Stones salivary glands treatment. Stones of salivary glands - symptoms and methods of treatment

- Conductors (Salivolites), formed in output ducts or parenchyma salivary glands (submandibular, parole, sublard, small). When blocking the stones of the salivary glands, there are acute pain (saliva colic), an increase in the gland, the phenomenon of syystenitis; In some cases, abscess or phlegmon formation may occur salivary gland. The presence of salivary stones is diagnosed with palpation, ultrasound of salivary glands, sialography, CT, sialoscintigraphy. Conservative therapy can be assigned to remove stones of the salivary glands, salivary ducts, lithotripsy, sialonoscopy, open operation or extirpation of salivary gland.

General

Stones of the salivary glands (Salolithiasis, Slyunokamnaya Disease) are single or multiple mineral formations, blocking solubular glands. The stones of the salivary glands are found in 1% of the population, mainly aged 20-45 years. In dentistry among the diseases of the salivary glands, Salolyazis accounts for 20.5-78% of all pathology. In 85-95% of cases, stones are formed in subband salivary glands and a warrtonic protocol; at 3-8% - in the near-dry glands and the banner of the wall; It is extremely rare - in the sub-surfactant and small salivary glands. At about a quarter of cases there are multiple stones of the salivary glands.

Small stones of salivary glands are easy to wash saliva; However, large concrections are able to block the lumen of the duct. The mass of the stones of the salivary glands varies from 3-7 to 20-30 g, the quantity is from a few millimeters to several centimeters. In the parenchyem of the salivary glands, rounded shape stones are usually formed; In the output ducts - oblong. The salivary concrections are more likely to have a yellow-colored surface, an uneven surface, various density.

Causes of the formation of storming glands

The formation of stones of the salivary glands contributes to the combination of common and local factors. First, there is a violation of calcium exchange and vitamin A deficiency in the body. Patients with urolithiasis, gout, hyperparathyroidism, hypervitaminosis D, diabetes are inclined to the formation of stones of salivary glands. The risk of stones of the salivary glands increases in smokers, patients who take some drugs (antihistamines, hypotensive, diuretic, psychotropic, etc.).

Local reasons include the anomalies of the ducts of the salivary glands (narrowing, ectasia, wall defects, etc.) and the change in their secretory function. The presence of stones is always accompanied by inflammation of the salivary glands (Xialadenit), but the question of what is primary - stone formation or infection of the gland remains controversial.

The salivary stone is usually formed around the kernel having a microbial or non-microbial nature. In the first case, the kernel is most often a conglomerate of microorganisms (actinomycete), in the second - the accumulation of the raven epithelium and leukocytes, foreign bodiesFixed in the duct (fish bones, fruit grains, toothbrush bristles). The stones of the salivary glands consist of components of organic and mineral origin. The organic component (10-30%) includes amino acids, duct epithelium, mucin; minerals (70-90%) are represented by phosphate and calcium carbonate, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chlorine, iron. Generally chemical composition Silled stone close to the dental stone.

Most likely, a series of endogenous and exogenous factors leading to a change in the composition and secretion of saliva, a decrease in saliva speed, pH shift to the alkaline side and falling out of saliva mineral salts.

Symptoms of salivary glands

When localizing the stone in the parenchyma of the salivary gland the course of the disease is asymptomatic. At this stage, the concrections are a random find when x-ray examination Patient about another odontogenic disease.

Subjective I. objective signs Slyunokamnaya Diseases are usually developing when the stone of the salivary gland reaches relatively large sizes and overlaps the clearance of the output channel. In a clinically pronounced stage, patients notice the sawing sensations and swelling of the salivary gland during meals, an unpleasant taste in the mouth. Characteristic sign The stones of the salivary glands serve as the so-called "salivary colic" - an acute pain attack associated with the retention of saliva and a sharp increase in the size of the fiber of the gland.

When blocking a stone of the duct of the subband salivary gland, there are pain when swallowing with irradiation in the ear or temple. In some cases, the stones can be seen or gripped in the region of the duct of the salivary gland. The aggravation of Xialadenit is accompanied by the phenomena of general intoxication - subfebrile temperature Body, malaise, headache.

