How many nerves are in each tooth. Upper jaw: incisors, canines, premolars and molars

Date: 13.04.2019

A human tooth consists of a root and a crown. Each of them is different in structure and shape. All teeth have a certain number of roots. It depends on the location in the dentition. The retaining system is stronger in those teeth that are subject to more stress.

But do not assume that the number of canals in a tooth corresponds to the number of roots. Very often the roots have different holes. The canal can bifurcate near the pulp. In such cases, it is quite easy to find and seal additional passages. It also happens that they are located in the same root and run in parallel.

In addition, bifurcation of the canals in the apex region is possible. Thus, the root has two apices. Sealing such passages is very difficult, but with the help of modern equipment, the chances are significantly increased.

Number of canals in a tooth

To determine their number, the dentist takes an X-ray, only with its help it is possible to accurately find out such information.

The upper teeth are often different from the lower ones. In the upper canines and incisors, as a rule, there should be one canal. In turn, the lower central incisor often has two of them. As a percentage, as practice shows, in 2/3 cases there is only one canal, and in the rest there are 2. Well, and the second lower incisor in about half of the cases has 2 canal cavities. The canine only in 6% of cases has one canal, in the rest it has two channels.

Further, after the canines, there are premolars. On the upper jaw, premolars are usually two-channel, but there are cases when there are 3 of them (in about 6% of cases). And it even happens that the premolar is single-channel (in about 9% of cases). The first premolars with 3 channels are not found on the lower jaw, in 2/3 of cases they are single-channel, in 1/3 - two-channel.

The ratio is approximately the same for the second premolars. In the upper jaw, three-canal teeth are extremely rare - 1%, two-canal teeth in 24%, and all the rest are single-canal. On the lower jaw, in most cases, the fifth teeth have one canal, and only in 11% of cases, 2.

The six on the upper jaw can have three or four canal passages, in a 1: 1 ratio. But on the lower jaw, three-channel teeth are more common, sometimes two-channel teeth, and in very rare cases even 4 ramifications are possible.

Sevens on the lower jaw are two-channel in 2/3 of cases, and three-channel in 1/3. On the upper jaw, the canals have the same ratio, the only difference is that three-canals are more common, and less often four.

The most amazing is the eighth, or, as it is also called, the wisdom tooth. On the upper jaw, it can have up to 5 canal passages. On the lower jaw - up to 3, but additional cavities are revealed during the treatment of the tooth.

Channels very often have no correct shape, they are usually curved and have a narrow course, which makes it difficult to seal them.

Considering all of the above, it becomes clear that such dental spaces have many features, which is why the doctor must be very careful during treatment in order not to miss an additional such cavity.

Treatment

Root canal treatment is considered one of the most difficult dental procedures. There is even a special branch that deals with this problem - endodontics.

The main purpose of this procedure is to treat the inner part of the tooth - the root canals, which are filled with pulp. The pulp is a soft tissue, it includes nerve fibers, lymphatic and blood vessels, connective tissue.

The procedure for treating canal cavities allows you to save a tooth even in cases in which it had to be removed relatively recently. The probability of preservation is at least 80-90%, and in other cases they resort to a surgical method - by resection of the root apex or removal.

The complexity of the procedure lies in the fact that the channels are difficult to access for the instruments of the dentist, and it is also problematic to visually control the course of the procedure.

Among the main indications for this type of dental treatment are inflammatory processes that lead to soft tissue damage in the canal cavities.

Diagnostics in order to establish the need for treatment is carried out using X-rays or visually.

Various dental diseases can be the cause of such inflammatory processes, most often it is pulpitis or caries. Also, with periodontitis, root canal treatment may be required.

Symptoms for root canal treatment are usually toothache or swelling of the gums near a tooth. Although in the chronic form of the disease, pain may not be observed, but canal treatment will still be required.

Root canal treatment consists of the following stages:

anesthesia (usually by injection into the gum near the affected tooth);
separating the tooth from the rest of the oral cavity using a coffeedrum (a special rubber film that is attached to the tooth by means of small hooks);
Opening the tooth with a drill to gain access to the inflamed pulp (on the incisors, a hole is made from the side of the tongue or palate, on molars and premolars - on the chewing surface);
The affected pulp or its remnants are very carefully removed using a special tool, in parallel, the canals are treated with medications;
Drying the canals with special paper points;
Filling the canals with various materials, usually gutta-percha (rubber resin) is used.

The duration of the entire treatment procedure directly depends on the complexity of the clinical situation that has disappeared, as well as on which teeth are being treated, since they all have a different number of canals. On average, the procedure takes from half an hour to an hour.

The success of this procedure will depend on how well the dental canals were cleaned, as well as how tightly they were sealed.

After the completion of canal treatment, the coronal part of the tooth is restored with the help of various materials, most often by filling.

In cases where dental crown it is quite badly destroyed, filling is carried out with the help of dental pins. For this, the dentist removes part of the gutta-percha from the canal in order to obtain a site for the installation of the post. Then the pin is fixed in the tooth canal using special dental cement. After that, a filling material is established around the pin, and restored anatomical shape tooth.

The filling of the crown of the tooth is carried out immediately after the filling of the canals or at the next appointment.

After the procedure

After the canal treatment process, for some time the patient may be bothered by toothache, especially when pressing on the filled tooth, as well as general malaise and unpleasant feeling of discomfort in the oral cavity.

In some cases, after the procedure for several more days, increased sensitivity of the teeth to temperature changes and chemical irritants is possible. Therefore, it is not recommended to subject the treated tooth to heavy loads. In a few days everything discomfort should be gone.

If the pain is intense enough, then pain relievers can be taken.

In the event that the painful sensations do not disappear for a long time, then it is necessary to consult a dentist again, since there is a possibility that the treatment was carried out incorrectly, and this may also be the cause of any complications.

For example, this may be a sign of an allergic reaction to the components of the material used for the filling. In addition to pain in such cases, other signs of an allergic reaction appear: the appearance of a rash, itching. When such symptoms appear, it is necessary to establish which component caused the reaction, and then replace the filling with a new one that does not contain the allergen.

Also, if the filling was placed recently, then there is a possibility that it may fall out due to poor-quality preparation of the cavity. The reason for this may be that the walls of the tooth were underdried or, on the contrary, overdried. In addition, chewing damage to the filling is likely if the patient ignores the doctor's recommendations and ate earlier than two hours after the procedure. Therefore, it is very important to follow all the directions given by your dentist.

mirzubov.info

Our teeth have the following structure:

The crown is the part of the tooth that rises in the oral cavity ( visible part)
The root that is in the hole
The neck, located at the border between the root and the crown

Inside, the tooth has a cavity in which the coronal cavity and the root canal are distinguished.

The main parts of a tooth are the root and crown. In the central part of the tooth, along its entire length, narrow canals are laid. Question: " how many canals in the tooth”Is mainly the prerogative of dentists. They need to know thoroughly the answer to this question, since they are the ones who need to be cleaned and filled with certain dental procedures.

The number of channels and even more so their configuration is always different. In dentistry, the number of canals in different teeth is determined only as a percentage, and the actual number of canals can be determined directly during the examination of the tooth.

So how many canals are there in a tooth?

Upper jaw: 1st, 2nd, 3rd teeth always have one canal.
Lower jaw: the 1st tooth in 70% of cases has one canal and in 30% of cases two canals can be found in it.
Lower jaw: 2nd tooth may have one canal in 56% of cases and two canals in 44%.
Lower jaw: the 3rd tooth in 94% will have one canal and only 6% will have two canals.
Upper jaw: 4th tooth has one, two and three canals, respectively, in percentages - 9%, 85% and 6%.
Lower jaw: 4th tooth has only two variations - 74% in one canal and 26% in two canals.
Upper jaw: 5th tooth - one, two and three canals are distributed in this ratio, respectively: 75%, 24% and 1%.
Lower jaw: 5th tooth - 89% have one canal and 11% have two canals.
Upper jaw: 6th tooth - three and four canals are distributed in this ratio, respectively: 57% and 43%.
Lower jaw: 6th tooth - two, three and four canals will be distributed in the appropriate proportions: 6%, 65%, 29%.
Upper jaw: 7th tooth - in 70% of cases it has three canals and in 30% - four.
Lower jaw: 7th tooth - 13% falls on two canals and 77% falls on three canals.
In the 8 teeth of the upper jaw, there can be one, two, three, four or five canals, and in the lower one there are usually three.

