Pitted rash in a newborn. What are the types of rash in a child? Description and photo

The appearance of red, pink or white rashes on the face (cheeks, chin), head, ears, abdomen, limbs of the baby makes young parents very nervous. Sometimes this phenomenon is quite harmless, but in some cases it indicates the development of a serious illness. Why do babies get rashes? What symptoms may accompany it? What to do if rashes are found? Let's figure it out together.

Varieties of rashes in infants

Dermatologists classify all types of rashes in infants into 3 large groups. The classification is based on the reasons that caused the appearance of an unpleasant symptom on the baby's skin. It is possible to determine which class a rash in a particular child belongs to only on the basis of the results. comprehensive examination. Varieties:

1. infectious - have an infectious nature or are provoked by pathogens of diseases of infectious etiology;
2. immunological - this group includes pimples resulting from contact with external stimuli (temperature, friction, allergens);
3. physiological (neonatal) arising from hormonal changes in the child's body.

Possible causes and accompanying symptoms

Rash in infants appears on various reasons, may be a symptom of a serious infectious disease, an allergy, or a sign of hormonal adjustment organism. Only a highly qualified pediatric dermatologist can accurately determine the nature of the rash, so it is better not to postpone a visit to the doctor. You can clearly see the types of rashes and explanations in the photo to the article.

Adaptation of newborns

In the first 2-3 weeks (up to a month) after birth, the baby's body adapts to unusual conditions. environment. During this period, a white hormonal rash often appears. It is also called neonatal or three-week. Dense pimples appear on the back, face, neck and head of the baby, similar to acne with heads white color. Compliance with the rules of hygiene will help the child quickly get rid of an unpleasant symptom.

Improper care and poor hygiene

If parents neglect the rules for caring for the delicate skin of a newborn, the risk of a rash is also very high. Most often, babies develop sweating. The rash is localized in the folds of the baby's skin - on the neck, in the groin, armpits, on the back. To eliminate such a rash in infants and newborns, you can use topical creams and gels and restore heat transfer.

Poor hygiene can also lead to diaper dermatitis. Urine and liquid feces are caustic and aggressive substances, if the baby's skin has been in contact with them for a long time, parents note that irritations, diaper rash and sores have appeared. It occurs in children who are in wet, dirty diapers for a long time, or with insufficiently frequent diaper changes.

Baby powder and frequent diaper changes the best prevention diaper rash and rashes

Allergy

Babies often develop allergic reactions of varying degrees of intensity. The reasons can be different - from the wrong diet of a nursing mother to intolerance prescribed by a doctor. medicines.

Itching, burning, other discomfort and rash in a newborn, having allergic origin, require differential diagnosis, since such reactions are divided into several types:

• Atopic dermatitis. Rashes in the form of small bubbles appear on the legs, arms, chin, cheeks and buttocks of the child. The rash is very itchy, so the baby becomes nervous and whiny.

• Urticaria (we recommend reading:). A dangerous type of allergic reaction that can lead to anaphylaxis and Quincke's edema. It looks like an abundant and small red rash, similar in appearance to a trace of a nettle burn (we recommend reading:). Sometimes there are blisters.
• Allergy to drugs. With a long conservative treatment often there is a reaction to medications. It should be borne in mind that the fragile body of the newborn, weakened by the disease, may respond to drugs, even if the therapy is not too long.
• Household/contact allergy. The delicate skin of a newborn or baby is constantly in contact with external stimuli. Common everyday items such as pet hair, strong perfumes or paints that are aggressive hygiene products can provoke allergies, and hence rashes.
• Food allergies (we recommend reading:). A red rash is more often observed on the face (especially the cheeks) of the baby, but can also appear throughout the body. The reasons are incorrectly selected adapted milk formula or errors in the diet of a nursing mother.

Infectious diseases

If the newborn is covered with red pimples, while his body temperature rises, there is a fever, we can talk about an infectious disease.

Before running to the pharmacy for a remedy for a rash, it is important to show the child to a neonatologist or pediatrician - improperly selected medicines do no less harm to the health of the crumbs than the infection itself. The rash can cause:

• Thrush. This disease is caused by a special type of fungus. It suits well drug treatment, but you will need a whole range of drugs. The rash mainly spreads to the mucous membranes. Some experts recommend treating such a rash with a strong soda solution.
• Roseola (we recommend reading:). The symptoms are similar to those of rubella. The disease is caused by the herpes virus. Pimples tend to combine into large foci, and skin babies become very dry and begin to peel off.

• Measles, rubella. They are considered typical "childhood" diseases. Experts say that these diseases are most easily tolerated by patients aged 1-3 years, they have a much lower risk of complications. Abundant spots of rash are accompanied by a significant increase in body temperature, loose stools, an increase in the occipital lymph nodes, redness of the mucous membranes of the pharynx, nausea, vomiting and feverish conditions.
• Scarlet fever. A highly contagious childhood disease. The rash rapidly spreads over the entire surface of the child's body, the tonsils become inflamed. After acne is eliminated, flaky spots remain in their place. The disease requires urgent medical care, a sick child should be isolated from others for 10 days.
• Chickenpox. Abundant rashes spread throughout the body - arms, legs, back, stomach, head of the baby. The rash is a small pimple filled with a colorless liquid that looks like blisters. Over time, the bubbles open, the crusts fall off, and spots remain in their place.

