Muscle spasm in child causes. The main principles of treatment of cramps in infants

Temperature in children under 6 may be accompanied by a very unpleasant and frightening phenomenon - cramps. This happens in about 5% of cases. At the sight of this, many parents fall into panic, thinking that convulsions can threaten the life of the baby.

However, are there any spasms at temperatures in small children so dangerous? How to determine why it happened, and what to do if convulsions appeared at high temperatures? Does it be necessary to apply for a doctor? To do this, it is necessary to understand the real cause of seizures at a temperature: knowledge of this question will help to identify the danger to the health of crumbs if it is.

Causes

Spasmodic seizures in hyperthermia are also called febrile convulsions. At what temperature starts seizures in a child? They start at temperatures above 38 ºС. IN some cases They occur at temperatures below this.

Hyperthermia with convulsive manifestations is caused by cold, respiratory infections, and all that is capable of causing a feverish state. Sometimes it may even be teething.

The main cause of convulsion on the background high temperatures Young children have imperfection nervous system. Children's organism It is still developing, and therefore the processes of excitation in the brain are stronger than braking processes. Spasms - the result of the corresponding processes in the cerebral cortex.

One of the contributing factors - heredity. If relatives, especially the parents, in childhood there was a similar reaction of the body at the temperature, it increases the predisposition to such manifestations from their children. It affects the presence of epilepsy from someone from close relatives.

Fabry convulsions in children under 6 years are not a disease. This feature of the children's nervous system, and it does not harm health.

Do not think right away that the baby has epilepsy. It is diagnosed with only 2% of children with febrile cramps. However, if you encountered this phenomenon, consult a doctor to eliminate the risk of presence of serious diseases.

If a spasms with hyperthermia are observed in children over 6 years old - this is an alarming mark.

Details about the reasons of convulsion when they may appear:

The most affordable antipyretic is the instructions for use will help you to stop the temperature rise in time.

You can use in the form of a syrup for completely crumbs ibuprofen: instructions for use for children and other aspects of its reception - in.

Sometimes as an antipyretic doctor prescribes Nurofen syrup, dosage for children and precautions -.

A number of diseases can be shown by convulsions:

Symptoms and signs

Clear can easily recognize. They are manifested in different ways depending on the type, but they are difficult to confuse with something else.

Here are their main types:

• Local - for them are characterized by twitching the limbs and the rigging of the eyes. Such spasms capture individual muscle groups.
• Tonic - They act on the whole body, therefore are accompanied by unnatural voltage, bending or straightening limbs that are replaced by twitching parts of the body.
• ATONIC - the opposite of tonic spasms is expressed in complete relaxation of all muscles, sometimes accompanied by involuntary urination or defecation.

During spasms, the crumb does not respond to the exposure from the outside, it can hold the breath, look aside. Sometimes the baby even lights skin. In some cases, he loses consciousness.

Usually muscle contractions last not more than 15 minutes. The attacks can be repeated several times.

How to recognize febrile spasms and distinguish them from others

Sometimes the described phenomenon can still be confused with others. For example, depending on the nature of convulsions, with twisted in a dream or epileptic seizure.

This phenomenon occurs only with hyperthermia. If the child is less than 6 years old, and you encountered similar symptomsMost likely, these are febrile convulsions, because of all children suffering from convulsive phenomena, the epilepsy is sick with only 2%.

Sometimes the attacks begin in a dream. If you have noticed that in a dream, at a temperature of a child, cramps in legs or hands, he pulls the limbs or wounds the body, wake it up. If the baby does not immediately respond to your actions, it does not hear you and seem to be unconscious, it means that there are febrile cramps. After that, he can complain about pain or not at all can explain what happened.

To know if the son or daughter of the epilepsy does not suffer, it is necessary to make an electroencephalogram. Only on the basis of the results of this procedure may be diagnosed.

What cramps appear at high temperatures in the baby or a child older, will show the video:

Possible consequences

The febrile convulsions that took place in early childhood do not affect the further life and human health. The only danger that may occur are spasmodic phenomena in children after 6 years.

They can lead to underdevelopment of the nervous system in the future. The probability of epilepsy is very small.

During spasmodic attacks, the kid can imagine or hit hard. This can lead to injuries, so measures should be taken during an attack.

First emergency assistance

When convulsions, you need to call an ambulance. Before her arrival, put the baby on the straight surface on the side so that the head turns to the surface. So he will not choke by the lots of the masses, if the child has vomiting at temperatures and cramps. Make sure that it does not hit his head during a convulsive seizure.

In no case, do not try to give a patient a medicine during a seizure. You can not pour into your mouth liquid medicine Or pills, as the breath during convulsion is difficult, the baby may suffocate.

Before the arrival of physicians, you can use a wet compress. Sometimes ambulance doctors on the phone give advice that you need to do while the scope on the way.

Try to remember how much the seizure lasted, which happened if the kid lost consciousness, for what time, etc. It will help the doctor to understand the overall picture of the disease and, in case of suspicion serious deviations From the norm, send you to tests.