Now you are convinced that it is possible to answer the question: "how many canals in a tooth" only after a direct examination by a doctor. What to do in case of sore throat - you can read here

adento.ru

Standard number of roots

When it comes to dentistry, the concept of "norm" becomes relative. There is a significant individual variation in the number of dental canals, which is why the dentist is obliged to clarify this information in each case. The main channels can have branches, sometimes they merge with each other. The complex systems that exist in multi-rooted teeth require a lot of skill from dentists. For an adult, the following indicators are roughly adopted:

wisdom teeth are equipped with five roots;
molars have four, sometimes three roots;
premolars have one or two roots;
canines and incisors share the same root.

Molars are broad, flat teeth located at the back of the dental arch on the upper and lower jaw. Their main purpose is grinding food, so they must be very firmly fixed in the gum by multiple roots. These teeth are heavily stressed at every meal and are more likely to suffer from abrasion. The following data is available:

as a rule, the chewing teeth of the upper jaw have four canals and three roots;
the chewing teeth in the lower row have three canals and two roots;
the first molars in the upper jaw in 90% of the examined patients have 4 canals, in 7% of patients there are three of them; 3% have five;
second molars in the upper jaw in 40% of patients have four canals, in 60% the number differs by one upward or downward;
the third molars in the upper jaw, depending on individual characteristics, can have two, four or even five full-fledged roots.

The shape of the tooth root can be curved, deviated in any direction, sometimes the teeth are linked by the roots, which makes it difficult to remove them. Channels can be located within the same root in parallel or at angles. Sometimes in the roots there are additional holes that serve to enter blood vessels and nerves. For other teeth, there are the following statistical observations:

in 90% of cases, the canine has two canals at the root, but in the remaining 10%, part falls on one, and part - on three canals;
incisors overwhelmingly have two canals, but some people may have one.

Dentistry textbooks usually provide standard values, but the reality is very different. Anatomy, as taught in theory, rarely exists in practice.

Features of the root system

The opening located at the tip of the root is called the apical opening. The difficulty in filling canals also lies in the fact that the number of apical foramina can vary. The holes can combine the output of two or even three channels at once, or they can serve for one channel. Also, the tooth canal can bifurcate anywhere in two and end in two isolated exits. Every dentist has to re-examine the root canal system when getting to know the patient's teeth.

There are no two identical systems, just as there are no two identical people. The length of the dental roots is also individual and differs in each individual patient.

For any dental manipulations with the roots of the teeth, a control is required. X-ray examination.

Root canal treatment

Thanks to the possibilities modern dentistry even severely damaged teeth can be saved from removal. Maintaining the integrity of the dental arch is very important to ensure an even distribution of the load when biting and chewing food. This helps to protect the joints of the jaw from deformation, and teeth from rapid wear. Timely elimination of caries is important so that the infection does not get into the pulp of the tooth. If inflammatory process affects the internal soft tissues, the nerve endings in the channels are irritated, a toothache begins. If the infection moves deeper along the canal, it can cause the following diseases:

dental cyst - the immune system isolates a colony of pathogenic microorganisms in a dense bag near the apical foramen;
periostitis - the inflammatory process captures the tissues of the periosteum;
osteomyelitis - pathogenic microorganisms enter the bone tissue and begin to damage it.

In order to prevent such consequences, the treatment of the canals of the tooth is carried out in a timely manner. To do this, the dentist takes the following steps:

reaming the tooth to the pulp;
an x-ray is taken of the desired part of the jaw in order to find out the number and exact location of the roots and canals of the tooth;
introduces a pasty preparation containing an anesthetic and paraformaldehyde;
during the next visit, when all the nerve endings have already lost their vitality, the cavity of the dental roots is cleaned with special needles from soft and dead material;
the inner space of each root is sterilized and filled with filling material;
a snapshot is taken to control the quality of the development of the root system;
the appearance of the tooth is restored.

The filling of the canals must be carried out in strict compliance with all sanitary standards. It is very important to find and clean all the canals of the tooth, otherwise the patient will face complications after the treatment.

Re-filling of canals

A tooth devoid of blood supply and nerve endings is excluded from the general interaction of surrounding tissues. Such teeth are at risk of decay, loosening and inflammation. If the filling was carried out poorly, bacteria and fungi begin to multiply in the empty spaces. In case of serious destruction, the pulpized tooth is covered with a protective crown, and if its position is unstable, a support pin made of various materials is used. Most often, the following are used for the manufacture of pins:

silver alloys;
titanium alloys;
fiberglass.

If inflammation begins in a dead tooth, it quickly spreads to the gums. It is then that the patient begins to be bothered by pain, because there are no nerve endings in the tooth itself, which means that it cannot hurt. How is the filling of canals carried out?

an x-ray is taken to determine the localization of the inflammatory process, in this way it is possible to determine the nature of the destruction of the periodontium;
the dentist decides whether a resection is needed or not, that is, the removal of the root of the tooth;
the tooth is drilled out, the canals are mechanically cleaned of all contents, in some clinics ultrasound is used for this;
antibacterial treatment with disinfectants is carried out;
canals are filled to capacity with filling material, reconstruction of the appearance of the tooth is carried out.

In some cases, re-filling is impossible. The roots become brittle without blood supply, and upon exposure, they begin to split and break. It is very important to find all the fragments, because a piece of tooth root left in the gum will certainly cause inflammation. The quality of performing all dental procedures depends primarily on the skill of the doctor, so it is worthwhile to carefully approach the selection of a specialist.

dantistdoma.ru

The dental root is located in the inner part of the gum. This invisible part makes up about 70% of the entire organ. An unequivocal answer to the question: how many roots a particular organ does not have, since their number is individual for each individual patient.

Factors affecting the number of roots include:

organ location;
the degree of load on him, functional features(chewing, frontal);
heredity;
the age of the patient;
race.

Additional Information! The root system of representatives of the Negroid and Mongoloid races is somewhat different from the European, it is more ramified than, in fact, and a greater number of roots and canals are justified.

Dentists have developed a special tooth numbering system, thanks to which it is almost impossible for a non-specialist to get confused in the units of the upper and lower dentition. To understand the principle of numbering, it is necessary to mentally divide the skull in half vertically. The first are the incisors - the frontal units of the upper and lower rows on the right and left. There are two of them on each side: central (No. 1) and side (No. 2). Next, there are fangs or the so-called triplets. The four (# 4) and the five (# 5) are the first and second premolars. And also these teeth are called small molars. All of the above units are united by the fact that they have only one "spine" of a conical shape both in the upper and in the lower row.

The situation is somewhat different with the first, second and third molars, we are talking about teeth No. 6, 7 and 8. The upper six and seven (large molars) are endowed with three roots, however, in the wisdom tooth located above, as a rule, also 3 grounds. In the sixth tooth and in the 7th of the lower row, there is usually one root less than in the upper counterparts. The exception is the lower eight, this tooth may even have not three, but four roots. This feature should be taken into account during the treatment of a four-canal tooth.

Additional Information! Many people mistakenly believe that their children's temporary milk teeth do not have roots. This is absolutely not true. There are grounds, and their number can reach up to three, with their help the chewing organs of babies are attached to the jaw. By the time the dairy units are replaced with permanent “roots”, they disappear, as a result of which the parents have the opinion that they did not exist at all.

How many canals are in the teeth

It should be noted right away that the number of canals does not have to correspond to the number of roots. These concepts are not identical. It is possible to determine exactly how many canals in a tooth are possible with an X-ray.

So, the upper incisors, as a rule, are endowed with two or three canals, in some cases it can be one, but branched in two. It all depends on the characteristics of the root system and genetic predisposition. The lower central incisors are predominantly single-canal, in 70% of cases, the remaining 30% have two grooves.

Lower lateral incisors in most cases, they are endowed with 2 canals, however, like the lower canines. Only in rare cases canine teeth located on the lower jaw are two-channel (5-6%).

