As mentioned in one famous Soviet miniature: "Rabbits are not only valuable fur ...". And what else? Let's find out what the rabbit actually consists and what features it has, especially since this type of mammals live at home. Although farms are and where rabbits are bred for sale or eating.

What does the rabbit look like?

The anatomy of the rabbit is similar to the anatomy of any other animal that feeds his young milk. Rabbit body has itself itself torso, head, as well as limbs, each of which is attached to the sternum or a pelvis. If we consider the structure of the rabbit as a whole, then you can see a very short neck that connects the head and torso, as well as a short tail.

Usually, when the rabbits are selected for the reproduction of offspring, pay great attention to the correct physique and quality of wool. The rabbit should be with strong bones and the right shape of the head, developed back, as well as with a long paw long standards.

Rabbits have a fairly primitive anatomical development. This can be seen by some signs, such as a spiral fold inside a blind intestine, orchard salivary gland, the oil seal is reduced, the pancreas has a scattering, inguinal moves are expanded, the steaming scrotum is simplified enough by its function and structure, the sex dick is directed back at the men's half of individuals, and Women has a double uterus.

Internal structure of the urinary system

In the anatomy of decorative rabbits, the urinary system does not differ from the urinary system of the rest of mammals, except for the smoothed severity of some parts of the left kidney and the remote location of the ureters from the bladder neck. During the day, an adult part highlights up to 400 milliliters of urine, which contains phosphoric, hypprove and milk acid. Also with the urine rabbit highlights up to 300 milligrams of nitrogen and up to 20 milligres of sulfur.

Sense organs

Features of the physiology of the structure of the rabbit and its senses are that they are particularly sensitive to the surrounding smells. Their vision and rumor several times exceed the quality of the perceived signal from the outside, so they are nimble and fast. The visual quality of the rabbit is recognized as monoocular, which means that he can see apart and the left, and with the right eye, but it is practically absenting binocular vision because of the imposition of a field of view of one of the eyes on the sight of the other in very small percentages. A plus of rabbit vision is that the overlapping of the field of view of both eyes takes place behind, and therefore the animal is provided with a circular review, which also contributes to a rapid response.

Oral cavity

According to biological research, and the teeth are very important in the lives of all mammals, since its further existence depends on the right development. According to the anatomy of the rabbit, when he only appears on the light, he already has sixteen teeth in his mouth. They are dairy, so over time they change to constant. It happens very quickly - for the eighteenth day after birth.

An interesting fact is that rabbits have two pairs of incisors - in front and behind, both on the upper part of the jaw and on the bottom. Since they are rodents, their teeth are covered with enamel, but not like all rodents - from one outside, but also from the inner too. Moreover, its cutters grows throughout life. Fangs are absent, as the rabbit is a herbivorous animal.

Skeleton

The structure of the skeleton of the rabbit looks like the skeleton that is divided into two parts - the spine and the skull, the skeleton of its front and rear limbs, as well as free limbs attached by belts. The weight of the rabbit skeleton is eight percent of the weight of the rest of the body, and this figure is much smaller than the rest of the domesticated animals. But the skeleton of newborns rabbit, on the contrary weighs more than the mature individual and takes almost fifteen percent of the total mass.

In total, according to the anatomy of the rabbit, the skeleton consists of two hundred twelve bones, and his form is very interesting. The spine has born and the loin is stretched, the pelvis is increased in length, the neck is straight and short, breast limbs are strongly shortened in comparison with the rear. Such a peculiar form is associated with his lifestyle and the need for a quick reaction in the event of a threat from the side. This building is available in many animals that dig holes.

The inner part of the skull is reduced, and enlarged socies have a cross-hole. The length of the ears is usually equal to the length of the head, taking into account the fact that the latter is elongated. True, there are exceptions in the anatomy of decorative rabbits, when the ears are twice as long as the cranial box, and it is connected with mutations that led to the appearance of a new type. The cervical spine is very difficult to notice, as it is short, and if there are thick wool, the feeling is created that the neck is absent in principle. The knee joint on its rear surface has additional two bones, for more comfortable and fast movement in the jump.

Limbs and torso

Despite the sloped lower back and the back, their bone structure is quite strong. At the end of the body there is a bellged small tail, under which there is a rear pass, as well as urinary holes and organs (depending on how the floor is rabbit). Men's genitals are hidden by skin and coated with fur, so only the discovering point is noticeable.

The front paws attached to the sternum is weak, as their participation in movement at seventy percent is lower than the rear. But the hind limbs, in particular the feet, are endowed with great strength and power. The anatomy of the rabbit in the pictures will give a complete vision and understanding of the foregoing. The front paws are only support, and the rear paws are the main motor element. To perform the jump, the rabbit is repelled at once with two rear limbs.

Muscular frame

In the anatomy and the physiology of rabbits, a fairly developed musculature is distinguished, the weight of which is half the weight of his body. Muscles located in the lumbar department differ in particular power, as they turn out to be the greatest pressure and load. Rabbit muscles do not have large fat incentives, which are usually hiding in the intermuscular space, from this rabbit meat is considered gentle and melting in his mouth after its preparation. Also, the rabbit meat is usually white due to a similar shade of muscles (pale red).

However, there are red muscles. They are in the larynx, the Rotohlotka and so on. Thanks to the muscular frame of rabbits, a mud-shaped diaphragm is well expressed. Near the blades are additional muscles aimed at strengthening the spine. Naturally, the strongest muscles are located in the lower back limbs, as well as the well-developed muscles of the lower jaw due to the ability to overbind their food.

Digestive system

The internal structure of the rabbit completely displays its livelihood. So, the digestive system is arranged in accordance with all the rules acting on the herbivores. The contents of the gastrointestinal tract, without additional food, takes about nineteen percent of the entire weight of the animal. Due to the large amount of coarse feed, endowed with fiber, the large intestine is better developed than the remaining herbivore mammals. In turn, the abdominal department is significantly increased.

Again, due to the admission to the body of a large amount of fiber, the structure of the rabbit organs has undergone a number of changes. For example, the animal has a highly developed liver, as well as partially divided stomach and so on. An interesting feature is a bag-like education, where the small intestine goes into the blind.

The length of the rabbit intestine reaches almost five hundred centimeters, that is, exceeds the length of the body of an adult animal almost thirteen times, and the young one is fifteen. This is due to the power regime and the food itself, mostly rough.

