The profession of "dentist" combines several different areas related by a common field of activity. Depending on the specialization, dentists are divided into therapists, surgeons, orthopedists and orthodontists.
Dentist-therapist
The therapist deals with the treatment of the most common dental disease -. Cleaning of dental canals, removal of diseased nerves, filling is also in his competence.
A dental therapist can also restore teeth with filling materials to save a tooth that has begun to decay. Much in this case depends on the quality of the materials and the skill of the doctor.
Dentist-surgeon
In advanced cases, damaged teeth have to be removed. This is what a dentist does. He also cleans the cavities between the teeth and gums in case of periodontal disease (the scientific name for this process is curettage), removes cysts, and performs bone grafting.
A dental surgeon performs operations on the jaws, joints and face associated with injuries, congenital and acquired defects, tumors, infectious and inflammatory processes, diseases of the salivary glands and nerve fibers located in this area.
Implantation into the jaw bone of implants (artificial roots) for further prosthetics is also within the competence of the surgeon.
Often, doctors of this profile have to remove the so-called sunken wisdom teeth, which grow in the wrong direction and cause inflammation and severe pain in the gums.
Dentist-orthopedist
Otherwise, this specialist is called a prosthetist. He chooses the right one for the patient, takes impressions from the teeth. The orthopedist performs fitting, fitting prostheses and fixes them in the patient's mouth.
Today, such prosthetic options are possible as fixed (crowns, inlays, bridges), removable and conditionally removable (the prosthesis is easily removed by the doctor, but the patient cannot remove it himself), as well as implantation. Implantation allows you to completely restore the appearance of the lost tooth and its functioning.
Dentist-orthodontist
The orthodontist deals with the correction of the dentition: corrects the bite if the teeth grow unevenly. To do this, braces or special caps are used, gradually shifting the teeth in the right direction. Orthodontics not only makes a smile beautiful, but also contributes to the prevention of caries and gum disease.
There are several specialized areas in dentistry. Each doctor solves specific problems of the dentoalveolar system. Therefore, it is necessary to know who deals with certain diseases, including which dentist treats caries and puts fillings.
Which dentist treats caries?
In dental practice, 3 specialists can fill teeth at once:
- Dentist;
- therapist;
- pediatric dentist.
The job description of the first professional includes a wide range of responsibilities. He chooses the tactics of therapy, introduces anesthesia, diagnoses, prevents and treats caries. However, this specialization does not require long-term study in higher educational institutions.
Important! Today, the profession of a dentist is considered obsolete. Their main duties are handled by junior medical staff. Physicians are in charge of diagnosis and treatment.
Dentist-therapist is a specialist of a wide profile.
A pediatrician can also put fillings. However, its focus is the elimination of diseases of the oral cavity in a child.
The dentist-therapist is the first one who receives and examines the patient. This is a generalist. If only conservative intervention is required, the therapist will take care of it. But when specific therapy is needed, he will refer you to another doctor: an orthodontist, a prosthetist, a surgeon, a periodontist.
Additional Information! With all manipulations, a dentist of any specialization is familiar. Therefore, it is not always important which doctor puts fillings. The procedure may be needed when performing work of a different direction: prosthetics, orthodontic treatment and other manipulations.
Responsibilities of a Dental Therapist
A dentist-therapist is a specialist with a higher medical education. He is obliged:
- receiving and examining patients;
- diagnose;
- draw up a treatment plan;
- administer anesthesia using modern techniques;
- to carry out prevention and elimination of all types of carious lesions and their complications;
- install seals;
- perform endodontic intervention;
- take casts, try on, adjust prostheses and orthodontic structures;
- perform simple physiotherapy procedures;
- carry out aesthetic and functional restoration, whitening, professional hygiene.
A dental therapist can also diagnose dental diseases.
Additional Information! In addition to the basic services, the therapist is obliged to monitor the condition of the equipment, take and store drugs, and teach hygiene to patients. An important point is the constant improvement of qualifications, the improvement of professional skills, the introduction of new methods of treatment.
It should be understood that the dentist-therapist is a general practitioner. In addition to treating diseases of the oral cavity, he can provide emergency medical care, reduce dislocations and fix jaw fractures, and, based on analyzes, suggest diseases of other human organs and systems. Therefore, you should not resist if the doctor asks for permission to perform a manipulation that does not concern problems with the teeth.
Types of dental fillings and their comparison
It is necessary to know at least approximately what a particular material is. After all, their classification is based precisely on durability, strength and aesthetic qualities. It is usually believed that if the cost of the work is higher, then the filling is of better quality. However, quality materials today can be used at a free reception.
Which doctor puts fillings?
Often patients are interested in which doctor puts fillings? This is done by a dentist-therapist, dentist or pediatric dentist. Filling is a very responsible and delicate process that requires high professionalism of the doctor.
What fillings are placed for free?
Typically, such procedures are carried out according to the mandatory minimum of medical care for the population or according to insurance medicine. Of course, the quality of these materials is largely different from those used as paid services. But until some time, these same tools were used everywhere, since there were no more modern ones.
Basically, cement fillings are installed free of charge. Silicate and silicophosphate dental cements are used. After such treatment, caries recurrence often occurs, these cements have too weak adhesion. They are quite dangerous when placed in a deep carious cavity, as they are capable of releasing toxic substances.
Silicate cements are placed on the front teeth. They are more suitable in color to natural tissues, have a certain transparency and are well processed. Silicophosphate materials are designed to close cavities in chewing teeth.
Recently, chemical curing composites have been used in some public clinics. You can often find Evikrol, Composite, Crystalline. These products are much better than any cements, although they are far from the positive properties of more expensive fillings.
Types of fillings
They can be conditionally divided according to the material of manufacture and purpose. So, it is customary to distinguish the following types:
Temporary fillings
They are used as fillings at intermediate stages of dental treatment. For example, in the treatment of apical periodontitis, when it is necessary to check the sealing. They are also indispensable in the treatment of pulpitis in a devital way, when a medicinal substance is placed under the pad.
Such material is easily removed if necessary. It has low strength, but sufficient adhesion to temporarily cover the problem area. Its composition is absolutely harmless if swallowed by the patient.
cement fillings
This type of filling has been used for a long time, but even today it has not lost its relevance. There are three types of materials used:
- silicate. They contain special glass and orthophosphoric acids. After polymerization, silicates are able to release fluorine to a certain extent. Therefore, they are quite relevant in the acute course of caries. However, they are not used in milk occlusion due to the rather large release of phosphoric acid. Weak enamel can be impregnated with this substance and a chemical burn of the pulp will occur.
- Phosphate. These are low-quality products that dentists are gradually abandoning. For a long time they were used as insulating pads in the treatment of uncomplicated caries. Until now, phosphate cements are used under the crown during prosthetics of the dentition.
- Glass ionomer. They have a chemical composition very similar to the natural tissues of the tooth. As a result, they have excellent adhesion. Polymerization occurs under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. The doctor manages to completely form the material under the anatomical shape of the tooth. Glass ionomers have some modifications that are characterized by increased strength. So they include ceramics or even metal in their composition. This property allows you to successfully put them on chewing teeth. Glass ionomer cements are successfully used in milk bite. They release a large amount of fluorine, at the same time, without exerting a toxic effect on the pulp. A high degree of adhesion allows you to place a seal even in a humid environment. Unfortunately, they are devoid of aesthetics. But in modern dentistry, glass ionomers are already being produced in which photocuring is added, which makes it possible to achieve sufficiently high aesthetic performance.
