The preparation of choice for the relief of a convulsive seizure is. Anticonvulsant Preparations - List: Application for epilepsy and neuralgia

The modern arsenal of medicines is quite large, but insufficient for the treatment of all forms of epilepsy. Bromids (potassium bromide) were the first anticonvulsant drugs introduced in epilepsy pharmacotherapy in 1857 by Charles Locke. In 1938. It was synthesized structurally close to the barbiturates phenytoin (diphenin), a derivative of the hydantoin. In the future, numerous anti-epileptic agents were obtained, but Phenitoin remains a means of choice in epilepsy with large convulsive seizures. The history of the occurrence of hippoats as anticonvulsant originates in 1962. When in these compounds R. Eymard accidentally discovered anticonvulsant properties. At the same time, the chemical compound of the valproic acid was synthesized 80 years earlier - in 1882 heats out. This connection over the years has been used in laboratory biochemical and pharmacological research work as a lipophilic agent for dissolving water-soluble compounds. To the surprise of researchers, the anticonvulsant properties also had valproic acid (W. Gosher). Currently, the holproids remain one of the groups of anticonvulsant drugs that are in great demand (the target for hippoates is primary-generalized seizures - convulsive abscans and idiopathic form of epilepsy) and are used as basic drugs for monotherapy in epilepsy patients. In recent years, new, fairly safe drugs, such as Lamatinjan, Topiramat, which are verifying next to drugs, synthesized earlier, are obtained and found their use of Topiramate, very often as combination therapy.

Anti-Epileptic Tools - These drug preparations of various origins used to prevent or decrease (in intensity and frequency) by the court corresponding to them equivalents (loss or violation of consciousness, behavioral and vegetative disorders, etc.), which are observed with periodically emerging attacks of various forms of epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a consequence of the occurrence of a large brain or subcortex cerebral centers (black substance, almonds, etc.) of excitation foci, which is transmitted to nervous and muscle systems, which leads to the development of epileptic convulsive seizures or epileptic state. The cause of epilepsy is not clear, so the main drugs are aimed at eliminating a convulsive seizure or its prevention.

The main clinical sign of epilepsy is a sudden attack of clonic or tetanic court with loss of consciousness. Clonic convulsions are characterized by periodic reduction and relaxation of muscles, and tonic or tetanic - simultaneous reducing the muscles-flexors and extensors, which is accompanied by a stressful pose with a trapped head, the release of blood saliva due to the boning of the language such convulsions are classified as large attacks (Grand Mal). During small seizures (Petit Mal), consciousness is lost at a very short time, sometimes it does not have time to notice the sick person. Very frequent attacks sometimes go to the epileptic state. As a rule, this pathology is confirmed by characteristic epileptic peaks (discharges) on the electroencephalogram (EEG), which allows to accurately determine the localization of the excitation focus. During a convulsive seizure of medicines, the patient is administered, and after its end, individual anti-relapse pharmacotherapy is selected.

Classification of anti-epileptic agents

By chemical structure:

I. Barbiturates and their derivatives: Fenobarbital (Bafetal) Benzobarbital (Benzonal).

II. Derivatives of Hidantoin Phenitoin (diphenin).

III. Derivatives of carboxamide: Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Finlepsin).

IV. Benzodiazepine derivatives: phenazepam; clonazepam; Diazepam (Sibazon, Relium) Nitrazepam (Radedorm) Midazolam (Fulzed).

V. Derivatives of fatty acids:

5.1) Acid Valproeeva (Encorate, Encorate-Chrono, ConVelex)

5.2) Sodium Valproat (Depakin, Depakin-Enterik)

5.3) Combined (acid Valproee and sodium Valproat) Depakin-Chrono.

Vi. Various Anticonvulsant and antispatic drugs: Lookinjan (Lamycal) Topiramat (Topamax) Gabapeptin (Neuralgin).

By mechanism of action

1. Tools overwhelming sodium channels: Phenytoin; carbamazepine; Valproyevaya acid; Sodium Valproat; Topiramat; Lookinjan.

2. Tools overwhelming calcium channels (T and L type): trimetin; Sodium Valproat; Gabapentin.

3. Means activating the GAMK Ergic System:

3.1) postsynaptic action benzodiazepines; Barbiturates; Gabapentin;

3.2) presinautical action Sodium Valproat; Tiagabin;

4. Tools overwhelming glutamanthergic system.

4.1) postsynaptic action Barbiturates; Topiramat;

4.2) The presynaptic action of Lusdomin.

According to clinical indications, antiepileptic agents can be divided into the following groups:

1. Means used at partial cramps (psychomotor seizures): carbamazepine; Sodium Valproat; Lusotein; Gabapentin; phenobarbital; clonazepam; Difenin.

2. Means used at generalized seizures:

2.1) large convulsive seizures ( grand Mat): Sodium Valproat; carbamazepine; phenobarbital; diphenin; Lusotein;

2.2) Small attacks of epilepsy - absolute (Petit Mat): Sodium Valproat; Lusotein; clonazepam.

3. Means used when epileptic Status: diazepam; Lorazepam; clonazepam; Means for anesthesia (sodium oxybutyrate, sodium thiopental).

Types of action of anti-epileptic agents for the body (pharmacological effects):

Anticonvulsant;

Sedative (phenobarbital, magnesium sulfate)

Sleeping (phenobarbital, benzobarbital, diazepam) (Fig. 3.12);

Tranquilizing (valproic acid derivatives, diazepams) (Fig. 3.13);

Miolaxing (phenytoin, clonazepam, diazepam) (Fig. 3.14);

Cerebroprottement;

Analgesic (Fig. 3.15).

Algorithm of the mechanism of action Antiepileptic agents can be reduced to two main points:

1) the oppression of the pathological hyperactivity of nerve cells in the epileptogenic fire;

2) inhibition of the propagation of hyperactivity from epileptogenic focus on other neurons, prevents excitation and the occurrence of attacks.

In generalized form, it is customary to allocate 3 main mechanisms. antiepilepticactions preparations, in particular:

1) relief of gamke and glycinzage (inhibitory) transmission;

2) suppression of exciting (glutamate and asparthergic) transmission;

3) change of ionic currents (primarily the blockade of sodium channels).

Indications: Epilepsy: large, focal, mixed (including large and focal) epileptic seizures. In addition, painful syndrome is predominantly neurogenic genesis, incl. Essential neuralgia of triple nerve, triple nerve neuralgia with multiple sclerosis, essential glossoparingeal neuralgia. Diabetic neuropathy with pain syndrome. Prevention of attacks in alcoholic abstinence syndrome. Affective and schizoaffective psychosis (as a means of prevention). Nonacharic diabetes of central genesis, polyuria and polydipsia neurogormonal nature.

Epileptic status, somnambulism, various forms of muscle hypertonus, sleep disorders, psychomotor excitement. Convulsive syndrome in editing, eclampsia, poisoning by convulsive poisons.

Fig. 3.12. The mechanism of sleeping action

Figure 3.13. Tranquilizing actions mechanism

Fig. 3.14. Mechanism Miolaxing Actions

Fig. 3.15. Mechanism of anesthetic action

For emergency therapy of acute seizures; when editing As a sedative tool for reducing excitement, voltage, fear. Hyperbilirubinemia. Disorders of behavior associated with epilepsy. Fabry convulsions in children, children's tick. West syndrome.