Another oddity relating to the digestive theme of rabbits is eating their own feces or coprophage. According to scientists, the rabbit can eat up to eighty percent of their feces. And there is a distinction and in the feces itself: it is divided into a solid day and soft night, most of all the eared use the latter. All this is done to replenish protein stocks and other beneficial substances.

Respiratory system

Light, like other vital internal organs, are located in a small breast, so they are all small. The frequency of breathing and exhalations of the rabbit is usually equal to sixty cycles per minute, but with an increase in the ambient temperature to thirty and above the rabbit begins to breathe up to two hundred eighty times per minute. If in the air that the rabbit is inhaled, ammonia appears, then the animal is seriously ill, and in the event of an increase in its concentration, a milligram dies.

If we consider the lungs in the complex, then they are three-role, though the third top of the left lung is practically not noticeable and merges with the heart tissue. Such atrophy is associated with the displacement of the heart a little forward. The right is well developed normally, and at its ends it is often possible to meet painful thighs or increased, which says about squeezing the upper pulmonary.

The cardiovascular system

The structure of the heart of the rabbit is significantly different from the cardiovascular system of the rest of home mammals. It is reduced to one hundred sixty blows per minute, from which the average rabbit lives much smaller than other cats, dogs and so on. A complete cycle of blood in the body of an animal occurs over eight seconds.

The blood distribution along the vessels, the heart itself, the liver and by the rest of the organs occurs in the amount of one to four. In total blood in the bunny body from thirty to seventy milliliters. The heart is developed weak and shifted to the left. It is stretched along the oblique inside of the sternum.

Mammary gland

Both the milks themselves and their nipples are skin derivatives and develop exclusively after the start of feeding their young female. The rest of the time they are in a reduced form and hidden under the hair in the abdominal cavity. The number of nipples depends on the anatomy and physiology of reproduction of rabbits, especially the difference is noticeable among the mungry individuals. On the female body, the nipples are distributed from the belly to the chest, capturing the inguinal wall. Each nipple is equipped from one to fourteen dairy strokes, on the ends open out.

While rabbits will not turn twenty days, the mother feeds them with their milk, and the lactation itself continues to forty days after childbirth. The average milk consumption per random per day is up to thirty milliliters. The first three days of milk contains immunoglobulin and bactericidal substances.

Genitals and reproduction

About part of the men's genital organs has already been mentioned. The scrotum where the appendages and the seed is located next to the anal hole and hidden under the wool. The lower temperature inside the scrotum, differing from body temperature, allows you to save seed sperm. The seedwork is a certain continuation of the appendage. It stretches into the peritoneum and the pelvic zone, where turns into an ampoule. The sexual member itself performs its direct two functions - heels sperm and removes the urine, freeing the urogenital canal. With an inactive sex member, his head is covered with the presence or skin, thereby protecting against possible damage.

The female genitals are presented in the form of paired ovaries and paired uterine pipes, as well as unpaired uterus, vagina and outdoor genital organs. The reproduction of rabbits is possible when they reach four months. At this time, spermatozoa is already ripening from the male half and the egg female, but most often the breeders, of course, do not allow mating at such a young age, since the body may not move the load. The income occurs most often occurs in the seven age.

In order for contact, the rabbit is put in a cage with the male, and two weeks before the upcoming ending in its diet, special vitamin feed adds. The male in the diet is introduced boiled potatoes together with a bred oats. Rabbits are mammals, which are provoked by the time of the year and the mating process itself.

In the summer, unfertilized rabbits require male almost every five days, and in winter in nine. Such behavior continues up to three days. According to the features of the structure of the rabbit and female, the uterus she has a cougium. This means that it is possible to fertilize the rabbit twice, however, rabbits from the second okrol are often born dead.

Anatomy Rabbit in pictures

1. Large chewing muscle.
2. The neck of the trapezoidal muscle.
3. Breast of the trapezoid muscle.
4. Clavian Eastern Muscle.
5. The playful muscle.
6. Cross-Powered Muscle.
7. The clavicle.
8. The blade of the deltoid muscle.
9. The clavical part of the deltoid muscle.
10. Surface thoracic muscle.
11. The long head of the three-headed muscles of the shoulder.
12. The lateral head of the three-headed muscles of the shoulder.

13. Inner shoulder muscle.
14. Two-headed shoulder muscles.
15. Beam wrist extension.
16. Common extensor of fingers.
17. Side Estimpse of the fingers.
18. Safety muscle.

19. Big Round Muscle.
20. The widest muscles of the back.

21. Ventral gear muscle (thoracic).
22. Deep thoracic muscle.

23. Outdoor oblique abdominal muscle.
24. Aponeurosis of the outer oblique abdominal muscle.
25. The average jagged muscle.

26. Surface berry muscle.
27. Inner oblique abdominal muscle.
28. Strain of wide fascia.
29. Vertebral head of the blood muscles of the thigh.
29. The pelvic head of the hip mucus.
30. Four thigh muscle.
31. Semi-chip muscle.
32. Semi-stewed muscle.
33. Ilicor muscle.
34. Long small muscle.
35. Long extensor of the toes.
36. Front Multi-Muscle

1. Own ventral muscle.
2. Dorsal part of the parcel.
3. Ventral part of the parotid gland.
4. Estimates of the parish gland.
5. submandibular iron.
6. Medial part of the chewing muscle.
7. Lateral part of the chewing muscle.

8. Facial nerve.
9. Easy duct.
10. Special upper lip raising.
11. Supported nerve.
12. Dorsal cheek glaze.
13. Middle chewing iron (chewing) iron.

14. Ventral iron cheek.
15. Large ear vein and nerve.
16. Atlanta wing.

17. The cervical branch of the facial nerve.
18. Clavian Easternized Muscle.
19. Breast-shaped muscle.
20. The widest muscles of the back.
21. The cervical of the trapezoid muscle.
22. Outer Jewish Vienna.
23. Inner Jewish Vienna.
24. Yarer Vienna.
25. Skin branches of cervical nerves.
26. Facial Vienna.