The distribution of grooves in the remaining units of the dentition is carried out according to the following scheme, from which you can find out how many canals each tooth has:

upper first premolar - 1 (9% of cases), 2 (85%), 3 (6%);
the bottom four - 1, less often 2;
upper second premolar (No. 5) - 1 (75% of cases), 2 (24%), 3 (1%);
the bottom 5 is predominantly single-channel;
upper first molar - 3 or 4;
lower first molar - 3 (60% of cases), less often - 2, extremely rarely - 4;
upper and lower seven - 3 (70%), 4 - in other cases.

How many canals does a wisdom tooth have?

The figure eight or the so-called third molar is somewhat different from other units of the dentition. To begin with, it should be noted that not all people have it, which is associated with genetic factors.

This organ, in addition to an inconvenient location, which causes discomfort during oral hygiene, has other differences. So, the upper third molar is the only unit, the number of canals of which can reach 5. It is worth noting that this happens extremely rarely, mainly a three- or four-canal wisdom tooth. The bottom eight has no more than 3 indentations.

Eight is often the cause of the development of dental pathologies. For example, improper placement of the third molar can impair the growth of adjacent units. In such cases, its removal is required. If the figure eight does not bother or hurt, it is not necessary to pull it out. The indication for removal is only the presence of pain and the negative impact of the third molar on other units of the row.

So that there are no problems with the eight, dentists advise adhering to the following rules of oral care:

due to the inconvenient location of the figure eight, it is necessary to use a special brush;
owners of a third molar should visit a dentist for a routine examination at least 2 times a year.

Why does a tooth need a nerve

A feature of the deepening in the tooth is the presence of branched nerve endings in it, grouped into branches. The number of nerve endings directly depends on the number of roots and canals.

The purpose of the dental nerves:

have an impact on the development and growth of dental units;
thanks to the nerves, the organ is sensitive to external influences;
the dental nerve makes the organ of chewing not just a bone, but a living unit of the oral cavity.

It is possible to prevent the development of dental pathologies only if you follow the advice of qualified doctors and follow the rules of oral hygiene.

do not abuse the rules of hygiene, brush your teeth only in the evening and in the morning. More frequent exposure to tooth enamel contributes to its erasure;
hygiene procedures should be carried out half an hour after eating;
use mouthwash to kill germs left in the mouth after cleaning;
cleaning should be carried out for at least 3 minutes, performing circular movements.

The main rule- in case of detection of the first signs of the disease, you should immediately contact your dentist. This will help prevent further development of pathology and preserve teeth.

nashyzubki.ru

Percentage calculation

Due to the fact that each person is individual and there are no clear rules and regulations for determining how many canals are in the teeth, in dentistry data on this issue are given as a percentage. Initially, they are repelled by the fact that the same teeth of the upper and lower jaw are very different from each other. If the first three upper incisors in almost one hundred percent of cases have only one canal, then with the same teeth of the lower jaw everything is much more complicated, and they have approximately the following percentage:

In the first incisor, most often there is only one canal - this is in 70% of cases from the general statistics and only in 30% of them there can be two;
The second tooth, in almost equal proportions, can have either one or two canals, or rather, a ratio of 56% to 44%;
The third incisor of the lower jaw almost always has only one canal and only in 6% of cases there can be two of them.

Premolars have a larger structure, they are already undergoing more pressure and load, so it is logical to assume that there are more canals in the tooth, however, and not everything is so simple here. For example, in the fourth tooth of the upper jaw really only 9% of teeth have one canal, in 6% of cases there can be even three of them, but the rest are most often found with two. But at the same time, the next premolar (the fifth tooth), which seems to be subject to an even stronger load, most often has one canal and only in some cases more (of which only 1% falls on three branches).

At the same time, the situation on the lower jaw is completely different - the first and second premolars do not meet three-channel at all, and most often have only one canal (74% - four and 89% - five) and only in 26% of cases for four and 11% for five - two.

Molars are already larger and the number of canals is still increasing. The sixes of the upper jaw with equal probability can have both three and four branches. On the lower jaw, sometimes a two-canal tooth can also be found (usually not more often than in 6% of cases), but most often these are three canals (65%) and sometimes four.

Posterior molars usually have the following ratio:

Top seven: 70 to 30% three and four channels;
Bottom 7: 13 to 77% two and three channels.

Eight or wisdom tooth is quite unique and does not fall under the standards and statistics. The upper one can have a completely different structure with channels from one to five. The bottom eight is most often three-channel, however, often when opening during treatment, additional branches can be found.

Among other things, a wisdom tooth differs from others in that its canals are quite rarely of the correct shape, often very curved and with a narrow course, which greatly complicates their treatment and filling.

Misconception

Since a tooth consists of roots and a pre-coronal part, sometimes there is an erroneous opinion that there are as many canals in the teeth as there are roots... This is far from the case, because the canals quite often branch off and bifurcate around the pulp. Moreover, in one root several channels can run parallel to each other. There are also cases of their bifurcation at the apex, which is why it turns out that one root has two tops and this, of course, complicates the work of doctors when filling such teeth.

Considering all the peculiarities of the individual structure of teeth, dentists need to be very careful during treatment and filling in order not to miss any branch. Indeed, sometimes without an X-ray it is very difficult to reveal how many canals are in the teeth even during an autopsy.

Treatment

Development modern medicine and in dentistry in particular, today it is increasingly possible to preserve those sick teeth that yesterday had to be removed due to the impossibility of treatment. Root canal treatment procedure in the teeth itself is quite complex, because they are filled soft cloth- pulp, which contains a large number of nerve endings, blood vessels and other connective tissues. Today, a separate section of dentistry is engaged in this - endodontics, the development of which makes it possible to improve the condition of human teeth and cure even complex problems in more than 80% of cases, while preserving the tooth itself.

The goals of this treatment are:

Removal of the developing infection inside the root system;
Prevention of pulp disintegration or its removal;
Removal of infected dentin;
Preparation of the canal for filling (giving it the desired shape);
Increasing the effect of drugs.

The difficulty of such treatment of the root system is that the dentist is quite difficult to get to diseased canals and monitor the progress of the procedure. After all, if you do not remove even a microscopic part of the infection, it can develop again over time.

One of the main indicators for such treatment is the inflammatory process, which leads to damage to the soft tissues of the pulp inside the canals. Most often, various diseases such as caries and pulpitis lead to this, but canal treatment may also be needed for periodontitis.

Tooth pain or swelling of the gums is the first symptom of this treatment. However, it should be borne in mind that in the case of the transition of the disease to chronic stage, pain may not be observed, but the disease develops and eventually leads to tooth loss. This is why it is so important to have regular preventive dental check-ups.

The process and stages of canal treatment

The root canal treatment process has a clear sequence of stages:

If the doctor has any doubts (usually this happens with an inconvenient position of the tooth and difficult access to it for instruments) - he puts a temporary seal, after which he sends the patient for an X-ray, according to the photo of which he checks whether he has removed all the infection and whether he has cleaned all the channels. A permanent filling is then placed about two weeks after that.

This whole procedure, of course, is not very pleasant, but it allows you to save the tooth. Its duration depends on the location of the tooth, the number of canals in it, the complexity of the infection that has developed and usually takes from thirty minutes to one hour. And success depends on the professionalism of the doctor and the high-quality work done by him, since it is necessary to remove all the affected pulp from the canals without leaving a drop of infection, otherwise it can develop again and tightly fill the tooth, so that nothing else could get into the cleaned cavity.

After the procedure for treating the root system for a while stress should be avoided on the cured tooth, moreover, it is impossible to eat earlier than two hours after the therapy, otherwise the incompletely frozen filling may simply fall out. However, the same can happen when the doctor uses low-quality drugs or incorrect treatment (for example, the canals were overdried or not completely dried before filling).

Also, after filling the tooth for some time (up to several days) can give pain when pressed or just whine, cause discomfort, have increased sensitivity. This is usually normal and pain relievers can be taken if the pain is severe. If the pain doesn't go through certain time, it can also be an indicator poor treatment(insufficient cleaning of infection or infected pulp, leaky filling, use of substandard drugs or materials).

Sometimes there are cases emergence allergic reactions , which is also accompanied by incessant painful sensations, sometimes itching and rash appear on the body. It can be caused by a reaction to a drug or material used for the filling. In this case, it must be replaced with another one that will not cause allergies.

