Functional disorders. Functional intestinal disorders Functional intestinal disorder

Functional intestinal disorder is a pathological process associated with the impairment of nutrients. It manifests itself in the form of spasms and pain in the abdomen, meteorism, diarrhea or constipation. The disease can develop in a person of any age, regardless of sexuality. The reasons contributing to its occurrence, many: constant stress, acute and chronic intestinal infections, dysbacteriosis, individual intolerance to some food products, genetic predisposition.

Often the FRZHT accompanies diabetes mellitus, inflammation of the organs of the genitourinary system in women, oncological diseases. The provoking factors are considered: consumption of oily, fried and salted food, plant fiber; Surgical interventions in the abdominal cavity.

Disturbing of the digestive system promotes long-term antibacterial, cytostatic and hormonal therapy. Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are often found in people who have bad habits. In children, such diseases are developing against the background of intestinal infections, food poisoning and gliste invasions. Since there are many causes of the disease, it is not possible to identify them. Treatment should be started with the elimination of provoking factors - exceptions from the diet of certain products, refusing to harmful habits and excessive physical exertion.

Clinical picture of the disease

The characteristic symptoms of the FRCT are pain in the abdomen, increasing after the proceeds of food, emotional overvoltage or stress. Increased gas formation is accompanied by hydration and belching. Another feature of the intestinal functional disorder is nausea, often the ending attack of vomiting. The belching usually occurs through which time after meals is connected with involuntary diaphragm reductions, pushing gases from the stomach. Diarrhea develops against the background of strong irritation of the intestinal mucous membranes. Callery masses have a dark color, the act of defecation is accompanied by severe pain syndrome. The chair happens to 8 times a day.

Such a state with time is replaced by constipation, defecation occur less than 3 times a week. This symptom may be associated with incorrect power, in which there are no products that stimulate the peristaltics in the diet. This form of intestinal disorders is characteristic of children and the elderly. Tenses are false poses to defecation, accompanied by spasms and painful sensations. During the day, up to 20 attacks are observed.

Intestinal disorders in gliscate invasions are characterized by the appearance of bleeding impurities in the cartoons. In addition to typical signs, FRZHT can have both common. The symptoms of the body intoxication are manifested in the form of general weakness, respiratory failure, reinforced sweating and increasing temperature. Violation of intestinal functions is negatively reflected in the skin condition. Angry rash, psoriasis, erythema - signals of the failure of the digestive system. There is a decrease in the amount of collagen produced and accelerated skin aging. Chronic forms of intestinal dysfunction contribute to the development of arthritis, heart failure, urolithiasis, hypertension and diabetes.

In children, FRZHT has several other symptoms. The child's body is harder to transfer diarrhea and the pathological conditions associated with it. The disease is distinguished by a protracted flow and in all cases requires immediate treatment. The usual diarrhea often develops into dysbacteriosis. Incorrect intestinal operation negatively affects endocrine, nervous and immune systems. The child often sick, becomes sluggish, apathetic, inattentive.

Diagnosis and treatment of disease

If the FRZhT acquires a chronic character, it is necessary to contact the gastroenterologist. A full examination of the digestive system will detect the cause of disorders. A nutritionist is a specialist who will help the patient to choose a power scheme based on the existing disease. Diagnostics begins with inspection and survey of the patient, laboratory and hardware research methods - blood analysis, uriria and feces, FGDS, colonoscopy, irrigoscopy and computed tomography.

Based on the results of the survey, the final diagnosis is made, the degree of functional disorders is determined. In each 5 case, the cause of FRCT is psychological disorders. In such cases, the course of treatment includes psychotherapeutic techniques. Mandatory is to change the lifestyle and diet. Successful treatment of the disease is impossible without identifying and eliminating its cause.

Medical therapy is prescribed in the chronic flow of a pathological process that contributes to the deterioration of the general condition of the body. These may be laxatives, fixing or antibacterial drugs, prebiotics. Antidepressants are used in psychosomatic disorders.