Surface muscles, vessels and nerves of rabbit neck. View of the left

1. Own ventral muscle.
2. Large ear vein and nerve.
3. Easy iron.
4. Facial nerve.
5. Chewing muscle.
6. Inner Jewish Vienna.
7. Outer Jewish Vienna.
8. Yarer Vienna.
9. Clauree muscle.
10. Breastsevian muscle.
11. Breast-speaking muscle.
12. Atlanta wing.
13. Plockless muscle.

14. The neck of the ventral gear muscle.
15. The cervical trapezoid muscle.

16. Breast of the trapezoidal muscle.
17. Previous muscle.
18. Safety muscle.
19. Cashless muscle.
20. The widest muscles of the back.
21. The cervical of the diamond muscle.

22. Additional nerve.
23. II and III cervical nerves.
24. Blank sustain.
25. Start of the trapezoid muscle.
26. The blade of the deltoid muscle.
27. Revenue proximal process.
28. The clavical part of the deltoid muscle.
29. Large rimpot.
30. The bladeless joint joint.
31. Clavicle.

1. Nasal bone.
2. Intermitory bone.
3. Upper jaw.
4. Hook of tear bone.
5. Temacious bone.
6. Maiden hill.
7. Front headband.
8. Rear headlong process.

9. Gold hole.
10. Darken bone.
11. Zhilogo process of temporal bone.

12. Scales of the occipital bone.
13. External auditory passage.
14. Superior part of the temporal bone.

15. Drum bubble.
16. Yarem process.
17. Skulent arc.
18. Facial comb.
19. Lower jaw.
20. Cutting teeth.
21. Choosing holes.
22. Articular process.

1. Long back muscle.
2. iliac nepper muscle.
3. The staircase muscle of the first edge.
4. Fuchery, esophagus.
5. Shared carotid artery, jugular vein.
6. Middle Arteries and Vienna.
7. Aorta arc.
8. Daefragmal nerve, Left Cranial Hollow Vienna.
9. Pulmonary artery.
10. Left heart oxo.
11. Left ventricle heart.
12. Extra lung share.

13. Heart sharing of the lung.
14. The diaphragmal fraction of the lung.
15. V edge.
16. XIII edge, abdominal artery.
17. Left adrenal gland, left renal artery.

18. Caudal Hollow Vienna, left ureter.
19. Large lumbar muscle.
20. Left kidney.
21. Liver.
22. Stomach.
23. Splezenka.
24. Skinny gut.

25. The descending part of the colon.
26-27. Cecum.
26. Third Turns of the Blind.
27. The first convulsion of the blind intestine.
28. The ascending part of the colon.
29. Left uterus.
30. ovage.
31. ovarian.
32. The middle jagged muscle.
33. Strain of wide fascia.
34. Breast muscles.

1. Long back muscle.
2. Broad fascia.
3. iliac nepper muscle.
4. Long back muscle.
5. Large lumbar muscle, right ureter.
6. The descending part of the colon.
7. Right uterus.
8. ovary and ovage.
9. Right kidney.
10. Tailed liver process.
11. The right share of the liver.
12. Stomach.
13. Cranial part of the duodenum. 14. The descending part of the duodenum.
15. Pelvic duodenal loops.
16. Rising part of the duodenum.

17. Skinny intestine.
18. The first convulsion of the blind intestine.

19. The second shower of the blind intestine.
20. Third Turns of the Blind.
21. Cell-shaping outflow of a blind intestine.
22. Beginning of the colon.
22-23. Ascending part of the colon. 24. The transverse part of the colon.
25. The diaphragmal fraction of the lung.
26. Heart sharing of the lung.
27. The top of the lung.
28. Heart.
29. Chest bone, breast muscles.
30. Middle Arteries and Vienna.
31. Fuchery, esophagus.
32. General carotid artery, jugular vein, Vagus and Sympathicus trunk.
33. First edge.
34. V rib ..
35. The diaphragm attachment line.

Rabbit intestine on the right side. Polusham

1. Gatekeeper.
2. The descending part of the duodenum.
3. Ascending part of the duodenum.
4. Bending of the duodenum and the cuisine.
5. Skinny gut.
6. iliac.

7. Rounded pouch.
8-11. Cecum.
8. The first convulsion of the blind intestine.

9. The second cleaves of the blind intestine.

10. Third Turns of the Blind.
11. Cherry outflow of a blind intestine.
12-14. The ascending part of the colon 12. The beginning of the colon.
13. Central loop.
14. Distal loop.
15. The transverse part of the colon.
16. The descending part of the colon.
17. Straight gut.

Pelvic cavity organs - left side

1. Middle Muscle Muscle.
2. iliac bone.
3. Sleep bone.
4. Left internal iliac artery and vein
5. Superficial Muscle Muscle.
6. Long muscle lower back.
7. Square lumbar muscle.
8. Large lumbar muscle.
9. Small lumbar muscle.
10. Left outdoor iliac artery and vein.
11. Left kidney.
12. Uretering
13, 13 ". Right uterus.
14, 14 ". Left uterus.

15, 15 ". Left wide uterine bunch.
16. Right wide uterine bunch.
17. Eggs
18. ovarian
19. Brysenter of the colon

20. The descending knee of the colon
21. Ampural rectum
22. Tail muscle.
23. Outdoor anus sphincter
24. Wanted vagina
25. Aluminum Constrictor.
26. Clitoris
27. Internal locking muscle, pelvic battle

28. Straight abdominal muscle
28 ". Fixing the straight abdominal muscle
29. Urine bubble
30. Side bubble bundle
31. Bubble bunch
32. Undermining artery.
33. Vagina venous plexus
34. Outdoor stena artery and vein.
35. Surface groin lymph node
36. Long raising tail
37. Long tailgate
38. Muscle rectum and tail

External genital rabbit organs - left side

1. The wing of the iliac bone.
2. Articular Wpadina.
3. Sedal Budgorm.
4. Breast-sided fascia.
5. Sleep bone.
6. Sedal nerve.
7. Tail muscle.
8. Retractor of the penis.
9. Outdoor anus sphincter.
10. Lukovichnogo Muscle.
11. Sedalized Muscle.
12. Sexidation

13. Precautical iron.
14. Ampouralla rectum.

15. Inema-like muscle.
16. Poor nerve.
17. Attaching with a small lumbar muscle, outdoor iliac artery and vein.
18. Pachovaya bunch
19. Outer oblique abdominal muscle
20. Inner oblique abdominal muscle

21. Uponeurosis of the inner oblique abdominal muscle.
22. Straight abdominal muscle.
22 ". Fastening the straight abdominal muscle.
23. Left Cremaster
24. Right Cremaster
25. Vaginal shell and left seed rope
26. Semennik
27. Internal locking muscle.

