Oropharyngeal candidiasis. Symptoms and treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is treated (depending on the location of the focus of infection) by an otolaryngologist or dentist.

The tactics of treatment depends on many factors: the age of the patient, concomitant diseases, the method of infection, the state of immunity. Therapy can be local and general.

General therapy methods

General treatment is carried out with drugs that have a systemic effect on the body. Antifungal drugs are divided into 2 groups: polyene antibiotics (Levorin, Nystatin, Amphotericin) and imidazoles (Clotrimazole, Econazole).

Polyene antibiotics are taken 2 to 6 times a day for about 2 weeks, imidazoles - up to 100 mg per day for 1-3 weeks.

Local impact

Local treatment for oropharyngeal candidiasis is performed with drugs that are not absorbed into the bloodstream. Medicines are effective in the form of sprays, solutions, tablets (Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Natamycin).

When lips are rubbed with aniline dyes. Nystatin, decamin ointments, iodine preparations are also used ().

Bactericidal effect is exerted by Lysozyme, Lizak. A good result is observed from frequent (up to 6 times a day) rinses of the oral cavity with solutions of boron, boric acid, sodium bicarbonate. When the tonsils or sinuses are infected, physiotherapy (inhalation, quartzization) can be prescribed.

The course of treatment lasts 1-2 weeks. After completion of therapy for another 6-7 days, it is necessary to take the preparations recommended by the specialist for prevention.

In order to strengthen the immune system, vitamin-mineral complexes are prescribed. Calcium gluconate may be recommended. You need to take it for about a month. To eliminate the signs of an allergy caused by Candida fungi, Fenkarol, Suprastin, Pipolfen are prescribed.

Easily digestible carbohydrates are limited in the diet.

Possible complications and prevention

If oropharyngeal candidiasis is not treated, then the disease becomes chronic and manifests itself in an acute form with a decrease in immunity.

It is possible to attach a secondary infection with the formation of abscesses. In this case, you will need combination therapy (antimycotic with antibiotic), as well as the appointment of immunostimulants.

The sad result of thrush of the oropharyngeal region can be meningitis, nephritis, endocarditis, rheumatic changes in the joints. Sometimes there is dysphagia and cachexia. However, in patients with a good immune status (subject to timely treatment), the risk of complications is minimal.

To prevent the infectious process, it is necessary to abandon bad habits, observe, visit the dentist annually, balance the diet, reduce the consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates (buns and sweets), and treat chronic diseases.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis, due to the specifics of localization, can cause significant discomfort and worsen the quality of life. The running process is dangerous with serious complications. However, treatment started in a timely manner relieves the disease, and lifestyle correction minimizes relapses.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a thrush of the oral cavity, which manifests itself in the form of a white curdled plaque on the tongue, gums, tonsils and lips. In complicated cases, yeast-like microflora also affects the pharynx. The inflammatory process can affect the entire oral mucosa at the same time, which in medicine is called the diffuse form of the disease. What to do with oropharyngeal candidiasis? How to recognize this disease and take timely measures to eliminate it.

Smoking can provoke oropharyngeal candidiasis

Oropharyngeal candidiasis develops mainly in children. The protective functions of the body of an adult are able to cope with the causative agent of the disease, suppressing its activity. Please note that on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, the fungus of the genus Candida is found in every person, without exception. That is why children can become infected with thrush from their parents, if elementary preventive measures are not followed.

The oropharyngeal form of thrush in children can develop under the influence of a number of predisposing factors:

• Taking antibacterial drugs.
• Hormonal imbalance.
• Failure to comply with hygiene rules.
• The presence of chronic diseases.
• Mucosal injury.
• Intestinal infections.

In an adult, such a disease develops extremely rarely. Most often this occurs with immunodeficiency states and taking hormonal drugs. Smoking can provoke the growth of yeast-like microflora in the oral cavity.

