international accessibility signs;
A designated area for people in wheelchairs should be equipped with a “request to stop” button;
Handrails in the doors of trolley buses must be made of insulating material or have mechanically strong insulation, the resistance value of which is at least 1 megohm with a contact surface of 1 dm2;
Handrails of lifting devices for boarding people with disabilities in trolleybuses must have an insulating cover;
The information message should be carried out by means of audio and visual information;
Available route markers and vehicle traffic patterns, etc.
Photo 1 - Examples of accessible public transport
Protection from adverse weather conditions;
Rest seat equipped with back support and handrails;
Adequate lighting level.
The height of the curb must match the height of the low-floor vehicle;
The presence of a curb ramp;
The width of the path of movement is not less than 1520 mm. The accessible path of movement should not be cluttered with obstacles (garbage cans, information boards, etc.);
The width of the landing / disembarkation area is at least 1800 mm
Also, in accordance with the requirements of the IPC Guidelines for accessibility along the length of the embarkation / disembarkation zone, tactile ground warning signs should be equipped2.
2 To date, this requirement has not been established in Russian regulatory documents. Railway rolling stock. Metro. Trams Requirements for railway rolling stock are stated in GOST R 50958-96, GOST R 50957-96, GOST 30796-2001, GOST R 51261-99, GOST 25869-90, GOST R 51671-2000, etc.
At least two places for passengers in wheelchairs.
Places for accommodating people on wheelchairs should be equipped with handrails at a height of 900-1100 mm from the floor level, vertical handrails at the doors, wheelchair fastening devices, folding or stationary seats.
Door width at least 900 mm.
Ramp or lifting device (with a platform of at least 1400x900 mm). Loading time should be no more than 2 minutes.
Handrails in tram doors must be made of insulating material or have mechanically strong insulation, the resistance value of which is at least 1 megohm at a contact surface of 1 dm2;
Handrails of lifting devices for boarding disabled people in trams must have an insulating cover;
Cars should be equipped with visual information devices that duplicate audio information.
Places should be provided for placing route maps and other information in relief equipment for the blind.
The information message should be carried out by means of audio and visual information;
Available route markers and vehicle traffic patterns, etc.
Photo 2 - An example of the equipment of a subway station (London 2012)
Primary requirements:
Rear or side access to allow the passenger in a wheelchair to remain in it during the trip;
Front passenger seat, which can be rotated towards the user to facilitate boarding the vehicle;
Sufficient headroom to accommodate passengers in wheelchairs;
Correct ratio between wheelchair and standard seating so that accompanying persons can sit side by side.
In addition to equipping transport and transport infrastructure with special devices, it is necessary to train personnel in the rules of working with people with disabilities, using special equipment / devices and procedures for servicing people with disabilities (see clause 6).
2.1.2 Parking lots and embarkation / disembarkation areas Ensure that road access is clearly marked, well lit and has directional signs:
To the parking lot, especially special parking spaces;
To the zone of embarkation / disembarkation from transport;
To the main entrance to the facility.
Special parking spaces Requirements for special parking spaces are set out in SP 59.13330.2012 (p. 3.12), SP 113.13330.2011.
Considering that many people with disabilities arrive at the facility by car, it is necessary to ensure that there are special parking spaces with accessible paths from the parking lot to the entrance to the facility.
Provide at least 10% of special parking spaces for the transport of people with disabilities;
Special parking spaces must have ground markings and are marked both on the surface of the parking space and with a vertical sign. It is necessary to provide information signs of the location of special parking spaces at the entrance from the carriageway;
Develop a procedure and set up a management / monitoring system to ensure that the designated parking spaces for people with disabilities are used only by those visitors to the facility who are eligible;
Special parking spaces should be located as close as possible to the entrance to the facility. If the pedestrian path from special parking spaces to the entrance is open, then the distance to the entrance should not exceed 50 m; it can be increased up to a maximum of 100 m if the pedestrian path is equipped with a shelter from adverse weather conditions;
The surface of the special parking spaces must be smooth and level. Unbound pavement materials such as gravel are unacceptable;
Exit from special parking spaces must be equipped with curb ramps located in the immediate vicinity of them. Requirements for curb ramps are set out in SP 59.13330.2012;
Voice control elements of the barrier should be duplicated by alternative means for people with hearing and speech impairments.
Pick-up / drop-off areas from public transport It is necessary to provide a pick-up / drop off area from public transport. Ideally, this location should be protected from inclement weather and close to the main entrance. You need to pay attention to the following points:
The embarkation / disembarkation area must be long enough to accommodate loading from the rear of the vehicle;
For smaller structures, where it may not be practical to set up a landing site at the main entrance, the distance between the nearest landing site and the sports facility should not exceed 50 m, unless the pedestrian path to the entrance has shelter from adverse weather conditions.
Photo 3 - An example of the arrangement of the embarkation / disembarkation zone from transport (London 2012)
2.1.3 Special services for accompanying people with disabilities At a number of facilities (for example, at train stations, airports, at facilities that occupy a large area; in the case of large sports and cultural events, etc.), it is recommended to organize a service for accompanying people with disabilities and providing them with special services. The tasks of this service include: meeting people with disabilities in parking lots, the nearest public transport stops or at the entrance to the site; escorting them through congestions of large groups of visitors to the place of service.
Photo 4 - Meeting by volunteers of visitors with disabilities and accompanying them to their accommodation in the stands (Vancouver-2010)
2.2 Pedestrian traffic paths on the site To ensure the convenient and safe movement of all visitors to the sports facility, including people with limited mobility, from the place of arrival at the facility to the entrance, great attention should be paid to the planning and equipment of pedestrian traffic routes (including external stairs and ramps).
Figure 2 - Characteristics of the slopes of the ramps
Requirements for external traffic routes are set out in SP 59.13330.2012 (pp 4.1-4.3), SP 35-101-20013 (Part 1, pp 3.1-3.8 and 3.10-3.20).
All pedestrian traffic paths should be marked with information signs of the direction of movement, including sound and tactile ones, in order to help people with hearing and vision impairments navigate.
When planning and organizing pedestrian paths in the adjacent territory, it is recommended to pay special attention to the following points:
Along the route, it is necessary to provide landmarks to help find the way;
Traffic routes for transport should be clearly distinguished from pedestrian routes (achieved by using materials of various textures and colors);
Improvement elements and small architectural forms (lanterns, rubbish bins, flowerpots, benches, etc.) should not be on the road;
The height of the free space above the footpaths (under trees, awnings, brackets, etc.) must be at least 2.1 m;
In all places where a smooth change in the level of height along the path of movement occurs
3 Currently, SP 35-101-2001, SP 35-102-2001, SP 35-103-2001, SP 35-104-2001, etc. are being updated.
more than to a height equivalent to the height of one step, an alternative way to overcome the height difference with the help of steps should be provided, because many people find it much easier to overcome a short flight of stairs than a ramp;
Pavement materials should be carefully selected. They can have different sound or tactile characteristics. When used properly, these characteristics, as well as the color scheme of the coating, help people with visual impairments to determine their location along the route. With indiscriminate handling of the characteristics of the coating, it is possible not only to complicate orientation for people with visual impairments, but also to create a threat to them;
Where pedestrian paths intersect with cycle paths, warning and guidance elements should be provided for the blind and visually impaired. Make sure that there are no obstacles or hazardous obstacles on the way to the crossing points (for example, guard rails);
The carefully planned arrangement of green spaces helps people with visual impairments to orientate in space using their color and smell, and in some cases becomes key landmarks for people with visual impairments. Make sure that plants do not hang low over footpaths;
On pedestrian paths located on a flat surface, it is necessary to provide places for rest at a distance of no more than 50 m from each other for people with disabilities of the musculoskeletal system.
Photo 5 - Example of equipment for footpaths
3 Architectural (physical) accessibility of the facility
3.1 Entrance to the building The entrance to the building must clearly stand out against the background of its facade. The highlight of the entrance should be maintained with color, lighting and signage / signage.
The building should be designed in such a way as to make the entrance as visible as possible and the structure attractive to everyone.
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The requirements for entering the building are set out in SP 59.13330.2012 (clause 5.1), SP 35-101-2001 (Part 1, clauses 4.1-4.8).