Muscles, nerves and vessels pelvis and hips right pelvic limb rabbit - medial surface

1. VII Lumbar vertebra.
2. The wing of the sacral bone.
3. Lateral part of the sacral bone.
4. Small lumbar muscle.
5. Medial iliac muscle.
6. Large lumbar muscle.
7. Left outdoor iliac artery.
8. Left internal iliac artery.
9. Left outdoor iliac vein, right outer iliac artery.
10. Poor nerve, right outer iliac vein.
11. Medium sacral artery.

12. Right internal iliac artery and vein.
13. Cleaning nerve, locking artery.
14. The iliac part of the inner locking muscle.
14 ". Sedalish-solon part of the inner locking muscle.
15. Tail muscle.
16. Deep femoral artery and vein.
17. District lateral femoral artery and vein.

18. Broad fascia.
19. Skin lateral thigh nerve, District deep iliac artery and vein.
20. Direct muscle thigh.

21. Medial wide muscle.
22. Hip Artery and Vienna, Safenus Nerve.
23. Safena Artery, Medial Vienna Saffen.
24. Great muscle.
25. Adductor.
26. Slender muscle.
27. Pelvic battle.
28. Semi-stepped muscle.
29. Tailor muscle.
30. Semi-dry muscle.
31. Ilicor muscle.
32. Surface flexor fingers.
33. Passed muscle.
34. Extension of the II of the finger.
35. Cranial tibial muscle.

Muscles at the nerves and vessels of the blades and shoulders of the right limb of rabbit - medial surface surface

1. Breakfast cartilage
2. Podlophaid muscle
3. Big Round Muscle
4. Warm muscle
5. Small breast muscle
5 ". Small deep thoracic muscle
6. Prepocation nerve
7. Podlopath nerve
8, 8 ". Cranial breast nerves
9. Middle Nerve
10. Dorsal chest nerve
11. Podlopathic Artery and Vienna, radial nerve
12. Big Big Muscle
13. Middle artery. and vein.
14. Surface thoracic muscle
15. Dorsal breast A and Vienna.
16. The widest muscles of the back
17. Skin muscle torso
18. Shoulder artery and vein.
19. Local nerve
20. The addition head of the three-headed arm muscles
21. Caudal Skin Nerve forearm
22. Medial head three-headed shoulder muscles, muscular nerve
23. MARNED NERV
24. Blank part of the deltoid muscle
25. Claureous part of the deltoid muscle
26. Kulvitsa
27. Twitting Muscle Shoulder
28. Cross and elbow
29. Collateral elbow artery and vein
30. Long head three-headed shoulder muscles
31. Beam Wrist Explorer
32. Round Pronator
33. Beam wrist flexor
34. Deep finger flexor
35. Luxury wrist flexor

The anatomical structure of rabbits is very similar to the structure of the body of other mammals, but still has its own characteristics.

Today we will look at the structure of the skeleton, internal organs and the main systems of the organism of these animals.

Skeleton

There are 112 bones in the rabbit skeleton, it is necessary to protect the internal organs and movement. The weight of the skeleton in adults is about 10% of the entire body weight, the young has 15%. The bones of which consists of a skeleton are bound by cartilage, tendons and muscles. The skeleton of the rabbit consists of peripheral and axial.

Did you know? In the wild, the rabbits live quite a little - only 1 year, while the household individuals sometimes wait until 12 years.

Peripheral

This part of the skeleton includes bones of the limbs:

1. Breast, consisting of shoulder bones, blades, brushes, forearm. The brush has a certain amount of bones: Metro-5, Chatting - 9 fingers.
2. Pelvic, having a pelvis, iliac, sedanized and lane bones, legs, hips, feet, 4 fingers and 3 phalanges.

Breast bones and blades are associated with the clavicle, which allows rabbits to make jumps. The spine has rather weak rabbits, the legs too, with hollow bones, so animals often injure their paws and spine.

Axial

This part of the skeleton consists of the main bones - skulls and the ridge.

The structure of the axial skeleton is presented:

1. Skull, consisting of brain and facial departments. The skull is characterized by the presence of moving bones, which are interconnected by certain seams. In the brain department there are 7 bones represented by dark, occipital, temporal and others. The facial department has topless, nasal, teatory, zoomy, chicken bone. The shape of the skull is elongated, the external resemblance to the skull of other mammals can be traced. The main part of the skull is engaged in respiratory and food.
2. The torso characterized by the presence of a spinal column, chest bone, Ryube. The ridge is divided into 5 sites or departments. The rabbit spine is quite flexible, due to the presence of meniscus connecting the vertebrae.

The body of the vertebrals work on compression, while ligaments and muscles connecting the vertebrae between themselves - for stretching.

The main spine departments are presented:

• cervical, consisting of 7 vertebrae;
• breast, consisting of 13 vertebrae, which are connected with the help of the Ryube and form a chest, which contains the heart and lungs;
• lumbar with 7 vertebrae;
• sacral with 4 vertebrae;
• tail with 15 vertebrae.

Important! Meat breeds of rabbits have a vertebral wider than the usual, which often helps breeders in choosing the desired animal when buying.

How developed muscles in rabbits is allowed to prematurely form the concept of the peculiarities of the appearance and taste of meat.

Muscular system of rabbits is presented:

• the muscles of the body, which, in turn, consists of a cross-striped musculature covering absolutely all the muscles of the body;
• the muscles of internal organs, which covers a smooth muscles, covering the respiratory organs, organs of the digestive system, vascular walls.

In rabbits living in cells, the activity is minimal, so the muscular system has few mioglobin and sarcoplasm, which causes a very bright white and pink color of meat. The main activity falls on the paws, so the meat is more damaged.

Little rabbits have a weak muscle system that takes less than 20% of the entire weight of the animal, and as the muscles are growing, and it reaches 40%.

Nervous system

The nervous system of rabbits consists of:

• central, represented by the head and spinal cord;
• peripheral skeletal muscles, vessels and skin nerves.