Additionally, physiotherapeutic procedures are appointed: autotrehenings, swimming, exercises, exercise, yoga, massage and therapeutic baths. Folk treatments imply the reception of decoctions and informations of medicinal plants. The most effective in the FRCT is the peppermint, chamomile, mustard powder, the bark of the Duma and partitions of walnuts. With violation of the intestinal functions caused by melted invasions, the grass of the vegetables or a hollow bitter is used. All of these funds should be applied only with the permission of the doctor, self-treatment is unacceptable.

Functional intestinal disorder is a violation of a gastroenterological nature, in which the corresponding symptoms is observed: pain in the abdomen, nausea and vomiting, abdominal syndrome. Functional disorders are found at any age.

Most often there is a functional intestinal impairment in the lower and upper departments. The clinical picture with such gastroenterological problems does not have a specific nature, therefore, it is impractical, since this may lead to extremely negative consequences without precise diagnosis.

Diagnostics will include a wide range of activities both laboratory and instrumental. Based on the results of the survey, treatment will be assigned. Therapy can be carried out both radical and conservative methods.

In this case, to make long-term forecasts are quite difficult: everything will depend on the root cause, the severity of the pathology and general patient health indicators. Code on the ICD-10: K58-59.

Etiology

The intestinal functional disorder may be a consequence of such factors as:

As for drugs that can provoke a functional intestinal disorder, here you need to highlight the following:

• psychotropic;
• antibiotics;
• hormonal;
• hypotensive;
• antacids;
• antitumor.

Intestinal disorder In children in the first year of life, it is not always a consequence of certain pathological processes in the body. It is due to the fact that in the first months of life there is a gastrointestinal tract. If we consider the pathological basis of the fact that the intestinal functional disorder is developing in children, such factors should be distinguished here as:

• early administration of dust;
• unbalanced diet;
• incorrectly chosen mixture;
• incorrect mother meals, if the child is on breastfeeding.

It is possible to determine the cause of violation of the gastrointestinal tract only by carrying out the necessary diagnostic measures and studying personal anamnesis. Therefore, it is not strongly treated at its discretion.

Classification

Functional intestinal disorder includes the following pathological processes:

• functional;
• functional diarrhea;
• functional;
• non-specific functional disorder - about this form they speak in cases where the clinical picture does not have specific symptoms, therefore, it is not possible to assume the reason for the disorders of the gastrointestinal tract for symptoms only.

Based on the nature of the clinical picture, the following forms of this gastroenterological disease are distinguished:

• dyspepsic;
• painful;
• mixed.

Taking into account the type of violation of the digestive tract, consider such forms:

• hypersthenic;
• normostic;
• hypostenic;
• asthenic.

It should be noted that the symptoms of almost all types of such a gastroenterological disease is nonspecific, so diagnosis and treatment are difficult.

Symptomatics

The intestinal functional disorder is not always a separate disease. In fact, it is a symptomatic complex, which manifests itself when the effects of certain etiological factors.

The clinical picture may include the following:

• violation of the frequency and consistency of the chair - constipation and diarrhea alternate, the carte masses change their consistency, may contain impurities of mucus and blood, and in some diseases, diarrhea attacks can be up to 15 times a day, regardless of the diet;
• which can be accompanied by vomiting - in most cases occurs after meals, and it does not always bring relief;
• , with an unpleasant odor or air;
• increased, feeling of the overflow of the stomach, even if a person uses a minimum amount of food;
• - the duration and localization of the manifestation of this symptom will depend on the root cause;
• increased sweating;
• unstable blood pressure;
• dizziness;
• weakness increasing ailment;
• ritch in stomach, bloating.

The frequency of attacks will depend on the root cause. If such a violation of the scope of the gastrointestinal scope is due to improper power, then the clinical picture is symptomatic.

Diagnostics

Due to the nonspecifications of the clinical picture, as mentioned above, careful diagnosis is required: only in this way can determine the cause and appoint effective treatment.

First of all, the gastroenterologist conducts a physical examination of a patient with a palpation of an abdominal cavity.

During this stage of inspection, you should find out:

• how long ago began to flow symptoms and what they preceded;
• the duration and nature of the flow of a clinical picture;
• patient lifestyle, especially its food.

