Title of topics on childhood diseases. Infectious period in childhood infections

When a child is sick, you think it would be better if he got sick himself. Rushing to help your children, do not self-medicate. Some diseases have the peculiarity of “masking” as completely different diseases, and here you can’t do without the help of a specialist.

What are childhood diseases

One of the main places is occupied by the most common childhood diseases. Immediately after the birth of the baby’s gastrointestinal tract, it begins to work in a “new mode”, and the first problems begin with the well-known crying from “gas in the tummy”. Pediatricians recommend laying the baby on the stomach more often, dry heat, dill drops, feeding by the hour. By three months, the pain usually disappears and is safely forgotten.

If at the beginning of life we ​​accustom children to the regime, then over time, often, everything changes. Irregular meals, an abundance of products Bad quality, stuffed with all sorts of "E", are reflected in the child's gastrointestinal tract with emerging gastritis.

Reflux

When a child complains of abdominal pain, suffers from belching with bad smell, you can suspect reflux - inflammation in the esophagus. The reason is the throwing of the contents of the stomach back into the esophagus, the entry of bile into the stomach.

Constipation and diarrhea

Constipation and - intestinal disorders associated with malnutrition and stress. There is even such a thing as a “nervous stomach”. It can also be the result of an infectious disease. The main thing is to find the cause and prescribe the appropriate treatment. If the cause is an infection, you will need to take antimicrobials.

Autoimmune diseases occur due to a malfunction in immune system child. The body is fighting with itself. Need advice and help from an immunologist.

Obesity in children

Childhood obesity can truly be called the disease of the century. Unfortunately, side effect computerization has become, spending more time in front of the monitor screen than on the street. The lack of outdoor games, the abundance of fatty and junk food, consisting of many preservatives, is a provoking factor. fraught with diabetes, liver disease, coronary artery disease and even early heart attack and stroke.

Digestive organs such as the stomach, colon, and small intestine, as well as duodenum have a number of interrelated diseases - gastroenteritis, enterocolitis, duodenitis, peptic ulcer.

These diseases have common symptoms and causes.

Infectious diseases in children

Quite diverse and contagious. With the spread of vaccination, the risk of getting some diseases is practically reduced to zero. But, despite this, it is necessary to know about these diseases.

Viral parotitis (mumps), scarlet fever, poliomyelitis, diphtheria. Pretty impressive list. The source of disease is a virus transmitted from a sick person. All diseases have some incubation period- the time of development of the disease in the body. Infectious diseases are not at all harmless, dangerous complications. Treatment is carried out strictly under medical supervision! All of these diseases are vaccinated and should not be neglected.

Flu

If a person suffers from the diseases described above once, then the infection haunts us throughout our lives. Strengthen the immunity of the child, harden the body, write it down in the sports section, take the child to the sea once a year. Dysentery is a disease of dirty hands. Do not allow children to eat unwashed vegetables and fruits, teach personal hygiene rules, do not buy products in suspicious goods.

Diseases of the urinary system

Children, like adults, are susceptible. Not infrequently, parents bring a child with complaints of pain in the kidneys, pain when urinating, bloody issues. As a rule, these are symptoms of diseases such as urethritis and others. Timely treatment will help to avoid complications, such as stones in the organs of the urinary system.

Respiratory diseases in children

Pneumonia - bacterial with signs of acute respiratory infections. Early treatment is the key to a speedy recovery. Do not start, always seek medical attention.

It occurs due to the spread of a cold to the bronchi. May flow into mild form, and maybe in severe, with a high temperature. Accompanied by a strong dry cough with or without sputum, depending on the degree of the disease. Modern medicines perfectly cope with this disease. Traditional medicine also has effective recipes in its arsenal.

Dental diseases

Dental diseases of children are diseases of the oral mucosa. Low resistance to infections, various injuries, viruses, are the cause of development, seizure. Diseases of the oral cavity are well treated by rinsing with means traditional medicine And medicines at home.