Hemispheres of the brain of this animal is divided with a small groove, the brain has three departments represented by middle, rear, oblong, each of which is necessary to perform individual functions. For example, due to the oblong department, the operation of the respiratory bodies and blood circulation processes occurs.

The vertebrate canal makes it possible to accommodate the spinal cord, the beginning of which is in the brain, and the end is in the seventh cervical vertebra. The weight of the spinal cord is 3.5 g. The peripheral department consists of spinal, cranial nerves and nerve endings.

This system covers all the processes in the bunny body, which are dealing with blood, that is, the blood formation organs, the lymphatic system, veins, artery and capillaries. Each item is required to perform certain functions.

The organism of the rabbit contains an average of 250-300 ml of blood. In winter, the animal is characterized by a reduced body temperature, which is +37 ° C, in the summer elevated - +41 ° C.

The heart of the rabbit has 4 chambers consisting of two ventricles and two atrials. His weight is 7 g, the situation is the shallower serous cavity. Normal animal pulse - within 140 beats per minute.

Important! If the body temperature of the rabbit increases by 3 degrees in the summer and will be +44 ° C, then it will die.

Digestive system

This system in the body allows me to process food consumed by a rabbit. Full cycle - from getting to processing food in the gastrointestinal tract - is equal to three days.

Teeth

Breeding, rabbits already has 16 teeth, in the process of growth, at 3 week, there is a change of dairy teeth to the indigenous. Adults have 28 teeth, their growth is stable, throughout their lives.

Jaws consist of large incisors intended for solid food, and indigenous, which are necessary for chopping other foods. The food that was crushed with teeth is transported in a throat, the next stage is transporting to the esophagus and stomach.

Stomach

The rabbit is a hollow organ with a volume of about 200 cu. CM, which is capable of developing gastric juice. Gastric rabbit enzymes have high activity, if compared with other animals. The fiber, which is consumed ears, the stomach does not digest, it goes into the intestines.

Intestines

Food remnants with which the stomach could not be copied to the intestine that exercises the final processes of digestion.

The organ is presented:

1. The delicate intestine that is engaged in the splitting of substances, including amino acids that are straightforward in the blood.
2. Tolstish intestine that is engaged in fermentation processes. Food that has not been cleaved and not learned, it turns out under the guise of feces, its number is 0.2 g per day. In the daytime, the feces characterized by a solid form, in the night - soft. Feces that stand out at night, animals eat, at the expense of the necessary proteins, vitamins K and V.

Respiratory system

The respiratory bodies in the rabbit are represented by the nose, throat, tracheans and light, which allow for the organism with oxygen. Inhaling the air, it is in the nose heating, moisturizing, cleansing from impurities. Next begins its promotion, trachea and lungs.

Breathing rabbits rapid compared to other mammals. The norm is considered 280 inhales per minute. Eashastics have accelerated gas exchange processes: consuming about 480 cubic meters. CM oxygen, they highlight 450 cubic meters. CM carbon dioxide.

Sense organs

Oracle possess such senses:

1. Smeanwhich is possible due to recipe cells located in the depths of the nose. Cells have 11 hairs that react to a variety of flavors. Due to the smell, the individuals choose a couple for the challenge, and the female can distinguish their cubs from others by smell.
2. Flavorwhich catches special nipples covering tongue.
3. Touch, the functioning of which occurs with the participation of sensitive skin, located on eyelids, lips, back and forehead. Thanks to this feeling, pets can navigate in space, perceive the temperature differences and avoid overheating, react to pain irritation. Thanks to the mustache, animals can move at night when the cage is completely dark. The hairs located over the centuries allow rabbits to navigate and feel obstacles.
4. Visionwhich is provided by the eyes consisting of an eyeball in the shape of a ball connected with the brain. Rabbits can distinguish between colors, and the feature of view is the farewell and the possibility of orientation in the dark.
5. Human, in connection with the big ears that allow rabbits to determine well and recognize sounds.

GOOD SYSTEM

This system in the organism of rabbits consists of genital and urinary authorities. The urinary organs are necessary to remove the decay products from the body. The amount of urine released directly depends on the age and nutrition of animals. For a day, one individual can allocate no more than 400 ml of urine. The blade canal is very close to the sexual apparatus.

Did you know? Communication of animal among themselves is possible thanks to high-frequency sounds. To capture some of them, individuals can rotate the ears of the sinks in different directions.

Mammals have two oval kidneys, which lie in the lumbar region and are necessary for the implementation of protein decay processes, mineral salts and other substances.

To properly organize rabbit breeding, you need to know basics of Anatomy and Physiology of Animals.

In the body of rabbits, the following organs distinguish between organs: arbitrary movement, digestion, respiration, urinations, reproduction, blood and lymphorage, nervous system, internal secretion, skin cover. Internal organs are shown in the figure.

Arbitrary Movement System consists of passive and active movement authorities.

Bones, cartilage and ligaments are passive bodies. The bones serve as levers for the muscles attaching to them, ligaments connect individual bones, providing the possibility of their movement.

Muscles - active organs of movement. Reducing or relaxing under the influence of nerve irritations, they move those bones to which attached, resulting in the movement of animal or individual parts of its body.

Bones Outside covered with a shell, called periosteum. It has holes, through which the nerves and blood vessels pass into the bone. The outer bed of the bone (under the perception) consists of a dense, and the inner - from the spongy substance, as a result of which the bones are durable and easy. In the voids of the spongy substance there is a bone marrow, one of whose functions is heaver.

Bones are connected to each other movably (ligaments, joints) or motionless (connective or cartilage cloth) and form a skeleton, which serves as a body support and protects internal organs.

The skeleton is made to divide on the stem, or axial (head and torso), and the skeleton of the limbs.

Internal bunny organs:
1 - trachea, 2 - light, 3 - heart, 4 - diaphragm,
5 - Hguese, 6 - Gall Bubble, 7 - Stomach, Spleen,
9 - small intestine, 10 - blind intestine, 11 - thumb,
12 - Livestock, 13 - Kidney, 14 - ureter, 15 - bladder

The muscles carrying out the movements of the rabbit consist of transverse muscle fibers. The groups are covered with a thin connective shell (fascia), a separate muscle into individual muscles, which gives them the opportunity to decline in a certain direction. Depending on the location and work performed, the muscles have a different shape and magnitude. The muscle bones are attached to the tendons, most of which are surrounded by tendon vagina, facilitating their sliding.