Composite fillings
These are relatively new technologies in the treatment of complicated and uncomplicated dental caries. But in a short period of use, they have already earned the trust of many patients and dentists. This type of material also has its own subgroups, which mainly include the following:
- acrylic compounds. They are one of the first composite compounds. They have sufficient strength and resistance to abrasion. However, they have more negative qualities than positive ones. The main disadvantage is high toxicity. They are categorically not recommended to be placed on non-pulpless teeth. There are cases when acrylic-containing materials had a toxic effect on adjacent healthy teeth and contributed to the development of caries. At the same time, they are successfully used in pulpless chewing teeth. Material service life up to 5 years
- Epoxy compounds. Made from epoxy resins. They are stronger than acrylic fillings, but are quite fragile. In addition, they darken after a few years. Epoxides are less toxic. When setting, they perfectly fill the cavity and are evenly distributed. Their rapid solidification can prevent the dentist from forming a filling in a timely manner. The service life of the material, like that of acrylic, is up to 5 years
A product made from the materials listed above is the so-called chemical filling. That is, its hardening occurs by itself due to certain processes occurring by composition and contact with the environment. Other representatives of composites are compounds that harden only under the influence of a special lamp.
- Light curing fillings. They are high-quality material in terms of aesthetic and physical properties. They are successfully placed both in the chewing and in the frontal part of the jaw. For the best contrast, match the color to the tissues of the tooth. The package can contain up to 12 tubes with different color markings. Polymerization occurs only from exposure to an ultraviolet lamp, and then only by 70–80%. To give strength to the surface of the seal after hardening, it is necessary to carefully grind and finely polish.
The service life of composites is from 5 to 10 years. In modern dentistry, the use of hybrid composites and nanocomposites is practiced. These compounds have very small particles in their composition. Namely, they provide ultra-reliable adhesion to natural tissues. This is the best option in the treatment of chewing teeth. However, dentists tend to consider the material universal and use it in all cases.
Compomer compounds (compomers)
The first compomer fillings began to be used in the early 1990s, representing a hybrid of composites and glass ionomers. They have both positive and some negative properties of both types of these materials.
Their complex composition includes benzoin and amine peroxides, monomer, various resins and polyacrylic acid. Polymerization takes place evenly, without the formation of pores, which gives the seal additional strength. This light seal is placed mainly on the canines and incisors, that is, in places of the least load. However, it has been proven in practice that compomers are able to withstand any chewing load. An important disadvantage is the rather high price and fragility, as in composite materials.
Filling materials for milk teeth
For a long time, dentists were content with only glass ionomer cements. But they did not quite meet all the requirements. Today it is proposed to carry out sealing with special children's colored materials based on composite resins. This highly unusual approach has been used recently and has gained popularity among children and dentists. These tools, in addition to the color appearance, have a number of advantages over conventional fillings:
Amalgam fillings
Such fillings are also called silver. This is outdated material. It is an alloy of mercury, silver, tin or copper. The filling is very hard, durable, but aesthetic qualities are completely absent. There is evidence that the material lasted in the oral cavity for more than 20 years.
A big disadvantage is the high thermal conductivity and heat capacity. In addition, there are suggestions that particles of mercury may be released from the amalgam. As you know, this is a very harmful substance that can cause some mutations and cancerous tumors in the body. But this fact remains unproven and it is believed that its amount entering the body is extremely small. To date, amalgam is practically not used.
The choice of one or another filling material remains with the patient. The doctor can only recommend which one to choose, after an adequate examination and diagnosis. The patient has the right to refuse the imposed material, but he must take into account the consequences of his choice. If you ask a doctor, he can always talk about the advantages and disadvantages of a particular material, so which seal is better - only the dentist knows.
Did you like the material? We will be grateful for the reposts
What is a temporary filling and why is it placed?
Dental treatment is a lengthy process that requires the care and professionalism of a dentist. There are many subtleties in the treatment of a particular dental disease. Very often, a specialist puts a temporary filling. But every second patient does not know what it is for, and what is its effect on the aching tooth.
Why is a temporary filling necessary?
Such a measure is necessary in some cases. Let's analyze the most common ones.
Diagnostics
When a patient seeks help with an already advanced caries, it is difficult for a specialist to determine how far the pathological process has gone and whether the nerve endings are affected. In such cases, the doctor decides to install a temporary filling. A few days later, a second appointment is prescribed, during which a decision is made on further treatment. If during this time the pain is completely gone, a permanent filling is placed. In the opposite situation, pulpitis is diagnosed and appropriate treatment is prescribed.
Need to kill a nerve
With deep carious processes, the pulp is damaged. In this case, you can not do without removing the nerve.
Before that, you need to kill him. To do this, a paste with arsenic is placed in a tooth cleaned of carious tissues, which neutralizes the nerve endings. While this process lasts, the pulp chamber must be airtight. This is what a temporary filling is for. How long you have to wear the medicine and the temporary filling is decided by the attending dentist. This may take from two days to three weeks. But in any case, the appointment must be strictly on time. After all, after the expiration of the term, arsenic begins to act toxic.
Treatment of periodonitis
Periodonitis is a serious disease in which inflammation affects both the root of the tooth and the area around it. The reason may be running pulpitis or poor-quality root canal filling. Trauma also sometimes leads to inflammation.
Treatment consists in removing the areas affected by inflammation. It is carried out in several stages, while temporary fillings cannot be dispensed with, under which medicinal and antiseptic preparations are placed. In addition to the sealing function, they perform a diagnostic role.
When prosthetics
Temporary filling. What materials is it made from
Their composition is different, but they all meet a number of requirements:
- plasticity and ease of use;
- the ability to withstand the load of chewing food;
- safety for human health;
- good adhesion to the walls of the tooth.
All these requirements are met by the following compositions: Artificial dentin and dentin paste. The most common. The composition is identical. The first is available in powder form, and unlike paste does not contain oils. The composition includes zinc oxide, zinc sulfate and white clay. The required consistency is achieved with water. Hardens quickly - from 1 to 3 minutes.
The paste hardens within 2 hours under the influence of body temperature and oral fluid. Do not use in combination with toxic substances, such as arsenic, since the long hardening process allows the passage of toxic substances into the oral cavity.
cements. Differ in high durability. Often used in the treatment of chewing teeth, which are most susceptible to stress.
Polymers or light curing pastes. They are characterized by ease of use and instant hardening. The latter allows them to be used in combination with many drugs.
Temporary filling. What period is set?
The term is determined individually, depending on the diagnosis and varies from two days to six months.
If the reason was the medicine embedded in the tooth, a temporary filling is installed for up to one month and removed immediately after the end of the medication. If the material is too soft or starts to crumble, the filling has to be reinstalled.
Fillings with arsenic are not used for more than seven days, otherwise, it can be harmful.
In prosthetics, fillings from a special composition are used and, if necessary, last several months.
Toothache with temporary filling
It happens that after the procedure for installing a temporary filling, there is a sharp or aching pain. As a rule, this is the norm, because the medicine has not yet fully worked, and a bad tooth will make itself felt from time to time. In such a situation, painkillers help.
Sometimes the filling material causes allergies. A symptom is intermittent aching pain. In this case, you must consult a doctor.
As a rule, the dentist warns about these phenomena.
One way or another, but all temporary fillings must be removed. And if this happened without the participation of a specialist, you should immediately contact the clinic. The doctor, depending on the result of the examination, will decide whether to put a new temporary material, or put a permanent filling. But before that, he will definitely conduct a sanitation of the oral cavity.
In any case, regardless of which filling is installed and for what reason, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the instructions of the dentist.
What is the difference between a dentist and a dentist? Many people are sure that synonymous words reflect the name of one profession, and there is no difference between the concepts.
In fact, there are differences, and significant ones. It is no coincidence that even in dental offices, at least 2 doctors of a narrow specialization conduct appointments: a dentist-therapist and a dental surgeon. In large clinics, you will find specialists in five areas. But why does a dentist in a small village independently carry out many types of manipulations? Is it correct? Let's figure it out.
How is a dentist different from a dentist?
The difference is in the level of education and powers. According to the job description, the dentist cannot perform certain types of treatment.
In practice, patients often encounter specialists without higher education, "jacks of all trades". This situation is common in small settlements, where only one staff unit is provided for the treatment of oral diseases in a medical facility.
Take note:
- many specialists with secondary medical education claim that they perform dental treatment no worse than dentists, backing up the arguments with reviews of satisfied patients;
- but without the necessary level of knowledge it is impossible to properly deal with a complex case, to prevent side effects;
- without constant advanced training, the introduction of new technologies, modern materials, it is impossible to offer the patient the most gentle method of treatment;
- It is no coincidence that private dental clinics regularly spend considerable sums on advanced training courses and symposiums for practicing doctors.