In addition, the following recommendations must be taken into account:
The entrance should be equipped with a level platform directly in front of the entrance door in order to make the entrance accessible to people in wheelchairs;
The entrance should be universally accessible to everyone. You should not create a separate entrance for different groups of visitors;
The location of the entrance doors should be logically combined with the direction of the approach path to the building;
If the installation of a metal detector frame is provided at the entrance, it is necessary to provide an alternative path of movement located outside the frame, because, firstly, not all wheelchairs pass in width into the standard metal detector frame; secondly, it makes no sense to check a visitor moving in a wheelchair using a frame metal detector and anyway, if necessary, will be carried out using manual means of inspection; thirdly, there are a number of categories of visitors (for example, people with implanted pacemakers) who are prohibited from walking through the metal detector frame;
In the case of using drainage and dirt collecting grids with longitudinal holes, they should be positioned so that the holes are oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel, because, otherwise, interference may be created for the movement of people in wheelchairs;
The layout and size of the sports facility entrance lobby should allow a visitor in a wheelchair to push either a sports wheelchair or a daytime wheelchair in front of him;
To prevent moisture from entering the building on visitors' shoes / wheelchair wheels, a recessed cleaning surface / mat should be provided in the entrance lobby. In this case, the mat should not create a risk of tripping over it.
Do not use coconut fiber rugs or similar materials.
If turnstiles are installed, a gate must be provided so that wheelchair access can be arranged. The wicket must be equipped with an electric drive. If the turnstiles can be operated by the visitors themselves, for example, using a club card or other passes, then it should be possible to control any "access gate";
Photo 7 - Access turnstiles (AquaCity Poprad, Slovakia)
The elevator, staircase and payphone must be clearly visible and close to the reception. If it is impossible to place these elements within the line of sight, then their location should be indicated by information signs;
Acoustic conditions in the check-in area should facilitate a clear understanding of speech, especially when communicating with the staff at the check-in counter. It is important that in the registration area, hard reflective surfaces such as glass are acoustically balanced with softer sound absorbing surfaces such as ceilings, carpets and curtains.
3.2 Internal traffic routes Internal traffic routes are divided into horizontal, vertical and escape routes.
Requirements for internal and evacuation routes are set out in SP 59.13330.2012 (clause 5.2), SP 35-101-2001 (Part 1, pp 4.4-4.20).
Also, when organizing traffic paths in a building, one should take into account the requirements for their individual elements:
Requirements for stairs and ramps are set out in SP 59.13330.2012 (pp 5.2.9 - 5.2.16), SP 35-101-2001 (Part 1, pp 4.4-4.20 and Part 2, 2.19-2.25) ;
Requirements for elevators, lifting platforms and escalators are set out in SP 59.13330.2012 (clauses 5.2.17 - 5.2.22), SP 35-101-2001 (Part 1, clause 6.2 and Part 2, 2.26-2.30), Technical regulations on the safety of elevators, GOST R 53770-2010, etc.
The color of the surface of the ramp should visually differ from the color of the horizontal platform, so that visually impaired visitors are aware of the approach to the inclined part of the ramp;
All ramps must have a firmly fixed anti-slip surface;
The safety forging of each step of the stairs must differ in color and brightness from the step adjacent to it and have anti-slip properties;
Photo 8 - Examples of contrasting marking of the edge of the steps of stairs
It is important that the handrail is within reach before the person starts going up or down stairs or ramps. To do this, the handrails must horizontally extend beyond the beginning and end of the flight of stairs or ramp by at least 0.3 m.
If there are columns, supports or other obstacles on the routes of visitors' movement, they must be marked and / or fenced;
Photo 9 - Examples of fencing and / or contrasting column marking
Corridors should be clear of obstacles located on traffic routes.
For example, fire extinguishers, radiators, etc., should not protrude within the overall width of the corridor, so as not to endanger children, visitors in wheelchairs or visually impaired;
The corners at the joints of the walls in places where the direction changes or when corridors are connected, if possible, should be made beveled or rounded;
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If possible, small changes in floor level within the same floor should be avoided. However, where this measure cannot be practically implemented, all ramps and steps must be properly designed;
Avoid the use of shiny polished materials, which can create glare and reflections and adversely affect the safety of moving up the stairs;
Make sure that open under-ladder spaces are either free of hazardous elements that could cause injury or are fenced off;
The color of the handrail should be different from the color of the adjacent surfaces and be of sufficient contrast to them so that it can be easily seen by people with visual impairments;
All handrails must be securely fastened;
Photo 11 - An example of equipping wide stairs with additional handrails
The number of doors in the building should be kept to a minimum. doors make it difficult to move inside the building for most people with disabilities and other MGNs (for example, people with large bags). Doors can be heavy or inconvenient to use if they are not designed and manufactured in violation of regulatory requirements;
Double-leaf doors must have at least one leaf, the width of which ensures the free passage of a person in a wheelchair without the need to open the second leaf;
All doors must be located in such a way that a free space of at least 0.3 m is provided against the wall from the side of the door opening towards itself (from the side of the latch);
In order to avoid collisions of people on opposite sides of the doors, it is recommended to equip the door leaves with transparent inserts that provide an opportunity to see adults, children or people in wheelchairs on the other side of the door;
Photo 12 - Examples of door equipment with transparent inserts
Transparent doors can be dangerous for blind and visually impaired people. Transparent door panels should be clearly marked using contrasting markers: stripes, yellow circles or colored logos, etc. They should also be different from any adjacent elements made of transparent materials;
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It is important that visually impaired people can easily identify the door. The easiest and most effective way to achieve this goal is to contrast the color of the door in relation to the adjacent surfaces;
Photo 14 - Examples of contrasting designation of the surface of the door and doorway in relation to the color of the adjacent surfaces (London 2012)
In large facilities and where a large number of wheelchair users are expected, consideration should be given to installing automatic interior doors, doors with touch control, or controlled by conveniently located panels (buttons);
If you need to install a door latch or lock rather than a striker to keep the door closed, a lever-type door handle should be used. The use of round doorknobs should be avoided because they are difficult to operate for people with impaired hand functions;
The color of the door handles should contrast with the color of the door surface;
Do not use "emergency door openers that require breaking glass to activate", because they will be an obstacle for people with disabilities;
If a minimum size elevator car is used, consideration should be given to installing an elevator car with two-way door opening so that you can enter and exit without turning. Otherwise, it is necessary to place a mirror on the rear wall of the elevator car so that a visitor on a wheelchair can see the space behind him, leaving the elevator car;
The elevator car should be equipped with sound and visual indication of floors, as well as opening / closing doors;
The buttons on the elevator car control panel should be clearly distinguishable, easy to operate and accessible to visitors in wheelchairs. The buttons should be equipped with tactile symbols;
Inside the elevator car, the control panel should be located on the side wall;
It is extremely important to ensure accurate leveling of the elevator car floor with each floor level;
The emergency communication system in the elevator car should include inductive communication elements to assist visitors with hearing aids.
Photo 15 - An example of the designation and equipment of an elevator car available for MGN (London)
1. If it is not possible to install a passenger elevator in an existing structure, while:
Wheelchair users rarely visit the facility;
The structure is small, in these cases it is possible to install vertical lifts to move between levels.
2. Also, this kind of lifts will be especially useful when adapting existing structures that have a significant difference in height levels or a small space, but to ensure the accessibility of which it is necessary to organize a large number of ramps. However, it must be borne in mind that lifts have a limited platform area and therefore can only accommodate one person on a wheelchair. Therefore, they are not suitable for use in structures with a large number of visitors in wheelchairs.
3. It should also be borne in mind that an inclined staircase is not an acceptable means of providing accessibility at any site. In addition, it can be dangerous when placed on escape routes.
Escape routes Requirements for escape routes are set out in the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements, SP 59.13330.2012 (clauses 5.2.23 - 5.2.34). Below are some recommendations for ensuring the accessibility of escape routes.
Photo 16 - Examples of equipment for evacuation routes and designation of safe zones4 (London) Procedures and routes for the evacuation of people with disabilities need to be carefully considered already in the early stages of facility design. A safe and successful evacuation depends on a number of factors:
Facility management system functioning;
Object layout;
Building structures.
The evacuation procedures developed should allow every visitor to the facility to reach a safe area protected from fire and smoke, no matter what floor of the building a person is on. If a building has advising architectural characteristics, then many people with disabilities will be able to leave on their own. However, sometimes people with disabilities may take longer to evacuate than most visitors. Therefore, it is imperative that they be given the opportunity to use the safest route of escape from the building.
The evacuation strategy should be based on a risk assessment and ensure the following:
Each part of the building has a safe emergency evacuation facility.
Each escape route is available to all people in the building, including people with disabilities where applicable.
Evacuation plans need to detail the steps to be taken by the building management to evacuate all visitors, including people with disabilities:
Measures should be provided to inform people of where to get help if needed;
All emergency exits on the ground floor must have a flat surface or be equipped with a ramp;
In buildings where there are seats for spectators, it is necessary to provide means of evacuation for spectators with disabilities.
The design should include the creation of safe areas along the escape routes, for example next to stairwells or an escape lift. Safe areas are places where people can wait a short time before leaving the building permanently or waiting for help.
The evacuation lift must meet at least the following requirements:
Be a passenger lift that is always available for evacuation purposes.