ENT diseases in a child

ENT diseases in children can occur from the first days of life. Inflammatory diseases may occur as a complication of infection. Often , which are expressed and , are delayed due to the developing , . It is very important to treat diseases of the ears, throat and nose in a timely manner, as there is a danger of developing inflammatory process brain tissue, which can be life threatening. Such diseases include inflammation and others.

We have reviewed the list of childhood illnesses, the most common ones that can occur from the first year of life and bring worries to parents.

And finally. In order for children to get sick less, you need to start taking care of this from the first day of life - do not neglect breastfeeding. Only with mother's milk the child gets everything essential vitamins, strong immunity, disease resistance.

Temper the child, let him run barefoot, do not wrap up too warmly, do not rush to give antibiotics for any disease. Children is our future. May they be healthy and beautiful!

The process of getting used to the outside world is often associated with problems, some of which are related to the work of the digestive tract. Quite often, babies have difficulty passing feces, commonly referred to as constipation. An unpleasant phenomenon requires careful ...

Every woman who has become a mother worries about the health of the baby. Most often, young children and their parents are concerned about the problem of irregular stools. To get rid of such a nuisance and facilitate the process of defecation in a child, it is necessary to use a proven ...

Otitis media is an ear disease that occurs mainly in children. The pharmacology market offers a significant number of medicines that help fight this disease, to date. One of these means is Otipax, consider ...

A runny nose is one of the symptoms of a cold. In addition to liquid discharge from the nose, a person has congestion, which makes it difficult to sleep at night. Special sprays or drops help get rid of this condition. But there are times when congestion is not ...

A child's illness is a big stress for parents. Habitual daily routines and routines undergo drastic changes as soon as an infant develops the slightest sign diseases: reduced walking time, limited physical activity crumbs....

All children are very mobile and love to spend time outdoors, where they see a lot of interesting and surprising things. But there are circumstances in which the time of the walk should be cut, or temporarily canceled. The main reason restrictions is a disease. Is it necessary...

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Pediatrics is an independent field of medicine that studies the age-related characteristics of the development of children, childhood diseases, as well as the organization of care for a healthy and sick child. Initially, the focus of pediatrics was exclusively on childhood diseases. early age and their treatment. In the modern sense, pediatrics covers various aspects related to the normal development and diseases of children in various age periods(from birth to puberty). These areas include physiology, hygiene, dietetics, childhood diseases, their treatment and prevention.

In medicine childhood several directions are developing in parallel: preventive, clinical and social. The preventive direction includes the development and implementation of measures to prevent childhood diseases; clinical - direct examination and treatment of a sick child; social - phased rehabilitation and integration of children into society. Anatomical and physiological features of a growing organism determine the originality of the course of those diseases that occur in childhood.

In pediatrics, it is customary to distinguish several age periods of a child's life: the neonatal period (first month), infant (from 1 month to 1 year), early childhood (from 1 to 3 years), preschool (from 3 to 7 years), primary school ( from 7 to 11 years old), senior school or adolescent (from 12 to 17-18 years old) age. In different age periods of a child's development, certain childhood diseases predominantly occur.

So, in the neonatal period, childhood diseases are manifested due to violations prenatal development(asphyxia, fetal hemolytic disease, rickets

The most common symptoms of childhood illness are rash, increased lymph nodes, hyperthermia, runny nose, cough, vomiting, abdominal pain, convulsions. If these and other signs of the disease appear, it is necessary to consult the child with a pediatrician. Each parent should be familiar with the basics of pediatrics, know the main childhood diseases and their manifestations in order to be able to assess the seriousness of the baby's condition, to determine whether the malaise poses an immediate threat to life.

Pediatrics does not stand still: new methods of diagnosing and treating childhood diseases are emerging and being introduced, understanding of the mechanisms of development of diseases in children is developing and deepening. The successes of modern pediatrics have forced many once-fatal childhood diseases to recede. This was facilitated by the creation of vaccines against a number of childhood infectious diseases, the development of balanced artificial mixtures, the emergence of modern antibacterial drugs, improving the quality of diagnosis and treatment of children. However, childhood morbidity remains high; significantly “younger” diseases that were previously considered exclusively the lot of people middle age. Among childhood diseases, cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological diseases, neoplasms, pathology of the musculoskeletal system.