Side Effects of Anti Epileptic Tools Their group affiliation is determined by the mechanism of action. Thus, drugs that increase the GAB-ergic braking more often are caused by patients with violation of behavioral reactions. Skin reactions in the form of rashes are characterized to a greater extent for drugs affecting sodium cell membranes. In addition, adverse reactions can be determined by the pharmacological variability of the body - idiosyncasia. The idiosyncatic side effects include liver failure, which can develop when using phenytoin, carbamazepine, hollows of valproic acid pancreatitis may occur when taking a valproad; Agranulocytosis - as a result of treatment with phenytine, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, hollows; Aplastic anemia sometimes makes it difficult to treat with phenytin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine; Stevens - Johnson syndrome may occur during the treatment with phenytine, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, Looki region; Allergic dermatitis and serum disease are found when using any of anti-epileptic drugs; The lupus-like syndrome is more common when using phenyotine, carbamazepine. These reactions do not depend on the dose and may occur at any stage of therapy.

Dose-dependent side effects of anticonvulsant can be divided into 3 large groups:

1) on the part of the central nervous system (phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, benzodiazepines, topiramat)

2) Hematologic (Valproat, Carbamazepine, Phenitoin, Phenobarbital)

3) leading to violation of reproductive health (Valproauts).

Dose-dependent side effects from the central nervous system have an important clinical value. Phenytoin and carbamazepine can cause violation of the function of the trunk and cerebellum, with attaccia, dysarthria, nystagm, sometimes diplopia. Tremor can be a dose-dependent stigmatizing consequence of the use of hollows. Paradoxical psychomotor excitation is possible in children taking benzodiazepines and barbiturates. The concentration of benzodiazepine in a serum exceeding 20 μg / ml can lead to severe dysfunction of the brain and stupor. Already after the start of the output of the patient from the stupor, the second wave of this complication is possible, due to the formation of a large number of toxic 10,11 epoxy metabolites. Cognitive side effects can be observed in therapy with topiramomat, mainly during the titration period, with a rapid increase in the dose of the drug.

Complications from blood formation organs When using anticonvulsants, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, as well as complex - aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis and megaloblastic anemia can clinically can manifest. Megaloblastic anemia may be observed with long-term use of phenytine. Phoenitium treatment, carbamazepine can be complicated by agranulocytosis. Thrombocytopenia is characteristic of phenyotine, carbamazepine and especially valproic acid, which has a depressing effect on platelet aggregation and depletes fibrinogen reserves, which can lead to an increase in bleeding. Valproids cause hyperandrogenism among girls, dangerous during puberty.

Some adverse reactions to anticonvulsive facilities associated with their induced influence on liver enzymes. This effect is most pronounced in phenobarbital, carbamazepine and phenytoin. Enterpentine inductors can enhance the removal of drugs that are prescribed simultaneously with them, especially anticonvulsants (such as Latching), corticosteroids, anticoagulants and some antibiotics. Serious problems may occur in the case of increasing metabolism of endogenous substances, for example, secopalcyferol (vitamin D3), which leads to the development of rickets in children; metabolic disorders of steroid and thyroid hormones; An increase in the level of α1 acid glycoprotein, globulin, binding sex hormones, γ-glutamiltransferase and alkaline phosphatase, the ability to cause exacerbation of porphyria.

Contraindications to the appointment of anti-epileptic agents: violation of the liver and pancreas function, hemorrhagic diathesis, acute and chronic hepatitis AV-blockade, myelodepression, intelligent porphyria in history, simultaneous reception of Inhibitors of Mao and Lithium preparations; Miasti; Acute poisoning with drugs that react influence on the CNS, and alcohol; drug addiction, narcotic dependence; chronic alcoholism; Acute pulmonary failure, inhibition of breathing. Adams - Stokes syndrome, heart failure, cachexia; diseases of the blood formation system; Pregnancy, lactation.

Sodium Valproat - Sodium salt Valproee (dipropylocyte) acid.

Pharmacokinetics. After receiving before eating quickly and almost completely (70%) is absorbed in the stomach and the small intestine. In the case of pre-dissolution, bioavailability increases by 10-15%. But you should not dissolve the tablet in mineral water, since the acid can be formed, and the solution will close, although its activity does not decrease. After 1-3 hours, the maximum concentration in the blood plasma is achieved, where sodium valproat is 90% associated with proteins, and 10% is in ionized form. It accumulates mainly in the structures of the CNS, where there is a large amount of gamke transaminase (cerebellum, etc.). To other liquids and tissues of the body penetrates badly: in the CD - 12%; saliva - 0.4-4.5 %; Milk nursing - 5-10%.

The main part of the sodium of the valproate is metabolized in the liver to inactive derivatives, which are derived through the kidneys and intestines. T1 / 2 is about 10 hours. Only about 3% leaves the organism in the form of propionic acid, which can lead to false-positive results on ketonuria, as well as on glucose urine.

Pharmacodynamics. The mechanism is quite complex, not fully studied, does not fully explain the entire variety of clinical effects, since this drug has a wide range of action and is shown almost with all types of attacks. The main in the mechanism of valproatov is the ability to increase the content of GABC (Fig. 3.16) in the CNS, which is due to:

a) the brake influence on the disintegration of the GABA, due to the suppression of the GABC transaminase;

b) enhancing the release of the GABC into the synaptic gap;

c) indirect impact on the synthesis and disintegration of GABC.

Gamma-amine-oil transaminase (GAMK-T) provides the transformation of GABC for amber (succinent, amber) semi-sub-subsidis in the cycle of GABA, is closely associated with the Krebs cycle. Due to the oppression of this enzyme, a large amount of brake mediator GABA accumulates, which leads to a decrease in the activity of excessively excited nerve cells in an epileptic focus. Sodium Valproat does not reduce, and also increases the vigilance of a person, while barbiturates are significantly suppressed. In patients prone to depressive reactions, sodium Valproat increases the mood, improves mental state, reduces fears without causing a hypnogenic effect.

In addition, the Valproat exhibits a moderately pronounced H-cholinolitic effect, as evidenced by the prevention of the tonic seizure caused by nicotine.

Indications: Epilepsy, especially in children.

Fig. 3.16. Neuromediator profiles of sodium valproat.

Note : "+" - activation; "-" - Inhibition, sir - serotonin, N-XP - n-cholinoreceptor, yes - Dopamine, on - Noraderensh, GABA - γ-Schomaslyanian Acid, GABA-T GAMK-TRANSAMINE MPK - glutamatdecarboxylase, bd plot - benzodiazepines plot, Glue - glutamate

Contraindications: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, liver disease, pancreas, hemorrhagic diathesis, increased sensitivity to the drug, alcohol consumption; We should not take the drug to drivers and other persons whose work requires increased attention.

Side effect: decrease in appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, sometimes a violation of the liver function, pancreas (more often than 2-12 weeks after the start of reception does not require discontinuation of treatment, but requires careful observation of the patient's condition); hair loss (0.5%); increase in body weight; Acute hepatoentephalophalopathy (exclusively children under 2 years under polyterapics) hemorrhagically necrotic pancreatitis (extremely rare).

Interaction. Sodium Valproate in combination with dipheninomy phenobarbital displaces both drugs from the proteins and significantly increases the content of their free fractions in the blood. In some cases, the drug against the background of another anti-epileptic agent can lead to the excitation of the body.