Comply with the requirements of the current regulatory documents;
Have an independent source of power supply and control;
Have an appropriate information sign;
4 Safe area - an area in which people are protected from the effects of dangerous fire factors or in which there are no fire hazards
Positioned to be associated with a safe area or escape staircase;
Located in a fireproof shaft, have secure elevator lobbies on each floor and a direct escape route to the outside at the exit level;
The facility should provide an alarm system with the ability to duplicate information for people with sensory impairments.
Facility personnel should be trained on how to evacuate people with disabilities in the event of an emergency.
3.3 Sanitary facilities 3.3.1 Dressing rooms Requirements for dressing rooms in sports and fitness facilities are set out in SP 59.13330.2012 (clauses 7.5.15-7.5.20), SP 35-103-2001 (clause 6 of the Table 5.1).
In places where wheelchair sports are infrequent, it is advisable to make some of the locker benches collapsible to temporarily provide additional space for wheelchair athletes to move around;
In sports facilities, “buffer” dressing rooms are usually provided in order to provide a place to change clothes during the peak periods. Well designed for accessibility, “buffer” dressing rooms can be used as changing areas for people with disabilities (if these areas are not required for general dressing);
Locks and lockers should have clear embossed numbers that can be read both visually and tactilely.
3.3.2 Bathrooms Requirements for sanitary facilities are set out in SP 59.13330.2012 (p. 5.3), SP 35-103-2001 (p. 6 of Table 5.1).
Below are the requirements for the available toilet stalls specified in the Guide
IPC by availability:
The doors of accessible toilet cubicles should be equipped with easily movable latches, designed for people with impaired motor functions of the hands, and, if necessary, closed automatically. The opening force of such latches should not exceed 20 N. All fittings used to open the door must have a color contrasting with the door surface.
The use of twist locks on toilet cubicle doors is not permitted, as such locks require good motor skills to use unless they are equipped with flanged handles. Sliding locks or bolts are available to all visitors.
The height of the toilet seat should be 450mm +/- 10mm from the sub-floor mark.
The toilet should be equipped with a lid, which should be fixed in position with a deviation of 10-15 from the vertical and which can be used as a back support.
If there is no lid or cistern, a back support should be provided.
Photo 17 - Examples of Accessible Toilet Equipment (London 2012)
The tank lid must be securely attached.
Toilets shall be equipped with L-shaped handrails, consisting of a horizontal and vertical element 750 mm long, installed with a horizontal element 230 mm above the toilet seat so that the vertical element is 150 mm in front of the seat.
Toilet paper dispensers should be located so that they are easily accessible from a sitting position. It is recommended to install them at a height (approximately) 50-100mm below the midpoint of the side rail, but not below 600mm above the floor level. Dispensers should be of a color that contrasts with the color of the wall surface.
In addition, open roll-type dispensers should be installed in areas designated for persons with disabilities, as they require minimal motor skills to use them.
3.3.3 Showers and washbasin areas:
Washbasins intended for use by people with disabilities should be fitted with a table or a shelf next to them.
Paper towel dispensers should be easy to use. With many types of dispensers, visitors need to grasp the towel with both hands, squeeze it firmly, and pull it down. For a significant proportion of people with disabilities, this is either impossible or difficult. Dispensers should be operated with a comfortable, ergonomic lever or equipped with automatic paper feed. At the same time, they must be installed in such a way that easy access from the sink is provided.
Waste bins and other obstructions should not block access to the paper towel dispensers.
It is recommended to use non-contact automatic taps, especially in toilets intended for both sexes. The minimum requirement is to install a single valve with lever handle and thermostat. The use of taps with separate control for hot and cold water is not allowed.
All cranes must be equipped with lever handles to ensure that they can be used by people with hand motility problems.
A shower area for people with disabilities should be located at the same level as the adjacent space and equipped with a floor drain.
Shower trays, thresholds are not allowed.
The accessible shower area must be equipped with a portable or wall-mounted folding seat located at a height of no more than 480 mm from the base of the shower floor, the center of which should be located 500 mm from the adjacent wall. The seat must be at least 480 mm deep and 850 mm long and must be capable of carrying a minimum load of 1.33 kN, be waterproof and easy to clean.
A hand shower should be provided with an attachment point located at a height that is accessible from a sitting position. The shower hose must be at least 1500 mm long.
Soap dishes or soap trays should be positioned so that they are easily accessible from a sitting position.
The shower area must be equipped with handrails measuring at least 750mm x 900mm, installed horizontally so that the centerline of the handrail is 850mm above the floor of the shower enclosure, and the 750mm side is along the wall on which the seat is located. It is also recommended to provide a wheelchair for use in showers.
Photo 18 - Example of shower room equipment (Vancouver 2010)
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To obtain and systematize information about institutions and organizations that provide the population with basic social services (including special, rehabilitation) - in order to objectively assess their state of availability in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory documents, as well as to determine reasonable organizational and technical solutions on adaptation of facilities and ensuring the availability of services for people with disabilities and other MGN (taking into account their needs), the following technology is proposed for assessing the state of accessibility of social infrastructure facilities and services in priority spheres of life.
The assessment technology was developed on the basis of an analysis of the system of regulatory documents in construction (Appendix E).
According to the Federal Law of 30.12.2009 No. 384-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures" (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations), buildings and structures of any purpose, as well as the associated processes of design, construction (reconstruction, overhaul), installation , operation (all stages of the life cycle of a building) must meet safety requirements for users, including the requirements for the accessibility of buildings and structures for people with disabilities and other groups of the population with limited mobility (clause 6, clause 6, article 3). According to clause 7. Article 30 of the said Technical Regulations, “the accessibility of buildings and structures for people with disabilities and other groups of the population with limited mobility must ensure:
1) their accessibility to places of visit and the ease of movement inside buildings and structures;
2) safety of traffic routes (including evacuation ones), as well as places of residence, places of service and places of employment of these population groups. "
Ensuring the requirements of this Technical Regulation is carried out through the approval of the list of national standards and sets of rules for mandatory execution both in the process of construction, reconstruction, major and current repairs, and in the process of operation. Moreover, the safety of buildings and structures during operation should be ensured through maintenance, periodic inspections and control checks and (or) monitoring the condition of the foundation, building structures and engineering support systems, as well as through ongoing repairs of the building and structure (clause 1 of Art. .36). Assessment of the conformity of buildings and structures to the specified requirements should be carried out by periodically certifying the compliance of the characteristics of the building or structure in use with the requirements of the Technical Regulations and project documentation to confirm the further operation of the building or structure; Article 40 establishes the rules for mandatory assessment during operation in the following forms:
a) operational control (which is carried out by the person responsible for the operation of the building, structure);
b) state control (supervision) carried out by authorized federal executive bodies, executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
To ensure state control (supervision) over the implementation of the requirements of the Technical Regulations during their operation in terms of fulfilling the requirements for the accessibility of buildings and structures for disabled people and other MGN at the level of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the performance of these functions should be entrusted to the authorized body in the field of state construction supervision and technical expertise. ... Based on the results of control (examination with inspection of buildings and structures), information on the fulfillment of regulatory safety requirements (as a necessary condition for accessibility) for persons with disabilities and MGN should be reflected in the conclusion based on the results of control (examination), possibly in the technical passport of the building, structure. These documents (conclusion, act of technical expertise, technical passport) can serve as real, professionally and legally justified, confirmation of technical safety (as an obligatory element of the quality of work and services) for the consumer from suppliers (owners or owners of social infrastructure facilities). These documents (if any) in the procedure for the certification of social infrastructure and services should be taken as a basis when making a decision on the compliance of a building or structure with the requirements of regulatory documents in the field of construction (in fact, the requirements of the Technical Regulations) in terms of ensuring accessibility for disabled people and other MGN , as well as to objectify the decision on the possibility and scope of adaptive measures in the form of repair and construction works.
The technical regulations (Article 41) also provide for the possibility of voluntary conformity assessment of buildings and structures in the form of non-state expertise, including by examining buildings and structures. The supplier can apply not only to the state control (supervision) body, but also on a voluntary basis, to another (duly accredited) organization for obtaining an opinion on the technical safety and accessibility of a building, facilities for disabled people and other MGN. Conclusions on the part of accredited organizations on the state of accessibility of OSI for disabled people can also be taken for accounting in the order of certification of objects and services.