Dentist
A specialist has been studying at a medical college for 3 years, studying the structure, features of the dentition, learning the simplest dental procedures. But a doctor with a secondary medical education should not perform complex prosthetics, carry out bite correction or treat pulpitis.
What does an orthodontist do?
- aligns the dentition;
- eliminates wide interdental spaces, removes the diastema - the gap between the "ones" in the center of the dentition; (Read more about the methods of treating diastema on the page);
- corrects the growth of dairy and permanent units;
- gives recommendations for the prevention of malocclusion;
- controls the formation of the jaw in childhood.
Take note:
- the specialist draws up a treatment plan, takes casts, sends the jaws for x-rays, sends the collected materials to the dental laboratory;
- after receiving the finished product, the doctor installs the design, gives recommendations for care, proper correction;
- during the entire period of treatment, the patient is observed by a doctor who has installed braces, retainers or other special devices;
- the duration of the correction is calculated in months, often years (especially in adults).
Removable and non-removable orthodontic structures help to correct bite defects:
- stretching plates;
- bracket systems;
- veneers;
- lumineers;
- orthodontic appliances;
- lip bumpers;
- retainers;
- trainers;
- aligners;
- orthodontic caps;
- clasp devices.
You can find the details of interest on our website. It is written about the types of bracket systems; features of installing veneers are described; Lumineers -
Children's dentist
Often, parents are offended if "their" doctor refuses to treat their child's teeth. It's not about the low qualification of a pediatric dentist or the unwillingness to endure the whims of a young patient.
There are several reasons:
- the children's jaw has differences compared to the adult dentoalveolar system;
- a slightly different approach to filling, removal of milk and permanent units is required;
- many drugs, in particular anesthetics, are not suitable for children;
- a pediatric dentist studied psychology, it is easier for him to find an approach to a frightened baby;
- with a strong fear of the dentist's chair, the pediatrician uses. Special preparations, safe for the child's body, stop panic attacks, allow the doctor to calmly treat problem teeth.
Did you know that dentists and dentists have a professional holiday? And not just one, but several!
Congratulate your favorite doctor:
- February 9th. International Dentist Day.
- March, 6. International Dentist Day.
- April 24th. Day of the Russian dentist.
- July 25th. Day of the Dental Technician.
- 12-th of September. World Oral Health Day.
Now you know the difference between a dentist and a dentist. In case of poor condition of the dentition, complex cases of dental diseases, do not refuse to consult a narrow specialist. Only a professional will perform prosthetics, bite correction or complex tooth extraction.
If it is difficult to find a qualified orthodontist or prosthodontist in your town or village, contact a large center in another locality. Don't trust your oral health to "generalists".
When visiting a dental clinic, you can see various signs with the names of doctors on the cabinet doors. Many patients cannot understand how one specialist differs from another. Especially many questions arise when making an appointment with a dentist and a dentist. What is the difference between a dentist and a dentist and what functions does each of them perform? The answer to the question will be given in the article.
Who is a dentist
The phrase first appeared in 1710. Until that time, the teeth were not treated, they fell out and collapsed on their own. Some patients died from excruciating toothaches. At best, the diseased element was simply pulled out of the oral cavity.
Dentistry in Russia began to develop during the time of Peter 1. He opened the first dental schools, but only 10 years later a decree was issued allowing treatment of the oral cavity after receiving a medical education. Gradually, the services of dentists became more in demand. In addition, due to the transition to soft foods, people have more problems with their teeth.
A few centuries ago, people needed doctors of various profiles, but the term “dentist” was more often used in terminology. To date, this concept has replaced the term "dentist".
To obtain the profession of a dentist, it is necessary to complete 3 years of study and obtain a diploma of the appropriate level of qualification. The dentist is not entitled to solve some dental problems:
- pulpitis;
- malocclusion;
- prosthetics;
- anesthesia.
In small towns, a dentist can also deal with the above tasks if there is no specialist of the required profile.
Abroad, a dentist is called a dentist. He receives a diploma after completing secondary education.
What does a graduate dentist do? He is engaged in simple manipulations, which include:
- examination of the patient's oral cavity;
- establishing the cause of the violation;
- treatment of gum pathologies;
- filling small areas of destroyed enamel;
- advice on the implementation of hygiene procedures;
- recommendations for choosing the right products for personal oral hygiene.
- an extract of a referral to narrow-profile specialists in case of detection of serious dental problems.
The list of duties of a dentist is quite extensive. Due to this, the specialist is a very popular doctor in clinics.
Categories of dentists
After a certain period of time, the doctor can improve his qualifications. The category largely depends on the length of service of the doctor and the passage of additional training courses. In total, there are 3 categories that a dentist can receive:
- Second. Awarded to people whose work experience is more than 3 years after passing the certification. To obtain a category, a doctor must be savvy in both theoretical and practical skills.
- First. It is given to dentists who have worked in their specialty for more than 7 years. In this case, he needs to study related disciplines related to prosthetics, dental work, etc.
- Higher. It is issued to doctors whose work experience exceeds 10 years. Doctors of this level of training have increased theoretical and practical knowledge and skills.
Not only the knowledge of the doctor, but also his salary depends on the category. Some dentists only treat children. They can eliminate small carious cavities that have arisen as a result of excessive consumption of sweets by a child or non-compliance with the rules of oral hygiene.
In some cases, the dentist is unable to help a small patient. This is due to several factors:
- Children's jaw in structure and structure is different from the adult.
- The dentist does not have special equipment and devices for the treatment of pulpitis or complicated caries.
- Lack of drugs needed for therapy.
- Inability to find an approach to the child.
In the presence of one of the listed problems, the child is referred for treatment to a pediatric dentist. In most cases, a dentist can cope with simple caries in a baby. Also, the dentist conducts preventive examination of children 2 times a year.
Uncomplicated caries in a child
Dentist Profession
The dentist has more authority regarding the conduct of medical procedures. Training in the specialty lasts 6 years, during which doctors master several important disciplines. At the end of the training, the specialist is offered to choose one of the directions: therapist, surgeon, orthodontist, orthopedist or hygienist.
Comprehensive training is necessary in order to know the structure of the human body and be able to establish the relationship of one organ with another. Also, the doctor has to master the basics of psychology, since some patients come to the office in a depressed state, which aggravates therapy.
Each category in dentistry should be considered in more detail.
Therapist
The doctor deals with the treatment of a diseased tooth and the installation of a seal. The dentist also handles these duties. Both specialists can also examine the patient's oral cavity and diagnose the disease. The difference between a dentist and a dentist is that the dentist deals with mild problems (gum inflammation, mild caries). All the work of the therapist is aimed at combating advanced caries and its consequences (pulpitis, periodontitis, tooth cysts, etc.). Let us consider in more detail each of the diseases that the dentist deals with.
In the photo, pulpitis is one of the complications of caries that requires dental care.
Caries is caused by the gradual destruction of the enamel elements. With untimely treatment, the pathological process extends to the dentin and pulp. The problem arises under the influence of negative external factors: the intake of certain types of medicines, the consumption of carbohydrate-containing foods, the lack of proper oral care.
One of the complications of caries is pulpitis, in which the nerve endings of the tooth are involved in the pathological process. The main symptom of the disorder is acute severe pain, which is difficult to stop even with potent drugs. Pulpitis requires immediate treatment by a dentist-therapist.
Periodontitis develops as a result of bacterial damage to the jaw bones. The condition can cause complete or partial edentulism (loss of teeth).
Another problem that the dentist deals with is periostitis (flux). The disease is accompanied by severe swelling of the soft tissues of the mouth and intense pain.
The competence of the therapist also includes solving problems of a non-carious nature:
- enamel demineralization;
- fluorosis;
- wedge-shaped defects;
- enamel wear;
- bone necrosis.
- increased sensitivity of the teeth;
- diseases of the mucous membranes of the mouth (stomatitis, periodontitis, gingivitis).