Symptoms

Manifestations of a fungal disease are related to the form in which it occurs. Each of them is characterized by a certain symptomatology.

acute form

Dryness of the oral mucosa and cracks in oropharyngeal candidiasis

It is characterized by the appearance of redness of the mucosa in the region of the tonsils and throat. Over time, small white spots appear that look like grains of semolina. This is accompanied by discomfort. Further, the white spots are combined until the mucous membrane of the mouth is covered with a dense curdled coating, which acquires a grayish-yellow hue.

General symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis:

1. Pain while eating.
2. Burning and itching, compelling to put hands in mouth.
3. White plaque, which is difficult to remove and leaves on the mucous membrane of the ulcer.
4. Eruptions and redness on the mucosa, resembling fluid-filled papules.
5. Dryness of the mucosa and the appearance of deep cracks and wounds.
6. Swelling and swelling of the areas affected by the fungus.
7. Swelling of the tongue and cracked lips.

In the absence of timely treatment, intoxication of the body occurs. This condition is characterized by an increase in body temperature, a decrease in appetite and the appearance of nausea. If therapeutic measures are not taken, then the symptoms of the disease subside, because thrush becomes chronic, requiring long-term treatment using systemic drugs.

Chronic form

In this case, thrush is combined with stomatitis, glossitis, pharyngitis and cheilitis. Chronic oropharyngeal candidiasis develops as follows:

In the chronic form, candidiasis passes to the mucous membrane of the throat

• There is a progression of hyperplastic candidiasis, which is characterized by the appearance of white plaques and swelling of the mucous membrane of the mouth and pharynx. The long course of the disease is fraught with the development of an adhesive process: the appearance of a dense yellow film.
• Accompanied by the development of atrophic thrush, which is manifested by pain, dryness and burning in the area affected by the fungus. Most often, this form of candidiasis develops in older people who use dentures.

Only a doctor can determine the degree of development and form of the disease. Self-diagnosis, as a rule, does not make it possible to draw a correct conclusion and choose an effective treatment.

Establishing diagnosis

When the primary symptoms of a disease such as oropharyngeal candidiasis appear, it is recommended to immediately go to an appointment with a general practitioner, dentist or otolaryngologist. Diagnosis is carried out taking into account the history of the disease and the results of laboratory and specific studies.

To detect the type of fungus and determine the amount of pathogenic microflora in the body, the following diagnostic manipulations are carried out:

1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
2. A smear from the oral cavity on the flora.
3. Blood sugar test.

It is mandatory to carry out differential diagnostics from leukoplakia, lichen, seizures, glossitis, herpes and eczema.

Medical measures

Oropharyngeal candidiasis requires timely diagnosis and treatment. The sooner measures are taken, the greater the chances for a quick recovery and the elimination of the likelihood of complications. To eliminate the cause of the development of the disease, additional consultations with such specialists as a mycologist, infectious disease specialist or periodontist are often required.

General drug therapy

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is treated with drugs that have a systemic effect. Such funds suppress the activity of yeast-like microorganisms throughout the body at the same time, which eliminates the likelihood of complications and relapses of the disease.

Antifungal systemic drugs are divided into two main groups:

• Polyene antibacterial (levorin and nystatin). 3-5 pieces per day are prescribed for 1-2 weeks. Tablets are intended for resorption and ingestion, which allows you to influence the causative agent of the disease locally and systemically. The symptomatology of thrush is suppressed as early as 5-7 days from the start of treatment, despite this, drug therapy should be completed. In the absence of efficacy from ongoing therapy, it becomes necessary to administer amphotericin B or use amphoglucamine in tablet form.
• Imidazoles (econazole, clotrimazole, miconazole and diflucan). The drugs have a wide spectrum of action and can cause adverse reactions. It is recommended to take strictly according to the prescription of a specialist.

For the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis, in addition to antifungal drugs, drugs are widely used, the effectiveness of which is aimed at increasing the protective functions of the body. Without fail, the patient is prescribed vitamins of the PP, B and C groups. In some cases, it becomes necessary to use calcium preparations and antiallergic drugs.