With complicated flow of salivinal disease in the area of \u200b\u200baffected salivary gland and its ducts, abscesses and phlegmon can be formed. In some cases, the gland is performed with the exit of the concrement in soft fabrics.

Diagnostics

External examination, as a rule, reveals an increase in the size of the corresponding gland; Bimanual palpation detects its dense consistency and soreness. Often, the stone can be fascinated when probing the duct of the salivary gland. In some cases, the mouth of the duct gaps, the mucous or purulent secret is distinguished from it.

To confirm the presence of stones, a survey radiography and an X-ray-contrast study of salivary gland (sialography, dihydral sialoscopy), ultrasound of the salivary glands are performed. With difficulties differential diagnosis Computer sialotomography is carried out, sialoscintigraphy. In order to study the secretory function of the salivary glands, sialometry is shown. To study the composition and properties of saliva is investigated biochemical analysispH.

The stones of the salivary glands should be differentiated from lymphadenitis, oral tumors, phlebolitis, odontogenic abscesses, nearby phlegmon.

Treatment of stones salivary glands

In some cases, the stones of the salivary glands may be spontaneously; Sometimes conservative therapy is appointed to facilitate their disheava: Salunogon diet, gland massage, thermal procedures, bodging of the ducts of the salivary glands. Antibiotics are issued for the prevention and relief of the phenomena of acute Xialadenite.

The stones of the salivary glands, located near the mouth of the duct, can be extracted by a dentist with a tweezers or by extrusion. Surgical tactics involves removing stones from the duct of salivary gland different ways. The most advanced method of treatment of salivinal disease is interventional sialonoscopy, which allows removing salivary stones with an endoscopic way, eliminate the scar strictures of the ducts. An extracorporeal lithotripsy is also related to the number of modern minimally invasive treatment methods of Salolithiasis - crushing stones of the salivary glands with ultrasound. In some cases, inttracotical litholysis is effective - the chemical dissolution of stones by introducing a 3% solution of citric acid into the solutions of the salivary gland.

Surgical removal of salivary gland stones can be held open way - By dissection of output flow from the oral cavity. At the stage of the gland is an abscess, the dilution of the edges of the wound is carried out to ensure the smooth outflow of the purulent exudate and the removal of the concrete. With recurrent stones or irreversible changes in salivary gland shown radical operational intervention - Extractation of salivary gland.

Prediction and prevention

The radical removal of the salivary glands is accompanied by a xerostomy, an impaired microflora of the oral cavity, accelerated destruction of the teeth, which, without doubt, reduces the quality of life of patients. Thanks to the use modern methods Treatment approximately in 80-90% of cases, it is possible to avoid the removal of salivary gland and limit only by the extraction of the salivary stone.

Further prediction and prevention of salivinal disease in many ways depend on the elimination of factors contributing to the stone formation: disorders of mineral and vitamin metabolism, the anomalies of the ducts of the salivary glands, harmful habits, Correction of medication therapy.

Slyunokamnaya disease or Salolithiasis - the formation of mineral bowls in the structures.

Their occurrence often causes strong painOver time, it may entail a complete blockage of ducts and inflammation of the lifting glands.

On initial stage Development of the disease The specialists often resort to conservative treatment, but on running Stage Without surgery, it is impossible to do without surgery.

Causes of occurrence

The occurrence and growing in the salivary glands of the stones is most often due to the disorder in the body of a calcium metabolism, accompanied by a lack of retinol.

This situation is often found in people suffering from the following diseases:

• diabetes;
• diseases of the urogenital system;
• excess in the organism of vitamin D;
• pathology of functioning endocrine system - hyperparathyroidism.

In addition, experts note that there are some prerequisites for the accumulation in the glands of mineral or organic formations.

• mechanical damage to Dvokovincorrectly selected prostheses or sharp edges of teeth and crowns;
• the occurrence of crystallization is either stagnation of saliva due to the slowdown in its separation;
• the presence of inflammation in the oral cavitywhich causes the squeezing of salivary ducts and clusters in pathogenic microflora;
• development of the inflammatory process as a result of penetration into federal particlesAround which bacteria accumulate and multiply.

Salivinal disease are susceptible to different age groups population, however, the disease is most often diagnosed in men and women aged 25-45 years who abused smoking or having taken some groups medicinal preparations.