A child is not just a small copy of an adult. The child's body is in a state of continuous development, has a number of anatomical and physiological features, physical and emotional immaturity, which determines the specificity of the course of childhood diseases. The development of childhood diseases is always unpredictable: even a banal runny nose in a child can become fatal if its causes are not recognized in time, the correct etiopathogenetic treatment is not selected, and specialist supervision is not organized. However, due to the high compensatory potential child's body, many diseases that cause chronic pathology or disability in adults can be successfully cured in children.

The origins of many adult diseases come from childhood. Therefore, the state of health of an adult is largely determined by the conditions of growth and development of a little man, care for his health at the very beginning of life. Today, the emphasis in pediatric medicine is shifting towards disease prevention, which includes antenatal protection of the fetus, prevention of birth injuries, organization of careful care for the newborn (ensuring optimal nutrition, sleep and wakefulness, hardening), timely vaccination of children according to national calendar preventive vaccinations, screening programs for the detection of hereditary pathology, the implementation of patronage and dispensary observation. Care about children's health and the prevention of childhood illnesses is a priority component of state policy.

Specialized assistance in the system of children's health care is provided in children's clinics and hospitals, pediatric departments of multidisciplinary medical centers, private children's clinics. It is impossible and ineffective to treat childhood diseases with "adult" methods, therefore, in last years In pediatrics, narrow pediatric areas are distinguished: pediatric cardiac surgery, pediatric traumatology and orthopedics, pediatric neurosurgery, pediatric hematology and oncology, pediatric anesthesiology and resuscitation, etc. The most important components of success in the treatment of childhood diseases are professional approach, the use of high-tech methods of diagnosis and treatment, a trusting relationship between the doctor, parents and child.

Children's diseases cause natural anxiety in adults and the natural desire of parents to learn as much as possible about the causes of diseases and how to treat them. The section of childhood diseases, posted on the pages of the Medical Handbook, acquaints parents with the most common pathology in children different ages, causes and symptoms of diseases, necessary medical procedures and child care activities. On the pages of the site "Beauty and Medicine" you can find recommendations from children's specialists and the most up-to-date information on achievements in the field of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of childhood diseases.

This collection is intended for a wide range of readers. It tells about the most common acute infectious diseases in children. Along with such childhood infections as measles, scarlet fever, chickenpox, etc., diseases are also included that are equally common in adults, but pose a great danger to children. These are influenza and epidemic hepatitis (Botkin's disease), diseases that have attracted particular attention in recent years.

What causes all these diseases, how they are infected and what measures can be taken to prevent them - this is the main content of this section.

The section is intended for a wide range of readers. It provides basic information about common infectious diseases in children. Particular attention is paid to the care of sick children at home and the prevention of infectious diseases.

Infectious diseases in children

Other diseases and injuries occurring in children

The fight against childhood contagious (infectious) diseases has been and remains one of the main tasks of public health.

Especially great importance this struggle is gaining momentum in connection with the decree providing for a sharp decrease in the incidence of infectious diseases and the complete elimination of some of them.

Numerous personnel are engaged in resolving this problem. medical workers, starting with major scientists of all specialties (microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, pediatricians) and ending with nurses. However, in order for this struggle to be more successful, parents must take an active part in it. Without the conscious and active help of the general population, many preventive measures, that is, measures that contribute to the prevention of the disease, become much less effective. But in order to provide this assistance, you need to know the main signs of these diseases, ways of spreading and measures to prevent them.

This section is written to familiarize the general public with the most common childhood infectious diseases and modern methods their prevention and treatment. The so-called childhood infections include: diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles, whooping cough, chickenpox, rubella, mumps, poliomyelitis. The name "children's infections" is widely used, however, these diseases can also occur in adults, but more often they affect children aged 1 to 8 years. The predominant incidence of these infections in childhood is explained by the ease and speed of their spread with a high possibility of contact (especially in childcare facilities, kindergartens, nurseries, schools).