Musculature (and skeleton) of the hind limbs is developed at rabbit much better than the front. This is due to the more severe work that the hind limbs perform (digging holes).

System of digestive organs. For the growth and development of animals, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and vitamins are needed. They are contained in different feeds eaten with rabbits, but the body can only be used after pre-processing, which is carried out by the digestive authorities.

TO digestive organs include: mouth cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver.

Rota cavity - the beginning of the digestive tract. It is limited in front of lips, on the sides - cheeks. The upper lip is divided in the middle into two parts by a longitudinal furrow, which makes it possible to rabbit freely nibble various objects.

The newborn rabbit has 16 teeth. On each side of the jaws are located three cutters. The change of teeth begins from the 18th day after birth. Indigenous dairy teeth fall out for 20-28th day. After changing the teeth in the animal there are 28 or 26. In the top of the front, there are 2 large cutters, a couple of small incisors are tightly adjacent to them (sometimes they are missing), at a considerable distance from them from behind (after a toothless edge) on each side of the jaw - 3 false and 3 native ones.

In the lower jaw 12 of the teeth, 2 large cutters, and behind them, after a toothless edge, on each side of the jaw - in 2 false and 3 natives. Rabbit's teeth are deeply going to the jaw, but do not have roots.

The chopped food with teeth is wetted by a weakly alkaline saliva, isolated by the parole, submandibular, sub-band, peeled, sublipped and mandibular salivary glands. The enzyme - diastasis (vestin) contained in saliva translates starch in a soluble form.

Intestine in rabbits In 8 - 10 times the length of the body. Due to the contractions of the muscles of the stomach of food, a separate lump in 7-8 hours goes to the duodenum (but not all, so the rabbit's stomach is never empty). Here the feed is exposed to the pancreatic juices, liver and intestines.

Liver It has 4 main stakes: two left, right and middle. From the latter two strongly developing processes are departed. On the back side of the right share in the recess is a gallbladder, from which the duct falls into the duodenum. The weight of the liver 80-120 is located in the abdominal cavity, adjacent to the concave side of the diaphragm, which is connected by ligaments. The role of the liver in the body is diverse. It produces a large amount of bile (up to 10% body weight per day), containing bile acids, fats, enzymes, some mineral and other substances. Once in the duodenum, bile accelerates the action of enzymes (lipases, amylases), contributes to the dissolution of fats and fatty acids and neutralizing the content of the contents of the stomach entering the intestine, and also enhances the intestinal movement.

Breath system system. The process of gas exchange in the rabbit body, that is, the supply of its oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide, is carried out by the respiratory organs and partially skin.

The respiratory authorities include nasal cavity, larynx, trachea and lungs.

When the rabbit breathing occurs 50-60 respiratory movements per minute. For an hour by 1 kg of weight, it absorbs 478-632 cm 3 of oxygen and highlights 451-632 cm 3 carbon dioxide. The respiratory frequency is determined by the movement of the chest, the abdominal wall (pakhs), the wings of the nose.

System, blood and lymphroda organs. Blood and lymph are of great importance for metabolism and nutrition of all organism cells. Blood consists of a liquid part - plasma, red and white cells and blood plates. It will spread throughout the body and gives the cells the nutrients received from the intestine, oxygen, absorbed in the lungs, and hormones secreted by the glands .. internally secretion. From the cells of the body, it takes unnecessary and harmful life products for it and removes mainly with the help of kidneys and lungs. In addition, blood helps a uniform heat distribution throughout the body.

The total amount of blood is 32-67 ml rabbit (from 4.5 to 6.7% of its weight). Her movement in the blood vessels is ensured by the work of the heart, which is a complex muscular body.

The heart is located in the chest cavity several on the left, within the borders from the rear edge of the 2nd to the rear edge of the 4th edge. The longitudinal partition heart is divided into the right and left half. In each of them there is a transverse partition with a closing valve and a hole separating both heart half to the upper and lower parts. The upper parts are called atrium (left and right), the bottom - ventricles (left and right). The activities of the heart lies in the alternate rhythmic reduction and relaxation of the muscles of his ventricles and atrial. As a result, the blood constantly jesters from the heart into the blood vessels and moves along them. The number of abbreviations of the hearts in rabbits (pulse) is 120-160 per minute. The pulse is well forgiven on the femoral and shoulder arteries and in the front of the lower jaw. For the study of the pulse, finger to the femoral artery is usually pressed.

Blood vessels are elastic branching tubes. The vessels in which blood flows from the heart is called arteries to heart - veins.

The system of breeding organs. The genital organs of the male consist of two male sex glands (semennikov with their appendages), two seeds, penis and apparent glands. In adult rabbits, the seeds are located in a steam scrotum, and young people (up to 3 months of age) are usually in the inguinal strokes.

Physiological maturity Rabbits occurs early by medium breeds to 3-3.5 months, in large - by 3.5-4 months.

Well-developed middle breeds can be happening without harm to their further growth, as well as the quality of offspring in 4-5 months of age, and females of large breeds - in a 5-month-month.

In the sexual cycle of these animals there are features. After the occurrence of sexual maturity, the activity of the germ proceeds without clearly pronounced seasonal periods. Females can be fertilized and bring the range at any time of the year. They are able to be fertilized from the next day after okrol and fully combine the periods of suburbanity and lactation.

The sex hunt for females in the warm season is manifested every 5-6 days, in winter it is somewhat less. The release of egg (ovulation) occurs 10-12 hours after mating. From each ovary goes to the egg 3-9 egg cells. The male during mating highlights 1-2 ml of sperm. After 15-20 minutes, the spermatozoa penetrate the eggs and after 2-2.5 hours reach the opposite of their end. Fertilization of eggs usually occurs in the eggs.

Intrauterine development of the fruit It happens very quickly: after 10-12, the embryos reach 0.3 mm, they are attached to the end of the uterus on the 8th day, on the 13-15th, they can be patched through the abdominal wall, on the 16th embryos begin to move. By the 30th day (birth time), the weight of each rabbit is from 40 to 90 g, depending on the breed of rabbits, the number of rabbits and the conditions of feeding the uterus.