In all these situations, it is imperative to consult a doctor as soon as possible for a repeated examination and prophylaxis of teeth, in order to identify the cause of deviations from the norm.

By themselves organs that are not regenerated. Therefore, they must be protected. Healthy teeth- this is a guarantee of a person's well-being. This is easy to explain. A person receives vital energy from food. They are the first in the long chain of digestion of consumed food. The amount of minerals and useful elements that the body receives during processing depends on their quality of work.

Proper hygiene and dentist help keep your teeth healthy. You must visit it at least every six months. He will identify the disease on early stage and heal him. If examinations are not carried out regularly, then this threatens with serious ailments. And they require long-term treatment. This pattern is associated with structural features. Although it looks lifeless, it actually feeds like any other organ.

How the human tooth works

For all their seeming fundamentality, these organs are subject to various diseases. This happens with poor care and bad habits.

In dentistry, rows are divided into the following types of teeth:

incisors (central and lateral);
fangs;
premolars (small molars);
molars.

The development of rows begins at the stage of bearing a child. It was during this period that the rudiments of some permanent teeth... After birth, in a six-month period, the eruption of milk begins, which are gradually replaced by permanent ones. In adolescence from 10 to 13 years. The last 4 (third molars or eights) during this period are just beginning their development, so their appearance is delayed. They are born from 16 to 25 years old. As a result, the total figure for the number of teeth in a person is 32.

Each performs its own task, so they have a certain structure. They correspond to the opposite. But it is worth noting that the anatomy of the teeth of the upper jaw is different from the lower one. And the point here is not only in the external difference. Significant changes are visible in the root system. They will be strong in teeth that are experiencing increased stress - upper and lower molars.

The anatomical structure of any one consists of three main parts:

crown;
neck;
root.

Dentists divide the visible area into four surfaces:

closure (place of contact with the opposite row);
lingual (inner side);
front (outer side);
docking with adjacent teeth).

The crown is covered with enamel, underneath is a layer of dentin. Together they form the basis of the crown. Dentin is similar in structure to bone tissue, but stronger. This is explained by increased mineralization. slightly different in its structure, since there is no enamel layer on it, and the dentin layer is penetrated by collagen fibers.

In the middle of the crown is the pulp, which is penetrated by blood vessels and nerve endings. The defeat of enamel by caries with untimely treatment leads to damage to the dentin and pulp, which causes severe pain.

In the alveolus there is an invisible part - the root. It is a natural extension of the jawbone. Roots at the teeth different amount for each of the row. He alone is at the incisors, canines and the premolar of the lower jaw. The hidden part of the pairs of molars differs. So on the lower jaw, they have two roots, and on the upper - three. The hidden part can also be customized. The roots of the wisdom tooth are from three to five.

The number of canals in a tooth does not always correspond to the roots. Their development depends on the load on them. And deviations from the norm are not pathology in dentistry. If it bifurcates at a papule, then it will not be difficult for the dentist to find it and fill it. a tooth becomes more complicated if this is observed at the root. You won't be able to see this without an X-ray and modern dental equipment.

Number of tooth canals

Dentistry operates with a percentage of the number of canals. But this is not the norm, and the inconsistency with these data does not indicate an anomaly in the development of the jaw system.

It has already been mentioned that the root system of all teeth of the upper row differs from those of the lower one. These differences are sometimes significant. Therefore, the location of the canals is often a mystery for the dentist. An x-ray helps to clarify the situation.

The central incisor has two canals. But such cases are few. Most are single-channel cutters. The brother from the upper jaw is always single-channel. The second cutter from the bottom has 2 channels.
The canines or eye teeth located in the lower row are two-canal. Only 6% have one. Canine of the upper jaw 100% with one canal.
The first premolars have approximately the same percentage location. Dental canals are often found here in two. But there are situations when there are only one or three of them. This often happens with top fours.
Second premolars are rarely three-channel. The percentage of such cases fluctuates within one. About a quarter of the population has two channels. The rest have one. Five on the bottom row at 89% with one channel, the rest with two.
The six on the upper jaw in 57% of cases is attributed to three canals, four in 4%. The same tooth is on the bottom row: two at 6%, three at 65% and four at 29%.
Seven (upper jaw) at 70% with three canals and four at 30%, the lower row - two canals at 13% and three at 77%.
Unpredictable canal anatomy is often found in eights. There are from two to five of them in the top row. In the lower one there are usually three of them. They rarely have the correct shape and are difficult to treat. As a rule, dentists with a damaged wisdom tooth recommend their removal.

Such are the placement percentages. The canals in the teeth are curved, or narrow, making treatment difficult.

Possible root canal diseases and their treatment

). In case of pathological processes in the soft tissues of the periodontium (periodontitis), the same procedure is prescribed. many. These are their endings, which penetrate the pulp and canals along with the blood vessels. That is why, when affected by caries, a person feels unbearable pain.

Root canal treatment is prescribed for periodontitis and pulpitis. This procedure is necessary if the listed diseases have chronic form. Root canals are treated by cleaning them from the contents and sealing them tightly.

Dental clinics today use cofferds (rubber pads) for these procedures. The treatment is safe and sterile. Since the rubber dam isolates. Go through the whole procedure in several stages.

Diagnostics is being carried out. At this stage, an X-ray or computer study of the invisible parts of the crown is prescribed. This helps to establish the number of roots and canals of the tooth. If this is not done, then the possibility that not all channels will be cured remains. Since the actions of the dentist in this case are carried out blindly. In the future, you will need retreatment of the tooth canals.
The dentist, having visually determined the location and number of canals, gets to them with various instruments. This usually occurs through the carious cavity and the removed apex of the pulp chamber with the removal of the tooth nerves. Before starting the procedure, the patient is injected with a local anesthetic. There are as many nerves in a molar as there are roots. They provide him with food. But even after removing the nerves, it serves for a long time.
After that, the canals of the tooth are filled, cleaning them and filling them with material. Cleaning involves mechanical and chemical action. The first is done with tools that scrape the content. And dry cleaning involves the treatment of moves with preparations that have a disinfectant effect. They are injected using a fine needle. The final stage- hermetic sealing. This strengthens the tooth and protects against the penetration of pathogenic bacteria.

It is important to cover the entire length when cleaning the canals. Therefore, at the end of the filling, another control image is assigned. He will confirm the correctness of the procedure. filling material. Only then can the treatment be considered successful.

If the dentist is not sure about the treatment, he will place a temporary filling on the tooth. Pain with inflammation of the pulp is felt 14 days after treatment. But her character should not be growing.

If the procedure is successful, the inflammation will calm down and after two weeks the dentist will place a permanent filling. It is important that the doctor treats all channels at one time. This will protect against further inflammation. Therefore, it is important to know the number of canals in the teeth before starting the procedure.

Canal filling will be refused if the image shows its abnormal curvature. It simply cannot be done. Sclerosed canals are also a reason for refusing treatment. It all depends on the professionalism of the attending physician and in his technical capabilities to perform this or that procedure.

Each of us at least once, but asked ourselves questions about what constitutes a molar cavity, how many roots and canals there are. What is their topography and anatomy? How many nerves are in the molar cavity on top, and how many is in the bottom? Root canal working length - what is it? These questions are also relevant for doctors, because the process of their treatment, restoration or removal depends on the number of canals and roots.

Since 1971, there has been a so-called two-digit Viola system in dentistry. According to it, the units of the upper and lower jaw of a person are divided into four quadrants, each of which has 8 teeth. Quadrants in adults are numbered as 1, 2, 3 and 4, and in children - numbers from 5 to 8 (see table). Therefore, if you suddenly hear from the dentist that you are being treated with 46 or 36 units of root canals, do not be alarmed.

Each unit has its own individual structure. The number of canals and roots depends on where it is located and what function it performs. From this article you will learn what a tooth cavity is and why pulpitis affects it. You will also read about the concept of working length of a root canal. You will learn about the methods of expanding dental cavities and their drug treatment, see a photo of three-channel pulpitis.

How does a human tooth work?

The elements of a human tooth can be conditionally divided into:

The crown is located above the gum and has a special coating called enamel. Under the enamel there is a strong layer of dentin, which is similar in structure to bone tissue.