It is important to note that article 42 (subparagraph 1 of paragraph 1) of the Technical Regulations emphasizes that the requirements described in it do not apply (up to reconstruction or repair) to buildings and structures put into operation before such requirements come into force. And paragraph 2 of this article notes that building codes and regulations approved before the entry into force of this Technical Regulation (06/30/2010) are recognized as codes of practice (that is, documents containing recommended provisions have the meaning). In this regard, decisions on the state of accessibility of buildings and structures put into operation earlier than the indicated dates can be based on the provisions of SNiP only to objectify the assessment of the availability of individual structural and planning elements and determine measures for their adaptation in terms of the needs of various categories of disabled people. In such cases, according to Article 15 of the Federal Law "On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation", when existing facilities cannot be fully adapted to the needs of persons with disabilities, the owners of these facilities must, in agreement with public associations of persons with disabilities, take measures to ensure that the minimum needs of persons with disabilities are met. In this regard, based on the results of assessing the state of accessibility in the process of certification, adaptation solutions may be proposed that do not fully meet the requirements of SNiP: both technical (including the use of technical means of rehabilitation) and organizational solutions (with a different format for providing services : at home, remotely, with the participation of an assistant) - with the approval of this, alternative, form of organizing accessibility with consumers (in this case, with their representatives) - public organizations of disabled people.
The technology for assessing the state of accessibility and classification of OSI and services for the development and adoption of managerial decisions on organizing the necessary adaptation measures is based on versions of the following components for assessing the availability of OSI adapted to the professional knowledge, skills and abilities of social workers:
- the main structural and functional elements of buildings and structures;
- parameters, criteria and an algorithm for assessing their accessibility, including taking into account special requirements for various categories of disabled people;
- classifier OSI according to the state of accessibility for people with disabilities and other MGN: a technology for a comprehensive assessment and determination of the necessary adaptation measures.
4.1 Basic structural and functional elements of buildings and structures; their importance in assessing the availability of social infrastructure facilities
To organize the certification of the state of accessibility of the OSI and services, determine the need to adapt the OSI and carry out a set of measures to ensure the availability of services for the disabled, the main object of registration is the object of social infrastructure.
An object of social infrastructure (OSI) is an organization or part of it (structural unit or branch), which is a provider of certain social services (one or more), occupying a certain real estate object (a building entirely or part of it) with an adjoining site (if available and fixed for the organization).
Principal characteristics of the AXIS:
- the presence of a real estate object (or part of it),
- the status of a provider of social services (several social services).
One organization (or institution) can occupy one real estate object in whole or in part, as well as several real estate objects. And, on the contrary, one or several OSIs (as well as one or more organizations, institutions) can be located on one property. For the convenience of perception and assessment of the relationship "social infrastructure object - real estate object - organization (institution)", Figure 4 schematically shows the relationship between these concepts and their variants.
As you can see from the diagram, OSI can occupy a building or structure:
1) completely: it can be one of the buildings, structures that are under the jurisdiction (in operational management, owned) by an institution, an organization (option 1 in Figure 4); in this case, one organization has several IOs, and each of the real estate objects (each building) is considered as an independent IO with its own characteristics (including the range of services provided to the population), independent results of assessing accessibility and the necessary adaptation measures;
2) completely - the only building at the institution (option 2 in Figure 4); in this case, the concepts "OSI - building - institution" completely coincide;
3) partially: part of a building or structure (one floor or several floors, or only a few rooms in a building, on a site adjacent to the building); OSI in this case is a part of a building occupied by a specific institution.
If the OSI occupies only part of the real estate object (building, structure, site), then from the point of view of assessing the availability of the OSI and the services provided on it for the disabled and other MGN, the state of accessibility of this part of the building or structure (OSI - institution) should be described, and additionally paths to it - through other parts of the building and the adjacent site (territory). At the same time, the “area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility” of the head of the organization that occupies a part of the real estate object, in terms of ensuring the availability of the object and services, extends to the occupied premises, part of the building. And the paths of movement to this “part of the building” (in this case, an independent OSI) are in the “zone of responsibility” of the organization, which is in charge of the entire building and the area adjacent to it. These features and relationships should be noted when describing and assessing the state of availability of the OSI.
If an institution or organization occupies several buildings and structures (both on a single territory and geographically separated - that is, located at a distance), then each independent building (structure) and the adjacent area are described and assessed in terms of accessibility for MGN as several (different) OSI.
If the organization in charge of the building does not have a fixed site (adjacent territory), the "zone of responsibility" for the availability of the site adjacent to the corresponding real estate object does not apply to the head of the organization and his parent organization. When assessing the accessibility of the OSI, information about this is indicated in the documents (questionnaire - information about the OSI, the act of inspection of the OSI), which notes the need to assess the state of accessibility and, if necessary, adapt the adjacent area. However, the responsibility for the condition of the site and the organization of work on its adaptation lies with the organization in charge of this site.
The analysis of regulatory documents in design and construction made it possible not only to define the concept of "social infrastructure object", but also to highlight the main components and parameters of buildings and structures: structural and functional zones and elements to be assessed in terms of the state of accessibility of the OSI and its adaptation for disabled people and other MGN.
Table 5 shows the classification of the main structural and functional zones and elements of buildings and structures to be adapted for people with disabilities and other MGN. Accordingly, it is these structural elements that need to assess the state of their availability - from the point of view of compliance with the current regulatory documents in construction.
Table 5 - The main structural and functional zones and elements of buildings and structures to be adapted for people with disabilities and other MGN
| P / p No. | The main structural and functional zones of the OSI (their types) | Functional planning elements of the zone (and their features) | |
| 1 | Territory adjacent to the building (site) |
1.1 Entrance (entrances) to the territory | |
| 1.2 Path (s) of movement on the territory | |||
| 1.3 Ladder (outdoor) | |||
| 1.4 Ramp (external) | |||
| 1.5 Parking and parking | |||
| 2 | Entrance (s) to the building | 2.1 Ladder (outdoor) | |
| 2.2 Ramp (external) | |||
| 2.3 Entrance area (in front of the door) | |||
| 2.4 Door (entrance) | |||
| 2.5 Tambour | |||
| 3 | Path (s) of movement inside the building (including escape routes) |
3.1 Corridor (lobby, waiting area, gallery, balcony) | |
| 3.2 Ladder (inside the building) | |||
| 3.3 Ramp (inside the building) | |||
| 3.4 Passenger elevator (or lift) | |||
| 3.5 Door | |||
| 3.6 Escape routes (including security zones) | |||
| 4 | Target area of \u200b\u200bthe building (target site visit) | Option I - service area for citizens (including disabled people and other MGN) | 4.1 cabinet service |
| 4.2 hall service | |||
| 4.3 counter service | |||
| 4.4 form of service with movement along the route | |||
| 4.5 personal service booth | |||
| Option II - places of employment | |||
| Option III - living quarters | |||
| 5 | Sanitary and hygiene facilities | 5.1 Dressing room | |
| 5.2 Shower / bathroom | |||
| 5.3 Household room (dressing room) | |||
| 6 | Site information system | 6.1 Visual aids | |
| 6.2 Acoustic media | |||
| 6.3 Tactile aids | |||
There are the following 6 main structural and functional zones of the OSI (parts of the social infrastructure object):
1. The area adjacent to the building (site),
2. Entrance (entrances) to the building,
3. Route (s) of movement inside the building (including evacuation routes),
4. The target area of \u200b\u200bthe building (target site visit),
5. Sanitary and hygiene facilities,
6. Information system at the facility (devices and means of information and communication and their systems).
For each of the above zones, general requirements for assessing its state of accessibility are highlighted, and functional planning elements (component parts of the zone, assessed from the point of view of accessibility) and parameters for their assessment are determined.
Zone 1 "The area adjacent to the building (site)" consists of the following functional planning elements:
1.1 Entrance (entrances) to the territory (adjacent to the building),
1.2 Way (s) of movement on the territory,
1.3 Ladder (outdoor),
1.4 Ramp (external),
1.5 Parking lots and parking lots.
The main requirements for this zone are determined by the presence of:
- at least one entrance (entrance) to the territory of the object (to the territory adjacent to the building), adapted for all categories of citizens (disabled people and other MGN);
- availability of paths for MGN (transport and pedestrian; with the possibility of their combination);
- dedicated and marked places (at least one) for the transport of disabled people;
- availability of resting places (recommended).
A description of the basic requirements for the area "Territory adjacent to the building (site"), as well as the parameters for assessing the state of accessibility of its main functional planning elements are given in the table in Appendix B.1.
Zone 2 “Entrance (s) to the building”.
The main requirement for zone 2 is the presence of at least one entrance in the building, accessible to all categories of disabled people (with various types of health disorders) and other MGN. If there are several entrances to a building, as a rule, an entrance is chosen that is as close as possible to the ground level and more than others meets the requirements for the availability of the main parameters along the entrance zone.
The main functional and planning elements of the "Entrance to the building" zone include:
2.1 Ladder (outdoor),
2.2 Ramp (external),
2.3 Entrance area (in front of the door),
2.4 Door (entrance),
2.5 Tambour.
When entering from the ground level, elements 2.1 - 2.3 may be absent; if there is a staircase, it must be duplicated with a ramp. Item 2.5 is scored if present.