Diphenin (Phenitoin) In the chemical structure is a derivative of the compound of the hydantoin (a mixture of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin and sodium hydrocarbonate). The main mechanism of the action of diphenine is the suppression of a non-one epileptic focus in the core of a large brain or in subcortical structures, and the decrease in the irrationation of epileptic discharges to other brain centers and through the efferent nerves to the muscular system. Along with this, the drug reduces the excitability of nerve cells and increases the threshold for secondary trace discharges, which determine the maintenance of epileptic activity in the focus. It is likely that such an effect is due to the oppression of nastrote-dehydrogenase activity in mitochondria of nerve cells, a significant decrease in oxygen consumption in them, and, consequently, insufficient energy supply of epileptic discharges. No less important is the reduced penetration of calcium into nervous cells and ionization of it in cells producing mediators and hormones, capable of provoking the development of epileptic discharges.

Difenin effectively suppresses the propagation of epileptic pulses, without changing the normal function of nerve cells. The drug is significantly weakened, and in the case of long-term intake, it can completely prevent the development of large seizures of seizures in patients with focal or focal, epilepsy.

Indications: epilepsy of various forms (generalized tonic-clonic, simple and comprehensive partial psychomotor seizures); Prevention by the court after injury and neurosurgical operations on the brain.

Contraindications: Ulcerative ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, severe disorders of the liver, kidney function, decompensation of cardiac activity, diseases of the hematopoietic system.

Side effect Triad symptoms (Nistagm, diplopia, ataxia), gum hyperplasia.

Carbamazepine Unlike diphenin, which suppresses the spread of epileptic discharges in the brain, acts mainly on the nervous cells of the spine and oblong brain. His anticonvulsant activity is less than the diphenine almost 3 times. Carbamazepine normalizes the metabolism, activates the choline and adrenergich. Mediator systems, has a high antidepressant effect. It significantly suppresses the activity of Na +, K + -atfase, reduces the increased level of the CAMF, which is considered as the main mechanism of its anti-epileptic effect. After his reception, patients with treatment increases, the mood increases, interest in the surrounding, depression, fear, hypochondria decreases.

Indications: All forms of epilepsy, especially "temporal" form with aura, myoclonic and tonic-clonic cramps of the face muscles.

Contraindications: Pregnancy, bronchial asthma, blood disease, violation of the functions of the liver, kidneys.

Side effect. Of course, the side reactions appear in the first week after the start of treatment, more often in older people in the form of nausea, anorexia, vomiting, dizziness, ataxia, allergic reactions. Sometimes the strengthening of seizures is also occurring, especially in children. Rarely jaundice, changes in blood pattern (thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, etc.), peripheral neuritis.

Interaction. With a combination of carbamazepine with diphenin, the level of the latter in the blood plasma may increase due to the delay of its metabolism. Diphenin and phenobarbital reduce the level of carbamazepine in the blood plasma due to the acceleration of its biotransformation.

Recently, a group of drugs of new generation appeared, in particular, Latchinhazhin, Tiagabin, etc. They have a different mechanism of action, but the final effect is to reduce the level of exciting (glutamic acid) or the accumulation of brake mediators (GABS, Glycine) in the CNS. Tiagabin (Gabitril) is, in contrast to an irreversible Blocker GABC, its functional block.

Lookifin Blocks the long-lasting high-frequency discharge of neurons in the same manner as depair and carbamazepine. It is assumed that this effect is mediated by the overwhelming effect on the potential-dependent sodium channels of neurons and the elongation of the refractory period of the cell. Lookinzhin inhibits the release of exciting glutamic acid, indicates the possible neuroprotective effect of this drug. Lusotein is well absorbed when taking inside (both when taking food, and without it). Bioavailability close to 100 %. Serum concentration is achieved 2-3 hours after taking the drug. Latching metabolizer in the liver, mainly by conjugation with glucuronic acid. Its main metabolite is a 2-N-conjugate of glucuronic acid - is displayed with urine.

Indications: Resistant to other preparations of the form of epileptic seizures, first of all, partial, primary and second-geneneralized, absans, atonic, Lennox syndrome - Gasta.

Side effect Allergic reactions in the form of skin rashes, angioedema edema, diplopia, impairment of vision, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, when combined with hollows - squamous dermatitis.

Interaction Diphenin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine reduce the concentration of Looki. Valproate increases (up to 2 or more times) the concentration of Lusotodzhina, taking into account the potentiation effect of the interaction of Lamotridge and the Valproat, recreated to prevent the development of side effects to prescribe a dose of Lusotezhina not higher than 250 mg / day.

Topiramat Well absorbed after taking inside (both with food, and without it). The maximum blood plasma concentration is achieved in 2-4 hours after reception. Approximately 15% of the drug binds to plasma proteins. Only a slight amount of topiramate is metabolized in the liver, whereas about 80 % The drug is excreted unchanged with urine.

Pharmacodynamics Topiramat blocks the stress-dependent sodium channels of the membrane, the activity of the GABA in the non-heavenzodiazepine places of GABA receptors. Blocks the corresponding types of glutamate postsynaptic membrane receptors.

Indications: Epilepsy (large tonic-clonic seizures, astatic (fall) in Lennox syndrome - garist as an additional preparation in cases resistant to other drugs).

Side effect Ataxia, decrease in concentration, confusion of consciousness, dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness, paresthesia, impaired thinking.

Anticonvulsant preparations for epilepsy are necessary. Drugs prevent death, repeated occurrence of epileptic attacks.

For the treatment of pathology, drugs of a group of tranquilizers, anticonvulsants are selected. The choice of drugs in children and adults is different. Read the details in the article.

Anticonvulsant Preparations for Epilepsy: List

A list of common anticonvulsant drugs against epilepsy:

1. Beklamide;
2. Carbamazepine;
3. Phenobarbital;
4. Primidon;
5. Clonazepam;
6. Phenytoin;
7. Valproat.

With the use of the described drugs, various types of epilepsy are bought - temporal, focal, cryptogenic, idiopathic. When appointing tablets, it is necessary to carefully refer to complications, since drugs often provide adverse reactions.

Preparations for small cramps:

1. Trimetadone;
2. Etosuximide.

The rationality of the assignment of data of tablets in children is confirmed by clinical experiments, since they are formed a smaller number of adverse reactions.

Due to the high toxicity, scientists are constantly looking for new funds, since the use of common groups is limited to a number of reasons:

• The need for long-term admission;
• Extensive spread of epileptic attacks;
• The need to treat concomitant neurological and mental illness;
• Increasing the number of cases of the disease in the elderly.

Most of the medical costs fall on the treatment of cases of recurrences. Such patients get used to drugs that are used for several years. The disease progresses against the background of taking tablets, injections.

In resistance to therapy, there is a whole bouquet of dangerous accompanying complications - depression, stroke, oligophrenia.

The main task of the competent purpose of anticonvulsant drugs from epilepsy is the choice of an optimal dose that allows you to monitor the disease, but leading to minimal side effects.

The bioavailability of each person is individual, the timing of therapy varies - these factors play a significant role when choosing tactics of therapy. A gradual increase in the amount of remissions saves additional means by reducing the number of bed-days. An increase in the multiplicity of techniques of outpatient care allows you to optimally select the dosage of anti-epileptic drugs.