The cavity of the tooth located inside the crown is called the "pulp". It passes into a narrow root canal, at the base of which there is a small hole. Nerve endings and blood vessels pass through it into the tooth cavity. Inflammation of the pulp is called pulpitis. It is an indication for opening the tooth cavity and cleaning the root canals. The most difficult thing to treat pulpitis is in the cavity of three-channel units (for example, in the sixth). In advanced cases, it is necessary to remove a tooth, and if it is also on top and in the last rows (6, 7 or 8), then this is also inconvenient.

The dental neck is located inside the gum. It does not have an enamel coating, but is protected by cement. A continuation of the tooth cavity is its root. It is located in the alveolus, a small cavity in the teeth. Its structure differs from the structure of the crown and neck. The enamel layer is absent, and the dentin is riddled with collagen. Nerves and blood vessels pass through the root canal into the dental cavity.

Number of roots and canals in teeth

The number of canals differs from the number of root bases. Cavities of teeth such as incisors can have one, two or three canals. In order to accurately determine the number of these dental canals and their location, the doctor makes an x-ray to the patient. He helps him to carry out the procedure of opening the tooth cavity more accurately.

Let us consider in more detail how many canals and roots there are in each cavity. What are the differences in their numbers on the upper and lower jaw?

On the upper jaw

According to a special dental numbering system for root teeth, their counting starts from the central incisors. The upper units, which are numbered from one to five, have one root each, 6, 7 and 8 are three-channel.

In most cases, the upper incisors and canines have one canal, the fourth unit (24th premolar) is three-channel in 8% of patients, in other cases there are 2 or 1. Premolar number five (25) may have a different number of channels. In 1% of people, this tooth is three-channel, in 24% - two-, and in the rest - one-channel. The sixth upper tooth (26th molar) can have three or four indentations (in a 50:50 ratio). The seventh root in most cases (70%) has three channels, but it can also be four-channel (30%).

On the lower jaw

The lower units, from the first incisor to the fifth premolar, have one characteristic feature, which unites them: they all have one cone-shaped root. Then there are “sixes” and “sevens” - they are two-root. The "eights" of the bottom row can have either 3 or four roots.

How many channels in the cavity lower teeth? So, the central incisors in 30% of cases have 2 indentations, in the remaining 70% - one at a time. The second incisor can be either one- or two-channel (50:50), the third canine in 7% of cases is single-channel. The 4th premolar occurs mainly with one root depression, but sometimes two. The fifth premolar is mainly single-channel. In 60% of cases, 36 molars (6th lower tooth) have three depressions, but there may be 2 and 4. The lower "seven" in 70% of cases has 3 canals, but there are also four.

Wisdom tooth and features of its anatomical structure

The extreme eighth units of the lower and upper jaw are called wisdom teeth. The cavity of these teeth often affects pulpitis, since they erupt very fragile. These curved units of wisdom have a peculiar anatomical structure tooth cavity.

They appear later than everyone else: at 20, at 30, and even at 40 years old. The difference in their anatomical structure lies in the number of roots, which can be from two to five. These roots are quite crooked (see photo), therefore, they cause a lot of problems during treatment procedures, and especially during the determination of the working length, canal expansion and filling. The number of channels in "eights" can reach up to five pieces.

How is root canal treatment carried out?

An important step in the treatment of root depressions is to determine the working length of these canals. Not everyone knows the definitions of the length of a tooth root. So, the working length of the root canal is the distance from the edge of the frontal units to the apical narrowing preceding the apical foramen. There are several methods for determining the working length of a root canal. The most commonly used calculation method, X-ray and electrometric methods.

Endodontics is involved in the treatment of root canals. When the endodontist treats the root canal, the manipulations are carried out in the following sequence:

Diagnostic methods

The first stage in the treatment of root canals is diagnostics, which will help the doctor make the correct diagnosis and determine the method of treatment. To do this, the patient needs to undergo an X-ray to examine the part of the crown that the doctor cannot see. This procedure allows you to understand how many roots and canals the tooth cavity has. If the X-ray examination is ignored, then the opening of the cavity of the diseased tooth will have to be performed again.

Preparatory procedures

After the X-ray of the tooth cavity has been thoroughly studied, the diagnosis is made, and the stages of the forthcoming therapy are planned, it is necessary to tell the patient about everything in detail. Next, you need to draw up a documentary consent for the opening and further treatment of the tooth cavity.

An important point in preparation for the treatment of the root socket is the doctor's receipt of information about the presence of allergic reactions in the patient to anesthetics. If such information is not available, then an allergy test is carried out. At this stage, chemical treatment of the instruments is carried out, with the help of which manipulations will be performed.

Administration of anesthesia and application of anesthetic

Before starting treatment, the patient is anesthetized in the area of the jaw where the intervention will be performed. Anesthesia can be superficial or injected. The first type of anesthesia blocks sensitivity not only in the cavity of the teeth, but also on the mucous membrane. It is usually used to numb the area where the doctor is about to inject the anesthetic.

For superficial anesthesia, the following drugs are used:

Opening the molar

What is the opening of the tooth cavity? In order to remove the pulp and clean the root canals, the dentist must provide good access to them. Opening of the tooth cavity can be started immediately after turning the caries and removing the sawdust from the dentin. The process of opening the tooth cavity begins with the smallest bur, after which a large spherical bur is used.

Drug treatment of canals

Canal treatment is divided into mechanical (scraping of the contents with the help of special instruments) and chemical (drug treatment of root canals disinfectants injected with a thin needle). Today, the following drug treatment scheme for the root canal is used: sodium hypochlorite is applied after using each instrument and completing mechanical cleaning, then hydrogen peroxide, and then distilled water. Medical treatment of root canals is carried out immediately after the opening of the dental cavity is completed.

Filling

The final stage in the treatment of tooth root canals is a hermetic filling of the cavity. Root cavities are filled with a special filling material (usually gutta-percha). The filling helps the tooth to stay strong and prevents pathogenic bacteria from entering its cavity.

Filling of the tooth cavity is:

Prevention of root canal diseases

For a perfect "order" in the oral cavity, you must:

take care of her properly;
use quality oral hygiene tools and products;
visit the dentist twice a year;
rinse your mouth with water after each meal;
give up smoking and alcohol;
reduce the amount of coffee and tea consumed;
eat properly.

Once I went to the dentistry to treat a tooth, in the end they pulled it out and said that the dentition was wrong. That there should be 3 roots in the tooth, and I have 2. The doctors were mistaken, the root remained in the gum. I got it on my own. And they didn't even deign to double-check everything. So that's it ...

How many canals are in 5, 6, 7 and the rest of the teeth of the upper and lower jaw, what is the length

Teeth differ from each other in shape, structure, number of roots. The space inside the root is called the root canal. The number of roots has a relationship with the load on the tooth, but the number of canals in a tooth does not directly depend on the number of roots. And even in the same tooth in different people, the number of canals may differ.

The key to quality endodontic treatment is precise definition channels of teeth: their number, length, shape.

As a rule, the deeper a tooth is in the mouth, the more canals it has. The number of canals of the teeth of the upper and lower jaw differ: the upper teeth have more of them.

A preliminary assessment of the number of canals in a tooth is carried out according to the table (the probability of a certain number of roots, depending on the location of the tooth):

So, the canals of the 24 tooth (left quadruple on the upper jaw) in 85% of cases are determined by the number 2. That is, there are usually only two canals in this tooth. But 9% of people can only have 1 channel and 6% have 3 channels. On the other hand, 3 channels in the teeth most often (77%) have a "seven" of the lower jaw. With the greatest confidence, one can judge how many channels are in front tooth on the upper jaw - only 1.

It is statistically impossible to answer the question of how many canals there are in a wisdom tooth: in the upper ones, the number varies from one to five, in the lower ones - about three.

The exact number can be found only when opening a tooth or by the results of X-ray (sighting, for a particular tooth, or orthopanthogram, to assess the condition of all teeth).

Length of the canals of the teeth of the upper and lower jaw

For quality endodontic treatment, it is important to know the length of the root canal. The length of the canals of the teeth (table below) depends on the size of the tooth itself. Determination of such parameters is possible in several ways.