Chemical composition

Stone formation begins around the kernel that can be a cluster pathogenic microorganisms Either have a non-microbial structure.

It is often present epithelial cells And foreign particles are a toothbrush pill, small undecent food particles.

The process often proceeds against the background of change quality composition saliva, reducing the rate of its separation, changes in the amount of mineral salts and acidity.

Stones formed in tissues or ducts of salivary glands, consist of organic and mineral components. Elements of the organic structure include mucoproteins, amino acids.

The stones contain about 15-25% of these substances. The remaining 75-85% make up minerals, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphates.

Symptomatics

The initial stage proceeds asymptomatic Therefore, it is possible to identify the development of the disease only with the instrumental examination - the implementation of the X-ray.

The emergence of signs of development of pathology is often observed when a large-scale stone and overlapping of the lumen of the output canal are reached.

In the patient there are the following symptoms Sialiatiasis:

• increased dryness in the oral cavity due to the development of insufficient saliva;
• slot replacement with mucous contents with purulent impurity;
• emirates Persian I. cervical region due to the accumulation of fluid;
• pain when opening the mouth, chewing food and swallowing, which can be irradiating into the ear;
• self of cutting in a problem area, swelling in the field of lower jaw and neck;
• redness of the skin Persons, neck in the stone formation zone.

Upon reaching the mineral formation of large sizes, a person can determine its location with an external inspection or forgive.

At the launched stage of development of the disease, a person is experiencing general signs Incixation of the body - slight increase Temperature, lethargy.

The severe form of the disease is able to lead to the formation in the wall of the salivary gland through the hole through which the stone goes into a soft cloth.

Diagnostics

For the diagnosis of salivinal disease, specialists apply a set of various methods of examination:

• with the help of external inspection and palpation An increase in the size of the gland is found compared to the norm, the increase in the density of its consistency is detected, soreness is determined when pressing;
• instrumental diagnostic methodsin particular, radiography, contrasting survey of saliva, ultrasound, allow to confirm the presence of mineral education and determine its size and position in the parenchyma of the gland;
• salometry- the optimal method for determining the secretory function of the salivary glands .

In addition to the listed studies, the patient often takes saliva in order to determine its acidity, high-quality composition.

In combination with other methods of the survey, this allows the differentiation of silolithiasis from phlegmon, abscess, neoplasms oral cavity.

Treatment

There are various methods for the treatment of salivinal disease, depending on the degree of its development.

At the initial stages of pathology Experts often give preference to minimally invasive techniques, facilitating the independent teaching of the stone.

At the started stage of pathology, the operation may be required.

Surgical intervention

To date, there are four techniques for eliminating stones from salivary glands:

1. Interventional Sialiandoscopy. The essence of intervention is that with the help of a fine flexible tool with the camera at the end - endoscope.

   When introduced into the salivary ducts, the specialist gets the opportunity to examine them and remove stones. The procedure is minimally invasive and is performed under the action of local anesthesia.

2. Extracorporeal lithotripsyit represents an ultrasound effect on the stones from the outside, as a result of which they are crushed.

   The possibility of further endoscopic extraction and washing of ducts with a special solution is created, which prevents the development of the inflammatory process.

3. Distribution of Duchit is used when a large-sized stone has been achieved and the impossibility of extracting it with a minimally invasive method.

   Access to mineral education in this case can be carried out through skin Covers or mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

   Extraction of stone is performed using a surgical spoon or a palpal. Most often, the sewing and drainage of the wound frame is not required.

4. Extraitation of salivary glandor the procedure for its removal is the most radical method of therapy of a salivinal disease.

   The operation is applied only if it is impossible to eliminate pathology in a different way - with repeated formation of stones or irreversible changes in the parenchymps of the gland. The procedure is carried out in stationary conditions under the action of general anesthesia.

Medicinal preparations, physiotherapy

The non-invasive technique of eliminating stones from the salivary glands is based on the release of the driving duct and intensify the process of self-removal of mineral education.