Many parents believe that every child must inevitably endure childhood infectious diseases, and the sooner he gets sick, the easier it will be to endure the disease. This, of course, is not true. It should be remembered that almost every disease can be prevented and that every disease, including infectious, weakens the child's body and inhibits its development, sometimes by long time. The younger the child, the more harm the disease brings him. Therefore, the joint efforts of parents and medical workers should be aimed at preventing the occurrence of infectious diseases, especially in the first years of a child's life.

The socio-economic significance of childhood infectious diseases is also very high: they disrupt the normal life of children's institutions, quarantines take mothers away from production, sometimes for a long time, which interferes with the work of production, creates difficulties in family life and leads to large expenditures of public funds.

Propaedeutics of childhood diseases

In the third edition of Propaedeutics of Childhood Illnesses, all the main sections of the doctrine of a healthy child, his nutrition and care for him were re-examined and subjected to some processing from the standpoint of the basic ideas of the physiological teachings of IP Pavlov. Additions and changes have also been made to all chapters in accordance with new data from the literature and our own experience.

We tried to give the student a short textbook that would allow him not only to learn the basics of the doctrine of a healthy child from the standpoint of creative Soviet Darwinism and the physiological teachings of I.P. Pavlov, but which would interest him and help him fall in love with his future specialty - pediatrics. We wanted the student - the future pediatrician - to understand the enormous significance of knowledge age features a healthy child and a decisive influence on the development of children and the resistance of their body to any negative effects of the correct organization of environmental factors, their care, nutrition and upbringing.

In practical classes at the course of propaedeutics of childhood diseases, the student must acquire the correct skills of an objective study of the child in order to be able to catch even slight deviations from the norm noted in his future activities. initial phases diseases. To help the student in this is also one of the tasks of the textbook.

A pediatrician in his daily work should focus on the prevention of childhood diseases and already on the student bench "acquire a taste" for this work. This is one of the main tasks of the correct education of a student of the pediatric faculty; The textbook on propaedeutics of childhood diseases should help teachers in this work.

In presenting the methodology for studying children and the general semiotics of childhood diseases, we considered it necessary to dwell only on the features of using the main clinical methods assessment of the health status of children of different ages. The theoretical substantiations of these methods are presented additionally in practical classes and are described in detail in the textbooks of diagnostics and propaedeutics of internal diseases. We sincerely thank all the comrades who sent us their critical comments, and are especially grateful to the members of the Academic Council of the Leningrad State Pediatric medical institute for all their valuable comments and suggestions made by them during the discussion of the second edition of our textbook.

All critical comments that will be made to us about the third edition of "Propaedeutics of Children's Diseases" will be accepted with sincere gratitude.

The published textbook - "Propaedeutics of childhood diseases" - is intended for students of pediatric faculties of medical institutes. When compiling the textbook, the experience of teaching propaedeutics of childhood diseases to students of the Leningrad State Pediatric Medical Institute was used and the criticisms made regarding the chapters written for the “Guide to Pediatrics” by M. S. Maslov, A. F. Tur and M. G. were taken into account. Danilevich (vol. I, 1938). These chapters, largely revised, form the basis of this textbook.

It is possible that there will be defects in our work, so we will accept with gratitude all the instructions and comments that will be made by the heads of departments, practical doctors and the students themselves.

The fourth edition, the appearance of which became necessary already two months after the publication of the third edition, comes out without any significant changes and additions, and only accidentally crept in errors and typographical errors are corrected.