If it happened that it is not possible to call an ambulance, you need to get rid of hyperthermia. For this, after the attack of spasms, when the baby is in calm stateYou need to give an antipyretic agent. It can be a syrup or a tablet, and for babies can be used.

Open the window: It is advisable to put more oxygen into the room to alleviate the patient's breathing.

Detailed treatment tactics

It is worth thinking about treatment if the seizures of seizures last more than 15 minutes or if there were more than one attack on a day. Treatment consists of reception anticonvulsant drugs.

This is usually a phenobarbital, which prevents the risk of recurrence by 90%.It is injected during an attack or after it, dose - up to 5 mg per kg of body weight. Please note the injections during the attack must have a medical worker.

You can treat convulsive seizures with diazepam, dose - up to 0.5 mg per kg times per day. Another anticonvulsant drug that is able to help the baby is the Lorazepam. It must be used in an amount of up to 0.2 mg per 1 kg of weight per day.

Possible 3 types of treatment:

• reception of antiepileptic drugs;
• taking anticonvulsant drugs;
• the use of antipyretic means.

The antipyretic agents will only help bring down the temperature, but do not guarantee that when the baby is hyperthermia, the kid will once again not have a fit.

Many of the drugs possess side effectsAnd the body is still weak so that they go completely without a trace. It is necessary to be treated, just follow the dosage very accurately, and only the doctor will help you.

The opinion of Dr. Komarovsky

Dr. Komarovsky believes that febrile cramps in children under 6 are not hazardous. The children's body is simply sensitive to hyperthermia. Children develop this phenomenon without harm to health.

Komarovsky says that it is necessary to ensure that the temperature in the babies do not rise above 38 degrees. The antipyretic means must be used when the temperature only appeared. The means of combating spasm - antipyretic and sedatives.

How to avoid seizures at temperatures in children? It is difficult to talk about prevention, because in young children, the temperature can rise quickly, and you will not have time to knock it down.

It is necessary to measure the body temperature as often as possible, when he is sick to, if it starts to rise, immediately give the antipyretic and avoid the attack of spasms.

There is a common therapy that can also serve as prevention. It includes reception of drugs to strengthen the nervous system.

If a child can not drink a pill or he's just small, then prescribed will help keep the dosage and still give him a medicine.

Doctors prescribe children's syrup Ibufen, and the instruction will help you choose the desired dosage - Learn about the rules of reception.

Conclusion

Fabry convulsions are not a rare phenomenon. If the baby did they still happen, do not panic.

You should not be enough for his hands during an attack and try to return the body a natural position through the power, so you can injure it.

Try simply carefully hold it and watch it, so that he does not choose saliva and did not harm himself. After an attack, many children fall asleep - this is also normal, because involuntary muscle contractions take energy from the body.

Now you know exactly what the febrile cramps in the child are dangerous and what is dangerous. If you worry that spasms at temperatures - the harbinger dangerous disease, regularly attend the neuropathologist and therapist, and serious problems It can be avoided.

In contact with

The appearance of convulsion in children is not rare. The reasons for their occurrence are quite a lot, but most often are infectious diseases or. As a rule, such an answer to stimuli is found in premature newborns. Such reactions are due to the specifics of the development of the nervous system in early age And do not manifest in the kids older or adults.

The nervous system of infants is hypersensitive to irritants from the outside and its own physiological deviations of the baby, this leads to the fact that the muscles twitch spontaneously. Newborn seizures can be confused with muscle shock, tremor. Legs and handles can move in this age involuntarily. In some cases, detect convulsions in newborns and find out the causes of their appearance is impossible even with the help of the electroencephalogram.

Convulsions and their varieties

Muscle cramps at the kid have different nature. Therefore, there are several of their species. Any muscles of the body can involuntinately twitch, the feet, handles or faces are observed.

1. If the child is trembling the eyelids, the muscles of the face responsible for the facial expressions, and lasts it long enough, then such convulsions are called small. They indicate the presence of deviations in the development of the CNS of the Baby;
2. Premature children often have neonatal seizures of tonic nature. They are characterized by tensions in the whole body. The kid is compressed and throws off his head. Neonatal convulsions may be accompanied by a short-term stopping of breathing and act on the brain hypoxic;
3. Reducing any individual muscle group cause clonic convulsions;
4. Powdlices older cramps can be myoclonic. They, in turn, divide into three groups. If muscle spasms hide one group, such convulsions are focal. When Localization B. different parts The bodies of convulsions will be multiplexed and generalized if reductions arise in the entire body at the same time;
5. Febrile cramps. The most famous, arising at the body temperature above the norm.

In newborns, oddly enough, muscles are often twisted spontaneously when they sleep. In a dream, it is absolutely natural and does not require medical intervention at body temperature in the normal limits and the absence of other alarming symptoms. Therefore, you should not disturb the sleepy baby. These are not febrile cramps, so the nervous system reacts to the development of brain functions.