Also necessarily studies the history of the disease.

In addition, conduct:

• general clinical and detailed biochemical blood test;
• general urine analysis;
• calais analysis is a common, on hidden blood, on the eggs of helminths;
• endoscopic studies of the gastrointestinal tract;
• Ultrasound abdominal cavity;
• radiography of the stomach with a contrasting agent.

In general, the diagnostic program will be individually compiled, depending on the data that were collected during the primary inspection and the current clinical picture.

Treatment

The course of therapy will depend on the root cause. Specific treatment is not required if the disorder is due to errors in nutrition or the method of medication. In such cases, the diet correction and cancel or replace the drug, respectively.

Medical therapy can be based on the reception of the following drugs:

• sorbents;
• probiotics and prebiotics;
• to improve the stomach motility;
• enzymes;
• binders;
• antiemetic;
• spasmolytics.

If conservative therapy does not give proper result or it will be ineffective in a specific case, it will take the operation.

Regardless which the main method of treatment is elected, a diet is assigned to the patient. A specific dietary table gastroenterologist will choose individually.

In most cases, the forecast is favorable, but therapy needs to be started in a timely manner: only in this case the development of serious complications can be avoided.

Prevention

Regarding the prevention, such recommendations should be allocated:

• the diet must be balanced;
• need and correctly treat all diseases that are not only related to the gastrointestinal tract;
• moderate physical exertion should be included in its daily mode.

Systematically needed to undergo a medical examination, as this will help you to detect the disease and start its therapy.

Related Materials

The diverticulus of the esophagus is a pathological process, which is characterized by deforming the wall of the esophagus and to protrude all its layers in the form of a bag towards the mediastinum. In the medical literature, the diverticulus of the esophagus also has another name - an esophageal diverticulus. In the gastroenterology, it is precisely such a localization of bag-shaped protrusion about forty percent of cases. Most often, pathology is diagnosed with male representatives who stepped over the fifty-year-old frontier. But it is also worth noting that usually such persons have one or more predisposing factors - ulcerative illness of the stomach, cholecystitis and others. Code on the ICD 10 - the acquired type K22.5, the diverticulous of the esophagus - Q39.6.

Distal esophagitis is a pathological condition, which is characterized by the progression of the inflammatory process in the lower part of the esophageal tube (located closer to the stomach). Such a disease may proceed both in acute and chronic form, and is often not the main, but a concomitant pathological state. Acute or chronic distal esophagitis can develop from any person - neither the age category, nor the sexuality of the role play. The medical statistics such that more often, pathology progresses in people able-bodied age, as well as in the elderly.

Candidal esophagitis is a pathological condition in which the loss of the walls of this body is observed from the genus candidate. Most often, they first affect the oral mucous meal (the initial department of the digestive system), after which they penetrate into the esophagus, where they begin to reproduce actively, thereby provoking the manifestation of a characteristic clinical picture. Neither gender affiliation nor the age category does not affect the development of the pathological condition. Symptoms of candidiasis esophagitis can manifest themselves both in small children and adults of people from the middle and older age group.

Erosyphagitis - a pathological condition, in which the mucous membraid is affected by the dystal and other departments of the esophageal tube. It is characterized by the fact that under the influence of various aggressive factors (mechanical impact, the use of too hot food, chemicals, causing burns, and so on) the mucous membrane is gradually thinned, and erosion is formed on it.

Medical terms Functional intestinal disorders are taken to combine pathology, when several functions are violated, mainly of the middle and lower sections of the intestinal tract caused by organic, biochemical, abnormal (tumors) changes. The symptoms of the state is diverse and depends on the causes of pathology. The condition is not diagnosed with standard methods, and requires more in-depth analysis conducted in the complex. Therapy is prescribed depending on the causes and prevailing symptoms of the violation. In case of early responding, the forecast is favorable.

What is this pathology?

The intestinal dysfunction is classified as a pathological process that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and a change in the performance of the organ. Preferably, the functions of the lower and middle intestinal department are preferably discharged, which is manifested by constant abdominal pain syndrome, discomfort, bloody and other violations in the behavior of the body in the absence of known factors.