The primary preliminary assessment is carried out in a tabular way (the average length of the canal and its variability in mm, depending on the tooth formula):

Sometimes the length of the canals of the teeth can be determined from the radiograph, but the radiographic image in most cases does not reflect the true size.

With an accuracy of 60-97%, the length is determined electrometrically (by changing electrical resistance tissues) using an apex locator.

The tactile method is based on slowly immersing the probe into the canal until it becomes jammed.

According to the patient's feelings (a slight "prick" when advancing the instrument beyond the root apex) during treatment without anesthesia, the length of the canal is also roughly determined.

It is effective to use a combination of several approaches.

Root canal patency

In addition to the number and length, important information is the patency of the root canals, which depends on the degree and location of the curvature. If the curvature is less than 25 degrees, then the canal is instrumentally accessible, from 25 to 50 degrees - difficult to access (the so-called difficult-to-pass tooth canals), over 50 degrees - inaccessible. With the localization of the curvature near the mouth of the canal, it is possible to expand the latter and improve patency.

If the examination reveals a too narrow, deep canal in the tooth, CT may be required to clarify its configuration. Treatment of complex teeth requires particularly painstaking work, which can be facilitated with a microscope.

Sometimes the doctor cannot find a canal in a tooth. This situation is usually associated with obliteration (narrowing or overgrowth) of the canals due to an inflammatory or tumor process, incorrect treatment in the past, age-related changes.

Remember that only a specialist can assess the condition of the root canals and, depending on their structural features determine the tactics of treatment.

5 upper tooth how many canals

How many canals are in human teeth? Features of the anatomical structure

A beautiful smile is fashionable. Therefore, great attention is paid to dental health these days. Unfortunately, not everyone can boast of their impeccable appearance, although modern dental developments are able to bring them as close as possible to the ideal.

In our article, we will not talk about this. We will discuss the anatomical structure of the human tooth, the diagram of which is shown on our website.

The molars are the only human organ that cannot be restored on its own. That is why they need to be protected and regularly tracked for any changes in their condition. After all, it is not without reason that a regular examination by a dentist is recommended every 6 months.

The molars require careful care

If we consider enlarged, then each molar, a photo of which can be seen on our website, consists of a crown and a root part. The coronal part - the one that is located above the level of the gums, is covered from above with the most durable tissue in the human body - enamel, which protects its softer inner layer - dentin, which is the basis of the tooth.

Despite its strength and reliability, enamel is incredibly susceptible to external influences. Poor care and bad habits, and heredity. Pathogenic bacteria enter the enamel cracks, causing intense tissue destruction. A person develops a carious process, which also captures dentin.

If untreated, the infection penetrates the root part, develops acute pulpitis and other equally dangerous ailments.

As for the structure of the root part. then its main elements are arteries, veins and nerve fibers that feed the tooth. They are located in the pulp of the root canal and through the apical foramen are connected to the main neurovascular bundle.

Dentin below the gum level is covered with cement, which is attached to the periodontium using collagen fibers. The roots of human teeth, the photo illustrates them very well, are hidden in the alveoli - a kind of depressions in the jawbone.

Any defeat of it requires its complete removal. A broken root cannot be restored.

The structure of the jaw and molars of an adult deserves a separate section. This will be discussed below.

When visiting dental office we hear different names that are unusual for our ear and, sometimes, do not even understand what the speech is about. This section is intended to understand what human teeth are called in order, if necessary, to learn how to delve into the degree of dental problems you have discovered.

So, in the mouth we have:

Central and lateral incisors;
Fangs;
Pre-molars or small molars;
Molars or large molars.

In order to indicate their position on the upper and lower jaw, a so-called dental formula is used in dental practice. according to which the numbers of milk teeth are written in Latin numbers, and the indigenous ones - in Arabic.

With a full set of teeth in an adult, the dental formula will be recorded as follows: 87654321 / 123465678. A total of 32 pieces.

On each side there are 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars. It is also customary to refer to molars as wisdom teeth, which grow last. As a rule, after 20 years. As for children.

then their dental formula will have a different look. After all, there are only 20 milk teeth.

But we will talk about this a little later, but now we will deal with the structure of incisors, canines, premolars and molars, and also discuss their differences.

Features of the structure of the upper teeth

The smile zone includes the central and lateral incisors, canines and premolars. Molars are called chewable because their main purpose is to chew food. Each of them looks different.

So, the ones are the central incisors. Their coronal part is thickened and slightly flattened; they have one long root. Lateral incisors also have a similar shape. They, like the central incisors, have three tubercles from the incisal edge from which 3 pulp spurs extend along the dental canal.

Fangs are shaped like animal teeth. They have a pointed edge, a convex shape and only one tubercle on their cutting part. First and second premolars. or, as dentists call them, the four and the five have a very large external similarity, the difference is only in the size of their buccal surface and in the structure of the root.

Next are the molars. The six has the largest coronal size. She looks like an impressive rectangle, and the chewing surface in its shape resembles another geometric figure - a rhombus. The six has 3 roots - one palatine and two buccal.

Seven differs from six in slightly smaller sizes and different structures of fissures, but eight, or, according to the folk, a wisdom tooth not even grows in everyone. Its classic shape should be the same as that of ordinary molars, and its root resembles a powerful trunk.

Upper wisdom teeth are considered the most capricious.

They can begin to disturb a person even at the stage of their eruption, and when removed, they can create a difficult situation due to their twisted and twisted roots. On the opposite jaw are their antagonists. Our next section will be devoted to them.

Features of the structure of the lower teeth

What a person's teeth and canines consist of, the photo conveys quite accurately, as well as their appearance. It can be judged that the structure of the teeth of the lower jaw is completely different from their structure on the upper jaw. Let's consider this moment in more detail.

The teeth of the lower jaw have the same names as the upper ones, and their structure will be slightly different.

The central incisors are the smallest in size. They have a small flat root and 3 mild tubercles. The lateral incisor is only a few millimeters larger than the central one. It also has a very small size, a narrow crown and a small flat root.

The lower canines are similar in shape to their antagonists, but at the same time they are narrower and slightly deflected back.

The first premolar on the lower jaw has a rounded shape, a flat and flattened root, and some slope towards the tongue.

The second premolar is slightly larger than the first due to the more developed tubercles and the presence of a horseshoe-shaped fissure between them.

The first molar, that is, the lower six, has the most tubercles. Its fissure resembles the letter Ж, moreover, it has as many as 2 roots. One of them has one channel, and the second has two. The second and third molars are very similar in shape to the first.

They are distinguished only by the number of tubercles and fissures located between them, which, especially in the figure eight, can have a bizarre shape.

Milk teeth are the predecessors of molars. They begin to appear in the first year of a baby's life and the first, as a rule, pierces the gum of the lower central incisor. Many parents recall the teething period with a shudder. They give so much torment to the crumbs. This process is not fast - it is stretched out in time.

From the appearance of the first tooth to the last, two, or even two and a half years can pass.

The average three-year-old toddler has a full set of teeth in the mouth in the amount of 20 pieces. With them, the child will walk up to 11 - 12. But they will begin to change to indigenous from 5 - 7 years.

Photos of toothless children school age parents keep in family albums. But back to what it is, the structure of milk teeth in children. Let's start with their shape.

It will be approximately the same as that of the permanent ones.

The only difference will be in their small size and snow-white color. However, the degree of mineralization of enamel and dentine is weak, so they are more prone to caries. Therefore, their care must be regular and thorough.

The structure of the milk tooth is also distinguished by a large volume of pulp, which is incredibly prone to inflammation. That is why caries in children is rapidly turning into pulpitis.

Milk teeth do not have long roots. moreover, they do not sit tightly in the periodontal tissue. This greatly facilitates the process of replacing them with permanent ones. Although for children, the process of removing them is always stressful.

Teeth are considered one of the most complex systems in our body. Their significance for our a fulfilling life invaluable. Therefore, you need to start taking care of their condition and health from an early age. And make it a rule to visit the dentist every six months.

The number of roots and canals in human teeth

Most of the oral cavity is occupied by organs, the main function of which is to chew and grind food into smaller pieces.

This contributes to its complete digestion and better absorption. nutrients... A tooth is an organ that has characteristic shape and consisting of several parts.