Causes of muscle contractions

The type of convulsion, disturbing the kid depends on the causes provoking their. It can be:

1. congenital pathologies affecting cerebral activities;
2. disorders in metabolic processes or blood circulation;
3. generic injuries;
4. infectious diseases.

More often than other reasons of convulsive syndrome are injured inflicted infant in labor period or brain pathology.

Problems of the central nervous system

The insolvency of the brain, vascular pathologies or generic injuries cause failures in the work of the CNS. The latter usually lead to hemorrhage into the brain or his edema.

Some kids from birth suffer from intracranial pressure, which interferes with normal life and causes muscle cramps in infants. Others are born with brain pathologies: hydrocephalus, porencephalia, microcifaly and others.

The problems in children after birth sometimes arise as a consequence of intrauterine asphyxia. The same effect also gives hypoxia of the fetus.

Failure in metabolic processes

Little organism is necessary full nutrition For growth and strength. Cauls may appear due to lack of elements such as calcium, vitamin B6, magnesium, some amino acids. A similar situation does not yet mean that mom is prone to starvation and she needs to change the diet. Perhaps the child is poorly functioning kidneys, thyroid or adrenal glands.

The most common metabolic disorders:

• hypoonhemia - calcium is contained in the blood in insufficient quantities;
• hypoglycemia - reduced blood glucose levels;
• gipicomagnemia - Magnesium is present in the blood in too low concentration, but this is rarely found;
• the aqueous intoxication is a condition in which the cells of the body delay water, which significantly reduces sodium content and leads to a violation of the water-salt balance;
• excess sodium also does not promise anything good and also causes convulsions;
• changes in the exchange of amino acids (proline, tyrosine, glycine, valine, etc.);
• nitamin B6 shortage.

Third-party stimuli

The reason for the fact that convulsions appear in newborns are infectious diseases and inadequate care for the baby. Wrong viruses inflammatory processes Typically accompanied by temperature and cause febrile cramps. The small organism is still unable to resist everyone pathogenic bacteria. Muscular spasms in this case are provoked:

1. encephalitis;
2. rubella or cytomegalovirus;
3. reception of some antibiotics and brood hormones;
4. tetanus;
5. toxoplasmosis or lickeriosis;
6. purulent miningitis;
7. at body temperature above 38 degrees;
8. overheating in the child due to excessive wrapping.

Muscle cramps in babies, including febrile cramps provoked external factors, cause rhythmic reduction in limbs, turning the eyes and in some cases a short-term respiratory stop, which becomes the cause of oxygen starvation of the brain.

Signs of muscle spasms

Clear, as a rule, is not difficult to determine. The main thing is to respond to them correctly and to provide a child required help. The abbreviation of the muscles accompany the following symptoms:

• the movement of the chin, as if the kid chews something;
• chin trembling;
• rhythmic muscle twitch limbs;
• heart rate violation;
• eyelids are enchanted;
• intermittent breathing, sometimes until a complete stop;
• eye Rolling;
• baby Jacks, yawns, mimic muscles

Before starting the cramp, the vomiting sometimes appears, the child becomes restless and can sharply shut.

How to save baby from convulsion?

The convulsions in newborns appear often, but to leave them without attention and medical monitoring is in no case, even febrile convulsions. In most cases, the appearance of involuntary convulsions in the newborn speaks about the presence of serious health problems. For round-the-clock control, kids are observed and obtained specialized care In the hospital's conditions.

Initially, the physicians are examined by a small patient, in order to recognize why convulsions and diagnosis are appeared. With this it is necessary to choose medicia treatment The convulsion of muscles in newborns is simply impossible. If the muscle group twitches so much that they cause the respiratory stop, in the hospital will eventually hold artificial ventilation lungs.

Drug therapy when removing convulsive tremors includes drugs restoring metabolic processes, use magnesia, calcium gluconate or glucose. Also, for treatment, they use phenobarbital and phenytino, relating to barbiturates.

It is necessary to remove motor excitability and calm the nervous system. This is done by way soothing drugs, Sedukesen or Laurezepama.

Regardless of the intensity and duration of convulsive syndrome in the infant, it is necessary to consult with a specialist. With weak convulsions, you can postpone a visit to the doctor before next day. Strong and long-term cramps - the reason to contact soon help.

Important

Before arrival medical brigade, It is necessary to help the baby yourself. What to do?

It is necessary to remove diapers and clothing so that the newborn child gets more air, especially at temperatures above 38 degrees. Trying to fool the baby or to supply it with any drugs in no case. In order to know what looks like convulsive syndrome Explore the following video.

Recovery process

If the kid was in heavy convulsive seizures, one stationary treatment It will not be enough. During the year they will have to visit the neurologist to control. During the recovery period, recommended:

• medical gymnastics;
• massage;
• strict adherence to the day of the day;
• creating a calm situation in the family.