The content and objectives of the course of propaedeutics of childhood diseases

The original content of pediatrics as one of the medical disciplines has expanded significantly. Pediatrics has long ceased to be a science only about the treatment of sick children and is now regarded as a study of a healthy and sick child. This teaching covers the physiology, dietetics, hygiene, pathology and treatment of the child from birth to puberty. Modern pediatrics pays special attention to great attention prevention of diseases in children. Every pediatrician in his daily practical work should not only be a full-fledged attending physician, able to make an accurate diagnosis and properly treat a sick child, but he should also be a good preventive doctor, who knows the child’s diet very well, who knows how to organize the necessary care and establish a rational regimen for both an individual healthy child of any age, and and for the whole children's team. A pediatrician should not be aloof from the issues of raising children. All these various aspects of the activity of a pediatrician should be learned and studied by the student mainly during the course. clinical pediatrics. Propaedeutics of childhood diseases is an introduction to the pediatric clinic.

The course of propaedeutics of childhood diseases includes the following four main sections: 1) anatomical and physiological characteristics of children, including the laws of the child's physical and neuropsychic development; 2) the method of objective examination of children, including the features of collecting an anamnesis; 3) general semiotics of childhood diseases; 4) dietetics of a healthy child with the main elements of children's food technology.

Without a clear knowledge of these sections, the preventive and curative work of a pediatrician is completely unthinkable. Correct assessment of data from conventional physical, laboratory and other methods clinical trial of the child and understanding the uniqueness of the pathology of children is possible only if there is a sufficiently deep knowledge of the age-related anatomical and physiological characteristics of the growing organism of the child. Without knowledge of the laws of physical and neuropsychic development of children, it is impossible to carry out proper organization public and individual protection, childhood, it is impossible, therefore, to ensure the prevention of childhood diseases. This knowledge should underlie the rationally set physical education of children.

The clinical study of children requires a significant originality of medical technique, the study of which should also be included in the course of propaedeutics of childhood diseases.

Brief information on general semiotics major diseases children's age should provide the student with the correct orientation in the course of faculty and hospital pediatrics.

In the activities of a pediatrician, as mentioned above, preventive and curative work are closely and inextricably linked. That is why, in the course of propaedeutics of childhood diseases, much attention should be paid to the diet of a healthy child and the basics of individual hygiene of children as the main elements in the daily preventive work of every practical pediatrician. The preventive side of the activity of pediatricians has acquired particular importance in the Soviet Union, since in our country the vast majority of children, starting from a very young age, are served by preventive and curative children's institutions, on the correct formulation of the case in which their life and health largely depend.

It would be a big mistake to think that one can become a good pediatrician without a thorough knowledge of general theoretical disciplines (anatomy, histology, physiology, pathophysiology, etc.) studied in junior years, and clinical disciplines in various sections of adult pathology studied in senior courses. A pediatrician only then correctly and confidently orients himself in all the theoretical and practical issues of his specialty, if he has a good general medical training in all disciplines included in the program of a higher medical school. Only under this condition will he clearly understand all the features of the physiology and pathology of children in different age periods.

It should be especially emphasized that every pediatrician must know the infectious diseases of childhood very well and must be well versed in matters of general and particular epidemiology.

The need for such versatile knowledge undoubtedly makes pediatrics a difficult specialty, but this path of study provides further good pediatrician broad outlook and exceptionally interesting and fruitful opportunities for practical and scientific activities.

There are a number of diseases that are most common in children. Preventive measures will help to avoid them, and timely treatment will save you from serious consequences and complications.

“Children get sick very often” - such a phrase can often be heard from many parents. Is it really?

This is far from always a rule, which will certainly be relevant for you, if from early childhood it is correct to monitor the health of your baby and take all preventive and preventive measures. timely treatment diseases.

Nevertheless, there are a lot of children in the kindergarten and it is highly likely that one child will infect the second, third, etc.

Therefore, it is necessary to know which diseases are most common and how to act if the disease could not be avoided.

Otitis

Due to their structure, children's ears are more susceptible to this disease than the ears of an adult. Occurs against the background of colds, accompanied by itching, loss of appetite, fever.

Angina

There are 2 varieties: colds and infections. The second option is more dangerous and cannot be dispensed with without antibiotic treatment. Symptoms: sore throat, fever, painful swallowing.

Laryngitis

Hoarseness in the throat and cough - the main symptoms this disease. Reason - viral infection, which must be treated under the close supervision of a doctor.