There is no difference between a dentist and a dentist. Both specialists deal with common problems and provide referral to more specialized doctors if necessary.
Some private clinics provide services to restore the aesthetics of a smile. They include whitening enamel, eliminating bad breath, restoring teeth with reflective composites. All of these services are provided by dentists.
Orthodontist
The main task of the doctor is to carry out prosthetics. The doctor restores the chewing function of the jaw in the absence of one or more elements in the oral cavity. In addition, with the help of orthodontic structures, the aesthetics of a smile are restored, thanks to which a person ceases to be shy of others.
In another way, an orthodontist is called a prosthetist. Initially, all patients go to the therapist, who issues a referral to the orthodontist.
The differences between the specialist in question and the dentist are obvious: the first is engaged in restoring the shape and aesthetics of the tooth, the second is in treatment.
Today, orthodontists are in great demand. They can offer patients modern options for prosthetics to solve various bite problems. Orthodontic designs differ in purpose, cost and installation time. In each case, the doctor selects the best option for the patient.
Surgeon
If the tooth enamel or pulp of the element is severely destroyed, then the only way out is to remove the tooth. Which doctor removes teeth? This function is performed by the dentist-surgeon. The doctor is also engaged in other activities:
- performs maxillofacial operations;
- prepares the oral cavity for implant placement;
- corrects anomalies of the dentition;
- gives advice on correcting bite defects.
The surgeon performs a list of rather complex works that a dentist-therapist cannot cope with. After extracting the problematic unit, the surgeon gives advice on caring for the oral cavity to minimize complications and speed up wound regeneration.
Orthopedist
What does an orthopedic doctor treat? The specialist is engaged in the restoration and correction of defects of the entire musculoskeletal system. He, like an orthodontist, can save a unit, the crown part of which is destroyed, but the root is intact. The differences between the specialists of this profile are that the orthodontist deals only with dental problems, while the orthopedist solves a wider range of problems related to joint damage, etc. Orthopedics also provides for implantation and prosthetics in the presence of bite problems.
Orthopedic constructions for bite normalization
Children's dentist
The structure of the jaw in babies has some differences, therefore, separate specialists are engaged in the elimination of dental diseases in children. The doctor knows what filling materials and means for anesthesia can be offered to small patients.
The opinion that children do not need to treat milk teeth is erroneous. Carious processes can spread to the pulp, nerve endings of the element, as well as periodontal tissues, which in the future will create problems in the formation of a permanent bite. To treat children, the doctor will have to use not only other drugs, but also tools. In addition, a pediatric dentist must have the skills of a psychologist to prepare the patient for the upcoming manipulations.
hygienist
This profession is considered relatively new in dentistry. The main goal of the specialist is competent care of the patient's teeth and teaching the latter hygienic skills. The list of services provided by the doctor includes:
- diagnosis of diseases of the oral cavity;
- professional cleaning of enamel;
- caries prevention;
- medical examinations in various institutions (kindergartens, workplaces, schools).
Rubric "Question - answer"
What is a dentist?
The concept was used in the 20th century and is now considered obsolete. Previously, the term was used to refer to dentists who did not have a special higher education. In foreign countries, a dentist is called a dentist who has received a secondary education in his specialty. This term can be called a specialist in a dental laboratory, a dentist, a paramedic.
Can a dentist perform the duties of a dentist?
The answer to the question will be negative, since the dentist does not have the necessary skills and knowledge to carry out the procedures that are the responsibility of the dentist.
Can a dentist remove teeth and treat caries?
Maybe, if the process is not complicated by other diseases or periodontal pathologies.
Thanks
The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!
Book a Dentist
To make an appointment with a doctor or diagnostics, you just need to call a single phone number
+7 495 488-20-52 in Moscow
+7 812 416-38-96 in St. Petersburg
The operator will listen to you and redirect the call to the right clinic, or take an order for an appointment with the specialist you need.
Or you can click the green "Sign Up Online" button and leave your phone number. The operator will call you back within 15 minutes and select a specialist that meets your request.
At the moment, an appointment is being made with specialists and clinics in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
What is a dentist?
Dentist is a doctor engaged in the study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the oral cavity, teeth, gums and maxillofacial region. The duties of a dentist include:
- A complete examination of the patient in order to identify diseases of the teeth, gums, jaw or oral cavity.
- Performing diagnostic procedures and prescribing additional studies in order to establish an accurate diagnosis.
- Appointment of adequate treatment.
- Performing surgical, therapeutic and diagnostic procedures.
- Teaching patients how to prevent diseases of the teeth, gums and oral cavity.
What is the difference between a dentist and a dentist?
As already mentioned, a dentist is a medical specialist who has graduated from a higher educational medical institution ( institute, university or academy). This doctor has the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical skills, allowing him to treat almost any disease of the teeth and maxillofacial region.Unlike a dentist, a dentist is a less qualified specialist who has not graduated from a higher educational institution. Today, one can become a dentist after 3 years of study at a medical college. The competence of this specialist includes the examination of patients, the diagnosis, as well as the treatment of simple diseases of the teeth or oral cavity ( in particular, uncomplicated caries, inflammation of the oral mucosa, and so on). If a more complex pathology is identified that requires the participation of a more qualified specialist, the dentist refers the patient to the dentist.
What is the difference between a dentist and an orthodontist?
An orthodontist is engaged in the identification, diagnosis and treatment of various developmental anomalies, characterized by abnormal tooth growth or a violation of the chewing and speech apparatus, facial skeleton and oral cavity. These anomalies may be congenital ( due to various disorders of intrauterine development) or acquired, arising after the birth of a child ( in early childhood or adolescence).You should contact your orthodontist:
- With anomalies in the development of the jaw– The upper or lower jaw may be too large or small, or may have an irregular, asymmetrical shape or position.
- With the wrong arrangement of teeth in the jaws.
- With an excess or lack of teeth.
- In case of violation of the processes of appearance ( eruption), growth or development of teeth.
- When changing the shape or size of individual teeth- one or more at once.
What is the difference between a dentist and a dental technician?
Unlike a dentist, a dental technician is not a doctor, but a specialist directly involved in the manufacture of dental, maxillary or other prostheses and implants. A dental technician works in a special dental laboratory and almost never meets patients in person. All prostheses made by him are transferred to the dentist, who installs them, as well as determines the indications and contraindications for this procedure.Dentist-therapist
Therapeutic dentistry deals with the study of diseases of the teeth and oral cavity, usually not requiring surgical treatment or prosthetics.The dentist-therapist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of:
- Caries- a disease accompanied by damage to the outer parts of the tooth, their demineralization and destruction.
- Complications of caries.
- Non-carious lesions of the teeth- diseases characterized by damage to tooth enamel or other tooth structures that are not associated with the development of caries.
- Inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa- they can be traumatic develop after various injuries), infectious ( bacterial, viral, fungal) and so on.
- Periodontal lesions- a complex of tissues located around the teeth and directly involved in their fixation.
Dentist-orthopedist ( prosthetist)
Orthopedics itself deals with the study of pathological processes associated with damage to the musculoskeletal system in the human body. An orthopedic dentist is a doctor whose duties include the identification, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries of the organs of the maxillo-speech apparatus ( congenital, acquired, developed as a result of trauma, and so on). Doctors of this specialty establish indications for dental prosthetics, as well as choose the best methods and techniques for performing this procedure, which will meet the requirements of a particular patient and will not be too expensive for him.After installing a denture, the doctor explains to the patient the rules for caring for him, and also sets the dates for control consultations necessary to assess the quality and effectiveness of the procedure, as well as to identify possible complications.