Other reasons

The causes listed above most often provoke the appearance of blisters, pimples and specks on the baby's skin. However, in some cases, the symptom is provoked by diseases such as pemphigus (vulgar, hereditary, exfoliative). It is accompanied by the appearance of large elastic or soft blisters. This is a serious disease that requires long-term treatment.

When infected with a bacterial or streptococcal microflora, the baby may develop erysipelas- most often it is localized in the umbilical zone. Sometimes babies develop pseudofurunculosis. it inflammatory process, which affects not only the skin, but also the hair follicles. Initially, the patient develops local redness, later - blisters filled with purulent contents.

It is necessary to follow all the recommendations of the doctor, in no case do not treat yourself and do not replace the prescribed medical preparations means of traditional medicine. If the rash is physiological, then special therapy is not required.

Principles of therapy depending on the location of the rashes:

• Around eyes. Refuse to use wet wipes with alcohol and fragrances, choose other caring cosmetics. Treat the affected areas and make lotions from loose tea leaves, give the baby a decoction of chamomile as a drink.
• On hands. Get tested for exclusion/confirmation infectious disease. For allergies, identify and eliminate the allergen. If you have an infection, get treated (antibiotics may be needed).
• In the crotch. Regularly process all the folds of the baby's skin, bathe in warm boiled water - you can add a decoction of string or chamomile. Use hypoallergenic diapers and special creams for external use (for example, Bepanten).
• On the stomach. Controlling the diet of a nursing mother. Daily bathing in a bath with the addition of decoctions of string or chamomile. Taking probiotics and antihistamines.
• On the forehead. Refrain from wearing hats. Wipe pimples with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Babies from 1 year old can be orally given drops of Fenistil.
• On the neck. Avoid contact with allergens. To treat acne, you can use anti-inflammatory ointments (for example, Sudocrem).
• On cheeks. Avoid food allergens. Give drinking chamomile decoction and / or mild antihistamines.

In many young children, the body may develop a rash. It can arise for various reasons. In some cases, this is not dangerous, but sometimes such rashes indicate serious illnesses. When a suspicious rash appears, parents should show the child to a doctor who will determine the cause of the disease and recommend what to do next.

Causes of rashes

A rash on the body of a child can occur for the following reasons:

• postpartum rash;
• manifestation infectious diseases- scarlet fever, mononucleosis, chicken pox, rubella, measles;
• atopic dermatitis;
• allergic reaction, developed as a result of the use of hygiene products, eating food;
• mechanical damage skin and reaction to insect bites;
• blood clotting problems.

Let's look at these reasons in more detail.

Rashes in newborns

Toxic erythema. Such rashes can affect half of all full-term babies. They are pustules or white-yellow papules with a diameter of 1 - 2 mm with a red rim. Sometimes only red spots appear, which can be both single and covering the entire body (except for the feet and palms). The largest number rashes appear on the second day of life, after which they disappear. Why toxic erythema appears is unknown, but it goes away on its own.

acne in newborns. About 20% of all babies over the age of three weeks go through this condition. A rash in the form of pustules or inflamed papules appears on the face. Much less often it can be found on the neck and scalp. The cause of this disease is the activation sebaceous glands mother's hormones. Usually, such acne does not require treatment, it is only necessary to observe careful hygiene. Newborn acne, unlike juvenile acne, does not leave scars and spots after itself, and disappears before 6 months of age.

Prickly heat. Very often in newborns, prickly heat is observed, especially in hot weather. It develops due to the fact that the baby is wrapped up too much, and the contents sweat glands comes out with great difficulty. A fine red rash often affects the head, face, and diaper rash. Spots, vesicles and pustules almost never become inflamed and disappear with good care. A decoction of calendula, chamomile or string, added to a baby bath while bathing, helps fight prickly heat.

Atopic dermatitis

Red spots on the body of a child occur with atopic dermatitis. Such an ailment occurs in every 10 babies, but not everyone has a typical triad of symptoms. The triad includes:

• bronchial asthma;
• allergic rhinitis;
• eczema.

The first signs of pathology appear in the child in the first year of life, and the rash is localized mainly on the cheeks, face, extensor surfaces of the legs and arms. The baby has severe itching, which can intensify at night, as well as with chemical, temperature effects on the skin. At acute form the rash is presented as red papules with a liquid discharge. The subacute period is characterized by peeling of the skin, sometimes it can thicken. This is due to the fact that the child constantly combs the affected areas.

Almost all children overcome this disease without consequences. Only with a hereditary predisposition, the disease can go into chronic form with the addition of allergic rhinitis or asthma.

To reduce itching and rashes need to shorten the time water procedures and stop contact with hard tissues, and treat the skin more often with moisturizers. If the skin itches very much, use hormonal ointments.

If the child has an individual intolerance to drugs and food products, then there may be allergic rashes. They can cover the entire body different shapes and sizes. feature allergic rash is its strengthening under the influence of the allergen and disappearance after the elimination of the latter. The only one unpleasant symptom such a pathology - severe itching.