This option of therapy is suitable only when the disease is detected at the initial stage. Conservative treatment of Salolithiasis is based on the following events:

• Reception drug addicts prescribed by the attending physician. Most often, the foundation of treatment is anti-inflammatory funds, medicines that enhance the secretion of saliva, antibacterial drugs.
• Physiotherapeutic proceduresin particular, electrophoresis, fluctuorization, UHF, contribute to the expansion of salivary ducts and the unhindered passage through them stones.
• Special dietwith content acidic products Both beverages activate saliva production, which also helps bring the stones through the dockets.

Professional massageperformed by a specialist is another way of removing small mineral formations from salivary glands. However, the decision on the need for its holding is accepted only by the attending physician.

ethnoscience

Non-traditional treatments can be used only in conjunction with conservative therapy To remove small mineral formations. According to people reviews, greatest efficiency Possessing folk recipes:

1. Dry leaves sage Fill with boiling water in a proportion of 400 ml of liquid into 2 tablespoons of plants, and insist for 1.5-2 hours. The flourish cavity is rinsed by a fluid every 2-3 hours.
2. Fresh berries cranberries They are mistaken to a kashitz-shaped state, after which they are dissipated on a teaspoon before each meal intake for 10 minutes. The tool helps strengthen the salivation and bring the stones.
3. Not canned birch juice Take a daily one glass. The liquid helps dissolve calcium-based compounds present in mineral formations.

Remember! Application folk methods Treatment is permissible only after consulting with a specialist, in parallel with the fulfillment of its recommendations.

Recurney and exacerbation

The re-formation of stones in the salivary glands after their removal occurs in 8-10% of cases. As a rule, the situation indicates the maintenance of problems with the functioning of an endocrine system and a disorder in the metabolic body.

The patient may need to consult profile specialists who can identify the existing disease leading to the growth of stones.

Often, the recurrence of Salolithiasis entails the irreversible changes in the structure of the glands, which sooner or later requires their removal.

Forecast

Expert experience shows that in 90% of cases of timely treatment for professional help, the forecast in the treatment of salivinal disease is favorable regardless of the selected therapy technique.

However, an important factor prosperous outcome and the lack of re-formation of stones is to identify the cause of pathology and its elimination.

Appeal to a specialist at the started stage of Salolithiasis is most often ends with the operation to remove the salivary gland. In the future, it is fraught with a disorder of microflora of the oral cavity, the emergence of problems with teeth and ads.

Prevention

Prevent the development of pathology is much easier than to eliminate its consequences, so dentists recommend adhering to the following rules:

• fought full and balanced;
• consume purified drinking water;
• follow the hygiene oral cavity;
• with high quantities in calcium body avoid excessive use products rich in this element;
• abandon such bad habits like alcohol consumption and smoking;
• pass regular dental examinations.

In the video contain additional Information on the topic of articles.

The disease is known in medicine as calculatory power adornit, and the inhabitants call its salivinal disease is quite common.

The main pathogenetic link is the formation of stones in the ducts. Most often, the pathological process is involved by subbands, and more specifically, its ducts. The ducts are amazed less often.

The disease is more common in children aged 7 - 12 years.

Mechanism for the development of the disease

The formation of stones in salivary glands occurs under the condition of the presence of chronic siadenate. Inflamed gland tissue create conditions for violation of metabolic processes, resulting in the density of saliva and its outflow rate. Acute forms of the disease are rarely complicated by stone formation.

In the photo, stones extracted from salivary gland

The formation of a stone or sealing in the infection of the gland leads to a violation of saliva outflow. The compensatory mechanism is the expansion of the duct, but this mechanism is valid only a short timeAnd after closes the pathogenesis ring.

Due to the long stagnation of saliva in an extended duct, all conditions are created for its infection and the formation of inflammatory infiltrate.

Causes and risk factors

The main reason for the formation of stones in ducts of salivary glands is long stagnation saliva. This state is due to:

• dyskinesia ducts;
• - SalyaDenitians;
• violation of metabolic processes in the body (phosphorus and calcium exchange);
• reduced protective properties saliva;
• fit in the foreign body.

A predisposing factor in the development of salivinal disease is the presence of a patient chronic diseasescaused by disruption of metabolism in the body.