A detailed description of the parameters for assessing the state of availability of each functional and planning element of zone 2 is given in the table in Appendix B.2.
Zone 3 "Route (s) of movement inside the building (including evacuation routes)".
From the point of view of accessibility, the route of movement inside the building to the place of intended purpose (target visit) of this object is assessed - that is, to zone 4, as well as (in the presence of an adapted or universal sanitary and hygienic zone) the route of movement to sanitary and hygienic premises.
Among the main requirements for zone 3, it is important to note the following: in the absence of specially designated escape routes and safety zones in the building, the requirements for the path of movement expand to the requirements for the escape routes (or, conversely, the requirements for the escape routes apply to the path of movement inside the building to the target site). visits and back to the entrance / exit).
The main functional and planning elements of zone 3 "Traffic routes inside the building" are:
3.1 Corridor (lobby, waiting area, gallery, balcony),
3.2 Ladder (inside the building),
3.3 Ramp (inside the building),
3.3 Passenger elevator (or lift),
3.4 Door (doors - if there are several on the same path),
3.5 Escape routes (including security zones).
Detailed characteristics of the parameters of the functional and planning elements of zone 3 assessed from the point of view of availability are given in the table in Appendix B.3.
Zone 4 "Target area of \u200b\u200bthe building (target visit to the object)".
The main zone of any object of social infrastructure (both a residential building, places of employment, and public buildings: institutions of health care, education, social services, culture, physical culture and sports, an object of trade and consumer services - any socially significant object) is the target site. destination (or place of target visit) of this object. This can be the place where the service is provided, as well as the place of employment, the place of education, or the place of residence (residential premises). Unlike the name “service provision area” proposed in other methods (which narrowed the possibilities of its classification assessment), this Methodology defines the name of the indicated zone in accordance with its main system-forming feature and in accordance with the wording used in clause 1.4 of SNiP 35- 01-2001 (“targeted visit sites”) and in clause 1.7.1 of SP 35-201-2001 (“targeted or service points”).
The name of the zone "Target area of \u200b\u200bthe building (target visit to the object)" allows you to determine the main requirement for the state of accessibility of the object in accordance with its purpose - the availability of the target sites of the object and the routes to them. If it is technically impossible to ensure the accessibility and convenience for all categories of citizens of places of target destination (or target visit), it is necessary to offer the organization of a specially designated area or site (for example, at the entrance zone) or to provide the corresponding service (services) in another, alternative form: remotely, at home, or in another place of residence of the citizen.
Target places can be universal for serving all categories of visitors, or dedicated - special for people with disabilities and other MGN, including near the entrances. Rooms for disabled people in wheelchairs are located at the entrance level closest to the ground; in case of a different arrangement of premises along the height of the building (above or below the first floor), in addition to stairs, ramps, lifting platforms, elevators or other devices for moving disabled people in wheelchairs (including individual means, such as staircases - "rock mobiles") are provided.
Taking into account the designated purpose, the following types of designated purpose places can be distinguished - variants of zone 4:
Option I - service area for citizens (disabled people and other MGN),
Option II - places of employment,
Option III - living quarters.
Option I - service area: it is presented, as a rule, in public buildings and structures - at objects of socio-cultural and public utilities (including at health care, education, culture, recreation, sports, as well as at transport infrastructure facilities, trade, catering, business, administrative, financial, religious purposes).
General requirements for service areas of citizens provide for at least 5% of places for disabled people and other MGN of the total capacity of the institution or the estimated number of visitors (including when allocating specialized service areas for MGN in the building). If there are several identical places (devices, devices) for serving visitors, 5% of them are designed or organized so that a disabled person can use them.
From the point of view of ensuring the safety of visitors with health and mobility impairments, the places of service and the constant presence of the disabled are located at minimum distances from the evacuation exits from the premises, as well as from the floors and from buildings - outside.
The service area can be presented in various forms, respectively, various functional planning elements and parameters of their availability are highlighted in it. From the point of view of architectural, planning and organizational solutions, accessibility can be the following (main) forms of service:
4.1 cabinet service,
4.2 hall service,
4.3 counter service,
4.4 form of service with moving along the route,
4.5 personal service booth.
The office form of service is presented most often in outpatient health care institutions, social protection of the population, and government bodies.
The hall form of service is presented in cultural institutions (theater, concert hall, museum hall), at transport infrastructure facilities (waiting rooms at the railway and bus stations, at the airport), at physical culture and health and sports facilities (sports, gym), in educational institutions (lecture hall), as well as in trade and public catering establishments (hall for visitors, trading hall).
The counter service is presented in cultural institutions (ticket offices of a cinema, theater, museum), at transport infrastructure facilities (ticket offices at the railway and bus station, at the airport), in institutions and trade organizations, at communication facilities, in financial and credit organizations ( this, in particular, a counter in a store, a kiosk, at a post office, in a savings bank), in medical and other social institutions (reception, a window for serving visitors in a pharmacy, in a multifunctional center) and others.
The form of service with movement along the route can be presented in self-service stores, libraries, museums, at railway stations and at airports.
The personal service booth can be in the form of a fitting room, a booth for a photo machine, or a voting booth.
Option II - places of employment, and the parameters corresponding to them are used in assessing the state of the availability of jobs (sections, workshops, enterprises and organizations using the work of disabled people), as well as to assess the state of accessibility of educational places in educational institutions of primary, secondary, higher and additional education.
Option III - living quarters; the parameters that determine the availability in this option are used to describe the state of accessibility of both residential premises in residential buildings and residential premises in hotels, boarding houses, rest homes, in stationary social services and other residential institutions, as well as to assess the state of accessibility of temporary departments accommodation and inpatient services in health care and social services.
Various options for target areas and, in particular, visitor service areas are presented in the tables in Appendix B.4.
Zone 5 "Sanitary and hygienic premises".
The general requirements for this area include the requirement for the OSI (especially at the facility intended for serving visitors) to have at least one universal cabin for MGN (including one available for use by people with disabilities in a wheelchair). So, at least one universal cabin should be provided in public toilets, in public buildings (with a number of visitors of 50 or more people, when they are in a building for 60 minutes or more), in industrial buildings (on each floor where disabled people work).
The functional planning elements of zone 5 include:
5.1 Dressing room,
5.2 Shower / bathroom,
5.3 Household room (dressing room).
A detailed description of the parameters and requirements for the availability of zone 5 is presented in the table in Appendix B.5.
Zone 6 “Site information system”.
The information system at the facility includes devices, media, communications and their systems. Taking into account the special requirements for them for persons with disabilities with perceptual disabilities (impaired sensory functions: vision, hearing), at least 3 types of devices and media at the facility should be presented:
6.1 visual aids;
6.2 acoustic equipment;
6.3 tactile means.
The media system of zones and rooms should provide:
- continuity of information (on all routes of MGN movement), timely orientation and unambiguous identification of objects and places of visit;
- to provide for the possibility of obtaining information both on the services provided (the list and the procedure for providing), and on the location and purpose of functional elements at the facility, on the location of escape routes, including warning of danger in extreme situations.
Media systems should be comprehensive - for all categories of people with disabilities (visual, audio, tactile).
Signs and symbols must be identical within a building, a complex of structures, an area where objects are located; they must comply with the normative documents on standardization.
A detailed description of devices and media and parameters of zone 6, accessibility requirements for them is presented in the table in Appendix B.6.
Of the 6 listed functional zones, the main ones that ensure (according to SNiP and SP) the reach of the main purpose and main visits to the building, as well as safety, are 3 zones:
- 2 "Entrance (entrances) to the building",
- 3 "Route (s) of movement inside the building (including evacuation routes)",
- 4 "Target area of \u200b\u200bthe building (target site visit)".
The remaining 3 zones, according to the classification of accessibility criteria (according to SNiP and SP), to a greater extent provide additional accessibility criteria:
- information content requirements - zone 6 "Information system at the facility (devices and means of information and communication and their systems)",
- Requirements for convenience and comfort - zone 1 "Territory adjacent to the building" (area, including parking and recreation areas), as well as zone 5 "Sanitary and hygienic premises".
Special requirements that develop and expand the basic requirements that form the basis for assessing the state of accessibility of OSI according to this Methodology, depending on the functional purpose of various buildings, are given in special sets of rules (SP 35-102-2001, SP 35-103-2001, SP 35 -104-2001 and other sets of rules 35 of a set of regulatory documents in design and construction), as well as in methodological documents - recommendations for the design of the environment, buildings and structures, taking into account the needs of people with disabilities (including for certain types of residential, public and industrial buildings and structures). These documents (see Appendix E) and their provisions are the subject of the activities of specialists in the field of design and construction.