Quite rarely, Quincke's edema can develop., which is a severe reaction of the body to an allergen. It usually occurs on foods or medications. In this case, a red rash on the child’s body lasts for a long time, and swelling forms in the throat area, blocking the larynx and not allowing breathing. It may also appear allergic manifestation like hives. It occurs on drugs, products, under the influence of temperature factors.

Insect bites

Bites from ants, midges or mosquitoes usually leave marks that become very itchy over several days. Much more trouble is brought by the bites of wasps, bees or hornets. Such insects pierce the skin with a sting and inject poison that causes swelling, swelling, severe pain. The danger of such bites lies in the fact that the child may develop an allergy, the rash begins to spread rapidly throughout the body, causing severe pain and itching. This can cause respiratory failure, fainting, and sometimes anaphylactic shock. In this case, it is necessary to give the child an antihistamine.

Children's infectious diseases

A small red rash in a child may be a symptom of the following infectious diseases.

Chickenpox

With such an ailment, an itchy, small red rash appears., which after a while is replaced by small blisters with an infectious liquid inside. When they break through mechanical (scratching) or naturally, red ulcerations remain on the skin. Most often discomfort arise from such eruptions if they occur in the mouth, in the genitals, on inside century. This condition is accompanied by headache and fever.

It is strictly forbidden to comb the rash, as this only delays the recovery. To cure a child, rashes are smeared with brilliant green or a solution of potassium permanganate. During illness, you should limit the communication of the baby with other people.

Measles

Such an ailment is now quite rare. Its first symptoms are easily confused with colds or digestive problems. Small red rash all over body appears only a week after infection. It is preceded by a fever and a very high temperature, reaching up to 40 degrees. First of all, rashes appear on the neck and face, then they begin to spread to the shoulders, abdomen, back, chest. Lastly, the rash covers the legs and arms. When it goes down, the skin on the affected areas becomes brown. The consequences of measles are very severe.

Rubella and roseola

A highly contagious disease. Incubation period proceeds without any symptoms. First of all, rash appears behind the ears and on the back of the head. After a short period of time, the entire body of the child is covered with red rashes. Rubella is accompanied by fever.

Roseola affects a child up to two years of age. First, the lymph nodes increase, the body temperature rises, and the throat becomes inflamed. Then a small red rash appears on the face, which begins to spread rapidly throughout the body. This is a highly contagious disease. It passes on its own.

Scarlet fever and meningitis

First, the body temperature rises. Then a characteristic rash in the form of pimples appears on the tongue. After a while, a small rash covers the entire body, arms and legs. After the disappearance of the rashes, the skin on the affected areas begins to peel off. This is a contagious disease, so any contact with other people should be avoided.

Meningitis is a very dangerous disease. It can even affect newborns. . Its symptoms include:

The rash resembles an injection mark or a mosquito bite. First they appear on the buttocks and abdomen, and then on lower limbs. If timely measures are not taken, the rash increases in size and resembles bruises. At the first symptoms of meningitis, you should immediately consult a doctor, as delay can be fatal.

What should I do if my child has a rash?

If the whole body of the baby is covered with a small rash, you need to pay attention to whether there are any signs of infection, for example, sore throat, diarrhea, vomiting, high temperature. Then it should be determined whether the rash covers the entire body of the child or is localized in certain areas. It should be assessed what kind of rash has: in the form of spots, purulent formations, liquid bubbles, etc.

Such an examination helps to understand whether it is urgent to show the child to the doctor. Having compared all the symptoms and signs, the doctor can prescribe necessary treatment. If an infection is suspected, it is best to call a doctor at home, and isolate the sick baby in a separate room. Before the arrival of the pediatrician, it is not recommended to treat the rash by any means, so as not to complicate the diagnosis.

Thus, there are quite a few reasons for the appearance of a small red rash in a child. In this case, you should not panic, it's better to see a doctor. Only a specialist can determine how serious the situation is and, if necessary, prescribe proper treatment. Self-medication is prohibited.

For parents, their baby is the best. They try to do everything possible to protect it from the negative effects of the environment. However, this does not always work out. Sometimes the baby has spots of unknown origin on the body. It could be a teething rash, an allergic reaction, or something else. In any case, parents need to know what types of rashes exist in order to be able, if necessary, to diagnose the condition of their child.

There are many types of rashes that occur on the abdomen, neck, chest, back, pope, in the groin, on the arms and legs, on the chin and around the mouth.

To determine for what reason these pimples appeared, you need to contact a pediatrician. Only he can clearly determine what the child has for the rash and how to deal with it.

The main types of rashes:

1. Infectious rash.
2. Allergic reaction.
3. Dermatitis (contact, atopic, diaper).
4. Rash resulting from the use of drugs.
5. Neonatal eruptions on legs.

Causes

All types of rashes can be divided into two main groups: hormonal and allergic. Consider the causes of the rash in each case.

The manifestation of allergies

Allergic rash is most common among infants. There can be many reasons for its appearance.