Local impact

Local antifungal therapy is based on the use of drugs that are not absorbed into the bloodstream, but act purely locally. They must be applied to the areas of the mucous membrane affected by the fungus in the dosage recommended by the specialist.

For local exposure to thrush, the following drugs are widely used:

1. Iodine preparations (Lugol).
2. aniline dyes.
3. Bactericidal lozenges.
4. Levorin or nystatin ointment.
5. Solutions for rinsing the mouth (Iodinol, boric acid or sodium hydrogen carbonate).

folk therapy

To improve overall well-being and stop the progression of thrush, you can use the means that alternative medicine offers us. Among the most effective aids are the following:

In order to exclude the possibility of progression of thrush in the mouth, it is recommended to limit the intake of sweet and spicy foods. This allows you to increase the effectiveness of the treatment.

To strengthen the protective functions of the body, onions, garlic, fruits and vegetables, nuts and dairy products should be included in the daily menu. Kombucha, kvass, curdled milk have medicinal properties against candidiasis. The composition of these products includes substances that contribute to the restoration of the natural microflora of the oral cavity.

Violations in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis leads to the fact that the disease begins to progress. To achieve a positive result from the ongoing treatment, it is not recommended to deviate from the recommendations given by the specialist. Do not use folk remedies without medicines. Such measures may not be effective enough, which is fraught with serious consequences.

The oropharyngeal form of candidiasis affects the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and pharynx. Candida yeast fungi cause the disease, their increased growth is observed in immunodeficiency states, after antibiotic treatment.

The protozoa of the genus Candida are part of the oral microflora. In a healthy person, these microorganisms do not cause symptoms of infection, but with a strong weakening of the body's immune defenses, a colony of fungi begins to actively grow. The mucous membrane is damaged, erosions and sores are formed on the surface of the soft tissues, covered with a whitish coating.

Provoke oropharyngeal candidiasis can:

• antibiotic treatment;
• recent colds, viral, infectious diseases;
• allergy to toothpaste, rinses, dentures;
• xerostomia - insufficient production of saliva;

• chronic diseases of internal organs;
• taking hormonal drugs, oral contraceptives;
• hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus;
• consequences of chemotherapy in cancer patients;
• HIV infection;
• tuberculosis.

At risk are small children, pregnant women and the elderly. Babies have not yet developed immunity, and a sweet environment is constantly maintained in the mouth, which contributes to the growth of fungi.

How candidiasis manifests itself

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is characterized by the appearance of spots covered with a curdled coating on the inside of the lips, cheeks, and surface of the tongue. Deposits are easily removed, bleeding erosions remain in their place. The patient has an unpleasant smell from the mouth, there are uncomfortable sensations during meals.

As the disease progresses, the spots may merge, forming extensive foci and forming continuous films. The soft palate, tonsils and mucous membranes of the larynx begin to be affected, seizures form in the corners of the mouth, the red border of the lips becomes inflamed. There is constant perspiration, dry cough, sensation of a foreign object in the throat.

In oropharyngeal candidiasis in young children, fungi can spread further into the esophagus and gastrointestinal tract. As a result, intestinal dysbacteriosis, genital thrush are diagnosed. In some cases, pathogenic microorganisms affect the nasopharynx, causing nasopharyngitis, the pathology is accompanied by rhinitis, nasal congestion.

Without timely treatment of candidiasis, fungi deeply affect the mucous membranes, and a secondary infection may join. This provokes the development of an acute inflammatory process, the tissues ulcerate, become covered with crusts. In patients, body temperature rises, general malaise worries, eating is difficult, it is difficult to open your mouth and talk, your voice sits down.