In older children and infants, the nature of intestinal dysfunction infectious or non-infectious. Determine the cause, only the doctor of the children's profile is capable of choosing treatment.

Classification

Disorder of intestinal functions, depending on the prevailing symptom, is divided into the following types:

• functional constipation, diarrhea or meteorism;
• functional abdominal pain.

In turn, each type is divided into the following subtypes:

1. Violation characterized by diarrhea:
   • with impurities of mucus 2-4 r. / day., more often in the morning or after breakfast;
   • with sudden, irresistible urges for defecation;
   • with a retreat at night.
2. Disorder manifested in the form of constipation:
   • duration of 2 days or more;
   • alternately arising after diarrhea;
   • with a feeling of incomplete emptying, a lintel-shaped chair or masses by the type of "Sheep Cala".
3. Dysfunction with the predominance of abdominal pain syndrome and meteorism, characterized by:
   • grapple-shaped pain with increased gas formation;
   • pain in tackling the spashed zones of the intestine;
   • in amplifying discomfort during the urges to the toilet and weakening after the defecation.

The main symptoms of violations

When the intestinal operation is broken, the following characteristic symptoms appear:

Chronic intestinal dysfunction is manifested by arthritis, in the functioning of the cardiovascular system, stone-forming in the kidneys, the appearance of frequent convulsions, jumps of blood pressure and the development of VDCs (dystonia). In each case, the symptomatics is different, so the presence of all symptoms is simultaneously impossible.

Characteristic manifestations of infants or more adult patient:

• decrease in immunity;
• weakness, lethargy;
• irritability;
• pronounced inattention.

Causes and factors of intestinal functional disorder

Functional intestinal disorder Uncomfortable can be provoked by two main factors:

• exogenous, that is, external, often caused by psycho-emotional failures;
• endogenous, that is, internal, developing against the background of the fall of visceral sensitivity, weak intestinal motor activity.

Causes of children

Provocateurs problems in adults

The main reason for the irritable intestinal syndrome is stress and intensive lifestyle, there are a number of provocateurs factors that do not allow the intestinal tract to work normally:

• chronic fatigue, stress;
• neurosis, hysteria;
• violation of the usual power mode;
• unhealthy daily menu;
• insufficient drink;
• long use of antibiotics;
• dysbacteriosis;
• infections, poisoning;
• gynecological problems in women;
• hormonal failures during menopause, pregnancy, menstruation.

Diagnostics

For a thorough examination, you need to contact a specialist.

With the appearance of suspicious discomfort in the intestine, contact a specialist for a careful examination of the body. Consultation is needed at the therapist, which will determine a narrow specialist for further inspection. We are talking about a gastroenterologist, a nutritionist, a proctologist, a neurologist, psychotherapist. The functional disorder of the intestines is uncomplicated is diagnosed as follows:

1. consultation of specialists of narrow regions;
2. physical inspection, evaluation of complaints;
3. general urine tests, blood, feces (deployed coprogram);
4. colonoscopy, rectoscopy, irrigoscopy;

A disturbed function is diagnosed, as is the provocating factor, based on the current exclusion technique.

Pathology therapy

An important reminder to everyone who suffers from intestinal dysfunction is a refusal of amateur performance. Any self-mediation is fraught with severe consequences, weighing symptoms. Successful therapy is considered the correct definition of the causal factor and its effective elimination. Important is the stabilization of all organs of the digestive tract.

General rules

The therapy of intestinal disorder is based on a cardinal change in lifestyle and nutrition. To do this, patients are advised to adhere to such rules:

1. Not nervous, avoid stressful situations.
2. Regularly relax, meditate, take a warm bath.
3. Sports and make simple exercises if the work is sitting (prevention of constipation).
4. Refuse alcohol, coffee, smoking.
5. More often walking out in the fresh air, relax.
6. Use lactic acid bacteria and probiotic products (fermented yogurts, cheeses, kefirs).
7. Avoid snacks in bars, restaurants with a dubious reputation.
8. Restrict the use of fresh fruits and vegetables with diarrhea.
9. Making a massage of the abdomen, perform aerobic charging.