Detection of the cause of convulsion in infancy does not always guarantee complete recovery and lack of problems in the future. Early age is a serious obstacle to the rapid and proper diagnosis of the disease. And the fact that they often cause convulsions of the brain pathology leads to fatal outcomes. Almost a third of the newborns in the first days of life with such diagnoses doctors do not have time or simply can not save. Therefore, at the first signs, this is the signal to go to the doctor. Even after treatment neurological deviations Can not fully pass and give complications remaining for life.

Preventive measures

Every woman understands what to follow the health of your baby should be started even during pregnancy. Even the easiest indisposition in this period can entail serious consequences. You can avoid them, observing some rules:

• in the period of pregnancy planning to start receiving folic acid;
• being in interesting position It is worth maximizing themselves from any viruses and infectious diseases;
• take only those medicines that the doctor discharge;
• contact the baby for advice to the neurologist.

Why leave twisted muscles without medical intervention impossible? The delay in this case faces the manifestation of mental abnormalities, and even leads to full outcome. Therefore, to show neurologist even outwardly healthy baby There will be no superfluous. After all, the preservation of his health is the task number 1, and the mother may understand that the baby has something not so many days, weeks or even months from the moment of its development and the precious time will be missed.

Fuses sometimes occur in children of different ages. Parents always scare similar phenomena. Why occurs involuntary muscle cuts or legs, including in a dream? What kind of seizures are there? How is the diagnostics of the cause of the problem? How to give first aid in the attack? How is the treatment? Tell together.

Child cramps - dangerous pathological statein which parents are obliged to know the rules for first aid

Causes of seizures in children of different ages

Depending on the type of cramps, the causes that cause their appearance will differ. When establishing provoking factors, you will need to pay attention to the age of the child. Experts identify a number of states that can provoke convulsions in children. The most common causes include:

• internal bleeding;
• hysteria;
• asphyxia;
• generic injuries;
• meningitis;
• allergies (with allergies, convulsions are held after eliminating contact with the stimulus);
• disorders of metabolic processes, diabetes;
• intoxication of various etiologies;
• heredity, genetic diseases;
• cysts, tumor education;
• emotional-mental disorders;
• epilepsy (recommend reading :);
• disorders in the development of the central nervous system and / or its dysfunction;
• neuroinfection and cranial injuries;
• the immaturity of the brain.

Generic injuries, disorders of metabolism processes, asphyxia, hereditary factor can lead to a seizure of a child from the first days of life. A thoracic kid to 1 year is sometimes faced with convulsive states during a strong cold or after planned immunization, when neuroinfection penetration or in inconsistency in the age of development of the central nervous system and bodies.

Regardless of whether the convulsion was identical, or the attacks are repeated periodically, it is impossible to leave the symptom. It is better to rebuild and make sure that everything is fine with the baby. If the muscle spasms of the hands and legs are caused by pathology, without proper and timely treatment High risk of developing serious consequences, including cerebral palsy.

If a timely reveal the root cause of the development of convulsive attacks in a child, the chances of it to fully cure and avoid re-manifest it dangerous symptom. From parents and doctors need close attention to the state of the baby, thorough diagnosis and high-quality therapy.

Varieties of convulsion

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Children meet several varieties of muscle contractions. In accordance with the generally accepted classification, if the spasm involves almost all the muscles of the body and for a while completely paralyzes the patient, we are talking about generalized convulsions, if it occurs on a certain area (for example, in the leg), where it is concentrated, then this is a focal cramp.

Also distinguish clonic and tonic cuts. In the first case, the muscles are twitching, a pulsating reduction is observed, alternating with relaxation. For tonic convulsions are characterized by severe muscular tensionwhich remains long enough. There are also tonic-clonic convulsions.

In addition, specialists allocate nephractic and febrile cramps:

1. Nefractic convulsions occur when the time is broken proper work brain. Todders up to 3 years, the convulsions of this species may occur at night during sleep. If there are no accompanying symptoms and a single case, then this suggests that the child has seen a bright and realistic sleep. When the night cramp during sleep is accompanied by involuntary urination or occurs in a dream in children older than 3 years of age - this is a reason to consult a doctor. This category of convulsions is often accompanied by loss of consciousness - complete or partial. Epileptic seizures include epileptic seizures.
2. Febral convulsions are muscle reductions at a very high body temperature (more in the article :). Usually occur during severe cold or influenza. This is a phenomenon concomitant by fever, and after infectious or viral disease It will be cured, and convulsions will be held with it.

Related symptoms

Parents can recognize convulsions, including tonic-clonic, according to a characteristic clinical picture, which accompanies their appearance. These are involuntary muscle movements that are difficult to miss or not to notice.

In the event that we are talking about a strong attack, seizures can manifest as follows:

• involuntary urination;
• syushia of the skin and lips;
• voltage, pulling or compressing limbs;
• toothbrush, severe jaw compression;
• eye Rolling;
• signs allergic reaction (if the attack is caused by allergies);
• the appearance of foam from the mouth, in severe cases, a child can snatch;
• the distortion of the face, twitching the limbs, their involuntary movements, tick, pulsation (we recommend reading :).