1. Mom wants to diversify her child's diet, trying to constantly add something new to it. Of course, this is worth doing, but gradually. If you introduce a new product, wait for the reaction of the baby's body, whether redness appears at the mouth or not. Only then can you try something else.
2. Often pimples on the back can appear after a massage using baby creams and oils. Carefully study their composition, there may be allergens. Only when you are sure that the baby is not allergic to the components, you can use the purchased massage products.
3. If the child is breastfeeding, and he developed a small red rash around his mouth and on his neck, a reaction to infant formula.
4. Too early introduction of complementary foods. Allergies near the mouth can be a signal for parents that they are not ready child's body to new products.

Hormonal rashes

Acne is very common in young children, especially in the first few weeks after birth. Most often, a hormonal rash can be seen on the baby's neck, on the cheeks and under the hair. It is important to know that these spots on the skin are not dangerous and do not put other people at risk of infection.

The simplest rules of hygiene will help get rid of the problem. If after a few weeks of their observance the spots do not disappear, it is recommended to consult a dermatologist, he will prescribe special ointments. After them, everything can pass the very next day.

Types of rash

Skin rashes in a child may be different types. After determining the desired, the causes of occurrence are also identified.

Spots of red

small rash

Almost always, babies develop a small rash against the background of an allergic reaction of any origin. In this situation, it is important for parents to eliminate the root cause.

Application various ointments remove only external signs, and identifying the allergen and isolating the child from it is already a solution to the problem.

Often spots on the body and chest appear after massage. Parents believe that it should be done with various purchased oils, but do not look at the composition of the product. Try using natural ingredients for massage - and the allergy will pass.

Locations of the rash

You can determine why the child has spots on the body by their location.

On the face

• a sharp change in temperature;
• genetic disorders;
• infectious diseases;
• allergy;
• disturbances in the work of the stomach and intestines.

Very often, a rash appears on the neck and around the mouth in infants due to diathesis. Moreover, children are susceptible to illness both on breastfeeding and on artificial feeding. Having received a share of the allergen, the body reacts with rashes around the mouth and on the neck - red. To get rid of them, the child must follow a diet for some time.

On the body

1. If the spots on the abdomen and back, on the chest are of a light shade and do not merge together, this means that contact allergies have become the cause of their occurrence. Maybe it's washing powder or something detergents. Try to eliminate the cause and see if the spots on the stomach and back disappear.
2. If the spots on the stomach and neck first had a white color, then they turned red and merged together - this is already a reason for panic. This sign is evidence of intoxication of the body. The baby needs to be urgently hospitalized to remove the allergen.

On the stomach

Minor rashes in the abdomen sometimes indicate serious diseases. Install true reason only a qualified doctor can cause them.

Possible ailments:

• prickly heat;
• staphylococcus;
• blood diseases;
• rubella;
• lichen;
• scarlet fever.

If symptoms are found in the form of a rash, you should consult a doctor to diagnose the disease of the baby.

On the pope

If small pimples began to appear in the baby on the priest and in the groin, this indicates a failure to comply with hygiene standards and rules. Intimate children's places require constant care, otherwise it is fraught with unpleasant consequences.

What can help with a rash in the groin and on the pope? It:

• drying ointments;
• constant change of diapers, panties and bed linen;
• air baths;
• bathing with herbs (if there is no allergy).

If you stick to these simple rules, the rash on the pope will pass very quickly. The most important thing is to never forget about them.

The best prevention for any rash is hygiene. If you don’t want to further treat your child for allergies after a massage, for spots on the pope, on the chin and at the mouth, on the chest, just bathe the baby more often and always follow the composition of the products and food used.

In the article we consider a rash in newborns - we talk about its varieties and causes. By following our recommendations, you can prevent and eliminate rashes without harming your baby.

What is a rash?

Exanthema or rash - this is a pathological formation on the skin and mucous membranes, which differs from healthy areas appearance. In most cases, rashes are a sign various diseases (contact dermatitis, measles, rubella). And manifestation defensive reaction skin for negative effects external factors(bacteria and viruses, allergens). Such changes may be accompanied by redness and itching.

Classification

Experts share the primary rash and secondary.

Primary rashes formed directly on normal skin. This group includes macula, papule, tubercle, node, vesicle, spot and abscess.

secondary elements are the result of a change in the primary rash. These include violation of trophism, erosion, ulcers, color violation.

The dimensions of the elements can be different:

• Up to 2 mm - small.
• From 2 mm to 5 mm - medium.
• More than 5 mm - large rashes.

From the number of formations are distinguished:

• Single exanthema.
• Not abundant (can be counted).
• Abundant (multiple).

Their various combination makes a picture of a disease. A variety of exanthema is an important diagnostic criterion for a doctor.

Causes of a rash in a newborn

Consider possible reasons the occurrence of a rash in a newborn child and infants:

If you are a nursing mother, you should remember that the consumed substances with milk enter the baby's body.

Note! The condition of the skin is affected by the temperature and humidity of the environment.

Localization of rashes

In addition to the nature of the rash, an important point for the pediatrician is its placement on the body. In a newborn, rashes can occur on various parts of the body. Therefore, periodically inspect his skin and mucous membranes.