Anticonvulsant tools from epilepsy - generics or natural drugs

Treatment of epilepsy drugs is long, therefore the price of the drug is played a significant role. For registration of generics requires a definition of bioavailability when compared with original drugs. Anti-epileptic agents are prescribed to reduce the number of relapses, reduce the severity of pathological attacks.

There are a number of European studies indicating the appearance of epileptic seizures when using synthetic drugs, including a similar substrate, as used by the natural analogue. The effect appears due to different bioavailability of generics and natural analogues. The mechanism of metabolism, catabolism of many synthetic drugs is not sufficiently studied, so this choice is not always rational.

How to cure epilepsy and can it be done

Treatment of epilepsy with anticonvulsant drugs in children is carried out by a group of hollows, the availability of which reaches 100%. Clinical practice shows the effectiveness of the use of this group in a child with tonic-clonic, myoclonic cramps. In infants, the hollows are used to treat generalized forms accompanied by secondary attacks.

List of anti-epileptic hollows:

1. Depakin;
2. Convolex;
3. Apilexin;
4. Etosuximide;
5. Phenytoin;
6. Cabamazepine;
7. Encorate;
8. Walparin XP.

When choosing the desired drug, it is necessary to take into account all clinical symptoms, carry out a thorough diagnosis of the patient's condition.

Before the treatment of epileptic attacks, children need compliance with some principles:

• Food mode;
• Medical treatment with anti-kvulsants;
• Psychotherapeutic techniques;
• Neurosurgical operations.

When appointing medication for a child, it is necessary to evaluate toxicity. To reduce the number of negative actions, you need to start therapy with minimal dosage. A gradual increase in concentration is carried out before the cessation of attacks. If the tool does not help, a gradual cancellation is required. The described concept of "monotherapy" is common in the world. European doctors are based on reducing drug toxicity for children.

Researchers of different countries of the world describe the errors of this scheme, but alternative techniques are not specified. The errors of the use of several drugs are also described in the literature. Polyteralic side effects arise much more.

When prescribing several anticonvulsant drugs in low doses, the toxicity of each drug is separate. With this approach, anticonvulsant activity is not achieved, but toxicity increases sharply.

Polyterals with several drugs leading to the strengthening of attacks, since the primary reason is difficult to diagnose. It is impossible to ignore the intellectual problems arising from the increase in tranquilizers in the blood, contracted drugs.

It is not possible to establish the true cause of the disease in most cases, therefore it is impossible to direct the therapy exclusively to the focus of hyper-excitation. Removing the increased excitability of cerebral tissue with chemical compounds leads to a short-term effect.

The use of polyterapics in epilepsy was carried out. Experiments revealed a better diagram of combined disease therapy:

• Consistent change in the dose over the week;
• Mandatory control of laboratory indicators every 3 days;
• If the cessation of attacks is reached, you should choose a medicine that led to the restoration of the state. Prescribed in a dose that stabilized the patient's condition;
• Permanent tracking of blood hollow bloods. The concentration adequately reflects the body's reaction to therapeutic measures. Drug inxication is often observed in children, so the level of toxins should be constantly monitored;
• In the treatment of anticonvulsants, the development of hematological pathology is possible, violation of the functionality of the liver. Biochemical blood test allows you to study the level of cholestase indicators. The enzymes of Alat, asat reflect the degree of lesion of hepatocytes. US physicians talk about the need to control all biochemical indicators, since the treatment of many internal organs is possible in the treatment of anticonants;
• Anti-epileptic drugs are canceled gradually. The sharp refusal of barbiturates is especially dangerous. A group of patients cancel these drugs causes the formation of epileptic status - a series of loss of consciousness, muscle seizures.

What to do if you got a sun burn

Obviously, drug therapy in epilepsy should be selected individually psychiatrist.

Tablets from Epilepsy: List, Destination Scheme

List of epilepsy pills:

1. Phenytoin;
2. Topiramat;
3. Vigabatrin;
4. Valproic acid;
5. Benzobarbital;
6. Acetasolamide;
7. Clonazepam;
8. Midazolam;
9. Diphenin;
10. Nitrazempam

The most common pills from epilepsy in the Russian Federation are representatives of the Valproic acid group.

List of drugs of this group:

• Convolex;
• Convulsofin;
• Depakin-Chrono;
• Tegretol;
• Finlepsin Retard;
• PAGLUFUFERAL;
• Luminal.

When using Dormicum and Seduksen (Diazepam), the minimum number of side effects can be traced.

Treatment of epilepsy folk remedies - patient reviews

For preventing attacks, folk remedies reducing the number of relapses:

1. The use of the juice of the raw bow leads to a decrease in the number of repeated cramps, but only with a competent combination with anti-epileptic pills;
2. Valerian Drug in use overnight soothes the activity of the cerebral tissue, therefore the number of relapses decreases. The effectiveness of this drug is quite low, therefore it is recommended to use Valerian only as a supplement to therapy. For therapeutic purposes at home, you can cook roots on water with a duration of 15 minutes;
3. Metrogen tincture is used 2 teaspoons of crushed raw materials after insisting on alcohol solution;
4. Pour 2 tablespoons of raw materials for 2 hours. For the treatment of epilepsy, it is recommended to use 500 ml of tincture immediately after eating. Appointment - for the treatment of insomnia;
5. The May Lily of the Lilyside is used in the form of a beam. For treatment, it is recommended that 15 grams of flowers dissolved in 200 ml of boiled water are recommended. We advise the use of ragum 2 teaspoons;
6. The tincture of a soft submarine is recommended for consumption of 2 tablespoons. It is necessary to insist 2 spoons of grass per liter of boiled water. For treatment, half a glass is required 4 times a day;
7. Gorzvet (Spring Adonis) is accepted simultaneously with codeine and bromine. For treatment it is necessary to prepare the following composition - 6 grams of grass are poured boiling water. After the filping, 3 tablespoons are used;
8. White mistletoe is prepared 15 grams of fruits and branches by dissolving in 200 ml of boiled water. For treatment, it is recommended for receiving three times per day on a tablespoon;
9. Stone oil includes more than 70 beneficial substances. The tool has an immunomodulatory, antispasmodic effect. The Siberian recipe suggests breeding in 2 liters of water 3 grams of stone oil. Therapy duration is 1 month;
10. Maryan root is used for paralysis, neurasthenia, epileptic cramps. For the preparation of the medicine, it follows for a week to insist 3 tablespoons of the plants in half the liter of alcohol. Consume three times a day on a teaspoon;
11. The smell of resin Mirra has a regenerator action on the brain. For treatment, you need to place a resin indoors, where a person is. Therapy duration is 1.5 months;
12. Skvortsova's drink is a unique drug that has a patent. The drug is used to restore the balance of the nervous system, improving conductivity, normalization of memory, improving performance, improved vision and smell, restoration of the cardiac system.

Features of the diet is a large number of fats, so the menu is not recommended for people with severe obesity. A ketogenic diet is not appointed with renal or liver failure, chronic diseases of parenchymal organs.

Diet therapy does not apply with atherosclerosis, diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Ration ketogenic diet:

• A large number of fiber (cereal products, bran);
• Taking power no later than 3 hours before sleep;
• Liquid limitation;
• Fats - without restrictions.