Parents do not always be determined and understand why the child pulls the leg or handle - it reduces the limb, or the movement of the baby is controlled by its brain. What clonic, tonic and clone-tonic convulsions look like, you can look at the video to the article.

Diagnostic methods

Convulsions are unpredictable and therefore dangerous state. It is important to find out why the child had an attack, and as soon as possible to eliminate the reason to avoid re-seizure. First of all, you need to visit the pediatrician, he will give direction to a neurologist, a neurologist or an endocrinologist.

Electroencephalography

If there have been a cramping of nephractic origin, it will be necessary to pass comprehensive diagnosisTo assess the child's health status and reveal pathological processes leading to muscle spasms. As part of the survey applied wide spectrum Modern diagnostic methods, among which include:

• laboratory blood test - indicates a deficit or excess of any elements in the body;
• electricencephalography - study to assess the state of the brain;
• if necessary, the doctor may prescribe a computer or magnetic resonance imaging.

First help to the child

A child cramps can start suddenly. In this case, it is important on time and properly to give him first aid. What to do in one way or another will depend on the localization and intensity of the attack. When the limb struck the focal seizure, the massage will help, the effects on the muscle - it can be poured or pinned.

The generalized attack is much more dangerous and requires compliance with several rules. In such cases, it is necessary to urgently cause an ambulance brigade, and before the medical arrival, you can try to help your child. It is impossible to give any liquids and drugs until the end of the attack is, as well as trying to break up the arted teeth.

What to do with cramps

Tactics of help looks like this:

• lay a small patient on the back, laying under the head a clean towel;
• heavy, stitching, cutting items and any other objects, which kid can be born, you need to remove away;
• clamp a towel between the children's jaws (if possible);
• rotate the head of the side - if the foam appears or vomiting will begin, the patient should not choke;
• neck and area chest It is advisable to free from clothes.

Features of the treatment of convulsion

Treatment of convulsion in patients of any age begins with identifying the reason that provokes the emergence of symptoms. Depending on which the diagnosis was made by the child, the doctor selects the most efficient and secure therapeutic course, directed not only to eliminate pathology, but also to relieve repeated attacks.

Glucose is used in hypoglycemia

Basic course of treatment

By general rule The treatment of convulsion in the child is built as follows:

• if we are talking about a febrile convulsive condition, you need to stop fever;
• hypoglycemia - tracking of vomiting and temperature in the dynamics, the introduction of declaration solution, then glucose (intravenously and inkido);
• hypoligneia - the introduction of a solution of Magnesia sulfur intravenously;
• hypocalcemia - Slow intravenous administration Gluconate calcium solution.

With stable frequently repetitive convulsive states in infants who have not reached a one-year-old age, the use of barbiturate acid or barbiturate derivatives is recommended.

When developing involuntary muscular spasms A medicine that has a calming effect is required - this is how barbiturates act.

Depending on the diagnosis and severity of the state of a small patient, long, short or average courses are applied medicines Barbiturate groups. The first treatment scheme is shown in the most severe cases, in particular, in the treatment of kids of any age, suffering from epileptic seizures.

IVL

Artificial lung ventilation and maintenance of the required level blood pressure - Such methods can also be used in the treatment of convulsive states in children of different ages, but only with appropriate indications. The list of states accompanying convulsions and requiring the application of these measures includes:

• periodic intense vomiting;
• a significant increase in body temperature;
• loss of consciousness;
• breath disorders.

Complications and forecast

Among the newborn suffering from convulsive seizures is noted high mortality - up to 30%. This is due to the complexity of the detection of true causes provoking attacks, and the weakness of the organism of the newborn, in which such complications can develop as ischemic stroke and ischemic encephalopathy.

If the child had an attack of convulsion, it is necessary to spend it careful medical examination

In case the attacks are caused meningococcal infectionThe forecast of survival is unfavorable, but if the cause of metabolic disorders, the kids in the overwhelming majority can be successfully cured. In any case, even with single convulsions, the child must be under the supervision of a qualified specialist within 12 months and complete a full survey.

Prevention of convulsive states

To pay attention to the prevention of convulsive states in the child should already be on the intrauterine stage of its development. From lifestyle, nutrition and health future mom largely depends on how correct and harmoniously form all organs and the kid systems are formed. After the birth of the child, it is necessary to take care that the child develops both in physical and emotionally psychological plan.

Regular moderate are required physical exercise From an early age (even ordinary morning charging will be useful). Walking outdoors (the more - the better), contact with mom and dad, diverse and balanced ration food containing everything required vitamins And trace elements - all these measures of preventive impact will help reduce the risk of convulsion.

Yesterday we began to talk about the emergence of cramps in children and mostly discussed issues related to the development of seizures during the neonatal period. However, such phenomena may occur at the children at an early age, and even from schoolchildren and adolescents. Only here the reasons for these convulsions will be somewhat different than in newborns. Let's discuss the occurrence of seizures of children at an early age and your tactics in their development.