Rash on head and face

The most common causes of a rash on the head include allergic reactions, hereditary predisposition, infections, hormonal imbalances.

Diathesis - common condition characteristic features which is redness and rash on the cheeks and scalp. Due to the occurrence, it happens:

• Allergic or catarrhal-exudative. Occurs as a result hypersensitivity to various allergens and inflammatory response. May appear after a nursing mother eats a product with a hyperallergenic property (citrus fruits, chocolate). These substances the child's body can not digest and remove. He perceives them as alien, dangerous substances(antigens) and begins to produce antibodies against them (immunoglobulins). The antigen-antibody combination contributes to the formation of a rash. Antibodies in the fetus are formed after a pregnant woman comes into contact with allergens.
• Lymphatic-hypoplastic. Determines susceptibility to infections and allergies.
• Nervous-arthritic. Determines metabolic disorders and increased nervous excitability.

After birth, against the background of hormonal changes, acne in newborns (neonatal cephalic pustulosis) may occur. The frequency of occurrence is 19% -31%. A feature of acne in newborns is the absence of comedones.

The appearance of exfoliating yellow scales on the scalp suggests seborrheic dermatitis. In this case, the child is worried about itching. If you have symptoms of illness, consult your doctor.

The specialist will tell about the causes of the rash and how to care for the skin of the face and head of a newborn:

Rashes on the body

Violation of sweating and non-compliance with the principles of hygiene can provoke the occurrence of well-known conditions: prickly heat and diaper dermatitis.

diapers in modern world- this is an irreplaceable thing that helps parents out. But you don't have to use them. Since they trap heat and do not allow the skin to fully "breathe", causing a rash and the development of diaper dermatitis. Therefore, do not keep your baby in a diaper all the time and for a long time.

The appearance of prickly heat contributes to the presence of skin folds (neck, groin area) and features of thermoregulation. Wrapping up a child, you can harm his health.

The abdomen is a typical place for the appearance of an infectious rash. Therefore, if you find a rash in this area, contact your pediatrician.
Modern household chemicals and synthetic clothing are provocateurs of contact dermatitis.

Diagnostics

Do not ignore the appearance of rashes on the body of the baby. By contacting a specialist, you will find out the nature of the rash, and, if necessary, the appropriate treatment.

To make a diagnosis, the doctor collects an anamnesis of the disease and examines the skin and mucous membranes of the child. The doctor, using the dermatoscopy method, determines the type of rash element.

In addition, he takes pathological material to determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to drugs. Having compared all the facts, and having determined the condition of the baby, he will correct the actions of the parents and, if a disease is detected, will draw up a treatment plan.

Conditions that are characterized by rashes

State	Characteristic	Cause
food allergy	Eruptions and scaly patches of pink-red color. With frequent interaction with the allergen, weeping occurs (the appearance of clear water on the skin). Localization: cheeks and chin, more rarely - other parts of the body.	At breastfeeding the reason is malnutrition mother. Artificial feeding does not exclude the possibility of its occurrence. Since the proteins that are in the structure of the dry mixture are alien to the baby.
contact dermatitis	Outwardly, it looks like chafing, the elements of the rash are small.	Allergens that provoke the development of this condition are in household chemicals, clothes, as well as in children's toys of poor quality. Clinical manifestations disappear after the termination of contact.
	Hyperemia (redness), peeling, the presence of bubbles in the inguinal folds, thighs, genitals and buttocks.	The main reason is prolonged wearing of a diaper, prolonged contact with feces and urine, and non-compliance with hygiene standards.
Prickly heat	Exanthem red-pink color, small size. Localization: (areas of increased sweating) neck, chest.	The occurrence of rashes is promoted by prolonged and excessive sweating, and the lack of hygiene aggravates the situation.
Atopic dermatitis(allergic disease)	The first signs are redness, swelling, peeling, dry skin. Then small bubbles appear, the child is worried about itching. In addition, there is an increase in the tonsils and lymph nodes.	There are several provoking factors atopic dermatitis: heredity, malnutrition of a nursing mother, as well as a violation of her nutrition during childbearing, dysbacteriosis, improper introduction of complementary foods.
acne in newborns(neonatal acne)	Small pimples. Perhaps their suppuration and inflammation of the affected areas of the skin. Localization: face, hairy part heads.	Experts say that the appearance of acne in newborns is provoked by the restoration of the proper level of hormones after being in the womb and a hormonal surge during childbirth.
Milia or miles in a newborn(three week rash)	Single or multiple pimples with white contents ("millet grain"). Localization: cheeks, area around the eyes, wings of the nose. The process can occur on the neck and chest.	Blockage of the ducts of the sebaceous glands.
Erythema	A small red rash, possibly the presence of white heads.	The result of adaptation after birth.
Ritter's disease(exfoliative dermatitis, pemphigus neonatal)	The first sign is a bright red spot with an inflammation component around the mouth. The process expands over time. Large blisters appear on the spots, which burst on their own with the formation of weeping erosions.	Getting an infection of Staphylococcus aureus in the skin of a child. Mixed infection is less common (combinations of staphylo- and streptococci). Infection occurs from contact with the mother or workers of the genus. at home.
Scarlet fever	Small dotted rash of scarlet color. Localization: neck, chest, back, with a gradual spread to the whole body. Nasolabial triangle remains not involved in the process, therefore stands out.	Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. A newborn baby is protected by maternal antibodies. Therefore, infection of the baby occurs if the nursing mother is sick with scarlet fever.
Chicken pox(chickenpox).	Simultaneously with an increase in body temperature, a rash appears. Characterized by the simultaneous presence various forms rashes (spot, vesicle, crust) and the appearance of new elements. First, a spot appears, with a transition to a bubble. Then the bubble bursts with the formation of erosion. In the subsequent erosion covered with a crust. Localization: mucous membranes and the entire surface of the body, including the scalp and facial part of the head.	Herpes virus type 3.
Measles	Bright profuse papular rash. Distinctive feature: the sequence of rash. Initially, rashes appear on the face and behind the ears, then on the body and arms, and finally, the rash appears on the legs. The appearance of a rash is a sign of improvement and recovery.	RNA virus of the paramyxovirus family.
Rubella("third disease").	A non-abundant rash occurs on the 3-4th day of the temperature increase. Initially, it resembles a measles rash, then it takes on the appearance of scarlet fever. Localization: face, trunk, limbs, extensor surfaces. There is an increase in lymph nodes.	rubella virus.