Approximate menu of a ketogenic diet in adults:

1. Salad with cottage cheese and carrots;
2. Borsch with melligents;
3. Big orange;
4. Fish fillet with lemon;
5. Kissel with a sugar;
6. Vermishel meat soup;
7. Chicken roll with egg;
8. Fruit salad with yogurt;
9. Tea with crackers and milk;
10. Cabbagels;
11. A cheese sandwich.

A ketogenic diet in children contains a similar menu, but is prescribed without much restrictions, since atherosclerosis does not occur in children, the acquired heart defects are rare enough.

Anticonvulsant drugs are narrow drugs intended for eliminating muscle spasms and other signs of epileptic attack. Some types of drugs can be taken together to achieve a better effect, and some are initially aimed at a complex combating disease.

Since tablets and drug powders are not only eliminated from sudden seizures, but also facilitate the course of the disease as a whole, they are often classified as medicinal products (AELS). The first successful attempts to treat anticonvulsants were taken at the end of the XIX - early twentieth century. In 1857, potassium bromide was used to combat epilepsy, in 1912, phenobarbital began to be actively used, and in 1938 the list of anti-epileptic medicines was replenished with phenytin. Today, around the world, including the Russian Federation, more than thirty items are used to eliminate epilepsy symptoms.

Basic groups of medicines

Anticonvulsant drugs are applied depending on the focus of the epileptic attack and the severity of key symptoms. According to modern classification, several types of anti-epileptic drugs are distinguished:

• anticonvulsant barbiturates;
• drugs formed from Gidantoin;
• drug-oxazolidinones;
• preparations based on succinimide;
• iminolbena;
• tablets containing benzodiazepines;
• valproic acid-based medicines;
• other anticonvulsant drugs.

The main task of each group of drugs is to suppress spontaneously emerging muscle spasms without the subsequent oppression of the central nervous system and the formation of various psychophysical deviations. Any type of preparation is appointed by a doctor in a strictly individual order after the comprehensive diagnosis of the patient and determining the affected brain section. Since epilepsy arises due to the formation of an excessive amount of intense electric pulses in the neurons of the brain, the priority phase in the fight against the disease should be the corresponding drug intervention, which implies the suppression of the activity of the affected areas of the brain and the normalization of the work of its other sections.

Features of application

Acceptance of anticonvulsant drugs lasts for several years to the patient's complete recovery, or throughout the lifetime, if the causes of epilepsy lies in
Genetic predisposition or the disease gained a heavy chronic form. In some cases, a surgery for eliminating the affected segment of the brain with further conduct of the patient's rehabilitation course is proposed as a supplement to medication treatment. Surgical intervention is shown only on the recommendation of the doctor after the appropriate diagnosis. Postoperative complications occur quite rarely and can be expressed in the form of numbness or short-term paralysis of the part of the body, which was most susceptible to convulsive reactions, as well as in the loss of some cognitive abilities due to the removal of a brain portion.

Anticonvulsant drugs, in turn, have a number of side effects and contraindications with which it is necessary to get acquainted before taking medication from epilepsy. It is also worth being extremely honest with the attending physician, since, depending on the availability of a different type of disease in the body, a specialist can prescribe additional media immunity, as well as choose the most gentle pills that shoot convulsions. Especially attentive should be pregnant women, allergies, people with impaired central nervous system, psycho-emotional deviations, patients with problem liver, impaired blood circulation or renal failure. You can read more about the side effects of each drug below in the table below.

Mechanisms of impact on the body

Tablets and medicinal powders from epileptic seizures also differ in the mechanism of impact on the basic receptors of the body. There are three main criteria for which the effectiveness of the drug in each individual case of epilepsy development is determined:

• Interaction with the main gamma-aminobacual acid receptors (GABA) responsible for the braking and neurons excitation reactions. Stimulating receptors with medicines allows to reduce the intensity of the generation of pulses with neurons and improve the braking process. Valproic acid based tablets, anticonvulsant barbiturates (phenobarbital), preparations, which include benzodiazepines (diazepam, clonazepams, etc.), Vigabolin tablets are included;
• Reducing the activity of glutamate receptors and their subsequent blocking. Glutamate is one of the main stimulating components of the nervous system, therefore, to effectively reduce the intensity of electrical pulse in neurons, it is necessary to reduce the as many active glutamate receptors;
• Blocking the functions of sodium and potassium channels in nerve cells for slow-down synaptic transmission of pulses and, as a result, eliminate involuntary muscle spasms. Similar effect provide carbamazepine preparations, tablets of the valproee group, phenytoin and others.

To date, about 70% of people suffering from light shapes of epileptic seizures are successfully cured by the disease through the use of anti-epileptic agents. However, effective disposal of epilepsy symptoms at the heavier stages of the disease remains a relevant issue for scientists and epileptologist specialists from around the world. Any medicinal tool must meet the special quality criteria, which includes the duration of the patient's body, high efficiency with various partial and generalized attacks (especially in mixed types of disease), antiallergenic properties, lack of sedative impact on the central nervous system, which is in the occurrence of drowsiness, apathy, breakdown, as well as medication dependence and addictive.

Descriptions of medicines

Anticonvulsant drugs are divided according to the effectiveness of the impact on the body with a certain type of epileptic attack. The table contains the main types of seizures, a list of drugs directed against the symptoms of one or another attack, as well as the basic properties of each of the drugs.