With inflammation of the peripharyngeal ring, tonsils, tonsillitis develops. If the foci occur in the pharynx, this is pharyngitis, and a localized lesion of the oral cavity is called stomatitis. The plaque covering the ulcers acquires a yellow-gray hue, purulent masses are formed.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis can occur in acute or chronic form. In acute pathology, the symptoms are pronounced, and in the chronic stage, the clinical manifestations are poor, sore throat, bad breath, furred tongue, and discomfort while eating are worried. When immunity is weakened, relapses of the disease occur.

Candidiasis of the pharynx can be complicated by the development of a pharyngeal abscess, fungal sepsis, or damage to internal organs.

Classification of oropharyngeal candidiasis

Depending on the clinical manifestations, such a disease is classified into 4 groups:

• Pseudomembranous candidiasis is characterized by the formation of a white or yellowish coating on the pharyngeal mucosa.
• The erythematous or catarrhal type has the appearance of a varnished surface of soft tissues, while the mucosa is edematous, acquires a bright red color.
• Erosive and ulcerative candidiasis is characterized by an erosive lesion of soft tissues.
• The hyperplastic form is accompanied by the formation of individual plaques covered with a white coating that is difficult to remove. After removing the deposits, a deep ulcer remains.

Symptoms of the disease may differ in different forms of candidiasis. The formation of ulcers causes severe pain, irritation of the pharynx. In the catarrhal and pseudomembranous type, perspiration, dry cough, sensation of a foreign object in the throat and a constant desire to cough are disturbing. Ulcerative tissue damage is accompanied by the release of mucus and pus during coughing.

Diagnosis of fungal pathology

Treatment of candidiasis is carried out by an otolaryngologist or dentist, depending on the localization of the process. The doctor performs an examination of the oral cavity and pharyngoscopy of the throat, takes a smear, scraping from the surface of the mucous membranes for bakposev. The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of pseudomycelium threads in the composition of the material under study. Cultural examination of the smear allows you to determine the type of fungus and select antimycotics, to which pathogens are sensitive.

Additionally, patients suffering from chronic candidiasis are advised to consult an endocrinologist and an immunologist to assess the general condition of the body and identify malfunctions in the endocrine system. Blood tests for biochemistry, RV, AIDS, pancreatic and thyroid hormone levels may be needed.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is differentiated from:

• diphtheria;
• bacterial tonsillitis and pharyngitis;
• throat cancer;
• scarlet fever;
• syphilis;
• mononucleosis.

Treatment methods for a fungal disease

Therapy is carried out with antimycotic drugs. In the initial stages, only local treatment of the mucous membranes is required. Rinsing with antiseptics is prescribed:

Procedures are carried out 5-6 times a day, after each meal. Ulcers and erosions in the oral cavity are lubricated with Selkoseril, Metragil Denta, Clotrimazole ointments. At home, you can rinse with decoctions of chamomile, calendula.

With purulent lesions of the tonsils, necrotic foci are washed with antiseptics and antifungal agents. If an inflammatory process has joined, antibiotics are required, the drugs are selected by the attending physician. In chronic candidiasis and a complicated form, it is necessary to drink antimycotics systemically, patients are prescribed:

• Fluconazole;

On average, the course of treatment takes from 7 to 14 days.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis, in addition to antifungal drugs, is treated with immunomodulators:

It also shows the intake of vitamin-mineral complexes. During therapy, it is necessary to exclude sweets, rich pastries, carbonated drinks, alcohol from the diet. A sweet environment promotes the growth of fungi.

To restore normal microflora, it is necessary to take Linex, Bifidumbacterin, use kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese. Such measures help to populate the mucous membranes with beneficial bifidus and lactobacilli, increase local immunity and prevent the development of relapses of oropharyngeal candidiasis.

15.01.2017

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a disease that manifests itself due to an abnormal increase in the growth of the Candida fungus present in our body. If it is in its normal state, then there is no disease, but under the action of certain factors, abnormal reproduction begins.