Dentist-surgeon ( extractor)
Doctors in this specialty practice tooth extraction ( if there are indications for this procedure, as well as in the absence of any possibility to save a damaged tooth). They can also perform various tooth-preserving operations and procedures, perform operations on the nerves of the facial region, engage in surgical treatment of jaw injuries, and so on. If it is necessary to prosthetic any element of the maxillofacial system, the surgeon can perform the necessary preparatory procedures, after which he will refer the patient to an orthopedic dentist, who will directly install the prosthesis.Maxillofacial Surgeon
This specialist is engaged in the surgical treatment of injuries, deformities and anomalies in the development of the maxillofacial region.The competence of the maxillofacial surgeon includes:
- correction of congenital anomalies in the development of the jaw;
- correction of deformities of the upper or lower jaw;
- treatment of traumatic injuries of the jaw;
- bite correction ( position of teeth relative to each other);
- treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the face and neck;
- correction of soft tissue injuries ( muscles, ligaments) face and neck.
Children's dentist
This specialist may also specialize in the field of therapeutic or surgical dentistry ( that is, it treats the same diseases in children that can occur in adults - caries, malocclusion, developmental anomalies, and so on.). At the same time, it is worth noting that in the process of the appearance of milk teeth and their replacement with permanent ones, various disorders may occur, which, without timely and qualified intervention, can lead to the development of serious complications that require longer and more expensive treatment. That is why it is extremely important to regularly at least 2 times a year) show the child to a specialist who will be able to identify possible violations in time and prescribe adequate treatment ( conservative or surgical).Dentist-oncologist
Oncology is a science that studies the growth and development of tumors ( benign or malignant). Among dentists, there is no narrow specialist who would deal exclusively with the treatment of tumors of the maxillofacial region. Dental surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, or orthopedic dentists can identify and remove a suspicious mass ( the latter can also plan further tactics for managing the patient, including the replacement of removed tissues with prostheses). At the same time, it is worth remembering that surgical tactics for benign and malignant tumors can differ significantly, therefore, before removing any tumor-like formation, the patient should be consulted by an oncologist specializing in the treatment of head and neck tumors. After a detailed examination, he gives recommendations regarding the expected nature of the tumor, and also indicates the recommended extent of the operation.Periodontist
Periodontium is a complex of tissues that provide fixation, protection and regeneration ( recovery) teeth.Periodontium includes:
- Alveolar processes of the jaws- bony protrusions of the upper and lower jaws, in which the roots of the teeth are fixed.
- Gums- areas of the oral mucosa covering the alveolar processes of the jaws.
- Cement- a special substance that covers the root of the tooth, located in the alveolar process.
- Periodontium- a special tissue located between the cementum and the alveolar process of the jaw and providing their blood supply and regeneration ( update, restoration).
Dentist-gnathologist
Gnathology is a very narrow area in dentistry that studies the functions and pathologies of the temporomandibular joint ( providing fixation and movement of the lower jaw, that is, the processes of speech, chewing food), as well as teeth and masticatory muscles. All of these structures are closely interconnected, as a result of which the defeat of any of them will certainly lead to a disruption in the functioning of the joint itself and will cause digestive disorders ( due to improper chewing of food), speech defects and so on.A gnathologist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of all pathologies that affect the temporomandibular joint ( including damage to the chewing muscles, anomalies in the development or deformation of the teeth, lower jaw, and so on).
Reasons for contacting a gnatologist may include:
- pain in the chewing muscles;
- pain in the ears when chewing;
- "Crunch" or "clicks" in the area of the temporomandibular joint;
- "jamming" of the jaw when opening the mouth ( e.g. while yawning);
- pain in the temporomandibular joint when chewing or talking.
aesthetic ( cosmetic) dentist
A fairly popular area of dentistry today is cosmetic dentistry, the purpose of which is to correct the shape, location and color of teeth, as well as decorate them in various ways.A cosmetic dentist can:
- correct bite;
- change ( reestablish) color of teeth;
- change the shape of the teeth;
- change the size of the teeth;
- decorate the teeth with gems or tattoos);
- perform dental prosthetics.
Dentist-implantologist
This specialist deals with the correction of dental defects by replacing the affected teeth with artificial implants. When examining a patient, the doctor carefully examines the dentition, bite and other features of the maxillofacial region, after which he selects and develops the optimal method for correcting existing defects ( e.g. replacement of an extracted tooth). After that, an implant of the required shape and size is made ( manufactured by a dental technician) and then install it. After the procedure, the doctor monitors the patient's condition for several days in order to detect possible complications early ( e.g. infections in the implant site).Dental hygienist
The competence of this specialist includes maintaining oral hygiene, namely cleaning the teeth. The importance of this specialty is explained by the fact that failure to comply with hygienic measures, malnutrition and accumulation of plaque on the teeth can lead to bad breath, to the development of caries, and later to damage to the deep structures of the tooth, which can cause its complete destruction and loss ( or removal). The dental hygienist conducts early detection and elimination of risk factors that can lead to the development of these pathologies, thereby reducing the risk of their occurrence.A dental hygienist can:
- remove plaque;
- remove tartar;
- restore strength ( perform remineralization a) tooth enamel;
- perform conservative treatment of uncomplicated periodontitis;
- identify malocclusion, periodontal disease or other tooth structures and refer the patient to the appropriate specialist.
What diseases does the dentist treat?
As follows from the above, dentists treat diseases of the teeth, gums and other structures of the oral cavity. dental diseases ( caries, flux, pulpitis, malocclusion, endodontic lesions, toothache)
Dental disease is one of the most common problems of middle-aged and elderly people. It is also worth noting that many adolescents seek to correct various congenital anomalies of the maxillofacial region ( for cosmetic purposes).A dentist can diagnose and treat:
- caries. As mentioned earlier, caries is characterized by a violation of the mineralization of the hard tissues of the tooth, which leads to its softening and destruction. In the early stages of the disease, when the carious process affects the surface layers of tooth enamel ( upper hard coating of the tooth), there are no symptoms ( except for a small brown speck in the affected area). In the later stages, when the pathological process extends deep into the tooth and affects its nervous apparatus, severe pain may appear ( aggravated by hot or cold food), bad breath and so on. Treatment of the early stages of caries consists in removing the altered tissues, after which the dentist seals the resulting recess in the dental tissue. In the later stages, when the nerve apparatus of the tooth is destroyed, it may be necessary to completely remove it with filling of the nerve canals, which is performed by a dental surgeon.
- flux. This term refers to an infectious and inflammatory lesion of the periodontium, which also captures the gum tissue and jaw bones. This pathology is manifested by severe throbbing pain, swelling and swelling of soft tissues ( gums, lips) in the affected area, violation of the processes of chewing and speech. With the progression of the pathology, systemic signs of infection may appear ( fever, fever, general weakness). The prognosis for this pathology is very serious - without timely treatment ( prescribing antibiotics, opening a purulent focus, and so on) the spread of infection to neighboring tissues and organs is possible.
- Eating disorders. As mentioned earlier, bite is the location of a person's teeth with fully closed jaws. Under normal conditions, when the jaws are closed, the upper and lower teeth are in contact with each other in a certain way, which ensures an even distribution of the load on them. In case of malocclusion ( congenital or acquired) the load on some teeth is too large, as a result of which their deformation or even loss is possible. Correcting an overbite is easiest in childhood ( when the teeth are still growing), so dentists do not recommend delaying the solution of this issue. At the same time, modern technologies are used today ( braces - special metal plates that are installed on the teeth for a certain period of time, surgical methods and so on), which allow you to correct the bite in almost any person ( It should be noted that in adults, treatment is longer, labor-intensive and expensive.).
- Pulpitis. This term refers to inflammation of the pulp - the internal substance of the tooth containing blood vessels and nerve endings. Damage to the nerve endings is accompanied by a pronounced pain syndrome, and the pain is acute in nature, may be aggravated by eating ( especially hot or cold) or at night. To treat pulpitis, your dentist may prescribe anti-inflammatory and antibacterial medications to help relieve pain and fight infection ( which is the main cause of the development of the disease). At the same time, if conservative therapy is ineffective, the dentist can remove the tooth pulp, and fill the resulting cavity with a filling. Also, an extremely important stage of treatment is the elimination of all foci of infection in the oral cavity ( refers to carious processes, tartar and so on), as they can lead to damage to the pulp of other teeth.