Types of epileptic attack	Name of the drug	Properties and contraindications
Psychomotor and large convulsive seizures, Epileptic status	Phenytoin	The drug located in the group of derivatives of Gidantoin. Directed on the inhibition of active nerve receptors, stabilization of the neuronal membranes of the cellular body. Removes the convulsive reactions of the body. It has a number of side effects: shiver, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, involuntary movement or rotation of the eyes. In the case of pregnancy, it is imperative to consult a doctor before taking a medicine.
Psychomotor and large convulsive seizures	Carbamazepine	Knips heavy attacks of epilepsy by braking neuropsychic processes in the body. It has increased activity at intense stages of the disease. During the reception, the patient's mood improves, but has side effects, causing drowsiness, dizziness, blood circulation disorders. The drug cannot be taken with allergies and pregnancy.
Psychomotor and large convulsive seizures, epileptic status	Phenobarbital	It has an anticonvulsant effect and is often used in conjunction with other anti-epileptic means. It has sedative properties, soothing and normalizing the patient's nervous system. Take pills needed for a long time and cancel the cancellation gradually, since the medication has the property to accumulate in the patient's body. Sudden termination of the reception of phenobarbital can provoke involuntary epileptic attacks. Side Effects: Suppression of the functions of the nervous system, blood pressure disorders, the appearance of allergies, difficult breathing. The drug cannot be taken in the first three months of pregnancy and during breastfeeding period, as well as people with renal failure, alcohol and narcotic dependence, developed muscular weakness.
Psychomotor attacks, epileptic status, light shapes of attacks, myoclonic epilepsy	Clonazepam	It is used to eliminate involuntary convulsive manifestations, reduce their intensity during an attack. Tablets have a relaxing effect on the patient's muscles and soothes the central nervous system. As side effects, the disorders of the musculoskeletal system, nausea, the development of the protracted depression, irritability, fatigue should be distinguished. Contraindicated in acute renal failure and diseases of the liver, pregnancy, muscular weakness, active work requiring concentration of attention and physical endurance. During the preparation of the drug, it is recommended to abandon alcohol.
Psychomotor and severe partial attacks, light shapes of seizures, clonic-tonic convulsions	Lookifin	Stabilizes the activity of neurons of the brain, blocks glutamate receptors, without preventing the free release of the amino acids generated in cells. Due to the direct impact on nerve cells, the number of convulsive seizures is reduced, with time completely eliminating them. As a side effect, an allergic reaction may be developed or skin rash is formed, in rare cases passing into the skin disease. Also there are dizziness, nausea, vomiting, blurredness, headaches, mental disorders, insomnia, tremor, diarrhea. During the taking medication, it is not recommended to engage in activities requiring a high concentration of attention and fast psychomotor reaction.
Psychomotor and heavy convulsive seizures, light shapes of attacks, myoclonic epilepsy	Sodium Valproat	It has a braking effect on the GAMK receptors, thus reducing the intensity of the generation of electric pulses in the brain neurons. Eliminates the emotional concern of the patient, increases the mood and stabilizes the mental state. Causes side effects in the form of a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, disorders of consciousness, tremor, the development of mental disorders, circulatory disorders and blood coagulation, increasing body weight, skin rashes. The drug cannot be taken with the diseases of the liver, pancreas, various forms of hepatitis, hypersensitivity, hemorrhagic diathesis, pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Psychomotor and heavy partial seizures, myoclonic epilepsy	Primidon	Through the activity of neurons in the affected section of the brain, eliminates involuntary muscle spasms. It is not recommended for receiving children and people of elderly due to the likelihood of motor anxiety and psychomotor excitation. The drug has side effects expressing in drowsiness, headaches, apathy, nausea, anxiety, anemia, allergic reactions, drug addiction. Contraindicated in renal failure and diseases of the liver, pregnancy, breastfeeding.
Various partial and generalized seizures	Beclamid	It has a blocking effect on the formation of electric pulses in the neurons of the brain, thereby reducing their excitability and eliminating convulsive seizures. It has some side effects: weakness, dizziness, manifestation of allergies, irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
Epileptic status in children, focal attacks	Bennzobamil	Tablets are considered less toxic compared to phenobarbital and bench. The drug has a sedative effect on the central nervous system, relieves muscle spasms, it may cause a decrease in blood pressure. Among the side effects you can allocate apathy, drowsiness, lethargy, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, involuntary eye movements. Contraindicated in renal failure, liver diseases, severe heart failure.

The table contains a list of anticonvulsant drugs that are most actively used in medicine, which have a comprehensive effect on the patient's brain activity. The use of each of the above-mentioned anti-epileptic drugs should be coordinated with the attending physician and are accepted strictly according to the instructions. Then treatment of epilepsy will pass more intense, which will allow as soon as possible to forget about periodically emerging convulsive epileptic attacks.

Probably, each at least once in his life experienced on himself what a convulsion is. These are involuntary cerebral symptoms that can lead to a violation of consciousness, emotional disorders or strongest fibers in their hands or legs.

If the convulsions happen often with you often, then this is the reason why urgently need to contact the doctor. They can signal serious diseases not only in the nervous system, but also in other organs. After a survey, the doctor will definitely prescribe the appropriate treatment, which will include anticonvulsant drugs to reduce the frequency of attacks.

Causes of convulsive states

Causes may appear in a person in different periods of life, to the most frequent reasons of such states can be attributed to:

In order to get rid of such problems, it is necessary to accurately determine their cause, because in each case, anticonvulsant drugs are prescribed individually.

Varieties of convulsion

You can bring such a classification of convulsive states:

1. Generalized convulsions. They most often capture the whole organism, such as, for example, during epilepsy attacks.

• Clonic. There is a change of muscle tension, twitching is observed.
• Tonic. Muscular fiber spasm.
• Tonic-clonic. Mixed cramps that are characterized by both alternating involuntary twitching and spasm.

2. Local. Observed in certain muscles, such as calf convulsions.

Generalized convulsions are more serious because they affect the entire body. They may be accompanied by loss of consciousness.

Any convulsive states have the reason that it is necessary to identify to prescribe adequate treatment.

Epilepsy, its causes and symptoms

This is a disease of the nervous system, it is characterized by sudden during which convulsions cover the entire body of the patient. If a person put the correct diagnosis, then there is an opportunity using new generation anticonvulsant preparations, achieve good results.

To the main reasons for epilepsy can be attributed:

• Damage to brain neurons.
• Pathology during pregnancy.
• Generic injuries.
• Hereditary factor.
• Blood impairment in brain structures.
• Oxygen starvation of the brain.
• Viral infections.

Many doctors still cannot speak with high accuracy about the reasons for the emergence of this disease in each particular person.

The most common and vivid symptom of this disease are convulsive seizures. They happen periodically and always start suddenly. During the attack, the patient absolutely does not react to the external stimuli, after his end, a person usually feels weakness, but does not remember the attack itself.

The fit can cover and not the whole body, then the patient simply loses consciousness, or observed the spasms of the facial muscles and illogical, the same type of movement.

Diagnosis "Epilepsy" can be diagnosed only after a thorough examination. If you assign timely and correct treatment, in most cases it is possible to avoid attacks, and the quality of human life is significantly improved.

Treatment of epilepsy

Most patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy becomes the path of recovery, if the treatment is appointed correct, and the patient and his family members take an active part in this process.

In the treatment, it is very important not easy to appoint anticonvulsant drugs (with epilepsy), but to solve a number of tasks:

1. Find out the causes of attacks.
2. If possible, eliminate the influence of the factors that can become provocateurs of seizures.
3. Put the correct diagnosis of epilepsy.
4. Prescribe adequate treatment with medical drugs. It may be inpatient treatment.
5. Much attention to spending rest, social problems, employment of patients.

Among the basic principles of treatment of epilepsy can be noted:

• Selection of medicine that will match the type of seizure. Anticonvulsants are prescribed (these drugs helps to eliminate or soften the attacks).
• It is desirable to use monotherapy, that is, to use one drug from convulsive states.
• The use of physiotherapeutic treatment.

Anticonvulsant drugs

You can cite the following classification that is used for drugs from seizures.

1. Benzodiazepines. This group includes: "Diazepam", "clonazepam", "Dormicum" and others. These medicines are used to remove the attack and for its prevention.
2. Valproids. Anticonvulsant drugs of this group prevent the nerve impulse, so the attacks are becoming less. These include: "Assyprol", "Apilexin" and many others.
3. "Lookidin". It is usually used in complex epilepsy therapy until the patient's state normalization.
4. Derivatives of Gidantoin. This includes "diphenin", it reduces the excitability of nerve cells. It has an anticonvulsant action.
5. Sukcinoids. According to its action similar to the preparation of the previous group.
6. Oxazolidindion derivatives. It is "trimetin", which is ineffective with complex and extensive cramps, and with local can be useful.
7. Iminolbena. This includes "Finlepsin", it does not give reproduce the repeated potentials of the action, which just underlie a convulsive activity.
8. Anticonvulsant preparations of a group of barbiturates belong to the old generation drugs. Compared to modern drugs, they are already ineffective, so it is still less common. In addition, with long-term reception, they are addictive.

Any anticonvulsant drugs in epilepsy must appoint a doctor. Only in this case can be guaranteed effective treatment. It is worth considering that with sharply cancellation, the state can deteriorate, so the doctor picks up the doctor for the entire course of treatment.