Newborns and infants in the first months of life have maternal antibodies in their blood that protect against exposure to an infectious agent. Therefore, for newborns, rashes of an allergic nature associated with a hereditary constitution and rashes resulting from non-compliance with hygiene standards are more characteristic.

Rashes of an infectious nature in a child occur at an older age, as the number of maternal immune cells and the formation of their own protective system.

dangers

The occurrence of a rash can be both an independent phenomenon, a manifestation of changes in the internal environment of the baby's body, as well as a messenger of the disease. Against the backdrop of a rash, call your doctor immediately if you have the following conditions:

1. Increase in body temperature.
2. The rash becomes diffuse, accompanied by itching.
3. Violation of consciousness.
4. Headache, vomiting.
5. Edema.
6. Hard breath.
7. Rash in the form of stellate hemorrhages.

To dangerous conditions applies meningococcal infection. The disease is manifested by an increase in body temperature, vomiting, the cry of the baby becomes monotonous, over time, a petechial rash (small hemorrhages) occurs.

One of the forms of the disease is meningococcemia (infection of the pathogen into the blood) and sepsis (blood poisoning). On the body and in the body of the baby there are foci of suppuration. In the absence of timely treatment, shock can develop with a fatal outcome.

What is prohibited?

When a child has a rash, you can not:

• Squeeze out pimples and pustules.
• Open bubbles.
• Lubricate large areas of the body with dyes (brilliant green).

Important! In children, the penetration of substances through the skin is quite intense. By treating significant areas of the skin, you endanger the life of the child, as this can provoke intoxication of the baby's body.

Prohibit brushing. Since it entails a violation of the integrity of the elements of the rash and will become the basis for infection of the damaged areas.

Treatment

The main therapy of the rash is aimed at eliminating the cause. For this purpose, use medicines, the nutrition of the mother and baby is corrected and the child's contact with the allergen is limited. But sometimes the rash does not require any action, and disappears on its own.

How to care for your baby's skin during a rash and what you need to do in this case, find out in the video:

AT medical literature indicated that neonatal acne and erythema resolve spontaneously. The first in 2 weeks, the second in 2-3 days. They are classified as safe conditions that do not require the use of aggressive drugs. Herbal baths with the addition of string or chamomile will help speed up the process of disappearance of erythema.

If the rash is of an allergic nature, protect the child from contact with allergens. For this purpose, the nutrition of the mother and baby is being corrected. As prescribed by the doctor, it is possible to use antihistamines (“Psilo-balm”, “Suprastin”, “Chloropyramine”), and in severe cases hormonal drugs(“Prednisolone”, “Hydrocortisone”, “Dexamethasone”).

If it is prickly heat or diaper dermatitis, create the necessary hygienic care and optimal temperature conditions, change his diapers more often. good effect to eliminate irritation in diaper dermatitis, ointments "Boro-plus", "Bepanten" are provided.

The presence of an infectious rash requires the appointment of drugs that eliminate the pathogen (Augmentin, Ampicillin) and symptomatic drugs(“Daleron”, “Efferalgan”).

Question answer

Can string baths be used to bathe a child with a rash?

The string is hypoallergenic. It has a calming, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effect. The plant dries out the skin of the baby, so bath procedures with a succession can be carried out once a week. Experts warn that bathing in a bath with a succession of a child is prohibited when elevated temperature body and if, after bathing in such a bath, the baby has itching, peeling and a rash.

If a breastfed baby develops a rash, does the mother need to diet?

The first thing to do is to find out the cause of the rash. If this manifestation food allergies, exclude from the diet foods that are allergens and could provoke a rash. Then these products can be introduced into your diet gradually, observing the condition of your child's skin and mucous membranes. Thus, you will eliminate the rash and find out what foods your baby is allergic to.