- Toothache. As follows from the above, toothache can be accompanied by various pathologies in which the dental pulp is affected ( caries, pulpitis, flux and so on). In addition, this symptom can be observed with damage to the trigeminal nerve ( innervating teeth). Burning, throbbing pains in this case can occur without any external influences, last for several minutes and then also spontaneously disappear. An important point in this case is the spread of pain to other areas innervated by the same nerve ( i.e. in the area of the face). If this pathology is detected, the dentist can involve other specialists in the treatment process - a neuropathologist, neurologist, maxillofacial surgeon ( if the trigeminal nerve is compressed by tumors or foreign bodies, surgical treatment may be required).
gum disease ( periodontitis, periodontal disease)
A dentist can treat infectious, inflammatory and other gum diseases.Dentist treats:
- Superficial periodontitis ( gingivitis). The disease is manifested by swelling, redness and soreness in the affected area of the gums. In this case, the doctor recommends that the patient rinse his mouth with antiseptic solutions ( saline, soda), which leads to a cure within a few days. In more severe cases, antibiotics may be prescribed. With the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment and with the spread of the purulent process to neighboring tissues, the dentist performs surgical treatment ( opens and removes the source of infection).
- Deep periodontitis. If this pathology is detected, the dentist first prescribes conservative treatment ( rinsing the mouth with saline or soda, the use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, and so on), and in the absence of effect and with the spread of the infectious process, it performs surgical removal of the focus of infection.
- Periodontitis. This is a non-inflammatory lesion of periodontal tissues, in which they become thinner and destroyed. At the same time, the dental processes of the jaw decrease, which over time leads to the exposure of the neck of the tooth, the appearance of itching or burning in the affected area, and in severe stages - to increased mobility or even to tooth loss. For the treatment of periodontal disease, the doctor prescribes various drugs that increase regenerative ( restorative) the ability of the periodontium ( fibroblasts, stem cells and so on).
Diseases of the mouth ( stomatitis, cheilitis, glossalgia)
The inflammatory process can affect the mucous membrane of the mouth or tongue, and can also spread to the gums, contributing to the development of gingivitis. For all of these pathologies, you may need to consult a dentist.The dentist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of:
- Stomatitis. With this pathology, the oral mucosa is covered with small whitish-gray sores, which are usually painful. Sometimes a white or gray coating may be observed in the area of the sore. The mucous membrane immediately adjacent to the sore may be inflamed, reddened and swollen. The causes of this pathology have not been finally established, but it is believed that the main role in its development is played by the reaction of the immune system to any foreign agents ( infectious microorganisms, mechanical irritants and so on). In most cases, stomatitis resolves on its own within 2 to 5 days. With a protracted course of the disease, as well as with frequent relapses ( repeated exacerbations) the dentist recommends that the patient rinse his mouth with antiseptic solutions several times a day.
- Cheilit. This term refers to a pathological condition in which a person's lips are affected. The affected red border of the lips turns pale, becomes dull, dry, wrinkled, sometimes it can be covered with dense yellowish crusts. Also, transverse cracks are observed throughout the affected area. The cause of the disease can be various hypovitaminosis ( conditions accompanied by a deficiency of vitamins in the body), oral infections, allergic reactions, and so on. To prescribe the correct treatment, the dentist must first identify the exact cause of the pathology, and then direct all efforts to eliminate it ( for this, multivitamin preparations, antimicrobial, antiallergic and other drugs are prescribed).
- Glossalgia. It is characterized by soreness or burning in the area of the tip or edges of the tongue, occurring without any visible damage to its mucous membrane. The cause of the development of the disease may be chronic injuries of the tongue ( e.g. after improper filling of teeth), careless medical manipulations, taking certain medications, and so on. When making a diagnosis of "glossalgia", the dentist should direct all efforts to identify the cause of this pathology and to eliminate it. Symptomatic treatment may include the use of physiotherapy, herbal infusions and other techniques to reduce pain in the tongue.
Inflammation of the salivary glands
Salivary glands ( and a person has 6 pieces - 2 sublingual, 2 submandibular and 2 parotid) provide the production of saliva, which enters the oral cavity and provides moisture to its mucous membrane, takes part in the process of digestion of food, and also performs protective functions ( has antibacterial activity).The cause of inflammation of these glands is most often the penetration of infectious agents into them ( in case of injury, in case of non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, and so on). At the same time, an inflammatory process develops in the tissues of the gland, which leads to a violation of its function. This condition is manifested by dry mouth ( due to a decrease in the amount of saliva produced), stabbing or arching pains, swelling and redness of the skin in the area of the inflamed gland ( which can lead to facial deformity), the appearance of bad breath and so on.
Before prescribing treatment, the dentist must determine the cause of inflammation of the gland. If the disease is caused by a bacterial infection, antibacterial drugs are prescribed, for a viral infection, antiviral agents are used, and so on. At the same time, do not forget about anti-inflammatory, analgesic and other medicines designed to alleviate the patient's condition.
With timely started and properly conducted treatment, conservative therapy is enough for a complete cure. At the same time, in advanced cases ( when pus begins to accumulate in the affected gland) may require surgical treatment ( opening the focus of infection, removing pus and washing the resulting cavity with antiseptic solutions).
How is a dentist appointment?
During the consultation, the doctor asks the patient about the circumstances of the onset of the disease, as well as about its course and previously used methods of treatment. After that, the dentist examines the patient's oral cavity, establishing an accurate diagnosis ( in some cases, this may require additional instrumental studies). After making a diagnosis, the doctor provides the patient with detailed information about his disease, as well as possible treatments. Then, having received the consent of the patient, the dentist proceeds to perform therapeutic measures. What symptoms should you see a dentist for?
As mentioned earlier, the dentist treats diseases of the teeth, oral cavity and maxillofacial region. Therefore, any violation of the functions of these organs may serve as a reason for contacting this specialist.Reasons to visit a dentist may include:
- toothache;
- bad breath ( persisting for a long time);
- discoloration of teeth;
- the appearance of dark spots on the teeth;
- burning or itching in the mouth;
- pathological mobility ( unsteadiness) teeth;
- tooth loss;
- deformation of the teeth;
- irregular shape of teeth;
- incorrect position of the teeth;
- the appearance of ulcers on the oral mucosa;
- lip damage;
- jaw pain ( accompanied by toothache) and so on.
Dental services paid or free ( under the policy)?
According to the current legislation, there is a whole list of dental services that can be provided absolutely free of charge to all patients who have a compulsory health insurance policy.Free dental services include:
- Patient consultations- in order to identify pathological processes and make a diagnosis.
- Doctor's home visit- in the event that the patient cannot independently ( or with someone's help) move around.
- Treatment of dental diseases- caries, pulpitis.
- Treatment of gum disease- gingivitis, periodontitis.
- Treatment of diseases of the oral cavity.
- Extraction of teeth- if there are medical indications for this manipulation.
- Treatment of traumatic injuries- for example, reduction of dislocations of the lower jaw.
- Some Research– radiography of the jaw and teeth, physiotherapy procedures.
Paid dental services are cosmetic surgeries, as well as procedures performed at the request of the patient ( such as teeth decoration, teeth whitening and so on). It is also worth noting that in addition to public medical institutions, dental services today can be provided in many private medical centers, offices or hospitals. In this case, almost all services, medicines and procedures are paid.
Do I need to make an appointment to see a dentist at a clinic?
To visit a dentist in a clinic, you must first make an appointment with him. In case of acute pathology requiring urgent medical attention ( for example, with the development of a purulent-inflammatory process in the gum area, accompanied by systemic manifestations of infection, with trauma to the maxillofacial region, and so on) the patient should call an ambulance or go to the nearest hospital on their own, where they will then invite a dentist for a consultation ( if necessary).What should you do before going to the dentist?
Before a scheduled visit to the dentist, you should follow a number of simple recommendations that will make the upcoming consultation as effective and enjoyable as possible for both the patient and the doctor.- Brush your teeth. This is a simple rule, which, however, not all patients remember. It is important to remember that the presence of food debris or plaque between the teeth can significantly complicate the diagnosis. That's why before going to the dentist ( just before leaving the house) it is recommended to brush your teeth with toothpaste. An exception may be those cases when the patient experiences severe pain in the area of the tooth, gums or oral cavity. In this case, you can simply rinse your mouth several times with antiseptic solutions ( saline solution, soda solution), which must first be warmed up to body temperature ( using fluids that are too cold or hot can make the pain worse).