The first sign indicating an ailment will be a white coating of a curdled consistency on the mucous tissues of the oral cavity.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis can be called thrush, it can affect the pharynx, lips, tongue, gums, tonsils. This fungal infection can cover the entire mouth, this form is called diffuse. In the case when the infection manifests itself in separate areas, the form of the disease is chronic.

There are several types of this disease, and each of them manifests itself in different ways. Medicine distinguishes the following types:

• Cheilite. Occurs on the lips. Appears as cracks or seals.
• Angular cheilitis. The appearance of wounds in the corners of the mouth, begins with redness and a white film.
• Gingivitis. Appears on the gums. A sign of this type is a film on the gums, which has a gray-yellow color. If you do not start treatment, inflammation will begin, in some cases bleeding may begin.
• Glossitis. The disease covers the throat.
• Stomatitis. With this form, candidiasis occurs on the cheeks, palate and tongue, manifesting itself as a not too noticeable plaque and ulcers throughout the mouth.
• Tonsillitis. This form is characterized by damage to the tonsils. The main symptom, curdled plaque. Often this type occurs with glossitis or stomatitis.
• Pharyngitis. There is damage to the pharynx.

Signs of the disease

The first thing that appears in a person is a deterioration in the general condition and a slight increase in temperature. Later, weakness in the body appears, so some people think that they have a common cold.

At the second stage of development, there is an inflammation of a white coating, the consistency of which is similar to cottage cheese.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis may appear in cancer patients after chemotherapy has ended, and it also occurs in almost all people with AIDS. It has been proven that such a fungal infection occurs due to weak immunity.

The main signs of oropharyngeal candidiasis will be: White plaque, which appears throughout the mouth and corners. In addition, white spots form in the mouth, they can merge together, thus, one large focus of a fungal infection appears. In the early stages, you can remove white plaque with gauze or a spoon. If you do not start timely treatment, then soon the plaque will become dense, the mucous membrane will begin to reject it, and later ulcers will appear.

When the disease becomes chronic, keratinization, gray-white in color, will appear on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. In the throat, with this form, a burning sensation appears, and an inflammatory process begins in the corners of the mouth.

Almost all patients cannot eat normally, because during the process they experience pain and discomfort.

Causes of the disease

Oropharyngeal candidiasis occurs due to some external irritation or abnormal reproduction of Candida fungi living in our body.

Only infants can become infected with this disease from the outside, because there are no such fungi in their bodies yet, they are only in the adult population. Infection of children occurs from the mother, relatives surrounding him or from doctors in the maternity hospital.

Reproduction of a fungal infection inside the body occurs only in adults with a weak immune system.

This type of candidiasis is typical for people with immunodeficiency. If the disease occurs in the elderly, this means that they have had some kind of chronic illness for a long time, due to which their immunity has become weak. In medicine, it is believed that oropharyngeal candidiasis is a complication of intestinal disease.

In addition, the factors influencing the appearance of the disease are the use of drugs that affect the decrease in immunity.

The disease has an acute and chronic form.

1. The acute form is typical for infants. The disease develops on the tongue and lips inside the mouth. They turn red and covered with a white coating. In rare cases, it can cover the pharynx or tonsils.

It is best to start treatment as early as possible. If this is not done, the baby's immunity will decrease and the fungal infection can cover all internal organs.

1. Chronic form - a combination of glossitis, stomatitis, pharyngitis. It is divided into two sub-forms:

• The atrophic form causes dry mouth, burning and pain. It is typical for people wearing dentures.
• Hypertrophic. White plaques appear all over the mouth. Without treatment, plaque becomes yellow and dense. If you try to remove it, then wounds form.

Treatment of candidiasis

Therapy of the disease depends on the immunity of the person, the signs of the disease and other diseases.

Therefore, the doctor will prescribe treatment on an individual basis, even if the symptoms appear in different patients in the same way.