Okrol. Rarbbles flow easily and continues from 10 minutes to one hour. The females fully combine the period of pregnancy and lactation and can be fertilized, as already mentioned, the next day after Okrol.

Nervous system It has very important for the vital activity of the body. It is divided into central and peripheral.

The central belongs to the head and spinal cord consisting of a gray and white brain substance. The gray brainstatus is built of nerve cells, white - from their processes, which are conductive paths connecting various brain departments with each other, as well as a brain with spinal.

Skin covering Protects the rabbit from harmful external influences - traumatic damage, and microbes. In addition, the skin is a tanging organ, participates in heat exchange, breathing and metabolism. In animals of some breeds (white giant, flanld, etc.) The skin forms a large fold on the chest - pyrical.

Rabbits have no strictly pronounced seasonal shifts of hair change - molts. Adult animals usually linen in the spring (March - April) and autumn (September - October). Link flows gradually

1-1.2 months, first usually on the uplift and front part of the ridge, trouser, sides and zelzka. Linening areas become bluetic due to accumulation of coloring substance (pigment). On the placement of blotted spots on the skin of the rabbit (skin color is clearly visible when the wool is inflated), the places where the molting is currently occurred. White rabbits pigment in the skin is not formed, the place of passage of molts is determined by the short-growing hair. In addition to the spring and autumn lines in adult rabbits in the summer, there is a "fall out of the isois.

The young man has a change of hair occurs differently. Rabbles are born naked. By the 30-day age, their primary hair cover reaches full development. Then the first age molt begins, which continues to 3.5-4 months of age. The second age molt occurs from 4-4.5 to

6.5-7 months of age. It proceeds in the following stages: the first stage - the lower part of the neck begins to lift; The second molting applies to the inferction, forming a similarity of the rings around the neck; The third - all the uplifts, ridge and abdomen; The fourth - molting falls from the ridge, rises with a bouse on the sides; The fifth - on the sides remain wide bands of the unbearable old hair; Six - on-site lanes are small areas with old hair; The seventh stage - molt ends on the hips and zelzka.

Each stage lasts 10-15 days.

In the cold season and during the outer content of rabbits, the molk flows intensively and the hairproke is growing more thick than in the warmth and when the rabbits are kept in rabbits.

On the formation and growth of new hair during molting requires a significant amount of nutrients. With good full feeding, the molt is accelerated, with bad - slows down, the hair grows more subtle, brittle, matte. During molting animals lose weight, the young people are delayed. During this period, the hair cover animals becomes less dense and worse protects them from the cold. Therefore, with a molt, it is necessary to strengthen the feeding of rabbits, to protect them from the cold.

Body temperature rabbit. The skin plays an important role in thermoregulation (maintaining a certain temperature in the body), protects animals from the influence of the changeable temperature of the external environment. The body temperature of rabbits varies depending on the external air temperature: at 5 ° it is 37.5, at 10 ° -38, at 20 ° - 38.7, at 30-35 ° - 40.5, at 40 ° -41, 6 °. The temperature of the rabbit leather, besides, it happens unequal in different parts of the body. With cold weather, energy costs for warming the body increase, so in winter rabbits it is necessary to give feed by 30-35% more. Body temperature in rabbits is determined in the rectum.

Rabbits are sensitive to overheating, as a result of which they have thermal blows. If the air temperature is very high (42-43 °), animals are gradually overheated, the temperature of their body reaches 44-45 °, and they die. With a 45-degree frost, they are able to maintain a normal body temperature for an hour, during which it is necessary to take measures to insulate the cells.

The structure of the internal organs and the skeleton of the rabbit is similar to the anatomy of other vertebrates, but there are still some differences. Today we will consider in more detail all the components of the skeleton of the rabbit and the features of other vital organs - such information will be useful for all novice farmers. Let's proceed.

The bone animal system performs both support and protective functions, and the rabbit cable consists more than two hundred bones. So, in an adult bunny bone occupy about ten percent of body weight, and the rabbit is up to fifteen percent of body weight. This system is binding to the cartilage, muscle tissues and tendons.

Note! Rabbits of meat and meat-eye-eye rocks bone occupy a smaller volume of weight.

Peripheral

This group includes:

1. Front paws (sternum limbs). Consist of forearm, shoulder bones, belts and brushes. There is a certain amount of bones on each brush: five metalliac and five crew (fingers).
2. Rear paws (pelvic, lower limbs). Consist of a pelvic, iliac bone, sedanistic bone, hips, stop (four fingers and three phalanges).

The bones of the sternum and the belt are associated with each other by the collar, which allows animals to perform jumps. The vertebrate department in these individuals is a weak place, as well as weighty bones of the limbs, so the raws often receive damage to the back or legs.

Axial

This group includes bones of the cranial box and the ridge:

1. Cranial box. Facial bones are movable, combined between themselves peculiar seams. The brain department includes bones: temporal, bone of the nape, the dice of the pattern. The facial department includes: the bone of the upper jaw, as well as the nasal, parallers, tear bones. The cranial box in rabbits has an oblong shape, as in most of the majority mammals. The main part is occupied by the organs of the respiratory and digestive system.
2. Corps (chest bone, vertebral pole, ribs). The spine in an adult rabbit consists of several parts that we will consider in more detail. Plasticity provides cartilaginous gaskets that perform the role of shock absorbers. They are connected to each other.

Note! The most wide spine is available in individuals of meat breeds. The value of such characteristics allows the farmer to make the right animal selection for breeding.

Muscles

The taste of meat products and the appearance of the rabbit depend on the features of the structure of the muscular system. Reducing muscles occurs under the influence of nerve impulses.

There are muscle species:

1. Muscles torso. Represented by cross-striped muscles. This group includes all muscles.
2. Muscles of indoors. Present smooth muscles. For example, the capillary walls, the walls of the respiratory or digestive system.

The lifestyle of the ramp does not imply workouts, so their muscles are not sufficiently saturated with oxygen-binding protein myofamus. Their meat has a light pink color, but a bit darker in the limbs area.

Immediately after birth, the kids have a poorly developed muscle system, which is 22% of the whole mass. With the process of growing up, it increases to 42%.

Important moment! The meat of adult animals is a bit of calorie, than the meat of young. You can read in our special article.

Cell prices for rabbits

Cage for rabbits

Nervous system

This system consists of:

• cNS bodies;
• the nerves of the muscles of the skeleton, skin, capillaries (peripheral system).