Features of a clinical picture

In the development of calculatory sialogenite, a number of symptoms arise in a patient who make it consult to the doctor:

• pain in the mouth during feeding;
• difficulties with the opening of the mouth;
• saliva becomes viscous and hard to swallow;
• ear pain pain

Symptoms of the disease are developing gradually and detected in various combinations depending on the stage of the disease. At the initial stage, called asymptomatic, the patient only celebrates the occurrence of unpleasant sensations during feeding.

After 20 minutes after the mechanical exposure, discomfort completely disappears and the person does not bother anything. Do not decease and not pay attention to what is happening. This stage is the first news of the formation of the pathological process. In the absence of treatment, it goes into the sharp phase.

Acute VS chronic

Acute power adornitis develops suddenly, sometimes for several hours, manifests itself acute pain, increasing body temperature, general weakness and headache.

This process in most cases accompanies the development or phlegmon. In the place of the flow of duct of salivary gland increases swelling, redness and soreness.

Acceptance of food is difficult due to the increase in pain in any mechanical impact. In addition, in addition to subjective complaints, the gaping of the mouth of the salivary gland, dryness of the mucous membrane, the absence of saliva outflow, is selected from the hole of a small amount of pus from the opening.

When moving the disease in chronic form Inflammatory phenomena disappear. Minor swelling remains, the asymmetry of glands is developing, an insignificant increase in the size of iron tissue is formed.

When massaging a duct, a small amount of viscous transparent content is distinguished. Careful palpation allows you to detect one or more dense formations in the duct.

Diagnosis of the disease

When identifying the first clinical signs of salivinal disease, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor.

Important! Early diagnosis Diseases - the guarantee of the effectiveness of treatment and achieve full recovery.

In the diagnosis of the disease modern medicine stepped far forward. Inspection of the patient can be performed as a dentist and therapist (in the absence of the first).

When examining the doctor can reveal the main clinical sign - an increase in the size of the salivary gland, swelling in the opening of the output duct. In some cases, palpatorial (when the tumor seat is touched by a finger), stones are revealed in the salivary gland.

To confirm and clarify the diagnosis, the doctor may assign the following studies:

• radiography of the upper or lower jaw in a given projection;
• ultrasound procedure.

After a detailed study of the research results, the doctor can not only put an accurate diagnosis, but also to designate the only true and effective treatment.

A complex of medical measures

Slutnocameal disease most often requires surgical treatment. Invasive treatment method is used only after the ineffectiveness of the conservative therapy.

In the acute phase of the disease, it is necessary to begin treatment immediately. When transitioning the disease in the chronic form, the course of therapy passes a long, at least two weeks.

Conservative treatment of salivinal disease includes:

• purpose of medicinal preparationsreinforcing the secretion of salivary glasses;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Reduces the temperature, reduces tissue edema, suppresses an inflammatory response;
• antibacterial therapy (In the event that a bacterial infection has caused the cause of the disease);
• physiotherapeutic treatment.

The methods of conservative exposure include nutrition consisting of crushed and rolled products. Increasing the amount of warm drink (rosy rose, frost) in order to increase saliva selection.

During the period of treatment, it is necessary to increase the frequency of hygienic procedures: after each meal, rinse the mouth every 2 hours.

Treatment of disease by folk remedies has auxiliary value and should be used only in the complex with traditional medicine. The most famous folk recipes is the rinse of the mouth by the sodium salt solution, the resorption of the lemon slicing.

In the case of a transition of a disease in chronic form with exacerbation episodes, there is a need for surgical treatment.

The first stage of the doctors resort to galvanizing salivary glands. This procedure is the effects of low power electrical current.

In some cases, this is enough to destroy the stones at the formation stage. If the process has failed to stop, the need to perform operational intervention.

Surgery

In clinical practice, identify clear indications for the operation:

• melting of fabrics of the gland due to the purulent process;
• full blockage of gravel duct with the development of persistent pain syndrome.

Operational treatment is to open the duct, drainage installation. Operational access - oral.

Operation is performed under local anesthesia. The drug is introduced in several places, starting from a place for 1 to 2 cm. Behind the stone.

On both sides, parallel to the course of the duct impose 2 ligatures that perform the role of "holders" for the surgeon assistant. Only then perform a cross section of the mucous membrane,

The next stage is an autopsy of the duct and the extraction of the accretion. The wound does not sneak, but impose a drainage tape or tube. Within 3-5 days in the area postoperative wound Antibacterial drugs are introduced to prevent inflammatory phenomena.