• At the beginning of the disease, the doctor prescribes medications for local treatment. The course of treatment with such drugs lasts about twenty-one days, after which all symptoms should disappear. After that, the medicine should be applied for another seven days. Thus, all treatment will be fixed.
• Antifungal agents that have a local effect are prescribed - tablets, sprays and solutions.
• If a diagnosis of cheilitis is made, the doctor prescribes smearing the lips with aniline dyes, for example, methylene blue, or all kinds of ointments against the fungus.
• If the disease is advanced, then strong agents against a fungal infection of systemic action are used. Such treatment should be carried out only under the supervision of the attending physician. He will, if necessary, adjust the dose of medications based on the results of treatment and the course of the disease.
• In the treatment of candidiasis, you need to take drugs to strengthen the immune system, and means for the prevention or treatment of the intestines. Since many experts are sure that it is he who gives such a complication.
• Also, physiotherapy procedures are good for treatment. For example, quartz treatment, inhalation, ultrasound. The latter is prescribed if treatment of the sinuses, palate or mucous tissue of the tonsils is necessary.

To treat candidiasis in babies, you must first believe the mother for the presence of this disease. For this, analyzes of samples taken from the oral cavity, vagina and hands of a woman are carried out. This is carried out to determine the cause of the onset of the disease, possible complications, or to identify the chronic form of the disease.

When it is determined that the baby can become infected with candidiasis, it is included in the group for which the use of antibiotics (tetracycline or penicillin) is not recommended, because they can reduce immunity. If necessary, drugs that kill the fungus will be prescribed.

Disease prevention

To prevent the occurrence of such a disease, visit the dentist regularly. In addition, it is necessary to carry out frequent cleaning of the oral cavity, regular hygiene procedures and careful care for dentures that are removed.

And do not forget that a clean mouth and strong immunity are the most effective measures to prevent candidiasis. Only in this way, the risk of illness will be greatly reduced.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis- a disease that occurs as a result of the active development in the body of a fungus of the Candida family. The main symptom is a white cheesy coating on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity.

Oropharyngeal (mucous membranes of the oral cavity) candidiasis: lips, tonsils, gums, tongue and pharynx. Inflammation of all of the above organs can take place simultaneously (in this case we are talking about diffuse candidiasis) or separately (chronic local inflammatory processes).

On the Internet, you can find a lot of photos of oropharyngeal candidiasis, and they are all different from each other.

The fact is that there are several varieties of the disease:

• cheilite- affects the lips. The main symptom is the appearance of seals on the lips in the form of scales and deep cracks.
• Angular cheilitis- Erosion affecting the corners of the mouth. The main symptom is redness and white patches.
• Gingivitis- affects the gums. The main symptom is the formation of a gray-yellow film on the gums, which, without proper treatment, leads to inflammation, and sometimes to bleeding.
• Glossitis- affects the oropharynx.
• Stomatitis- affects the palate, tongue, cheeks. The main symptom is the appearance of a slight plaque and the formation of erosions or ulcers throughout the oral mucosa.
• Tonsillitis- affects the tonsils. The main symptom is the formation of a white cheesy plaque. Most often manifested together with stomatitis and glossitis.
• Pharyngitis- strikes the throat.

Causes

The main reasons for its development are external infection or activation of the processes of reproduction in the human body of its own fungi from the genus Candida.

• External infection more common in children whose bodies have not yet acquired their own Candida fungi. Infection passes through the mother, relatives or medical staff of the maternity hospital.
• Internal infection common among immunocompromised adults. That is why candidiasis often accompanies people suffering from immunodeficiency. The appearance of this disease in older people is due to the presence of chronic diseases that have weakened the immune system.

It is known that a healthy immune system inhibits the reproduction of pathogenic fungi in the human body, including the fungus of the genus Candida. Therefore, the appearance of the first signs of candidiasis is a kind of signal that the immune system is weakened or works intermittently.

There is an opinion that oropharyngeal candidiasis is one of the complications of intestinal candidiasis, which develops under the influence of taking hormonal and narcotic drugs, antibiotics, and alcohol. All of the above funds actively suppress general and local immunity.