Cramps in babies at an early age

In early child children, the nervous system is immature and easily excited. Therefore, the main feature of the development of seizures at this age is the provocation of them is not so pronounced and significant impulses, as can be in adults. For example, children at an early age convulsions can be postgoxic or febrile (provoked by high temperatures). Such convulsions can occur in children about aged two or three months after birth, especially when increasing the toddles of the body temperature more than 38.0-38.5 degrees.

Usually, such convulsions are generalized (common, entire organism) and they can be tonic or tonic-clonic, but may have any other character - which happens less often. This kind of febrile convulsions can be called simple if these they occur once with an increase in the body temperature of the child and if they continued at no more than ten, the maximum of fifteen minutes. At the same time, there was no focal symptoms or there was no disorders of consciousness when convulsion occur. The situation will be more difficult if the convulsions can repeat more than once throughout the first months of life, if various kinds occur during convulsions neurological symptomsOr convulsive attacks are very long in time, can only be stopped in hospital medications. In this case, the child needs a detailed examination and establishing more accurate nature of convulsion. It is worth remembering - febrile convulsions are not manifested in children older than two or three years, the occurrence of seizures at an older age will be suspicious of epilepsy attacks.

Why can such cramps arise?

Doctors and scientists are still not exactly a mechanism for the emergence of such febrile cramps in children. However, one of the leading factors in their formation in feverish states indicates the immaturity of the nervous system itself and especially the immaturity of the thermoregulation center in the brain barrel. In addition, to contribute to the development of febrile convulsions in kids can such mechanisms as the weakness of brake processes in the brain with the predominance of excitation processes in it. As a result, when the temperature pulses arrives from the body to the center of thermoregulation, it occurs in it the focus of pathological excitement - a convulsive attack can be formed. This kind of convulsions occur against the background of fever, which occurs during flu or ARVI, as a reaction to the introduction of a vaccine or in exacerbation of various kinds of chronic pathologies. Also one of important moments When febrile convulsion appears, a special family predisposition to them, which is transmitted from parents to children. If someone from relatives has epilepsy or in childhood There were febrile convulsions, the child need more attention to the child - it can give convulsions during the coincidence.

How can you determine what these are cramps of children?

Febral convulsions are similar in their manifestations to all other versions of convulsion - both epileptic origin and any other. All exterior signs Similar seizures are similar to each other. However, among the febrile convulsions can be manifested as a local type of seizures with swinging eyes and twitching the limbs, so there may be tonic attacks with a sharp strong voltage in all muscle groups, sharp throwing back heads and reduced heads, strong straightening lower extremities. After such a tonic tension of all body muscles can follow a series of rhythmic twitching limbs or a series of strong shudding in separate parts of the body. There may also be sharp atonic attacks of convulsive activity with severe relaxation (limping) in all muscles of the body, involuntary divergens of urine and stool. The seizures can last about two or three to fifteen minutes, the convulsions can follow several short occasions. At the time of attacks, the cramp consciousness is usually broken, or contact with it can be sharply difficult - the baby may not respond at all to the conversation of adults, can not shout or cry. During convulsion, breathing delays can also occur with the formation of the blueness or the occurrence of a sharp pallor. For further life, with the following episodes of fever, febrile convulsions can be repeated about 30% of children, and then such children require targeted observation and examination from a neurologist's doctor.

What do you need to do with the development of cramps in children?

The development of a child cramps is not at all the condition at which it is possible to get rid of self-medication or a reception of certain tablets. Attacks seizures can be repeated and significantly harm the health and development of the child. It is necessary at the very first signs of the child's convulsion to cause an emergency and until the "ambulance" and doctors arrive, put the child in safe place And free it from all the shocking clothes, all sorts of fasteners and rubber, sock and tights. It is necessary to put a child on the bar, so that the head be sure to be on the side. This is necessary so that in case of vomiting it has not been aspiration of the contents of the stomach in airways. Between the teeth of the child, it is necessary to pave a piece of pure fabric or a handkerchief so that the child in the attack seizure does not bite the tongue and does not cause additional injuries. It is important to provide a child free access of fresh air - you need to open a window or balcony, fan the child or turn on the fan. Also, the child needs a complete peace and a calm atmosphere, so as not to cause additional excitement - it is forbidden to shake or brake a child, which can cause to the child during an attachment additional damage.

If the episode of seizures occurs against the background of highly high temperatures, then it is necessary to give the child the antipyretic drugs, as much as possible it and, if possible, apply all available body cooling techniques for it - wiping, blow dry air. However, remember - during the fever, it is impossible to rub the child with vodka, alcohol or vinegar - this will increase the fever and due to the sharp odor and poisonous vapors only hurts the state. The heat exchange is enhanced from the trituration and the height of the fever only increases. And toxic couples of alcohol or vinegar can give additional foci of excitation in the brain area. You can wipe the baby with a sponge that is moistened in water room temperature (but not cold water). It is possible to split and reveal the child, foaming it with a cloth or put a wrapped ice (or frozen meat) in the area of \u200b\u200bprojection large vessels Body.