The brain of rabbits, like all living beings, is divided into two hemispheres: right and left, it is located inside the cranial box. At the same time, the brain still has several departments (central, rear and bulbus). Each of them has a functional purpose. For example, Bullbus regulates the operation of respiratory organs and cardiovascular system.

Inside the spinal canal is the center of the nervous system, which passes from the brain to the 7th cervical vertebra. Its weight is a little more than three grams. It consists of gray and white substance.

The cardiovascular system

This system includes everything that has a connection with blood: blood formation organs (spleen), lymph nodes, arteries and any vessels. Each of them is responsible for a specific function. For example, a spleen that has a lot of slightly more grams, adjusts blood pressure. The bone marrow function is the production of red blood cells.

Note! Timus is responsible for stimulating blood formation. In newborns, he is small, about two grams, but in time increases.

In the body of these animals circulates about 275 ml of blood. The body temperature of healthy individuals during the cold season is 38 degrees, and in warm - 39-40 degrees. With too high temperatures, a hyperthermia happens in the rabby, which leads to death. The heart of rodents consists of 4 cameras, paired ventricles and atrium, and its mass is about 7 grams. The heart rate has up to 155 shots per minute.

Digestion

The digestive system organs allow you to split any food that enters the organism of rabbits. Products pass through the entire gastrointestinal tract for three days.

Newborn individuals have sixteen milk teeth, but after a while they fall out and are replaced by indigenous. Through grumbling races already twenty-eight indigenous teeth. They grow gradually throughout the life of animals. They have large cutters that allow the rabbes to cope with hard food.

After swallowing food, first falls into the larynx, and from there already in the esophagus and stomach. The stomach is empty inside, its volume is up to two hundred cubic centimeters, it is necessary for the production of hydrochloric acid. Experts note that the rabbits in rabbits are more active compared to other mammals. Even plant food is not cleaving here, it immediately enters the intestines, where the final process of digestion occurs.

Table number 1. The structure of the intestines of the caster.

Video - Features of the digestion of the collies

Prices on feed for rabbits

Compound feed for rabbits

Respiratory system

The respiratory system of rodents includes nose, larynx, trachea and a pair body - lungs. All these organs provide animals by air. After inhalation, it passes the stage of filtration, moisturizing, heats up, then goes into the throat, then into the lungs along the binding tubes.

It is important to remember that rabbits breathe more intense than other animals. For 60 seconds, they are able to do about 280 breaths. In addition, they have an active gas exchange process.

Sense organs

Rabbits have the following sense authorities:

1. Smellation (smell perception). The receptors that have a kind of small hairs are responsible for this process (located in the nasal pass). Thanks to which animals can feel any flavors. So, the rabbit will be able to distinguish his cubs from others.
2. Taste. Special receptors that are in tongue and sky are helping to recognize the taste.
3. Touch (tactile perception). Sensitivity is observed in rabbits in the area of \u200b\u200bthe skin of the eye, the pattern, mouth and back. Animals react to pain, temperature, oriented in space.
4. Vision. Rabbits see this world in color paints. Their main apples have a rounded shape, they are connected to the head. At close range, the rabbits see a little better.
5. Hearing. Rabbits have obsted ear shells, thanks to which they can hear everything that happens around. Suitable sounds, they communicate with each other, turning the ears to the sides.

Note! The breed of rabbits with hanging ears is distinguished by bad hearing. They were displayed with an artificial way, so they will not survive in a natural habitat.

Note! When moving in complete darkness, the mustache of rabbits play an important role that helps them navigate in space.

Selection and reproductive systems

This system is both reproductive and urinary bodies. Functions of the second is the removal of residual products from the body. The amount of urins that accumulates per day depends on age characteristics. For 24 hours in the body of each rabbit, up to 380 ml of urin is produced, it is saturated with uric acid and ammonia. The urinary channel is located next to the bodies of the reproductive system.

These animals have two kidneys, each of which is located in the lower back. They are necessary for cleavage of proteins, salts and other substances.

Urina is constantly formed, first moves from the kidneys along the connecting tubes, and then output. In healthy rabbits urine has a golden brown color. Overly yellow or too turbid urine is a sign of disease in the body.

Reproductive organs

Miscipal animals have some differences. The crises reproductive system consists of the following:

• two eggs;
• seed cakes;
• appendages;
• penis.

In females, the reproductive system is represented by the following bodies:

• uterus;
• ovary;
• egg duct;
• vagina.

The reproductive organ of the rabbit is divided into two parts. This feature allows you to simultaneously nail the young manufacturers from different males.

In order to pairing between the animals, the female is sent to the cell to the male in the occurrence of signs of sex hunting. In addition, a week before this process, their organism is saturated with special vitamin feeds. The male is useful during this period feed the boiled potatoes.

Video - Rabbit Function: Features

Endocrine glands

This system includes the following bodies:

The hormones come immediately into the blood, since they do not have other ways to withdraw. The adrenal glands are responsible for the regulation of water-fat metabolism in the body. The lack of some glands leads to various violations in the work of the body.

Mammary gland

All rabbits have mammary glands and nipples, only the kroes are in the form of rudiments and are small protrusions above the skin.

The development of the gland is in nursing females. They look like white formations protruding over skin, are located on both sides of the belly. Each milk iron goes into the nipple, with dairy passages. Depending on the dimensions of the rabbit and its breed, it happens from 4 to 12 pairs of nipples.

How to choose a healthy rabbit?

It is important for breeding to choose only strong, healthy representatives of one or another breed, so novice farmers need to be attentive when buying pets. It should be borne in mind that unscrupulous vendors often try to sell patients or defective animals.

Rabbit Choice: Step-by-step instructions

Step 1. It is necessary to observe the behavior of rabbits. These animals behave actively, move around the cage, and healthy rabby will definitely not sit in one place.

Compact on the body - a sign of improper content

Note! If possible, the seller should find out information about the vaccination of the livestock. Rabbits often die from viral and infectious diseases during the epidemic, therefore rabbits make vaccinations in advance.

Only knowing the features of the anatomy of rodents, you can recognize the presence of a pathological process in the body and to give an animal. Therefore, information on the structure of these rodents is mandatory for all rabbit times. We hope you have learned her carefully.