Prevention of calculous Salyagenita

Specific prophylaxis of salivinal disease does not exist. The main preventive measures are aimed at compliance with the oral hygiene and the elimination of the mechanical blockage of the duct of the salivary glands.

Complications and forecast

Complication acute form Violations is its transition to a chronic form. Chronic salivinal disease leads to violation of the function of the gland.

A long course of the disease provokes the transformation of ferrous tissues into fibrous or connect fabric. As a result, iron acquires a bug, loses the ability to perform basic functions. Such a transformation can pass by the type of tumor transformation.

The forecast of the disease is dubious. In 50% of cases, regardless of the treatment, recurrences arise. Secondary prophylaxis aims to prevent development heavy shapes and complications.

Alternative names: removal of salivary stones, removal of stone from the duct of the salivary glands, the removal of stones during calculous salyagenate.

Stones in salivary glands are mineral or organic formations that are forming in parenchyma (tissue) or ducts of salivary glands. Most frequent cause their appearance - metabolic disorders, for example, the pathology of calcium exchange, as well as a shortage of vitamin A. The tendency to the formation of salivary stones is noted in patients with gout, diabetes, urolithiasis.

The danger of salivary stones is that they can cause the complete blockage of iron duct, which leads to power adapter (inflammation of the salivary glands). In 90% of cases, approaching lifted salivary glands is affected, in 7% - the near-surround and extremely rare - sub-speaking salivary glands.

Conservative methods cure stones of salivary glands almost impossible, therefore, the issue of surgical removal is always considered.

Indications

The removal of salivary stones from the ducts is shown in cases where they create a significant obstacle to the outflow of saliva. Very often, the stones lead to a complete block of salivary gland, which can lead to serious complications (purulent siadenagenitis). Stones located in the thicker of the gland itself are removed in cases if they are prone to growth. Large stones (more than 0.5 cm) must be deleted, so the QCs are caused by the patient a pronounced discomfort and may cause infectious complications.

Contraindications

There are no absolute contraindications to remove. Small stones, as well as stones that do not prevent saliva outflows, you can try to cure conservative methods.

Training

At the preparation stage, the patient is carefully examined. To clarify the form, quantity, size and localization of stones, the following surveys are prescribed:

• radiography of the salivary glands;
• CT or MRI salivary glands;
• Syalography - introduction in salivary duct radiocontrase substances with the subsequent implementation of the X-ray.

How to remove stones of salivary glands and ducts

There are the following methods for removing salivary stones:

1. Surgical. Access to the stone is carried out through the skin, for example, according to the Kovtunovich method with the stones of the ear salivary glands. Also, the access is done through the oral mucosa, as in the case of stones in the ducts of the subsidiageless glands.
2. Endoscopic removal of salivary stones. In this case, access is carried out through natural hole Sulled duct, which introduces an endoscope with miniature instruments, with which crushing (if necessary) and the extraction of stone is carried out. This method It is less traumatic, but applicable not in all cases.
3. Sialitolipsy - crushing stones with ultrasound. This method is used only with stones located in the ducts. After lithotripsy, washing the salivary ducts.

A specific removal method chooses a doctor taking into account clinical picture diseases, localization of stones and their structure. After any operation, saliva ducts are drained to prevent complications. Draenages are left for 1-2 days or before the inflammatory process is stopped.

Additional Information

Alternative to surgical removal of the salivary glands is conservative treatmentWhen prescribed drugs that improve saliva exhibiting and contributing to the dissolution of stones. However, the effectiveness of the conservative technique is significantly lower, and at large concrevents it is almost ineffective. It is recommended to use it as the prevention of stone formation.

With the ineffectiveness of surgical treatment, an operation can be performed to remove the affected salivary gland, but this operation is extremely rare and according to life indications.

Complications

During the removal of salivary stones, there is a risk of damage to the twigs facial nerve. In case of non-compliance with the rules of aseptics may occur purulent complications Up to phlegmon people. After removing large stones, the likelihood of the formation of strictures of salivary channels is high.

Despite the efficiency of removal of salivary stones, recurrences of stone formation may be marked with any treatment methods.