In addition to febrile convulsions, the kids may have seizures against the background of a strong cry or a long crying of kids, it may be so-called respiratory cramps - with such convulsions, the child begins to go in the attack of crying, begins to shine and the convulsions arise. With such convulsions it is necessary to conduct a special reflex restoration of normal respiration - you can spray a child with water, give a sniffing to the Vatka. You can press a spoon in the area of \u200b\u200bthe root of the language, and then give the child the sedatives.

After the attack that occurred, seizures must immediately calm the child - he is very scary. Then you need to take both yourself in your hands and be completely ready for the fact that the attacks may well repeat. It will be important to pay attention to the duration of the attacks. Temporary gaps between the attacks and features of the child's behavior between the attacks. All this information will continue to be extremely important for all doctors, which will then arrive to you to help the baby. No less important for doctors will be information about what events could precede the development of convulsions, which could provoke the development of convulsion and what could affect development and the duration of attacks. Be sure to note for the doctors, did not have any diseases from a child with recently, he did not accept medicines - including himself, without demand, there was no contact with household chemicals And the poisoning of it, could the child could take any poisons or toxins, did not put the vaccinations.

Doctors most likely offer you hospitalization, especially if the child is small and on his face all signs of infection and fever. Such a child needs a full treatment and observation of doctors to avoid repetition of seizures. It will also be necessary to figure out them. accurate reasons and leave a plan for treating and watching a child with such convulsive attacks.

- Non-specific reaction of the child's body to external and internal stimuli, characterized by sudden attacks of involuntary muscle contractions. The convulsive syndrome in children proceeds with the development of partial or generalized cramps of a clonic and tonic nature with loss or without loss of consciousness. To establish the causes of convulsive syndrome, children need consultations of a pediatrician, neurologist, traumatologist; Conducting EEG, NSG, RG, skull radiography, brain CT, etc. The relief of convulsive syndrome in children requires the introduction of anticonvulsants and conducting therapy of the underlying disease.

Causes of convulsive syndrome in children

Convulsive syndrome in children is polyethological clinical syndrome. Neonatal convulsions, developing in newborns, are usually associated with severe hypoxic damage to the central nervous system (fetal hypoxia, asphyxia of newborns), intracranial generic injury, intrauterine or postnatal infection (cytomegal, toxoplasmosis, rubella, herpes, congenital syphilis, lemiosis, etc.), congenital anomalies. Brain Development (Holoprozanecephalia, Hydroanencephalia, Lissencephalia, Hydrocephalus, etc.), Alcoholic fetus syndrome. Cauls can be a manifestation of abstinence syndrome in children born on mothers suffering from alcohol and narcotic drug addiction. Rarely newborn has tetanical convulsions caused by infection of the umbilical wound.

Among the metabolic disorders, which are the cause of convulsive syndrome, electrolyte imbalance should be isolated (hypocalcemia, hypomagnation, hypo-and hypernatriamia) in premature, children with intrauterine hypotrophy, galactosemia, phenylketonuria. Separately, hyperbilirubinemia and the associated nuclear jaundice of newborns are worthy of toxico-metabolic disorders. The convulsive syndrome can develop in children with endocrine disorders - hypoglycemia with diabetes, hypocalcemia in spasofilia and hypoparathyroidism.

In breast and early childhood in the genesis of convulsive syndrome in children, neuroinfection (encephalitis, meningitis), infectious diseases (ARVI, flu, pneumonia, otitis, sepsis), HTMT, post-defective complications, epilepsy are played.

Less frequent reasons The convulsive syndrome in children perform, brain abscess, congenital heart defects, poisoning and intoxication, hereditary degenerative diseases CNS, facalomics.

A certain role in the occurrence of convulsive syndrome in children belongs to genetic predisposition, namely, inheritance of the peculiarities of metabolism and neurodynamics, which determine the reduced convulsive threshold. Provoke convulsive seizures in a child may infections, dehydration, stressful situations, sharp arousal, overheating, etc.

Classification of convulsive syndrome in children

By origin, epileptic and non-epileptic (symptomatic, secondary) convulsive syndrome in children differ. The number of symptomatic belongs to febrile (infectious), hypoxic, metabolic, structural (with organic lesions of the CNS) convulsions. It should be noted that in some cases non-epileptic convulsions can go to epileptic (for example, with a long, more than 30 minutes with an uncontrollable convulsive fit, repeated cramps).

Depending on clinical manifestations, partial (localized, focal) cramps covering individual muscle groups, and generalized convulsions (common convulsive fit). Taking into account the nature of muscle contractions, the convulsions can be clonic and tonic: in the first case, the episodes of reduction and relaxation of skeletal muscles quickly replace each other; In the second there is a long spasm without periods of relaxation. In most cases, convulsive syndrome in children proceeds with generalized tonic-clonic convulsions.

Symptoms of convulsive syndrome in children

A typical generalized tonic-clonic seizure is characterized by a sudden beginning. Suddenly, the child loses contact with external environment; His look becomes wandering, movement eye apples - floating, then the eyes are fixed upwards and to the side.