- Refuse to take alcohol. It is not recommended to drink alcohol the day before, as well as on the day of visiting the dentist. The fact is that alcohol increases the permeability of tooth enamel, which can increase the pain syndrome and cause diagnostic errors.
- Eat. This item is extremely important, especially if a tooth extraction or other traumatic manipulation is planned. The fact is that after some procedures, the doctor may prohibit the patient from eating for several hours. If before this the patient is hungry, he may experience dizziness and general weakness associated with a lack of sugar and energy. This is why a light breakfast is recommended before visiting the dentist.
What tools does the dentist use?
In the arsenal of the dentist there are many different tools necessary for diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations.Dental tools include:
- Dental mirror. A small round mirror attached to a long and curved handle. Allows the doctor to view the inner surfaces of the teeth and gums.
- Pointed probe. It is a thin curved needle fixed on a thicker handle. It is used to determine the depth of tooth damage by a carious process, to identify various deposits on the teeth, and so on.
- Dental excavator. It is a small metal rod with pointed ends, bent at a certain angle. It is used to remove destroyed tissues and food debris from the carious cavity and from hard-to-reach places.
- Extraction elevator. Special tool consisting of a handle and a flattened tip. Used when removing the root of a tooth.
- Dental chisel. With its help, protruding areas of bone tissue are removed, and carious cavities are also treated.
- Tooth extraction forceps.
- Drill. This is a special apparatus, to the handle of which a rapidly rotating tip is attached. It is used to clean carious cavities and prepare them for filling. It is worth noting that today standard drills are being replaced by modern devices in which a jet of air under high pressure is used to clean carious cavities. This method is no less effective than a drill, but it avoids the discomfort associated with drilling a tooth.
- Oral irrigator. A special device that creates a thin jet of water, released under high pressure. It is used for washing various parts of the teeth or oral cavity.
- Dental instruments. This is a set of devices used by a dental technician to make prostheses.
What does the dentist do when examining the oral cavity?
As mentioned earlier, after a thorough questioning of the patient, the dentist proceeds to examine the oral cavity. To do this, he asks the patient to tilt his head back and open his mouth as wide as possible.When examining the oral cavity, the doctor evaluates:
- Mucosal condition. Focuses of redness, swelling or ulceration in the area of the mucous membrane of the lips, cheeks, tongue are purposefully detected.
- Gum condition. Their color and structure, the presence or absence of visible bleeding or damage, foci of inflammation, and so on are evaluated. If necessary, the doctor can lightly press on the gum with a metal instrument in order to detect increased bleeding.
- The size and shape of the teeth.
- Condition of the teeth. With the help of a dental mirror, absolutely all teeth are examined from all sides in a certain sequence. First, the doctor examines the teeth of the upper jaw ( from right to left), and then the teeth of the lower jaw ( from left to right). This evaluates the color of the tooth, the presence of dark spots, carious lesions, thinning of tooth enamel, the presence of plaque, fixation of the tooth in the alveolar process of the jaw, and so on. When identifying "suspicious" teeth, the doctor can slightly press on them, thereby trying to identify pathological mobility.
How do dentists count teeth?
When examining the oral cavity and counting the number of teeth in a patient, dentists use special charts designed to facilitate the process of diagnosis and recording data. In order to understand the principle of their work, you need to know the names and locations of the teeth.An adult normally has 32 teeth ( 16 on the upper jaw and 16 on the lower), and they are arranged symmetrically.
The dentition of each jaw consists of:
- Central incisors- two front flat teeth.
- Lateral incisors- located on the sides of the central ones.
- Klykov- located on the sides of the lateral incisors.
- premolars- wider teeth located on the sides of the canines ( two on each side).
- molars- located on the sides of the premolars, 3 on each side.
Why does a dentist prescribe an x-ray?
X-ray examination is indispensable in the practice of a dentist, as it allows you to obtain accurate information about the bone structures of interest to the doctor - about teeth, jaws, and so on. This may be required both at the stage of diagnosis and during the treatment of certain diseases.In dentistry, x-rays are prescribed:
- To study the position of the teeth. In this case, a panoramic x-ray of the teeth is used ( orthopantomogram). To obtain such a picture, the patient needs to approach a specially designed apparatus and fix the chin on a special stand. After that, the x-ray machine will slowly move around the patient's head, forming an image of all teeth, jaws and temporomandibular joints. Such a study allows you to identify anomalies in the location of the teeth, the wrong direction of their growth, pathological changes in the region of the mandibular joint, in the jaw bones, and so on.
- To evaluate the work done. When removing and subsequent filling the tooth, it is extremely important that the canals of all the roots of the tooth are tightly closed during the filling process ( which molars can have 2, 4 or even 5), as otherwise complications may develop. To confirm the quality of the procedure performed, the doctor, after filling, sends the patient to X-ray, indicating in the direction which particular tooth needs to be examined. In the radiology room, the radiologist gives the patient a small film that should be applied to the tooth being examined ( from the inside) and press it with your tongue. Next, the doctor passes X-rays through the tooth, as a result of which all bone canals, filling material and other radiopaque structures are displayed on the film.
- To detect traumatic injuries of the jaws or bones of the facial skeleton. Most relevant in maxillofacial surgery.
What tests can a dentist order?
In the daily practice of a dentist, no laboratory tests are required. The need for them appears when the patient is scheduled to perform a surgical operation. In this case, he must pass a series of tests to determine the general condition of the body, as well as the state of its individual systems.Before the operation, you must submit:
- General blood analysis. Contains data on the number of red blood cells ( erythrocytes) and hemoglobin, the respiratory pigment that transports oxygen in the body. If these indicators decrease below an acceptable level, the operation cannot be performed.
- Blood chemistry. Allows you to assess the condition of the kidneys, liver and blood coagulation system, which is extremely important during surgery.
- General urine analysis. It is prescribed to study the excretory function of the kidneys.
Why does my jaw hurt after visiting the dentist?
Many patients after visiting the dentist may experience pain in the temporomandibular joint area, which is aggravated while chewing food or talking. This is especially true if the dentist performed any long-term medical manipulations, and not just examined the oral cavity. The reason for this phenomenon lies in the structure of this joint.The temporomandibular joint consists of the articular surfaces of two bones ( temporal bone and mandible), which are surrounded by a special capsule at the junction. Also in the joint area there are several ligaments fixing it. When performing medical procedures ( e.g. when filling a tooth) the patient is forced to keep his mouth wide open for a long time. In this case, the articular head of the lower jaw is displaced, accompanied by tension of the ligaments. In some cases ( especially with malocclusion) a long stay in this position can lead to microtraumatization of the tissues and ligaments of the joint, which will manifest itself in the development of an inflammatory process in them. The resulting tissue edema will compress the articular structures, and the inflammatory mediators released from the blood will contribute to the appearance of pain and their intensification during any movements in the joint.
As a rule, this condition does not require specific treatment and usually resolves on its own within 1 to 2 days. At the same time, with severe pain, you can take painkillers ( for example, nimesil). If after 2-3 days the pain does not subside, you should consult your doctor.
Can I call a dentist at home?
Patients who cannot visit the clinic on their own can call a dentist for free at home ( e.g. disabled people unable to move). In this case, they must have a compulsory health insurance policy. When calling a dentist from a private medical institution, the consultation will be paid.When visiting a patient at home, the doctor can carry out almost all diagnostic measures ( with the exception of X-ray examination and laboratory tests), make a diagnosis and tell the patient about the methods of treating his disease. At the same time, it will be extremely difficult to perform any medical procedures at home, since this doctor usually requires special tools.
How often do you need to visit the dentist for prophylaxis?