Literature:

1. Dissertation author's abstract on competition of a scientific degree of candidate medical Sciences On the topic: "Features of the removal of stones from the ducts of salivary glands", Magadov Isa Alievich, Moscow, 2012.
2. A.A. Timofeev, "Guide to maxillofacial Surgery and surgical dentistry "Kiev, 2002
3. A.M. Solntsev, VS Wheels, N. Kolovova, "Diseases of the salivary glands" Kiev, 1991.

Inflammatory processes in salivary glands appear infrequently, however, it is quite difficult and pose a danger to further livelihoods. Often the cause of the defeat of this region is the stones of "stones", which are clogged with output duct and cause stagnation of fluids. In this case, doctors diagnose "Si'olithiaZ" and choose a conservative or operational method Treatment.

In the article, we learn what reasons are the appearance of stones, what symptoms is accompanied by and how the process of treatment in the hospital or at home passes.

Salolyaz - This is a notch caused by the appearance of so-called "stones" in the salivary channel, which differ in size and structure.

The smallest formations can only be seen under the microscope, and large can reach the sizes of chicken egg.

Slutnocamean disease

By the way, the person has three pairs of salivary glasses, located under the jaw, under the tongue and in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Ear. In addition to these large channels, there are also small (peeled, luminous, etc.), which also produce a secret.

Unfortunately, a reliable response about the occurrence of formations in ducts does not give medicine. But, of course, external or internal factors are favorable for this process:

• dysfunction of glands, their defeat;
• genetic or congenital structure of the jaw (individuals in general), due to which the secret accumulates and is stirred in the ducts, contributing to the occurrence of precipitation and natural deposits;
• avitaminosis and hypovitaminosis (in this case a shortage in the body of vitamins of group A);
• pathologically increased clotting blood;
• mechanical injuries (blow, injury foreign objects, dislocation or fracture of jaws, injury by destroyed teeth, crowns or prostheses) in the location of the salivary glands and ducts;
• violation of metabolism (calcium exchange is influenced by the occurrence of pathology);
• inflammatory processes purulent infection in the area of \u200b\u200bthe glands (for example, abscess, cyst, granuloma).

We can conclude that any violation of the functioning of the ducts causes a stagnation of secrecy. The natural process is the selection of salts, which are knocked in breasts, forming these stones.

Also, every new education aggravates the disease. Little stones are easily washed out by a secret in the oral cavity, and large opposite create a "tube" in the channel, collecting more and more and large quantity salts on its surface.

Symptomatics of the disease

The treatment of stones in salivary gland depends on the symptoms, the stage of the disease and the magnitude of the formations themselves.

Most a characteristic symptom For Salolithiasis is the pitiff of the face in the neck, ears and jaws

The most characteristic symptom for this disease It is the pitf clip in the neck, ears and jaws. This is caused by the blockage of the channels and stagnate liquids. A person himself can determine the area where a stone was formed - it was there that the swelling will be expressed most commonly, remind a painful bump.

Patient is discomfort while trying to open the mouth, so food intakes and ordinary communication brings easy sensations. The patient literally feels like each jaw muscle strains to implement ordinary actions. If the stones reached large sizes, threatened the patient's nutrition, because he hardly can smell his jaws.

All these processes are accompanied by tension and soreness in the oral cavity, as well as in the field of cheeks, ears, jaws.

The mouth of the cavity during Salolithiasis heavily dries and begins to crack, as the secret is almost not produced.

The stress in the face and cheeks leads to the fact that they blush and can resemble another disease.

If the salivinal disease (photo below) does not start treated at these stages, it is possible to develop infection and appearance purulent processes in canals. Against the background of inflammation, the patient's condition deteriorates, hyperthermia appears, the decline of forces. Also, the patient loses appetite, sleeps poorly and complains of periodic headaches. If the inflammation has shutdled to the parole ducts, the uches of the ears are shuffled under an unusual angle.

Diagnosis of Salolyiaza

Also inflammatory process accompanied by a change in the composition of the secret itself, the appearance of pus and other pathological fluids in it. The patient subjectively notices an unpleasant taste and smell of mouth.