Sinusitis

Develops against the background of a cold. Its main symptoms are: purulent discharge nose, headache. Also, the pain may increase with tilting the head, coughing. The child feels a decrease in smell, the voice becomes nasal. If it is not treated, the disease quickly passes into the chronic stage.

Chickenpox

It is characterized by blisters on the body that burst and form a crust. Almost everyone knows that it is better to get chickenpox in childhood, so it is easier to tolerate. This is true, after an illness, a strong immunity to it is developed and it is almost impossible for her to get sick again.

Whooping cough

It is transmitted by airborne droplets. It is accompanied by a persistent cough, which, as a rule, has a paroxysmal character. Sometimes this disease is treated with antibiotics at an early stage.

Measles

It does not occur so often, because vaccinations are routinely given from this disease. But if vaccinations are not done on time, then it is possible to get sick. Symptoms are as follows: a sharp increase in temperature, rhinitis, cough. After that, a rash begins, after a couple of weeks the child recovers. The danger of this disease is that it can give complications to the lungs or any other organs.

Disease prevention

There are a lot of preventive measures for childhood diseases. If you use all of them, then it is likely that your child's health will be strong.

Vaccination. Now there are many common opinions about whether it is worth vaccinating children, whether it is safe. The opinion of doctors is unambiguous - it is necessary to do vaccinations, and they are done to develop stable immunity to the most common and very dangerous diseases. Therefore, if you want to prevent the possibility of contracting some of the diseases, then vaccinations are definitely worth it.

Hygiene. It is necessary to teach the child to wash his hands thoroughly after using the toilet, before eating. Wash fruits and vegetables before eating. It is also necessary to carefully prepare the rest of the food, use only boiled water. You can learn more about this on the website http://dkb-nnov.ru/

hardening and physical exercise. If a child goes in for sports, spends a lot of time outdoors, then a good physical development increases resistance to various infections and diseases.

correct mode and proper nutrition with enough vitamins. Hygiene of bed, clothes, toys is also an important component.

If for some reason it was not possible to avoid the disease, then you should immediately contact a specialist and carefully follow all his recommendations. Timely treatment is a guarantee of a quick recovery and good health.

This article is for you Dear Parents, in order for you to be aware of what dangerous childhood diseases exist, the causes of their occurrence, and symptoms, knowing this information, you may be able to avoid these ailments, or at least quickly diagnose and cure them, we hope that this information will help you at least a little.

We have collected ten dangerous childhood diseases, this does not mean that they are the most dangerous of the existing ailments, we chose them according to several criteria - this is the prevalence, complexity of treatment, possible consequences and danger to the future life of the child. Well, let's get started.

Salmonellosis is a dangerous intestinal infection.

Salmonellosis - intestinal infection, which is caused by various microbes of the genus Salmonella. Salmonella bacteria survive quite well in external environment, tolerate low temperatures, but die from high temperatures. These bacteria multiply in meat, eggs, milk and related products, and can release toxins that can damage the intestinal mucosa.

The main route of Salmonella infection is food. Salmonella enters the child's body with food that is not cooked immediately before eating (cheesecakes, cakes). Once in the body, salmonella release toxins that lead to disruption of many organs, and also damage the intestinal mucosa.

The onset of the disease begins with nausea and vomiting, then the temperature rises to 38-39 degrees, lack of appetite and abdominal pain are characteristic. The frequency of stools depends on the degree of infection, and soon the child becomes dehydrated.

Staphylococcal infection is dangerous complications

Staphylococcal infection is a group of diseases caused by staphylococcus aureus, which has various clinical manifestations, general intoxication of the body, purulent-inflammatory foci throughout the body. Staphylococci are a whole genus of microorganisms, 14 of them live on our body and mucous membranes, and only 3 pose a threat to human health. Most dangerous Staphylococcus aureus, it can cause more than 100 diseases. Next comes epidermal staphylococcus aureus - it is less dangerous than aureus, and appears in weakened children (after operations, severe diseases). Well, the last one is saprophytic staphylococcus, cases of infection with its participation are very rare.