The outer visible part is called the crown in dentistry, the inner part is called the root. The element connecting the crown and root is the neck.

An interesting fact is that, unlike a crown, a tooth may have more than one root. How many roots a tooth has, as a rule, depends on the location and purpose of the organ. In addition, its structure and the number of roots are influenced by hereditary factor... The situation can be finally clarified only with the help of an X-ray.

The article provides detailed information on how many roots are in the frontal, lateral chewing teeth, as well as in the figure eight, or the so-called wisdom tooth. In addition, you can find out what is the purpose of the tooth root, for which the chewing units need nerves. The dental advice given in the following material will help prevent the development of dental diseases.

Number of roots in human teeth

Factors affecting the number of roots include:

organ location;
the degree of load on it, functional features (chewing, frontal);
heredity;
the age of the patient;
race.

X-ray examination determines how many canals are in the tooth. These data are important in dentistry, because an unattended canal can cause significant complications during filling. Often, with complex removal of decayed teeth, minor fragments and individual dental roots break off, and if they are not completely removed, an inflammatory process develops. The root canals of the teeth contain venous and arterial vessels from which it feeds nervous tissue... A living tooth gives its owner information about the hardness, temperature and nature of the food that he bites or chews. Nerve endings promptly signal inflammation of the pulp or the inner part of the tooth. The apex of the root is the lowest part of the tooth that is firmly anchored in the gum.

At the ends of the apex there are small round or oval holes through which nutrients and nerve impulses enter.

Standard number of roots

equipped with five roots;
molars have four, sometimes three roots;
premolars have one or two roots;
canines and incisors share the same root.

as a rule, the chewing teeth of the upper jaw have four canals and three roots;
the chewing teeth in the lower row have three canals and two roots;
the first molars in the upper jaw in 90% of the examined patients have 4 canals, in 7% of patients there are three of them; 3% have five;
second molars in the upper jaw in 40% of patients have four canals, in 60% the number differs by one upward or downward;
the third molars in the upper jaw, depending on individual characteristics, can have two, four or even five full-fledged roots.

in 90% of cases, the canine has two canals at the root, but in the remaining 10%, part falls on one, and part - on three canals;
incisors overwhelmingly have two canals, but some people may have one.

Dentistry textbooks usually provide standard values, but the reality is very different. Anatomy, as taught in theory, rarely exists in practice.

Back to the table of contents

Features of the root system

The opening located at the tip of the root is called the apical opening. The difficulty lies in the fact that the number of apical foramina can vary. The holes can combine the output of two or even three channels at once, or they can serve for one channel. Also, the tooth canal can bifurcate anywhere in two and end in two isolated exits. Every dentist has to re-examine the root canal system when getting to know the patient's teeth.

There are no two identical systems, just as there are no two identical people. The length of the dental roots is also individual and differs in each individual patient.

For any dental manipulations with the roots of the teeth, a control X-ray examination is required.

Back to the table of contents

Root canal treatment

Thanks to the capabilities of modern dentistry, even severely decayed teeth can be saved from extraction. Maintaining the integrity of the dental arch is very important to ensure an even distribution of the load when biting and chewing food. This helps to protect the joints of the jaw from deformation, and teeth from rapid wear. Timely elimination of caries is important so that the infection does not get into the pulp of the tooth. If the inflammatory process affects the internal soft tissues, the nerve endings in the canals are irritated, and toothache begins. If the infection moves deeper along the canal, it can cause the following diseases:

- the immune system isolates the colony of pathogenic microorganisms in a dense bag near the apical foramen;
periostitis - the inflammatory process captures the tissues of the periosteum;
osteomyelitis - pathogenic microorganisms enter the bone tissue and begin to damage it.

In order to prevent such consequences, it is carried out in a timely manner. To do this, the dentist takes the following steps:

reaming the tooth to the pulp;
an x-ray is taken of the desired part of the jaw in order to find out the number and exact location of the roots and canals of the tooth;
introduces a pasty preparation containing an anesthetic and paraformaldehyde;
during the next visit, when all the nerve endings have already lost their vitality, the cavity of the dental roots is cleaned with special needles from soft and dead material;
the inner space of each root is sterilized and filled with filling material;
a snapshot is taken to control the quality of the development of the root system;
the appearance of the tooth is restored.

Correctly determining the number of canals in a tooth is possible only with the help of an X-ray. Of course, their number depends on where the tooth is located - with a greater chewing load on the teeth in the back of the jaws and the holding system is stronger, respectively, they are larger, have more roots and canals. However, this is a variable indicator, and it does not mean that the upper or lower incisors will have only one canal, it all depends on the individual characteristics of the structures of the jaw of each person. Therefore, how many canals in a diseased tooth require filling, the dentist will be able to determine at an autopsy or using an X-ray.

Percentage calculation

In the first incisor, most often there is only one canal - this is in 70% of cases from the general statistics and only in 30% of them there can be two;
The second tooth, in almost equal proportions, can have either one or two canals, or rather, a ratio of 56% to 44%;
The third incisor of the lower jaw almost always has only one canal and only in 6% of cases there can be two of them.

Posterior molars usually have the following ratio:

Top seven: 70 to 30% three and four channels;
Bottom 7: 13 to 77% two and three channels.

Misconception

Treatment

The development of modern medicine and dentistry, in particular, today allows more and more often to preserve those sick teeth that had to be removed yesterday due to the impossibility of treatment. Root canal treatment procedure in the teeth itself is quite complex, because they are filled with soft tissue - pulp, which contains a large number of nerve endings, blood vessels and other connective tissues. Today, a separate section of dentistry is engaged in this - endodontics, the development of which makes it possible to improve the condition of human teeth and cure even complex problems in more than 80% of cases, while preserving the tooth itself.

The goals of this treatment are:

Removal of the developing infection inside the root system;
Prevention of pulp disintegration or its removal;
Removal of infected dentin;
Preparation of the canal for filling (giving it the desired shape);
Increasing the effect of drugs.

Tooth pain or swelling of the gums is the first symptom of this treatment. However, it should be borne in mind that in the case of the transition of the disease to the chronic stage, the pain may not be observed, and the disease develops and eventually leads to the loss of a tooth. This is why it is so important to have regular preventive dental check-ups.

The process and stages of canal treatment

The root canal treatment process has a clear sequence of stages:

Also, after filling the tooth for some time (up to several days) can give pain when pressed or just whine, cause discomfort, have increased sensitivity. This is usually normal and pain relievers can be taken if the pain is severe. If the pain does not go away after a certain time, this can also be an indicator of poor treatment (insufficient cleaning of the infection or infected pulp, leaky filling, use of substandard drugs or materials).

Sometimes there are cases occurrence of allergic reactions, which is also accompanied by incessant pain, sometimes itching and rash appear on the body. It can be caused by a reaction to a drug or material used for the filling. In this case, it must be replaced with another one that will not cause allergies.

In all these situations, it is imperative to consult a doctor as soon as possible for a repeated examination and prophylaxis of teeth, in order to identify the cause of deviations from the norm.

stoma.guru

Our teeth have the following structure:

The crown is the part of the tooth that rises in the oral cavity (the visible part)
The root that is in the hole
The neck, located at the border between the root and the crown

Inside, the tooth has a cavity in which the coronal cavity and the root canal are distinguished.

So how many canals are there in a tooth?

Upper jaw: 1st, 2nd, 3rd teeth definitely always have one canal.
Lower jaw: the 1st tooth in 70% of cases has one canal and in 30% of cases two canals can be found in it.
Lower jaw: 2nd tooth may have one canal in 56% of cases and two canals in 44%.
Lower jaw: the 3rd tooth in 94% will have one canal and only 6% will have two canals.
Upper jaw: 4th tooth has one, two and three canals, respectively, in percentages - 9%, 85% and 6%.
Lower jaw: 4th tooth has only two variations - 74% in one canal and 26% in two canals.
Upper jaw: 5th tooth - one, two and three canals are distributed in this ratio, respectively: 75%, 24% and 1%.
Lower jaw: 5th tooth - 89% have one canal and 11% have two canals.
Upper jaw: 6th tooth - three and four canals are distributed in this ratio, respectively: 57% and 43%.
Lower jaw: 6th tooth - two, three and four canals will be distributed in the appropriate proportions: 6%, 65%, 29%.
Upper jaw: 7th tooth - in 70% of cases it has three canals and in 30% - four.
Lower jaw: 7th tooth - 13% falls on two canals and 77% falls on three canals.
In the 8 teeth of the upper jaw, there can be one, two, three, four or five canals, and in the lower one there are usually three.