According to SP 35-101-2001 (clause 1.6), when arranging an OSI, it is allowed to select options for design solutions based on a set of requirements for a projected or reconstructed facility in order to ensure access to it and its use by people with limited mobility.
“Depending on the estimated number of disabled people, on the financial capabilities of the customer and the functional structure of the building, it is recommended to provide for one of two options for organizing accessibility (excluding home services):
option "A" - accessibility for disabled people of any dwelling cell in a dwelling, any place of service in a public building, any place of employment. At the same time, the device should be provided for: general universal traffic routes accessible to all categories of the population, including the disabled; adapted for the needs of the disabled, all or specially allocated from the total number of residential premises and service places; specially adapted work places;
option "B" - the allocation of special rooms, zones or blocks at the level of the entrance area, adapted and equipped for disabled people. It is necessary to provide for the device of special entrances, specially equipped parallel paths of movement and service places for persons with disabilities. "
Schematically, both options for organizing accessibility are shown in Figure 5. As shown in the figure, all structural and functional zones are equipped according to option "A": a site (the area adjacent to the building); entrance to the building; paths of movement inside the building; target area (services); sanitary facilities and media at the facility. According to option "B", at a minimum, the entrance to the building and a specially designated area for the provision of services (as a rule, as close as possible to the entrance) must be equipped; at the same time, information on the accessible entrance and the dedicated area for the provision of services should also be provided. In both the first and second options, the arrangement can be universal (for all categories of disabled people) or special - selective (for certain categories of disabled people, taking into account the type of health disorders and mobility).
4.2 Classifier of social infrastructure facilities by the level of accessibility for persons with disabilities: technology for a comprehensive assessment and determination of necessary adaptation measures
Analysis of the current documents in design and construction (Appendix E) and their updated versions (draft documents developed taking into account the requirements of international standards and the requirements of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities), as well as Russian and foreign experience in assessing the state of accessibility of facilities and services was the basis for the development technologies for assessing the state of accessibility of an object of social infrastructure (OSI) and the services it provides, as well as directions and types of work to adapt OSI, taking into account the needs of disabled people.
The consolidated assessment is based on the accessibility parameters of the main structural and functional zones and planning elements of these zones in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents in construction (taking into account the main criteria for various categories of disabled people: with musculoskeletal disorders, including when moving on a chair; wheelchair; with visual impairment; hearing impairment; mental impairment).
When assessing accessibility parameters, first of all, the requirements of SNiP 35-01-2001 are taken into account, according to which “design solutions for facilities available for MGN should provide:
- Reachability of places of target visit and unimpeded movement inside buildings and structures;
- safety of traffic routes (including evacuation ones), as well as places of residence, service and employment;
- timely receipt of full-fledged and high-quality information by MGN, allowing them to navigate in space, use equipment (including for self-service), receive services, participate in the labor and educational process;
- Convenience and comfort of the living environment ”.
The need to unconditionally fulfill the requirements of accessibility and safety, as emphasized above, is indicated in Article 30 of the Federal Law “Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures”.
More detailed characteristics of each of the described accessibility criteria are presented in clause 1.7 of SP 35-101-2001:
“Improving the quality of the architectural environment is achieved while maintaining the accessibility, safety, convenience and information content of buildings for the needs of people with disabilities and other MGN without prejudice to the corresponding rights and capabilities of other people in these buildings.
In terms of significance, the listed criteria have the following order of priority:
1) accessibility, 2) safety, 3) information content, 4) comfort (convenience).
1. The criterion of accessibility contains the requirements:
- unimpeded movement along communication routes, rooms and spaces;
- reaching the intended destination or service and using the provided opportunities;
- the opportunity to use the places of rest, waiting and related services.
2. Safety means the creation of conditions for living, visiting a place of service or work without the risk of being injured in any way or causing damage to one's property, as well as harming other people, buildings or equipment.
The main requirements of the safety criterion are:
- the ability to avoid injuries, injuries, mutilation, excessive fatigue, etc. due to the properties of the architectural environment of buildings (including the used finishing materials);
- the possibility of timely identification and response to places and risk zones;
- absence of poorly perceived places of intersection of traffic paths;
- warning consumers about potential hazard zones;
- Fire safety.
3. Informativeness provides a versatile opportunity for timely receipt, awareness of information and appropriate response to it.
The requirements of the criterion of information content include:
- use of means of information, corresponding to the characteristics of different groups of consumers;
- timely recognition of landmarks in the architectural environment of public buildings;
- precise identification of their location and the places that are the purpose of the visit;
- the possibility of effective orientation - both in the daytime and in the dark;
- the ability to have continuous information support along the entire route through the building.
The placement and nature of the execution of information support elements should take into account:
- the distance from which the message can be effectively perceived;
- angles of the observation field, convenient for the perception of visual information;
- clear outline and contrast, and if necessary - image relief;
- correspondence of the symbols or plastic techniques used to the generally accepted meaning;
- elimination of interference with the perception of information media (glare of pointers, blinding illumination, combination of areas of action of various acoustic sources, acoustic shadow).
4. The level of comfort of the architectural environment in the project is assessed from both physical and psychological positions.
The criterion of comfort (convenience) contains the following basic requirements:
- creating conditions for minimal costs and efforts of MGN to meet their needs;
- ensuring timely opportunities for rest, waiting and additional service, providing conditions for compensating the efforts spent on movement and receiving services;
- reduction of time and effort to obtain the necessary information.
The lower limit of comfort (convenience) should be considered the level of conditions under which receiving or providing the necessary information cannot be considered uncomfortable (inconvenient).
It is recommended to increase comfort by: reducing the required path and time to receive several services at one place, increasing the number of resting places, obtaining the necessary information in advance, using the necessary and ergonomic equipment, etc. "
These criteria should be taken into account not only when deciding on the state of accessibility, but also when developing draft decisions on adapting objects. Confirmation of this thesis is the fact that in SP 31-102-99 (updated in 2009), the criteria for accessibility, safety, information content and comfort (convenience) are described in section (5) "Directions of adaptation".
Section 3 of the Methodology describes the organization, the procedure for certification of the OSI and its documentation (Appendix A). The documents formed at the stages of work on the certification of the OSI and services actually contain the technology for assessing the state of the availability of the OSI, as well as the technology for developing a solution for its adaptation.
In this case, the organizational and technological method of sequential collection and filling of information about the OSI was applied: from obtaining information by questioning (collecting information about the OSI) from the head of the organization located at the facility, to the subsequent objectification of this information during the survey of the OSI by a working group - with an assessment the availability of the main structural and functional zones and functional and planning elements of the facility and the development of a draft solution for its adaptation (if necessary, organizing the approval of this draft solution). The summary information about each object is placed in the OSI Accessibility Passport; summary data form the basis for the development of a draft management decision - a draft Targeted program (plan) of adaptation measures. The specific types of work reflected in the specified program (plan) correspond to the decisions reflected in section 4 "Management decision (project)" in the OSI survey report, as well as in similar sections of the OSI Accessibility Passport and the OSI Register.
In each of the documents filled out in the process of certification of the OSI, presented in Appendix A: the OSI accessibility passport (Appendix A.2), the Questionnaire (information about the OSI) to the OSI accessibility passport (Appendix A.3) and the OSI object inspection certificate to the OSI accessibility passport (Appendix А.4) - Section 3 "Object availability state" is presented. Items and sub-items are sequentially filled in it:
3.1 The route to the object by passenger transport (the route of movement using passenger transport is described); availability of adapted passenger transport to the facility;
3.2 The way to the object from the nearest stop of passenger transport:
3.2.1 distance to the object from the transport stop (m),
3.2.2 travel time (on foot) in minutes,
3.2.3 the presence of a pedestrian path separated from the carriageway (yes, no),
3.2.5 presence of intersections: unregulated; adjustable, with sound signaling, timer;
3.2.6 availability of information on the way to the object (acoustic, tactile, visual);
3.2.7 presence of height differences on the way of movement; description of their arrangement for wheelchair users.
Then, an assessment is made of the option of organizing the availability (form of service) at the facility, the results of which are recorded in clause 3.3 of the OSI survey report, which is presented in Table 6. The table compares two main parameters:
- the option of organizing the availability of an object (service form);
- the category of disabled people (by the main types of violations).
The options for organizing accessibility are assessed taking into account the requirements of SP 35-101-2001 and SP 31-102-99, as follows:
- option "A" - availability of all zones and rooms (universal);
- option "B" - special areas and premises are allocated for servicing the disabled;
- option "DU" - conditional availability is provided: assistance of an employee of the organization at the facility, or services are provided at home or remotely;
- "VND" - temporarily unavailable: availability is not organized.