Infection with staphylococcus in children most often occurs from a person (medical staff, relatives, friends), as well as through dirty hands. In addition, this infection spreads rapidly in food (confectionery and dairy products, fresh salads).

Symptoms and consequences after infection with staphylococcus can be different, depending on which area of ​​the body is damaged and what disease was caused, here are some examples of diseases: boils, osteomyelitis, arthritis, tonsillitis, otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, poisoning, meningitis and many other diseases.

Hepatitis A is a virus that attacks the liver

Hepatitis A, or as it is also called Botkin's disease, is infection which affects the liver. This virus is transmitted through food, water, from another person who has hepatitis A, as well as dirty hands smeared in feces. That is why it is very important to wash your hands after using the toilet and walking, and the products before eating. The insidiousness of this disease is that it cannot be immediately detected if healthy child communicated with a patient for hepatitis, and became infected with an infection, then symptoms may appear only 2-4 weeks after this communication.

Symptoms of hepatitis A begin with an increase in temperature from 37.5 to 39 degrees, along with weakness, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium. Then, before the onset of the jaundice itself, two obvious symptoms appear: the urine becomes dark (the color of beer), and the feces, on the contrary, turn white. Well, then comes the yellowing of the skin.

Sweating is not as dangerous as it is common

Prickly heat - small pink dots on the baby's skin, they appear suddenly, and, as a rule, after a walk or sleep, this is the main symptom of prickly heat. This disease, if it is treated in time, behaves passively, the child is not bothered by anything, no temperature or discomfort. But if it is not treated, then irritated skin can become inflamed, and purulent skin diseases will begin.

The fact is that in infants, the body first gets used to environment. Therefore, it functions a little differently, not like an adult. As soon as the child gets hot, sweat glands, in order to protect the baby from overheating, they produce a certain liquid, and if something disrupts normal sweating (the skin is covered with a thick layer of cream, or the child is dressed too warmly), then this liquid accumulates in the glands. And as a result, the skin becomes irritated in a bright pink color, and a small reddish rash appears on it.

Ear infections are dangerous for babies

Recognizing this disease is not so easy because infants and young children are more susceptible to it, and at this age your child cannot explain what is wrong with him. If the baby has a runny nose and cough, and after 3-5 days heat, an ear infection may be to blame, the child may delay the sore ear, be very bad mood, and if the baby already knows how to walk, then there may be a problem with balance.

What causes an ear infection? It's all about the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx, and drains fluid from the middle ear. Usually the fluid is excreted without problems, but in children, unlike adults, the tube is more horizontal and does not work quite effectively, and it can also swell from a cold, allergy or runny nose, which will prevent fluid from being removed and it will accumulate in the middle ear. Any bacteria that are in the liquid at this time begin to multiply rapidly in a warm environment, from which pus forms, becomes inflamed and increases in size. eardrum. And then this condition is called purulent acute middle ear.

Mumps or mumps

Mumps is an infectious disease that most affects the near-ear glands, and after the illness, a strong immunity to this disease remains for life. Mostly children aged 3-15, adults can also get sick, but these are isolated cases. Since this is a viral infection, infection most often occurs from a sick child with mumps (airborne droplets), that is, when talking, sneezing, coughing, the virus from a sick child through the oral cavity or nasal mucosa healthy baby penetrates into the blood, and then enters the genital, salivary and pancreas glands, where reproduction occurs, bacteria accumulate, and again in in large numbers enters the blood.

The disease has an incubation period of 11 to 23 days, after which the temperature rises, loss of appetite, as a result of malaise, headache. After a couple of days, there is tension in about ear area, there are pulling pains, there is pain when chewing. After that, swelling appears in front, behind and below the ear, which means an inflammatory increase in the parotid salivary gland. The disease can have an extremely unpleasant complication in the form of orchitis (inflammation of the testicles in boys), oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries in girls), which in the future may affect reproductive function your child.