How to care for the skin of a newborn during "blooming"?

This process is considered the baby's physiological response to hormonal changes in the body. specific treatment does not require, passes on its own. For washing and bathing, use herbal decoctions of calendula, chamomile, yarrow. If your child has dry skin, apply moisturizers.

Periodically occurring rash in the form of red spots with an abscess in the middle. What's this?

These are the signs mild form vesiculopustulosis. This disease belongs to the group staph infections. And most often "brought" from the hospital. With an increase in body temperature and the spread of the rash to other parts of the body, seek help from your doctor.

What to remember:

1. Newborn acne and prickly heat are not contagious or dangerous to others.
2. If a rash occurs in a newborn or infant, consult a doctor.
3. Once infection is confirmed, limit contact with healthy people.
4. Self-treatment and waiting for improvement is unacceptable.

When a rash appears in a baby, parents should immediately sound the alarm and consult a doctor for help. There are many types of rash, so you need to correctly determine the causes of its occurrence and prescribe treatment.

Rash baby may be various kinds. Further treatment largely depends on the factors of their occurrence, so it is important not to miss a single detail and correctly diagnose.

Allergic rash in the baby

A rash is often caused by exposure to an allergen. Rashes on the body in infants can be caused by various factors.

Allergic reaction to food

When it occurs, the first manifestations are formed on the cheeks. Allergies occur when the mother eats illiterate foods or when the baby’s food (mixture) is not suitable.

Allergy upon contact with pathogen

This factor includes insect bites, allergies to dyes, and animals.

Allergic urticaria

Outwardly, it resembles a lesion of the skin with nettles.

Prickly heat

Irritation of the skin that develops due to increased sweating and delayed evaporation of sweat. Prickly heat is localized precisely in the folds of the skin.

Diaper dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin, which appears due to irritation with excess moisture or feces ( bad care for the baby).

Diffuse neurodermatitis

Chronic genetically determined inflammatory skin lesions of an allergic nature. Rash on all parts of the baby's body. It may be due to overfeeding the baby. When a mother eats food while carrying a child, which subsequently can give rise to an allergic response of the body.

Hormonal rash in the chest

A rash in the baby may appear all over the body. The reason for the appearance is physiological, since it may be the result of changes hormonal background. To cure these manifestations, you need to contact a specialist who will analyze the type of skin lesion, help determine the causes of occurrence and prescribe treatment.

It is important to provide the baby with proper hygiene.

Types of rash

When a rash appears, pay attention to the color and characteristics rashes. By these signs, you can determine the types of rash in infants.

Consider the types of rash in infants, their description and photo. So, dermatologists share skin manifestations into three groups:

• physiological elements - inflammation of the newborn, manifested against the background of hormonal changes;
• immunological appears due to the influence of various irritants on the skin: allergens, temperature, friction;
• infectious - caused by pathogens of childhood infections: chicken pox, a disease caused by the measles virus,
• an infectious disease caused by the rubella virus or thrush.

Red rash on chest

The circumstances by which red rashes appear on the body of the baby are more often associated with hyperhidrosis. This dermatological phenomenon occurs due to overheating. At the same time, the pores are clogged, and a lot of water accumulates in them. Bubbles of a small size of a scarlet tone appear on the body.

Such scarlet acne can be localized in the area under the armpits, under the knees, as well as in areas where clothes fit closely to the body. A small red rash on the body of a baby often appears with artificial nutrition.

Small rash on chest

If the irritant stops penetrating into the blood, then allergic reactions recede, and small rashes on the body of the baby disappear on their own. It is important to know that small spots, a small red rash in a baby will not go away if only creams and ointments are used.

Because the inflammation does not go away inside, despite the fact that outwardly, it seems that all the rashes began to dry out. Such a rash occurs as a result of an infectious disease.

Location on the body of the baby

On the face

A rash on the face appears as a kind of food allergy. In particular, pimples are placed on the cheek due to the fact that the mixture is not suitable for the baby. Sometimes the cause of the appearance is considered to be an allergen that was transmitted to the baby while breastfeeding. After two days, peeling occurs. For a general improvement in the condition, you need to go on a strict diet.

It is rather difficult to say specifically for what reason the rash occurred, since the main factors exist big number, for example, it may be a change in temperature, an allergic response to laundry chemicals, an infectious disease, or wrong job digestive tract.

Also, often in babies, the appearance of acne is associated with seborrheic dermatitis(causative agent of dermatitis yeast-like fungi species Malassezia).

On the body

Even a small rash on the abdomen of a baby means disorders and problems in the body. It can appear both on the mother’s diet and on the intake of various medications. With infectious toxic erythema in infants, a red rash appears on the chest in the form of spots.

When a baby has a pinkish small rash on the back, then most likely this is a specific form of dermatitis, which manifests itself as a result of skin irritation due to excessive sweating. The reason for the appearance of a lack of care for the baby, overheating, tightly tightened diaper.

On the lower back, a rash in infants occurs due to psoriasis - a disease of non-infectious origin, characterized by damage to the skin in the form of their dry raised crusts.