Table 6 - Organization of accessibility of the facility for disabled people - service form
Figure 6 shows schematically all structural and functional zones that can be represented at the facility, and their relationship, including the possibility of allocating special places for servicing disabled people (according to option "B"). Depending on the availability of appropriate zones at a particular facility (as well as the presence or absence of specially designated places and paths for the disabled), firstly, the option of servicing the MGN at the facility is determined, and, secondly, the scope and sequence of examination of the existing ones (or only selected) zones.
The results of the survey of the available zones are reflected in the next paragraph 3.4 "State of accessibility of the main structural and functional zones" of section 3 "State of accessibility of the object" both in the Act of inspection of the OSI (Appendix A.4) and in the Passport of accessibility of the OSI (Appendix A.2). This part of these documents is practically central for assessing the state of accessibility of an object; it is also presented in Table 7.
The table takes into account the results of the assessment of each structural and functional zone, for which the results of their survey and assessments for each functional and planning element are used, which are presented in the annexes to the OSI survey act.
To assess the state of accessibility of elements and zones, a special "Directory of structural elements and parameters for assessing the availability of social infrastructure and services" (Appendix B) has been developed.
Table 7 - The state of accessibility of the main structural and functional zones
The handbook was developed based on the analysis of SNiP 35-01-2001 using the method of expert assessments, which made it possible to highlight various elements and parameters and group them as follows:
- general requirements for the structural and functional zone (they determine the general provisions for the arrangement of the zone as a whole, and, as a rule, are universal - for all categories of disabled people);
- universal requirements - regulatory requirements ensuring the availability of each of the elements of the zone (functional planning elements) for all categories of disabled people, regardless of the type of health disorder and body functions,
- special requirements determine the conditions of accessibility for certain categories of disabled people (with disabilities of the musculoskeletal system; moving in wheelchairs; with visual impairments; hearing impairments; mental impairments);
- special requirements - for certain types and types of objects (including for residential premises, for places of employment, as well as for various types of public buildings: buildings of educational institutions, medical institutions, sports and sports facilities, buildings and structures of railway stations, financial institutions and others).
When assessing the state of accessibility of each of the zones, the compliance of the accessibility parameters for each structural and functional element is determined.
The main principle in assessing the state of availability of each element is the presence of deviations from the established standards or comments on general requirements and recommended parameters.
At the same time, in the appendix to the Inspection Act of the OSI, corresponding to a specific inspected structural and functional zone of the OSI, an entry is made in section I "Survey results" for each element: its presence in the surveyed area is noted, then in the column "Revealed remarks" ("Content" ) briefly describes the essence of the comments or deviations; and in the column “Significant for a disabled person (category)” the category of disabled person is marked for which the corresponding parameter deviates from the established standards. Here, a note is made about the number of the described element on the plan of the object, as well as the numbers of photographs, if any for this element were made.
A copy of Section I "Survey Results" is presented in Table 8.
Table 8 - Results of examination of the structural and functional zone of the object
| P / p No. | Functional planning element name | Item presence | Identified violations and remarks | Adaptation works | ||||
| yes / no | Plan number | Photo # | Content | Important for a disabled person (category) | Content | Types of jobs | ||
| 1.1 | ||||||||
| 1.2 | ||||||||
| 1.3 | ||||||||
| General requirements for the zone | ||||||||
Further, in the column "Adaptation work" (content), specific proposals are made for measures aimed at adapting each functional and planning element and in the column "Types of work" one of the options is indicated: does not need (access is provided); repair work (current or overhaul); individual technical solution (using ТСР); technical solutions are not possible - the organization of an alternative form of service (for example, with the help of an employee of the institution).
In the code (section II "Conclusion on the zone" of the annex to the OSI survey act), a general conclusion is made about the availability and recommendations for adapting the entire zone according to the parameters described above; if necessary, a commentary on the conclusion is given. The data from this section (for each of the surveyed zones) are entered into section 4 "Management decision (project)" in the OSI survey report, in table 4.1, which repeats the form of section II "Conclusion on the zone" of the appendix to the OSI survey act and, in fact , is a compilation of data from the relevant sections of all annexes to the OSI Survey Act.
A copy of the summary table from clause 4.1 of the OSI survey report is presented in table 9.
After the completion of the input of all data from the annexes to the OSI survey report, in line 8 of the table, summary (generalized data) for the entire facility (for all surveyed areas) is indicated. Next, the period of work and the expected result (as of availability) after the adaptation work is indicated.
To make a decision on the adaptation of an object, it is noted whether additional information or approval is required:
- approval of the decision at the Commission for the coordination of activities in the field of providing an accessible living environment for people with disabilities and other MGN;
- coordination of work with supervisory authorities (in the field of design and construction, architecture, protection of monuments);
- technical expertise; development of design and estimate documentation;
- coordination with a superior organization (owner of the object);
- agreement with the consumer (with public organizations of disabled people).
If there is a conclusion of an authorized organization on the state of accessibility of an object, its name, as well as the name of the document and the date of the conclusion are indicated.
Table 10 presents the "Classifier of social infrastructure facilities by state of accessibility", which gives:
- options for assessing the state of availability of OSI,
- their letter designation (code),
- the rationale for the decision on the state of availability,
- recommendations for the arrangement and adaptation of the OSI.
Fully accessible from the point of view of architectural and planning solutions is an object that meets the requirements of the current regulatory documents in the field of design and construction for all functional zones and all criteria of accessibility (for functional zones 1-6) - according to option "A" or option "B ".
In this regard, an object can be considered partially accessible if the requirements of the current standards for the main functional zones (2-4) are met, which ensure the achievement of the places of the target visit to the building (object). At the same time, an acceptable option (from the point of view of the joint venture, option "B") is the organization of a specially dedicated path and service points, special sections for servicing MGN. This accessibility approach should also be assessed as partially accessible.
In case of non-fulfillment of the requirements of regulatory documents in the field of design and construction (accessibility requirements) for MGN, the object should be recognized as temporarily unavailable - until a decision is made on the arrangement and its implementation, or until an alternative form of service for MGN is organized.
After the execution of an organizational decision on an alternative form of service (both in this institution - when providing access with the help of an unauthorized person, including an employee of the institution, and in another way: remotely, at home, in another institution, at another facility of this institution, etc. ) the object is considered conditionally available. The same decision can be made if the parameters of structural and functional elements are identified at the facility (for example, the slope of the ramp at the entrance, the longitudinal or transverse slope on the path of movement, etc.) that do not meet the requirements of SNiP and SP, which, after agreement with the consumer (with public organizations of disabled people) can be accepted as acceptable. The decision on conditional accessibility in both the first and second options should be made after agreement with the consumer or his legal representative (public organization of disabled people).
Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment of the state of accessibility of the main functional areas for all categories of disabled people (according to the main criteria of accessibility), one of the decisions described below is made for the facility as a whole.
Table 10 - Classifier of social infrastructure facilities by state (level) of accessibility
| №№ p / p |
Assessing the status of availability | Cipher | Justification of the decision on the state of accessibility of the object | Arrangement recommendations and OSI adaptation |
| 1 | Fully available all |
DP-V | Compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents in design and construction in all 6 functional zones for all categories of disabled people - both in terms of accessibility and safety, and information content and comfort (the area adjacent to the building; building entrances; traffic paths inside the building; target areas ; sanitary and hygienic premises and information systems) - according to option "A" (clause 1.6 SP 35-101-2001) | Meets the requirements of universal design. Measures to adapt the facility for MGN are not required. The facility can be recommended as the main ("basic") for the service of disabled people of all categories |
| 2 | Available completely selectively | DP-I (k, o, s, z, y) |
Compliance with regulatory requirements (both accessibility and safety, as well as information content and comfort) according to option "A" (according to clause 1.6 of SP 35-101-2001) of all 6 functional zones - but for certain categories of disabled people: with musculoskeletal disorders ( o), for those who move in a wheelchair (k), for the visually impaired (s), for the disabled with hearing impairment (d), or for the disabled with intellectual disabilities (y) | In the presence of technical (architectural and planning) and financial capabilities, measures are recommended for the arrangement (adaptation) of the facility in the first stage to ensure access to all functional zones for all categories of disabled people |
| 3 | Partially available all |
DCh-V | 1) Compliance with the regulatory requirements of the main functional areas (2-4) - access to the target destination is provided for all categories of citizens. 2) There are specially designated paths and service places, special areas for servicing people with limited mobility, option "B" (clause 1.6 SP 35-101-2001): "special rooms, zones or blocks adapted and equipped for disabled people are allocated at the level of the entrance area. , as well as special entrances, traffic routes and service points " |
The arrangement is proposed in the second stage, as it requires more money and time compared to the previous version and more complex technical solutions (arrangement of the territory, sanitary and hygienic facilities; provision of information systems at the facility) |
| 4 | Available partially selectively | DCh-I (k, o, s, z, y) |
1) Compliance with the standards of only the main functional areas (the reach of targeted sites) for certain categories of disabled people 2) There are specially designated ways and places of service for certain categories of disabled people, as well as special areas for their service - according to option "B" (SP 35-101-2001) |
The decision on the arrangement is proposed to be attributed to the third stage, since it takes a significant investment of time and money to carry out repair and construction work |
| 5 | Available conditionally | DU | The requirements of regulatory documents in planning and construction have not been met and are technically impossible: The decision on conditional availability is made subject to the following conditions: - agreement with the representatives of the consumer (OOI) as acceptable existing violations of some parameters of structural and functional elements; - by organizing assistance to a disabled person (another MGN) from the employees of the institution to receive services at this facility, including when using additional individual technical means (for example, a walking lift, a "climbing car"); - when organizing another alternative form of service (at home, in another place of stay of a disabled person, remotely, in another institution) |
Carrying out measures for technical arrangement in connection with the architectural and planning features of the building: - impossible either - can be performed only as a major overhaul or reconstruction. To adapt, it is necessary to organize: - other form of service delivery (at home, remotely, in other OSI) |
| 6 | Temporarily unavailable | GNI | Architectural planning and organizational solutions are absent or the data has not been completed earlier, require additional approvals: - there are no alternative forms of service |
The arrangement can be carried out only as a major overhaul and reconstruction or after additional approval; Organize an alternative form of service |
| 7 | Not suitable for disabled people | "X" | 1) Access of disabled people is not provided to the object and its sections 2) The object is subject to demolition as a dilapidated, emergency |