Now you are convinced that it is possible to answer the question: "how many canals in a tooth" only after a direct examination by a doctor. What to do in case of sore throat - you can read here

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How does a tooth work?

If you do not go into the question, the structure of the teeth seems quite simple: there is a crown covered with enamel above the gum, and roots under the gum. Each tooth has a certain number of "roots". It depends on the degree of load on him: the more it is, the more powerful his restraining system will be. Obviously, chewing molars will have more roots and canals than members of the biting group.

Let's drop a little deeper: the "root" itself is covered with cement, and underneath there is dentin. The hole in which the root is located is called the alveoli. Between them there is a small space with connective tissue - the periodontium. Here are the nerve fibers and blood vessels that feed the dental tissues.

There is a cavity inside each tooth. In it, under a reliable "shell" is the pulp - it is a bundle of nerves and blood vessels that provide nutrition for bone formations. The pulp is sometimes called the heart of the tooth - if it has to be removed, it becomes dead. The cavity narrows towards the roots - this is the dental canal. It stretches from the top of the "root" to its base. At the apex of the tooth root there is a hole through which nerves and vessels pass, connecting the pulp with the rest of the jaw tissues.

Number of roots in each tooth

Let's find out how many roots the teeth have. If you draw a vertical line in the middle of the jaw, dividing it into the right and left parts, then 2 incisors will go first from the line in both directions, then the canines, then 2 small molars and 2 large molars, and the very last - “wise "Eights.

There are several types of anesthesia used for dental treatment... Find out how local anesthesia is done.

Do you know how to teach a one-year-old baby to brush his teeth correctly? The answer to this question can be found here.

The number of roots in the teeth of the upper and lower jaw is different. In addition, this indicator can be influenced by individual characteristics organism, genetics and race. For example, representatives of the Caucasian race will have fewer of them than the Mongoloid and Negroid. Therefore, the dentist cannot answer the question, for example, how many roots the 7 tooth has from below. Everything is individual. But for the average Caucasian, this is usually the case:

the central incisors both above and below have 1 root;
lateral incisors and canines - 1 each;
the first premolars from above - 2 each;
the first premolars from below - 1 each;
second premolars of both upper and lower jaw - 1 each;
1 and 2 molars from above - 3 each;
1 and 2 lower molars - 2 each.

The roots of wisdom teeth or third molars are an individual phenomenon. Experienced dentists-surgeons say that the "eights" in humans, like the appendixes, are unique. "Wise" molars can appear in old age or adolescence. Moreover, the number of their "roots" can vary from 2 and up to 5.

Interesting: some people mistakenly believe that milk teeth have no "roots". In fact, just like indigenous ones, temporary bone formations can have from 1 to 3 "roots". Just by the time the milk teeth are replaced with permanent ones, they dissolve.

Root formation

The first indigenous to childhood"sixes" appear. This happens at about the age of 5-6 years. You already know how many roots the 6th tooth is likely to have. Did you know that a tooth begins to erupt long before its "root" is fully formed? The timing of the formation of the roots of permanent teeth may differ, but on average this process is completed within 2-3 years after the appearance of bone formation above the gum. The sequence of eruption of permanent teeth and the timing of the maturation of their roots looks like this:

“Sixes” appear by the age of 6, and their roots are formed by the age of 10;
the central incisors erupt by the age of 8, and at the age of 10, "roots" are already formed;
lateral incisors grow by 9 years, their roots by 10;
"Fours" appear at 10 years old, and their "roots" will form at 12;
the roots of the canines will be formed by 13 years, while the "triplets" themselves will appear by 11;
"Fives" appear by the age of 12, at the same time the stage of formation of the root part is completed;
"Sevens" will grow by 13, and their roots by 15 years.

Interesting fact: sometimes dental roots can grow together. For example, it is known exactly how many roots 6 the lower tooth has - there are 2. But on the X-ray it may seem that the "six" has one massive root. There is also another anomaly in the development of roots - their curvature.

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Number of canals in a tooth

In order to determine the number of canals in a tooth, it is necessary to take an X-ray. Only with the help of it can one say for sure about their number.

In dentistry, data on how many canals there should be is given as a percentage, since there are no strict rules and regulations.

To begin with, the upper teeth can be very different from the lower ones. So, in the upper incisors and canines, as a rule, there is one canal. In this case, the lower central incisor can also have two channels. In 2/3 cases there is only one channel, and in the rest there are two. The second lower incisor has two canals in almost half of the cases. The canine, in turn, is only 6%. In the remaining 94%, the lower canine is two-channel.

Next, consider the first premolar, or fourth tooth. On the upper jaw, it may even have three canals. This situation occurs in 6% of cases. Very rarely, or rather 9%, it has one channel. In other cases, the tooth has two canals. In contrast, the first premolar does not have three canals on the lower jaw. In 2/3 of cases, it has one channel and in 1/3 - two.

The second premolars have a similar ratio. At the same time, in the upper jaw, three-canal teeth are found with a probability of 1%, two-canal teeth - 24%. The rest are usually single-channel. In the lower jaw, most often the fifth tooth has one canal. Only in 11% of cases it has two nerve endings.

The six on the upper jaw can contain both three and four canals with the same probability, that is, their ratio is 1: 1. On the lower jaw, in rare cases, there are two-channel sixes. Most often, namely in 65% of cases, there are three canals in the tooth. In the rest, maybe even four.

The seventh tooth in the upper jaw can be three-channel in 2/3 of cases and four-channel in 1/3. The same ratio of channels in the seven of the lower jaw. The only difference is that there are more often two-canal and less often three-canal teeth.

How many roots and channels?

Do not expect that there will be as many canals in the tooth as there are roots. They often have different ramifications. In this case, the canal can bifurcate near the pulp chamber. In this case, the additional channel is easy enough to identify and seal in time. The canals often run parallel to each other and are located in the same root.

In addition, bifurcation of the canals in the area of the apex is not excluded. Thus, the root has two tops. It is rather difficult to fill this canal, but the use of modern instruments and equipment increases the chances of successful treatment.

Amazing wisdom tooth

The most surprising is the eighth tooth. In the upper jaw, a wisdom tooth can have up to five canals. On the bottom - up to three. But this does not exclude the presence of more channels. In addition, very often during the treatment of a wisdom tooth, additional canals are identified.

It should be noted that the canals of this tooth rarely have the correct shape. They are most often curved and have a narrow course, and therefore are difficult to process and subsequent filling.

Considering all of the above, we can conclude that the canals, like the teeth themselves, have their own characteristics. Therefore, with each treatment of a tooth, the doctor must observe the utmost care in order not to miss the additional canal or its branching.

Specially forworlddent.ru Olga Bukreeva

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Factors affecting the number of roots include:

organ location;
the degree of load on it, functional features (chewing, frontal);
heredity;
the age of the patient;
race.

Additional Information! Many people mistakenly believe that their children's temporary milk teeth do not have roots. This is absolutely not true. There are grounds, and their number can reach up to three, with their help the chewing organs of babies are attached to the jaw. By the time the dairy units are replaced with permanent “roots”, they disappear, as a result of which the parents have the opinion that they did not exist at all.

Lower lateral incisors in most cases, they are endowed with 2 canals, however, like the lower canines. Only in rare cases canine teeth located on the lower jaw are two-channel (5-6%).

The distribution of grooves in the remaining units of the dentition is carried out according to the following scheme, from which you can find out how many canals each tooth has:

upper first premolar - 1 (9% of cases), 2 (85%), 3 (6%);
the bottom four - 1, less often 2;
upper second premolar (No. 5) - 1 (75% of cases), 2 (24%), 3 (1%);
the bottom 5 is predominantly single-channel;
upper first molar - 3 or 4;
lower first molar - 3 (60% of cases), less often - 2, extremely rarely - 4;
upper and lower seven - 3 (70%), 4 - in other cases.