In the tonic phase of a convulsive attack the head of the child throws back, the jaws are closed, legs straightened, hands bend in elbow joints, the whole body is strained. There is a short-term apnea, bradycardia, pallor and cyanoticity of the skin. Clonic phase of generalized convulsive seizure It is characterized by restoring breathing, separate twitching of the mimic and skeletal muscles, restoration of consciousness. If convulsive paroxysms follow one after another without restoring consciousness, such a state is regarded as convulsive status.

Most common clinical form Felly syndrome in children serve febrile cramps. They are typical for children aged 6 months to 3-5 years and develop against the background of lifting the body temperature above 38 ° C. Signs of toxic-infectious lesion of the brain and its shells are absent. The duration of febrile cramps in children is usually 1-2 minutes (sometimes up to 5 minutes). The course of this embodiment of convulsive syndrome in children is favorable; persistent neurological violationsAs a rule, does not develop.

The convulsive syndrome in children with intracranial injury proceeds with swelling of spring, jerking, vomiting, respiratory disorders, cyanosis. The convulsions can carry the nature of the rhythmic contractions of certain groups of the muscles of the face or limbs or a generalized tonic nature. With neuroinfection in the structure of convulsive syndrome, tonic-clonic convulsions usually dominate, the rigidity of the occipital muscles is observed. Tetania, due to hypocalcemia, is characterized by convulsions in the flexor muscles ("Hand of the obstetrician"), facial muscles ("Sardonic smile"), pylorospasm with nausea and vomiting, laryngospasm. In hypoglycemia, the development of convulsion is preceded by weakness, sweating, trembling in the limbs, headache.

For convulsive syndrome in epilepsy, children are typical of the preceding attack "Aura" (sensation of chills, heat, dizziness, odors, sounds, etc.). Actually, the epileptic attack begins with the cry of the child following this loss of consciousness and convulsions. At the end of the attack, sleep comes; After waking, the child is slow down, does not remember what happened.

In most cases, the establishment of the etiology of convulsive syndrome in children only on the basis of clinical signs It is impossible.

Diagnosis of convulsive syndrome in children

By virtue of the multifactority of the desires of convulsive syndrome in children, his diagnosis and treatment, children's specialists of various profiles can be engaged in: neonatologists, pediatricians, children's neurologists, children's traumatologists, children's ophthalmologists, children's endocrinologists, resuscitational, toxicologists, etc.

The decisive moment in the correct assessment of the reasons for convulsive syndrome in children is a thorough collection of anamnesis: the clarification of hereditary burdens and perinatal anamnesis, preceding the attacks of diseases, injuries, preventive vaccinations, etc. It is important to clarify the nature of a convulsive segment, the circumstances of its occurrence, duration, repeatability, output From cramp.

Essential importance in the diagnosis of convulsive syndrome in children are instrumental and laboratory research. Carrying out lumbar puncture. With the development of convulsive syndrome, children need to perform a biochemical study of blood and urine on the content of calcium, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, glucose, pyridoxine, amino acids.

The treatment of convulsive syndrome in children

In the event of a convulsive attack of a child, it is necessary to put on a solid surface, turn the head of the side, unzipped the collar, ensure the influx of fresh air. If the convulsive syndrome in the child developed for the first time and its reasons are unclear, it is necessary to call an ambulance.

For free respiration, a mucus, residues or rifle masses should be removed from the oral cavity using electrical circuit or mechanical pathway, to improve the inhalation of oxygen. If the cause of the convulsion is established, then pathogenetic therapy is carried out for the purpose of relieving them (the introduction of the calcium calcium solution in hypocalcemia, sulfate magnesium solution - with hypomagnemia, glucose solution - with hypoglycemia, antipirectrics - during febrile convulsions, etc.).

However, since the Urgent Clinical Situation does not always manage to implement a diagnostic search, symptomatic therapy is carried out to relieve convulsive paroxysism. The first aid is used intramuscular or intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate, diazepam, gomc, hexobarbital. Some anticonvulsant preparations (diazepam, hexobarbital, etc.) can be administered to children rectally. In addition to anticonvulsion, dehydration therapy (mannitol, furosemid) are prescribed for the prevention of edema of the brain of the brain.

Children with convulsive syndrome unclear origin, convulsions arising against the background of infectious and metabolic diseases, brain injuries are subject to mandatory hospitalization.

Forecast and prevention of convulsive syndrome in children

Frebel convulsions usually stop with age. To prevent their re-occurrence, it should not be allowed to be pronounced hyperthermia when an infectious disease occurs in a child. The risk of transformation of febrile convulsions to epileptic is 2-10%.

In other cases, the prevention of convulsive syndrome in children includes a warning perinatal pathology fetus, therapy of the underlying disease, observation of children's experts. If the convulsive syndrome in children does not disappear after the termination of the main disease, it can be assumed that the child has developed epilepsy.