The object is not subject to arrangement and adaptation |
1. The object is fully accessible to everyone - DP-V.
This assessment is given in case of compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents in design and construction in all 6 functional zones for all categories of disabled people - both in terms of accessibility and safety, and information content and comfort (the area adjacent to the building; entrances to the building; traffic paths inside buildings; special purpose places; sanitary and hygienic premises and information systems) - according to option "A" (clause 1.6 of SP 35-101-2001).
It is this variant of the availability state that meets the requirements of the universal design.
In this case, no additional measures to adapt the facility for MGN are required, and, on the contrary, it is such an object that can be recommended as the main (“basic”) one for servicing disabled people of all categories.
2. The object is available completely selectively - DP-I (k, o, s, z, y).
This assessment is given in the case of compliance with regulatory requirements (both accessibility and safety, as well as information content and comfort) according to option "A" of all 6 functional zones - but for certain categories of disabled people: with musculoskeletal disorders (o), for those who move in a chair - a wheelchair (k), for disabled people with visual impairments (s), for disabled people with hearing impairments (d), or for disabled people with mental impairments (y).
With such an assessment of the state of accessibility of the OSI in the presence of technical (architectural and planning) and financial capabilities, measures are recommended for additional equipment (adaptation) of the facility in the first stage to provide access to all functional zones for all categories of disabled people (to meet the requirements of universal design).
3. The object is partially accessible to everyone - DCh-V.
This assessment is given in 2 cases:
1) compliance with the regulatory requirements of the main functional zones (2-4) - when access to the target destination is provided for all categories of citizens;
2) specially designated ways and places of service, special areas for servicing MGN according to option "B" (clause 1.6 of SP 35-101-2001) are equipped: "special rooms, zones or blocks adapted and equipped for disabled people are allocated at the level of the entrance area. , as well as special entrances, traffic routes and service points ”.
With such an assessment of the state of accessibility of the OSI, it is recommended: arrangement in the second stage, as requiring more money and time compared to the previous option, and more complex technical solutions (arrangement of the territory, sanitary and hygienic facilities; provision of information systems at the facility).
4. The object is available partially selectively - DCh-I (k, o, s, g, y).
This assessment is also given in 2 cases:
1) Compliance with the standards of only the main functional zones 2-4 (the reach of target sites) for certain categories of disabled people (according to option "A").
2) There are specially designated paths and places of service for certain categories of disabled people, as well as special areas for their service - according to option "B".
With such an assessment of the state of accessibility of the OSI, the decision to arrange it is proposed to be attributed to the third stage, since it takes a significant investment of time and money to carry out repair and construction work.
5. The object is conditionally available - remote control. There may also be options (DU-V, DU-I).
This assessment is given in the event that the requirements of regulatory documents in design and construction are not met and are technically impossible.
A conditional availability decision is made when the following conditions are met:
- agreement with representatives of the consumer (public organizations of disabled people) as acceptable existing violations of some parameters of structural and functional elements;
- by organizing assistance to a disabled person (another MGN) from the staff of the institution to receive a service at this facility, including using additional individual technical means (for example, a walking lift, "climbing car"), or accompanied by a sign language interpreter;
- when organizing another alternative form of service (at home, in another place of stay of a disabled person, remotely, or in another institution).
With such an assessment of the state of accessibility of the OSI, the implementation of measures for the technical arrangement in connection with the architectural and planning features of the building is impossible or can be performed only as a result of major repairs or reconstruction.
To adapt the OSI, it is necessary to organize:
- assistance from the OSI staff for escorting to the place of receiving the service;
- another form of service delivery (at home, remotely, in another OSI).
6. The object is temporarily unavailable - VND.
This assessment is given in the case when architectural, planning and organizational solutions are absent or the data has not been previously completed, require additional approvals:
- the parameters of the structural and planning elements do not meet the regulatory requirements;
- there are no alternative forms of service.
The facility will be considered temporarily unavailable until a decision is made on the arrangement and its implementation, or until an alternative form of service for MGN is organized.
With such an assessment of the state of accessibility of the OSI, its arrangement can be carried out only as a major overhaul and reconstruction or after additional approval. It is recommended to organize an alternative form of service to citizens.
7. The object is not subject to arrangement - "X".
This assessment is given if:
1) access to the facility and its areas in accordance with its purpose is not initially provided for disabled persons,
2) the object is subject to demolition as dilapidated, emergency.
With such an assessment, the object is not subject to arrangement and adaptation.
The final decision is made on the basis of collegial discussion by the members of the working group, signed by the head and all members of the working group, and approved by the head of the social protection body. If necessary (especially in difficult cases requiring interdepartmental interaction), the decision is agreed upon at the Commission for the coordination of activities in the field of creating an accessible living environment for people with disabilities and other MGNs.
If it is technically impossible (architectural and planning, financial) to ensure that all the requirements for the availability of all zones (all functional and planning elements) are met, a decision may be made to arrange some of the described zones for the object to fulfill its main purpose. In this regard, it is important to equip zone 4 of the "Main purpose of the object" and the paths to it (zones 2 and 3), or the allocation of a special zone (special places) for servicing disabled people at the facility, with the obligatory reflection of this by the media at the facility (zone 6 ). The technical impossibility of arranging traffic paths (stairs: both on the territory and inside the building) can be compensated for by an alternative individual solution: by using an individual means (for example, a walking lift: "ladder walker", or "climbing car"), with the help of an unauthorized person, in first of all, an employee of an institution or organization located at this facility. At the same time, information and communication means (for example, a button to call the personnel of a given facility) should be provided to assist a visitor from the MGN and accompany him at the facility. Appendix B to the Methodology presents possible technical means of rehabilitation for the adaptation of the object (GOST, extraction).
Another, organizational, solution to ensure the accessibility of the main purpose of the object is to ensure the availability of the services provided by it in an alternative form: with the "delivery" of services to the home, to another place of stay of a disabled person, a citizen from the MGN category, or, in agreement with him, remotely. In this regard, the options for such a solution - an alternative form of rendering (providing) services are:
- provision of services at home (with delivery to another place of stay of a disabled person),
- provision of services in a remote form,
- organization of the provision of services at another facility, in another institution.
Conceptually significant for making decisions on accessibility and for developing proposals (draft decisions) on the arrangement of social infrastructure facilities seems to be the provision of SNiP 35-01-2001 that “design solutions for facilities accessible to disabled people should not limit the living conditions of other population groups, as well as the efficiency of building operations ”. In this regard, it is necessary to implement in practice the provision of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on “reasonable accommodation”.
In order to implement the principle of “universal design”, it is recommended, as a rule, to design universal elements of buildings and structures that are adaptable to the needs of disabled people and used by all groups of the population. The need to use specialized elements that take into account the specific needs of people with disabilities is established by the Design Assignment.
The final decision on the state of availability, on the need to adapt the facility or ensure the availability of services by organizing a different format for their provision, on the inclusion of these works in the address program (plan), and subsequently, the result of these works, is entered into the OSI Accessibility Passport and the Register OSI, as well as the corresponding information is posted on the site "Accessibility map of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation".
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