On the stomach and back, a rash in a baby can appear for various reasons. Most often due to allergies caused by complementary foods, formula milk or foods consumed by the mother. The rashes are very itchy, cause discomfort to the baby. On the back, acne often appears due to prickly heat.

On the neck

Especially in summer, a rash may appear more often in the collar area due to prickly heat. Red dots are observed throughout the neck, including the area under the hairline. In this case, special treatment is not required, since proper hygiene will help. Mom should make sure that the baby does not have artificial clothes.

On the stomach

Pimples can be caused by allergies or poor hygiene practices.

Consider the circumstances of the appearance:

• inflammatory lesions of the skin, due to exposure to factors of a chemical, physical or biological nature;
• acute or chronic illness skin of an inflammatory nature, with the appearance of a rash, severe itching;
• measles and rubella virus;
• the presence of an immobile spherical bacterium belonging to the Staphylococcal family;
• with scabies, which is characterized skin itching(usually manifests itself at night);
• a specific form of dermatitis that occurs as a result of skin irritation due to excessive sweating.

On the pope

Pimples on the pope in a baby often appear due to failure to follow simple hygiene rules, and also as a result of prickly heat. Therefore, to get rid of the rash, you just need to use ointments to dry the skin, use the hardening method and, of course, change diapers often.

Pimples on the legs

One of the most common causes of a rash on the body of a child, as a result of overheating of the body. Expressed by small reddish pimples. They are located in the folds of the skin. On the legs, a similar rash in infants occurs in the most advanced cases.

A rash under the knee in a baby has the following prerequisites:

• A bite of an insect. In the popliteal cavity there is a huge number of small vessels that make these places very attractive to insects;
• In case of an allergic reaction to products, chemicals, plants, dust;
• Dermatological disease - eczema. A rash in a baby affects the skin in different areas, including the area on the legs. At first, the disease manifests itself as small reddish spots with a rough surface. With scratching and the development of the disease, the rash can turn into purulent formations.

Causes of eczema in babies:

• metabolic disease;
• improper feeding, lack of vitamins in food;
• penetration of infections from the mother's body in the prenatal period;
• influence of toxic substances;
• predisposition, often hereditary, to allergic reactions.

A rash in a baby on the feet, on the legs can be with neurodermatitis. From time to time it becomes more intense or disappears completely. The causes of the disease are similar to eczema.

Psoriasis appears with reduced immunity. The disease is expressed by the formation of reddish scaly spots under the knees.

In some cases, an ulcerative rash on the feet can be associated with serious pathologies of the circulatory system. If acne occurs on the feet or another part of the body, it must be borne in mind that serious pathologies can also appear in a similar way.

For diagnosis in infants, such methods of study as scraping, biopsy are more often used. A rash on the feet, on the legs of a baby is considered a sign of a serious illness that calls for the immediate intervention of doctors.

If, when a child develops a rash, itching begins to disturb, creams and ointments should not be applied immediately, since the doctor will not be able to determine the root cause of the rash.

If an infectious disease has become a factor in the occurrence of a rash on the feet, in this case, in addition to it, the baby will have other signs of an infectious disease.

Rash on hands

A rash on the hands of a baby can appear due to numerous circumstances:

Atopic dermatitis. Rashes on the skin of the handles are caused by an atypical allergic reaction, which is determined by heredity. Bubbles with liquid appear on the plane of the skin.

- one of the most common factors for rashes on the arms and legs of a baby. Itching is expressed in those places of the skin that have had direct contact with a hostile element.

They can be children's cosmetics, artificial or brightly colored textiles, clothes and bedding that have not been washed enough from washing powder. Such an allergic reaction is expressed after a couple of hours after contact and disappears, as a rule, after a couple of days after cessation of contact.

Skin rashes in infants appear on the limbs due to allergens that penetrate with food and air (dust formation, pet hair, pollen).

bacterial infection. Skin lesions with streptococci can be a source of redness and serious sores covered with blisters. A similar rash on the face and hands of a baby occurs during or after infectious diseases.

Fungal diseases often affect the skin of the hands in children, especially during the stages of falling immunity. infectious fungal disease accompanied by irritation and dryness of the skin between the fingers.

Infectious diseases preceding the onset of the rash

The first step is to deal with the treatment of infectious diseases, the manifestation of which is often a rash.

1. Scarlet fever. The disease is characterized by scarlet rough skin, which occurs not only on the legs, but throughout the whole body. Thus, a sign this disease serves fever and redness of the tongue;
2. Measles is expressed as a small scarlet eruption on the legs, and on the whole body. With it, children also have rhinitis, coughing and fever;
3. Chicken pox. Her pimples appear as vesicles with a colorless liquid, they cover the whole body and are very itchy;
4. Rubella is accompanied by a small red rash that occurs first on the face, and then affects the entire body. Rubella is characterized by a change in the size of the lymph nodes and an increase in fever;
5. Vezilocupustulosis. A rather unpleasant disease, manifested by small pustular pimples of snow-white or pale yellow tone;
6. A group of diseases that include several types of viruses. The disease is expressed only by acne, which covers the palms or feet and does not cause discomfort.