Treatment of convulsive states in children

Successors in childhood happen much more often than adults. This may be caused by many reasons, ranging from brain diseases and ending with the usual high temperature during a viral infection.

The predisposition of young children to frequent convulsions can be explained by the immaturity of brain structures. At the first symptoms of the attack, it is necessary to take all necessary measures to stop it, otherwise irreversible changes in the central nervous system.

By the degree of danger, anticonvulsor drugs for children can be divided into two groups:

1. Preparations, practically not depressing breathing. These include benzodiazepines: "Droperidol", "Lidocaine".
2. Funds depressing breathing. These are barbiturates, "magnesium sulfate."

If you have diagnosed in your child a convulsive fit, then it is not necessary to wait for his repetition, and it is necessary to urgently contact the doctor. With single seizures during high temperatures, the next time you should not wait for the thermometer's column will rise above 38 degrees, knock it out before and do not provoke the attack.

If such states in the child are often observed, he will be prescribed treatment. Any anticonvulsant applies strictly in the dosage that the doctor prescribed. Children in early age most often use "phenobarbital".

It not only prevents the appearance of convulsion, but also calms the nervous system and has a small sleeping bag.

Doctors to children are often prescribed in the treatment of such states one anti-escrow, this is a mixture of the seasy and its variety. It includes: luminal, caffeine and papaverine. In combination, they relieve spasms well and improve the nutrition of nervous cells.

Muscular spasm in the legs

If the epileptic fit, which is accompanied by convulsions, the phenomenon is relatively infrequent, since the percentage of such patients is relatively small, then a sharp spasm in the legs, probably, experienced almost every person. It appears at the time when the muscle ceases to shrink. Most often, such a phenomenon can be observed in the calf muscle. Such spasm usually lasts a few minutes. After its end, the pain may disappear without a trace, and in some cases a few more days you can feel pain in the muscle.

Often, such attacks happen at night, some remember the feeling when in the water during swimming at sea, in this case it is desirable that someone was near and assisted.

If you have often it happens quite often, it is worth not going away from this problem, but you need to consult a doctor.

Causes of foot cramps

If we talk about the reasons that can provoke the development of a sharp spasm of muscles in the leg, then the following can be noted:

1. Idiopathic arises for an unknown reason, most often at night, especially in the elderly people. Known problems and athletes. According to scientists, it arises when the muscle is in the abbreviated state, and the nervous system sends an even impulse to the reduction. If you periodically train the muscles and perform stretching exercises, you can reduce the number of such attacks or eliminate them at all.
2. Another group of convulsion can signal about a number of problems in the body:

• Dehydration.
• Pregnancy.
• Flatfoot.
• Excess weight.
• The lack of calcium and magnesium.
• Nervous overvoltage.
• Thyroid diseases.
• Dibalance potassium and sodium in the blood.
• The narrowing of the arteries of the legs, which is often observed in smokers.
• Alcohol abuse.
• Precooling legs.
• The lack of vitamins of the group B, the lack of vitamins D, E.

As we see, the causes of the mass by which cramps in the legs can disturb you and complicate your life.

First aid and treatment of cramps

When a person drives his leg or hand, the first priority is to remove this attack as quickly as possible. What can be recommended to make the spasm stop?

• Stand on the leg, which bore, just sticking to the chair. The effect is although it is painful, but is considered quite effective.
• You can put the leg under hot water, if there is such an opportunity.
• Press the middle of the muscle sharply.
• Make self-massage, ranging from the ankle to the hip itself.
• Both hands clap and pull up and on yourself.
• Try to pinch yourself several times for the spasmated place.
• The advice from athletes is to make an injection pin into the muscle.

After you manage to remove the painful spasm of the muscles, it is advisable not to pull a visit to the doctor, especially if you are often visited by convulsions. Treatment should be appointed by a doctor, taking into account the established causes of such a state.

You can cope with this problem in several ways:

• Medication treatment.
• Using folk remedies.
• Special gymnastics.

If we talk about drug treatment, then the best anticonvulsant drugs for legs are "orthocallations + magnesium" and "Orto Taurine Ergo".

The first medicine is saturated with magnesium organism, as well as other minerals and vitamins, without which the normal work of the muscles is impossible. Sometimes after the first application, the effect is noticeable, but most often it is necessary to undergo a monthly treatment course by this drug.

Orto Taurin Ergo is even more effective, it is prescribed even with epileptic seizures. He, like all the anticonvulsants (anticonvulsant drugs), removes the attack. Its effect is enhanced by the presence of vitamins E, B, zinc and lipoic acid.

Doctors often prescribe anticonvulsant drugs for the legs of a new generation, because they not only help to quickly remove spasm, but also reduce mental and physical fatigue.

An even greater effect will be achieved if these two drugs: "orthocallations + magnesium" and "Orto Taurine Ergo" - will be taken together. Spasms will disturb everything less often, and the treatment will go faster.

The rate of treatment and ego efficiency can positively affect gymnastics. Some exercises (better to perform them in the morning) will help you quickly come back to your muscles:

1. Standing near the chair, put the foot cross-crosswise and rely on the outer sides. After a few seconds, take the starting position.
2. Sitting on the chair, bend the fingers from all his strength, and then straighten.
3. From the standing position, lift on the socks, so that the heels fall behind the floor, and then drop sharply.
4. Before bed, you can perform rotational movements in the footsteps, as well as the bending and extension of the toes.

The ability of traditional medicine is also not worth discounting. Lekari offer the following tips for foot cramps:

1. Daily in the morning and in the evening I rub the lemon juice into the skin's legs. It's not worth wider, it is necessary that he absorbed himself.
2. Lavra oil helps well. You can prepare it in the following way: 50 grams of the sheet should be pouring 250 ml of vegetable oil and leave for two weeks in a dark place. After the filping, it is necessary to smear the place where the convulsion is most often driven.
3. Mix the juice of Cepurel and Vaseline in the proportion of 1: 2, this mixture shake hands or legs where spasms occur.

Any disease requires an integrated approach. The exceptions are not convulsions. Treatment will be more efficient if the drugs, folk remedies and exercise are jointly used.

Prevention of convulsive states

If the cause of convulsion is epilepsy, it requires serious treatment. Only regular reception of drugs and fulfill all the recommendations of doctors will avoid periodic convulsive seizures.

With frequent muscles in hand or legs, you can advise the following recommendations:

1. The diet is to build so that it contains a sufficient amount of all necessary minerals and vitamins.
2. In winter, the supply of elements can be replenished with synthetic vitamins and biological additives.
3. On a day you need to drink about 2 liters of water.
4. It is necessary to limit the consumption of sugar.
5. Do not get drunk caffeine, it is able to flush calcium from the bones.
6. If you are engaged in sports, then you need to properly distribute the load.
7. Do not go into too cold water when we rest on the sea.
8. When you sit on a chair, never put legs for yourself, especially both at once.

If all the same prevention did not help you, and convulsions happen, you should consult a doctor. No need to acquire anticonvulsant drugs without recipes, otherwise you can only harm yourself even more.

Anticonvulsant drugs Apply to reduce or complete elimination of cramps in the muscles, as well as attacks of epilepsy. This medication group can be used for convulsions that have different nature of origin.