Diagnosis of Salolyiaza

Unfortunately, the patient does not immediately understand the cause of pain and edema in the field of ears, jaws or persons, writing symptoms on ENT disease, dental and orthopedic pathologies. Some even prescribe treatment on the basis of symptoms, tightening the campaign to the therapist.

At the reception of qualified doctor Radiography is immediately prescribedthat will allow you to see foreign education in the ducts. The doctor also conducts a comprehensive patient's survey, collects anamnesis, examines the inflamed area by palpation. In many cases, a professional can add a stone and immediately diagnose: Si'olithiasis.

If X-ray reliably showed the presence of foreign objects in the duct, however, the patient confidently complains about low saliva and pain in the neck or jaw, it can be assigned an x-ray of the ducts using a contrast agent. The doctor introduces an iodine-based preparation into the gland channel, which will allow you to see the detailed structure of the duct and the location of the stone.

Also in modern way Stone detection in salivary gland (photo below) is an ultrasound research. It will help accurately determine the size of education, the depth of it.

Slyunokamnaya Disease (Salolithiasis)

In rare cases, CT salivary glands is assigned.

Treatment of Salolithiasis with the help of classical medicine

After the diagnosis of I. reliable definition The disease doctor establishes its stage, the size of the stone and chooses the effective and operational method of treatment.

As a rule, for the treatment of silolithiasis use conservative methods (medical therapy) or surgical intervention (iron surgery). In some cases, a comprehensive combination of these methods is necessary.

Conservative therapy implies the prescription of the course of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory medicines (taking inside). Unpleasant painful feelings Can weaken with the help of anesthetic drugs of moderate action. Rinsing the oral cavity with antiseptic and healing solutions also take place in medical practiceEspecially when it comes to purulent processes.

Surgical removal of stone

In some symptoms of stone in the salivary gland, treatment of physiotherapy treatments: massages, hirudotherapy, electrophoresis, ozonation, etc.

Unfortunately, if the disease has reached a heavy stage or also developed to a chronic form, the treatment implies surgical intervention.

At this stage, effective results show the removal of stones under infiltration anesthesia. This species Anesthesia implies the introduction of a weak novel solution (1%) into soft tissue of the oral cavity. The dosage is up to 5 ml. Before the introduction of an anesthetic doctor probes the cavity of the gland, reaching a stone probe. With each movement of the device, the doctor makes small cuts until the moment until the stone is clearly visible. Next, the surgeon imposes a medical seam. Removal of education occurs with the help of a special spoon of "Cureti", after which the seam is removed and a graduate from fabric or rubber is installed.

With severe cases of Salolytiasis, the doctor cannot effectively remove the stone (this happens with the submandibular iron). In this case, an extirpation of the gland is assigned (removal of a part of the duct along with a stone).

Is it possible to remove stones at home

Doctors are skeptical to attempts to independently remove formations in salivary ducts, be it methods for the "breaking" of stones through the outer walls or the use of folk drugs for dissolving them.

The experience of patients shows that some symptoms of salivamental disease can be treated with folk remedies, even if not completely.

The most efficient and common method, of course, is the rinse of the oral cavity with a salt-soda solution. To do this, dissolve on one teaspoon of food soda and extra salts in 200 ml of warm liquid. For disinfecting actions, you can also drop into a solution a little iodine. Rinse your mouth with this means follows 3-4 times a day. To enhance the effect, you can apply compresses in the area where you feel discomfort.

Salt-soda solution - folk remedy Treatment of Salolithiaza

Popular Practice shows that "wash" small stones are possible with herbal decoctions (For example, harvesting from sage, linden, oak, chamomile, mint or eucalyptus).

Some patients discovered the healing effect of aromatherapy during the treatment of Sihalithiasis. It is believed that inhalation of steams of oils of some plants (mint, eucalyptus, needles, aloe, etc.) will help to clean the salivary glands.

Even if you have seen the dependence of the improvement of the condition using folk recipes, Confirm the recovery at the doctor's reception. Sometimes regular rinsing and truth help remove microscopic stones.

However, if the process started, and the lifestyle did not change, then larger formations may soon emerge, which will require immediate surgical treatment.

To prevent the development of complications or the transition of the disease in a chronic form, do not postpone the campaign to the therapist or dentist.