Symptoms

1. The first manifestation of the disease occurs suddenly. First, the general physical condition worsens and the temperature rises slightly. Then weakness and malaise increase, which is why oropharyngeal candidiasis is often confused with the common cold.
2. The next stage is the appearance of a characteristic white plaque on the inflamed areas of the oral mucosa, which has a curdled structure. First, it is easily removed from the tongue, gums, tonsils and pharynx with a spatula, but in the absence of proper treatment, it merges into one single film, which is quite difficult to remove.
3. Symptoms will also be patches of plaque on the inside of the lips and cheeks, the development of which can lead to a more serious disease. candidal cheilitis. If the plaque moves to the corners of the lips, there are zaedy or angular cheilitis.

acute form

The manifestation of an acute form of oropharyngeal candidiasis is typical for children under the age of one year. It develops on the inside of the lips and tongue, rarely moving to the tonsils and pharynx.

One way or another, it is better to identify the disease in a timely manner and begin a course of treatment. Otherwise, the child's immunity will be weakened, which will allow the fungi of the Candida group to move freely throughout the body.

Acute atrophic candidiasis occurs, the main symptom of which is severe soreness, dryness and burning in the oral cavity and pharynx. The mucous membrane of the oral cavity becomes bright red, and the tongue becomes crimson. There is also a characteristic white cheesy coating.

Chronic form

The chronic form is a combination of pharyngitis, glossitis, cheilitis and candidal stomatitis.

There are two types of this form of the disease:

• atrophic- characterized by dryness, soreness and burning sensation in the mouth. The atrophic form often develops in people who wear dentures.
• hypertrophic- manifests itself in the form of white plaque and plaques on the swollen and reddened mucous membrane of the pharynx, mouth. With prolonged absence of treatment, plaque acquires a yellowish tint and turns into a film that adheres tightly to the mucosa. When you try to separate them, small sores form.

Prevention

To avoid the development of candidiasis, you should regularly undergo examination by a dentist. Also, regular sanitation of the oral cavity, compliance with the rules of hygiene and care for removable dentures are shown as preventive measures.

Cleanliness of the oral cavity and strengthening of the immune system is the best set of preventive measures. This is the only way to prevent the activation of the development of the fungus of the genus Candida, which is the main causative agent of candidiasis.

Treatment

Of great importance in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis are the state of the patient's immunity, external manifestations, as well as concomitant diseases.

That is why the doctor may prescribe a different course of treatment for different patients.

• At the initial stage, local drugs are used. The course of admission continues until the symptoms disappear completely - up to 3 weeks. At the end of the course, it is recommended to take the prescribed medication for another week to consolidate the achieved result.
• For treatment, topical antifungal drugs are prescribed: sprays, rinses or lozenges.
• With the development of fungal cheilitis, it is also recommended to lubricate the affected areas of the lips with aniline dyes, for example, methylene blue or antifungal ointments.
• The advanced form of the disease is treated with powerful systemic antifungal drugs. This format of treatment without fail takes place under the full control of the doctor, who corrects the intake of medications in accordance with the results obtained and the characteristics of the course of the disease.
• This type of topical treatment can be enhanced by immune system strengthening and bowel prophylaxis or treatment if necessary. It is the latter, according to many doctors, that is the focus of development of the fungus of the Candida family.
• Another way to treat priororopharyngeal candidiasis is physiotherapy. Quartz, inhalation and ultrasonic exposure are prescribed in case of damage to the sinuses, as well as the mucous membranes of the tonsils and palate.

For treatment in children, first of all, the mother's history is taken for the presence of candidiasis of the hands, oral cavity and vagina. This is necessary to determine the risk group for developing complications or a chronic form of the disease.

When a child is included in the risk group for developing this type of candidiasis, a restriction is introduced for him on the use of tetracycline and penicillin antibiotics, since they worsen the state of the immune system. Subsequently, treatment with antifungal drugs is prescribed in accordance with the recommendations of doctors.