Functional disorder

The term used to describe any mental disorder that does not have a limit organic cause. There is a significant discrepancy in the views on what can be considered a functional disorder. Adherents of the biological model of anelfability argue that ultimately any mental disorder should have an organic cause. So far, these reasons are not set, the diagnosis of "functional disorder" is made in the presence of sufficient evidence of the contribution of social or psychological factors in the development of disorder.

Psychology. AND I. Dictionary directory / trans. from English K. S. Tkachenko. - M.: Fair Press. Mike Cordwell. 2000.

Watch what is a "functional disorder" in other dictionaries:

Functional disorder - - any disorder of the function, the cause of which is not organic pathology. The term usually denotes: a) disorders at which there is no known organic cause (for example, a fugue in value 1); b) disorders about which ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy

Functional disorder - A common term to designate any disorder caused by some known organic pathology. In real practice, this term is used to designate (a) those disorders at which there is no no ... ...

Organic Disorder (ORGANIC DISORDER) - Disorder, which is accompanied by changes in the structure of any organ or tissue. For comparison: Functional disorder. Source: Medical Dictionary ... Medical terms

Organic frustration - (Organic Disorder) Disorder, which is accompanied by changes in the structure of any organ or tissue. For comparison: Functional disorder ... Explanatory Dictionary of Medicine

Functional Disorder (Functional Disorder) - A condition in which a person complains about the symptoms, for the occurrence of which there is no organic cause. Often, such a state indicates what either the human mental violation in humans. For comparison: disorder ... ... Medical terms

Functional disorder - (FUNCTIONAL DISORDER) A condition in which a person complains about the symptoms, for which there is no organic cause. Often, such a state indicates what either the human mental violation in humans. For comparison: ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Medicine

F80.0 Specific speech articulation disorder - a specific development disorder, in which the use of speech sounds below the level corresponding to his mental age, but in which there is a normal level of speech skills. Diagnostic instructions: age acquisition ... ... Classification of Mental Disorders MKB-10. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic directions. Research diagnostic criteria - Somato-like disorder, characterized by the conversion of a mental conflict in a somatic form. The resulting functional impairment can manifest itself superficially, have physical or psychological reasons, but often ... ... Explanatory dictionary of psychology

Functional disorder is a disease, when one or more features of the body are not normal, but the problem has no pronounced organic causes, and does not arise as a result of stress or psychological problems. Functional disorders can be difficult to diagnose and treatment, and may also be conclusted about the illness from several doctors to make sure that the patient has an appropriate disease. It is important to know that, although the reasons may be psychological, but it has not reached these symptoms, and the patient is experiencing real physiological problems, even if the reason is difficult to determine.
A typical example of a functional disorder is chronic pain without a certain reason. Some people develop chronic pain, in response to inflammation or injury, and in their cases, the origin of such a state that is easy to understand. Other people may experience chronic pain without explicit cause. They do not have a major disease or injury in history, which could explain this pain, but the feeling of pain is genuine and the patient experiences relief from anesthesia, electrical stimulation of nerves and other measures.

Some mental illness can be associated with a functional disorder. Patients with depression may experience symptoms, such as acute pain or soreness of the joints, or fatigue, without a clear physiological cause, such as injury or lack of sleep. People can also experience changes in the functioning of the brain in combination with a psychological problem, although this condition does not necessarily cause brain anomalies.

In certain medical specialties, the term "functional disorder" can be used for different ways, and this can lead to confusion. For orthopedic surgeons, such disorders are congenital defects for the development of bone tissue, and they do not have origin, in the form of a problem with development. When they use this term, it does not mean that the patient acquired a medical problem at no reason.

The treatment of functional disorders can be possible without any narrowing cause, and in some cases, doctors can attribute conditions with potential organic reasons for unknown sources, because the emphasis is on treatment, and not finding out why the patient has developed this state in the first place . For patients who are not sure that the doctor says when it uses this term, it may be useful to seek explanations. Also for patients may be important to make sure that they take appropriate measures to avoid future episodes of disease or violations of functions.