All patients, regardless of gender, age and lifestyle, are advised to visit the dentist for preventive purposes at least 2 times a year. During the consultation, the doctor will be able to identify any pathological changes in the tooth enamel in the early stages of development, which will quickly and painlessly eliminate them. If preventive visits to the dentist are neglected, the existing pathological processes will eventually spread to deeper layers of dental tissue, which can lead to its complete destruction. Treatment in this case will be longer, laborious and expensive.Should I visit the dentist during pregnancy?
It is best to visit a dentist and resolve all dental and oral health problems before pregnancy. This is explained by the fact that with the onset of pregnancy in the female body, certain hormonal and metabolic changes begin to occur, one of the manifestations of which is a decrease in immunity activity ( body's defense system responsible for fighting infections). That is why during this period of time the risk of developing any infectious and inflammatory disease increases, in particular pulpitis, stomatitis, caries, periodontitis, and so on. At the same time, any of these pathologies during pregnancy can be complicated by infection of the deep tissues of the tooth, as well as the spread of infection to the jaw tissue and the appearance of systemic signs of an inflammatory process, which can have an extremely negative impact on the condition of the unborn fetus.Given the above, it becomes clear why pregnant women are advised to visit the dentist at least 4 times ( every 2 months of pregnancy). In this case, the doctor will be able to identify any pathological changes in the teeth at the earliest stage of development, when the treatment does not require much effort and is not associated with the introduction of large doses of medicines into the body of the expectant mother.
What procedures does the dentist perform?
The modern dentist's office has all the necessary equipment to perform basic medical procedures. Once a correct diagnosis has been made, the doctor can begin treatment immediately if the patient agrees to do so. Does the dentist perform anesthesia ( anesthesia)?
When it comes to a visit to the dentist, and especially about any medical manipulations ( such as filling or removing a tooth), the first thing most patients are interested in is will they feel pain? It should be noted right away that at the current stage of the development of medicine, almost all dental procedures are performed with anesthesia. When filling a tooth or other similar manipulations, local anesthesia is performed by introducing an anesthetic solution into the mucous membrane of the gums ( lidocaine or novocaine). These drugs temporarily block the nerve endings at the injection site, as a result of which the patient feels absolutely nothing. It is also worth noting that sometimes special sprays can be used for pain relief ( they are usually used in children, as an injection of local anesthetic into the gum can cause them fear and panic).For more extensive operations, local anesthesia can also be used, and if necessary, general anesthesia can be applied ( when the patient falls asleep during the operation, does not feel pain, and after waking up does not remember anything).
In the postoperative period, anesthesia is also carried out with the help of various painkillers, which is why you should not be afraid of pain during a visit to the dentist.
Sanitation of the oral cavity at the dentist
This term implies a set of measures carried out regularly throughout the patient's life and consisting in the early detection and treatment of any diseases of the teeth or oral cavity - timely treatment of periodontitis, removal of plaque, filling of carious cavities, removal of tartar, bite correction and so on.The main goal of all the described measures is to prevent the development of complications that will certainly occur with the long-term progression of any pathological process in the oral cavity. This technique is justified both from the point of view of health ( early treatment of diseases allows you to maintain healthy teeth and prevent traumatic interventions in the future), and from a financial point of view ( the earlier the pathology is detected, the easier it is to eliminate it and the less funds are required for this).
Dental cleaning at the dentist
Plaque forms on the teeth almost constantly and is an accumulation of bacteria. These bacteria multiply on the surface of the teeth, while releasing various waste products. This leads to the appearance of bad breath, as well as an increase in the thickness of plaque. With time ( insufficiently frequent and high-quality brushing of teeth) plaque can mineralize, attaching tightly to the dental tissue. In this case, only a dentist can remove it using special techniques.A dentist can remove plaque with:
- jets of air- plaque is destroyed under the action of an air jet containing microcrystals of soda or another substance.
- ultrasound– ultrasonic waves destroy pathogenic bacteria and contribute to the destruction of plaque.
- laser- a modern method that allows you to remove any plaque, even in the most inaccessible places.
Teeth whitening
Today, the teeth whitening procedure has become very popular among all the word of the population. There are also several whitening methods that differ in duration of use and cost, but they all give approximately the same positive result.Teeth whitening can be done:
- By chemical means. Special chemicals are used e.g. hydrogen peroxide), with which you need to treat your teeth according to a certain method for several weeks.
- By ultrasonic method. With the help of ultrasound, yellowish plaque is destroyed, which returns the teeth to their former white color.
- With the help of photobleaching. The essence of the procedure is to treat the teeth with hydrogen peroxide, followed by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which speeds up the whitening process.
- Laser method. It is the most effective way to achieve a positive result within a minimum period of time.
When does a dentist place a filling?
Tooth filling is performed in the treatment of caries, which destroys a certain part of the dental tissue. In this case, the destroyed tissues are removed, the walls of the cavity formed in the tooth are thoroughly cleaned, after which a filling substance is placed in it ( in the form of a paste). After a few minutes, this paste hardens and becomes no less dense than the dental tissue itself. This technique helps to prevent the further spread of the carious process, as well as the penetration of bacteria into the carious cavity and the spread of infection. In addition, the installation of a filling prevents tooth decay after removal of a carious focus.What material are dental fillings made of?
Today, a variety of substances are used as a filling material, which differ from each other in their properties and qualities.The seal can be made:
- from gold;
- from amalgam;
- from plastics;
- from ceramics;
- from special cement;
- from porcelain;
- composite material and so on.
Dental prosthetics
This procedure is prescribed for patients who, for one reason or another, have lost one or more teeth. The essence of the method is to replace missing teeth with prostheses that would not be inferior in shape, size and function to real ones.Dentures can be:
- Fixed. In this case, the prosthesis is installed once, after which the patient cannot independently remove or replace it. This group of prostheses includes dental crowns, veneers ( special plates that replace the outer layer of the teeth), dental implants.
- Removable. In this case, prostheses are used, which the patient can remove if necessary. This group includes plate prostheses ( consist of special plates on which artificial teeth are attached), clasp prostheses ( are artificial teeth attached to an artificial gum) and so on. Such prostheses cost much less than permanent ones, but they can cause certain inconveniences to the patient.
Installation of a dental crown
This is the most common form of fixed prosthetics, which allows you to quickly, efficiently and inexpensively eliminate existing defects. The essence of the procedure is that on a specially prepared ( sharpened) the tooth is put on ( glued) ceramic-metal crown ( which is made by a dental technician after taking impressions from the patient's dentition). According to external characteristics, this crown practically does not differ from an ordinary tooth, and thanks to the metal frame and ceramic coating, it is much more durable. Such a crown can serve for several decades, while practically not requiring any special care.Which dentist puts braces?
Braces are a special metal structure designed to correct an overbite and to correct ( alignment) of the dentition. The orthodontist is engaged in identifying indications, installing, removing and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment with braces.Braces are attached to the patient's teeth for a certain period of time ( for several months), putting pressure on the teeth more specifically and thereby helping to align them. It is worth noting that today braces are made from many different materials, but the severity of their therapeutic effect is the same. The difference lies only in the aesthetic component, which is important for some patients ( given the fact that they need to be worn without taking off for several months in a row).
Braces can be made:
- from metal;
- from gold;
- from plastic;
- from ceramics;
- from sapphire ( transparent and almost invisible on the teeth).
Restoration of teeth
This technique is similar to tooth filling, however, at the same time, it differs significantly. Tooth restoration is used if the existing defect ( carious cavity) is located on the front, outward-facing surface. A conventional filling in this case will be noticeable, which will immediately catch the eye of others and may create certain problems for the patient ( female patients).The essence of the restoration is that the dentist selects a special material for filling, which is given the same color as the patient's normal teeth. After filling the resulting cavity, the dentist grinds and polishes the filling to such an extent that it is almost impossible to distinguish it from real dental tissue in terms of shape, size, color and functions.
What are the parts of the mantle and core?
Undelivered balance Penalty for non-delivery of income tax
Lesson summary "Countries of Southern Europe
Why are the nineties called 'dashing'?
Revelations of the killer Lesha the Soldier: “I made a personal pact with death