If a person is often bothering such manifestations, it is one of the first reasons why you need to consult a doctor. Such manifestations can talk about the development of serious diseases both on the soil of the nervous system and in other organs.

• Causes can manifest themselves in a person in different periods of life since children's years. And the most often the reasons for their manifestations are considered:
• Congenital malformations in the brain. In such cases, convulsions begin to appear from early childhood.
• Insufficient saturation of oxygen tissues.
• Lack of necessary trace elements.
• Heart injuries.
• Brain tumors.
• High temperature at ORVI.
• Incixation of the body as a result of poisoning.
• Epilepsy.

In order to get rid of the problem, you need to put an accurate diagnosis. This is necessary in order to designate anticonvulsants precisely with the individual characteristics of the human body.

If a convulsion occurs, a person is experiencing not only spasm, but also strong pain. The actions of anticonvulsant drugs should be aimed at eliminating symptoms, relief signs, removal of pain. These drugs should reduce pain, eliminate muscle spasm without oppression of the central nervous system.

Any anticonvulsant is selected individually, taking into account the complexity and degree of development of pathology. The dependence on the severity of the disease, medicines can be assigned to both acceptance of all life and for individual phases of the disease.

Fundamentals of therapy for cramps

The treatment of convulsive manifestations should be complex. For this, drugs are used for various impacts:

• Non-steroidal type products that have an anti-inflammatory effect. They are aimed at reducing body temperature, elimination of pain.
• Medicines analgesic group.
• Means for eliminating muscle spasms.
• Preparations for outdoor use, ointments and gels that are used to process inflammation places in muscle spa.
• Soothing drugs to normalize the work of the nervous system.
• Anticonvulsants aimed at eliminating pain symptoms.

Some of the designated drugs has the effect of delaying the development of allergic reactions.

The main groups of anticonvulsants include:

• Iminolben - They are aimed at removing the tension in the muscles, after their reception there is an improvement in the patient's mood.
• Barbiturates are anticonvulsant tools with a sedative. When taking drugs of this group, it must be borne in mind that they contribute to the reduction of blood pressure and have a sleeping recycling effect.
• Anticonvulsant drug based benzodiazepine. Such types of drugs have a pronounced effect, most often they are used in epilepsy and long neuralgic disorders.
• Succinostides are anticonvulsants to remove spasm of individual muscles in neuralgia. Drinks of this type are needed with caution, since side effects are possible in the form of nausea and sleep disorders.

The appointment of drugs is made on the basis of the nature of the origin of convulsion.

Preparations for epilepsy

Any drugs must only be prescribed by the doctor, since they have many contraindications. Popular anticonvulsant drugs include:

• Bennzobamil - The drug has a mild effect on the body, has low toxicity. Contraindicated means for people with kidney pathologies, heart disease.
• Primidon - Anticonvulsant drug, which is used in severe forms of epilepsy. It has a powerful impact on the neurons of the braking nature.
• Pheniton - means used with a minor inhibition of nerve endings. It is prescribed to patients with frequent cramps.
• Voltaren - Anticonvulsant with neurological violations in the spinal field.

Preparations for cramps in the legs

The spasm of the calf muscles most often arises due to pathologies of vessels suffered by injuries, as well as due to lack of microelements in the body. It is possible to remove spasm using anticonvulsant feet drugs. The complex can use tablets and ointments.

The most popular anticonvulsant drugs during cramps in the legs:

• Detralex - The drug is able to reduce venous tension. It is prescribed to strengthen the walls of vessels, capillaries. Regular reception will reduce the manifestation of seizures. Detralex is appointed with night cramps, gravity in the legs, venous insufficiency. This remedy for convulsion not only removes an unpleasant symptom, but also eliminates the cause of pathology. Due to the action of the anticonvulsant drug, the inflammatory process is removed and the blood flow is improved. Allergic reactions may be occurring as side effects. In this regard, the drug is not appointed to children under 18 and pregnant women.

• Venoplabin - This is a cure for cramps in the form of granules. It helps to get rid of painful sensations in varicose veins. Tablets are accepted for half an hour before eating on 8 granules 4 times a day. They need to be dissolved under the tongue. In case of acute condition, 40 granules are bred in water and drink at a time. From side effects, allergies may appear due to the overdose of the drug.

• Venarus - Tablets from convulsions in the legs that increase the elasticity of the walls of vessels, restoring blood flow. It is prescribed when heaviness in the legs, venous insufficiency. The drug can be used to treat varicose veins during pregnancy. The course of treatment is determined by a specialist.

• Troksevazin - anticonvulsant tool aimed at eliminating chronic problems with blood vessels. The main active substance reduces the incidence of capillaries, strengthens the vessels. The tool is used after injuries transferred, varicose insufficiency, elevated pressure.

• Rutaskorbin - This name of the tablets from convulsion is known to many. They have a positive effect on the whole organism. The tool is used in a shortage of vitamins, the defeat of capillaries, swelling in the legs.

Often, seizures in the limbs arise due to the lack of certain components in the human body. In this case, the pills from convulsions in the legs should contain such trace elements like potassium, magnesium and calcium.

As such medicines are assigned:

• Asparkov - the drug in the composition contains potassium and magnesium. It is used both for treatment and for the prevention of convulsions in the limbs.
• Propanorm is an anticonvulsant that has a number of side effects. Without full consultation, the doctor cannot accept it. Propanorm is used for full-fledged seizures in the limbs.
• Calcium D3 is an anticonvulsant drug appointed for rapidly replenishing the body by calcium.
• Magnesium B6 - contributes to the improvement of the nervous arousal of the muscles. Allergic reactions may arise as side effects.

Anticonvulsant drugs for children

Since any anticonvulsant acts oppressingly on the nervous system, as well as the respiratory center, select drugs for children with great care.

Anticonvulsant drugs for children must comply with several criteria. They should not have an overwhelming effect on the psyche of the child. You can give children only hypoallergenic drugs that are not addictive.

Most often, children are discharged by the following drugs:

• Carbamazepine - The drug reduces pain in patients suffering from neuralgia. After several days of reception, the means reduces the feeling of anxiety, the aggressiveness of adolescent decreases, the mood is noticeably improved. Epilepsy attacks are less common. The drug is discharged for children since three years.

• Zeptol. - Medicine from cramps in legs with an anesthetic effect. It is prescribed with the neuralgia of the Tropic nerve and epilepsy. It is made in the form of tablets and is intended for children from three years.
• Walparin - Anticonvulsant drug, not inhibiting breathing. The tool does not affect blood pressure, it can be assigned to children from birth. Most often used during cramps at high temperatures. Children up to three years old drug is appointed in injections.

• Convalelex - Anticonvulsant drugs for children with a mild sedative effect. He is able to cope with convulsions of various nature of origin. The tool is produced in tablets, drops and capsules.
• Sibazon - This is a tranquilizer with an anticonvulsant effect. It is necessary to take with caution, as it is able to reduce blood pressure. It is produced in tablets and intravenous injections. It can be assigned to relieve attacks in children from one year.

If the child has convulsions, it is impossible to undertake any actions. Parents need to urgently cause ambulance and before her arrival to watch the child. No anticipant tool to give a doctor without appointment.

If night cramps are repeated regularly, it is necessary to contact the doctor. It is important to correctly establish the cause of this phenomenon to competently select the necessary drugs.