Polio is very dangerous

Poliomyelitis is an infantile spinal paralysis, an infectious disease that affects Gray matter spinal cord the so-called poliovirus. Mostly children under the age of 10 get sick, this infection is transmitted by airborne droplets, through contaminated things, water and food. calls various forms paralysis, which in 50 percent of cases are cured completely, and the remaining 50% remain with violations of moderate and severe severity. In addition, there are a number of complications: muscle atrophy, interstitial myocarditis, lung atelectasis, limb deformity, etc.

The incubation period of this disease lasts 3-14 days, after which the main symptoms of the disease begin, which are very similar to colds (cough, sore throat, runny nose, headaches), but all this is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, tension in the muscles of the neck and head .

Whooping cough causes whooping cough

Whooping cough is an infectious disease that affects Airways, and manifesting itself as attacks of convulsive cough. Most often, this disease affects children under 5 years of age. Infection with whooping cough occurs only by airborne droplets, since this pathogen is extremely unstable in the external environment, therefore, infection through ordinary objects is not possible.

So, the infection enters the bloodstream through the respiratory tract, after which it spreads throughout the body. After this, the incubation period begins, lasting from 3 days to 2 weeks. Symptoms of the disease are general malaise, loss of appetite, a cough, runny nose, fever up to 40 degrees (usually in the evening) appear a little later. Later, the cough attacks in attacks, often during sleep, there is pain in the chest, burning. Breathing becomes noisy, viscous sputum is difficult to pass. During seizures, the child's face may turn blue. At proper treatment the cough goes away after a couple of weeks, in severe cases a couple of months, and if something goes wrong, then pneumonia can develop.

An umbilical hernia is a consequence of disorders or poor heredity

An umbilical hernia is the result of a defect in the anterior abdominal wall baby caused by weakness umbilical ring. As statistics show, most often this disease occurs in male newborns, the reasons for this have not yet been clarified. In addition to hereditary predisposition, doctors believe that the appearance of an umbilical hernia depends on many physical, chemical and biological factors that affect the fetus even in utero.

An umbilical hernia is of two types:

1. Acquired. I.e umbilical hernia occurs in violation gastrointestinal tract child, as a result, the navel closes very slowly, thereby creating the prerequisites for the formation of a hernia.
2. Congenital. Typically, this is the result of anatomical structure body of a newborn.

Of the symptoms, perhaps only one can be distinguished, this is a convex seal near the navel, outwardly very reminiscent of a pea.

Scarlet fever - almost like rubella, but different

- an infectious disease caused by streptococcus. More often this disease affects children from 2 to 7 years old, and mainly in the autumn-winter period. This virus is transmitted by airborne droplets (when sneezing, talking, coughing), since the causative agent of scarlet fever is in the saliva, sputum of the patient, which is dangerous to others during the course of the entire disease. The virus also tends to persist for some time on objects that a sick child has touched, and accordingly they are also a source of infection.

As soon as streptococcus enters the mucous membrane, it begins to multiply, and inflammation occurs in their place. In this case, streptococcus secretes a toxin, which, when it enters the bloodstream, causes malaise, rash, and nerve damage.

Symptoms, like many other diseases, do not appear immediately, there is an incubation period of 2-11 days, after which fever, sore throat, malaise, and sometimes vomiting begin. Later, a rash appears, but not immediately everywhere, first on the neck, upper back, and then quickly all over the body. The rash is bright pink color, about the size of a poppy seed. Also, the tongue will be covered with a white coating for the first 2-3 days, after which the coating will disappear, and it will turn bright red. All symptoms persist for an average of 5 days, after which they will slowly begin to disappear.

This is where this general information article ends, the main thing to remember, dear parents, do not joke with the health of the child, reading this or similar material does not make you experts in the field of medicine, it is better to trust the professionals, because we are talking about the health of your baby. Such material is for informational purposes only, for the purpose of general development so that you can monitor the course of your child's illness, and not stand aside without knowing anything. We hope that we helped you at least a little, good luck and health to you and your children!