Is an ovarian cyst required for surgery? Do I need to remove an ovarian cyst? How is ovarian cyst removal performed?

The date: 16.04.2019

The choice of method of therapy for ovarian cysts is determined by the type of cyst, the risk of its degeneration into malignant tumor, the age of the patient and the need to preserve the function of reproduction, the presence and severity of clinical symptoms.

Drug treatment of ovarian cysts without surgery - is treatment with folk remedies effective?

Conservative treatment is possible if the cyst is functional and there are no pronounced clinical manifestations. Drug therapy for ovarian cysts consists of taking vitamins and oral contraceptives taken for 2-3 menstrual cycles. This treatment can reduce the size of the cyst. If the cyst is accompanied by pain, pain medications are prescribed. As an addition to drug therapy, acupuncture is prescribed, folk remedies can be used.

The course of herbal treatment is 1 month.

If there is no effect from the treatment of ovarian cysts with medicines, it is indicated surgery. Dermoid, mucinous, endometrioid ovarian cysts are subject to removal. Also, before a planned pregnancy, it is recommended to remove the cyst due to the high risk of torsion of its legs.

How to remove a cyst on the ovary - stages of the operation

Surgery for ovarian cysts

With an ovarian cyst in a patient young age cystectomy or wedge resection of the ovary is performed. In women in menopause to prevent malignant neoplasms, removal of the ovaries with appendages is indicated.

AT recent times with an ovarian cyst, the laparoscopic method of removing the cyst is most often used. Abdominal surgery is performed with malignant neoplasms in the ovaries.

Let's name the main stages of laparoscopic removal of an ovarian cyst

An incision is made in the abdomen and gas is injected.
Next, small incisions are made into which trocars are inserted - hollow tubes.
Operating instruments and a laparoscope with a camera are inserted into the trocars, the image from which is fed to the monitor.
The discovered cyst is pierced, fluid is pumped out of it. The dormant cyst is cut off and removed from the abdominal cavity.

How is an ovarian cyst removed? Video can be found on the Internet

Possible consequences and complications - rehabilitation in the postoperative period

Possible complications after surgical treatment:

damage blood vessels and bleeding;
hematoma and seroma formation;
infectious complication;
injury internal organs trocars.

Duration rehabilitation period after spaying depends on the type surgical intervention. The first day is bed rest. After laparoscopic surgery, you can get up and walk on the second day. Meals during the week - semi-liquid food. AT postoperative period antibacterial and analgesic drugs are prescribed. Removal of sutures - in a week. In the first two weeks after the operation, hygiene procedures are limited to washing in the shower, followed by the treatment of surgical wounds with an antiseptic.

Reviews of women about the treatment and removal of ovarian cysts

I had an ovarian cyst, I dragged it out for a long time. But I decided on laparoscopic surgery. Now I can say that there is nothing to worry about, after the operation there is no resuscitation, immediately to the department. The main thing is that the anesthesia is good, I did without hallucinations, nausea and other things. Now there are only three small scars on my stomach.

A month ago I had a cyst on my left ovary. Was sharp pain, nausea and heat. They called an ambulance. The operation was performed urgently, abdominal. They did a resection, the ovary was saved. The anesthesia was very well tolerated. I got up and started walking on the second day, after a few days I started eating as usual. The seam was made cosmetic, already inconspicuous. Discharged from the hospital on the 8th day, prescribed regulon. Six months later, cancel, get pregnant recommended. We had sex three weeks after the operation.

The jaw cyst or cyst of the tooth manifests itself in the form of an inflammatory formation that affects the soft tissues around the teeth. This formation is a capsule filled with purulent contents.

The disease develops as a result of infection of damaged areas of the gums.

More recently, get rid of jaw cyst The only way to do this was to have the tooth removed. But the development of technologies, including medical ones, does not stand still and today it has become possible cyst treatment without removal.

Tooth cyst: symptoms and causes

The cyst of the tooth has hidden symptoms and at first practically does not manifest itself. However, in most cases, the disease can still be diagnosed in a timely manner.

Primary and secondary symptoms

A tooth cyst occurs as a result of infection (for example, with poor-quality filling of the dental canal) or traumatic impact. Often the disease develops against the background of recurring sinusitis and sinusitis. So initial stage diseases can be detected only on condition of a visit to the clinic and an x-ray.

At first, the patient has only discomfort when biting on hard foods or chewing food. However, primary symptoms may not exist at all.

After some time, there are pains in the area of the affected tooth, which are of a periodic nature. The tooth becomes very sensitive to everything cold and hot. Also, pain syndrome appears when eating solid food and sweets. However, in the future, pain sensations disappear and the patient calms down, and meanwhile the disease flows into the last acute stage often requiring surgical intervention.

Signs of an acute stage

The patient experiences acute pain, often against the background of a weakened immune system. Provoke the development of the inflammatory process can be such factors as the recurrence of chronic pathologies of internal systems and organs, the use of aggressive medicines, as well as transferred diseases of an infectious nature.

Among the prominent characteristic features tooth cysts are as follows:

These symptoms are typical for last stage cyst development.

Is it possible to identify a tooth cyst on your own?

Patients who very infrequently visit the dentist's office and do not want to go preventive examination every 3-6 months, should more carefully monitor the condition of the oral cavity. After all, the development of a cyst can be triggered by poorly healed or untreated caries.

Therefore, to prevent the disease, you should pay attention to the following signs:

Headaches that are intermittent;
slight displacement of the affected tooth;
partial loss of the filling, which is often accompanied by a breakaway of the bone tissue;
slight discomfort during chewing (especially solid foods);
darkening of the tooth.

Features of the disease associated with its symptoms

The main feature of the appearance of a cyst is its slow growth. Therefore, the initial signs can occur only after the destruction of the root system of the tooth and jaw tissues has begun. A slight displacement of the tooth and its darkening appear already when the size of the formation reaches 2-3 cm. The larger the formation, the more pronounced the symptoms.

Often the patient complains of an increase in the lymph nodes, mistakenly considering this a sign of some infectious or endocrine disease. Frequent colds weakness, sleep disturbances, chronic fatigue- the presence of these factors, seemingly unrelated to dentistry, should serve as a basis for visiting the dentist. After all external signs diseases - fistula, flux, as well as edema and suppuration indicate a very large size of the formation.

If you find yourself with the above symptoms, do not expect the disease to disappear on its own and do not self-medicate. In this case, you should contact your dentist as soon as possible for timely treatment.

Causes

A tooth cyst appears as a result of injury or infection in root canals . The development of a cyst may be due to the following reasons:

Complication of chronic sinusitis;
poor endodontic treatment;
complications during the eruption of the wisdom tooth;
chronic periodontitis;
chronic inflammatory processes under the crown;
effects infectious diseases, in which harmful microorganisms penetrate the gums along with the bloodstream.

Tooth cyst: treatment

Can a cyst be treated without tooth extraction?

Treatment of a cyst can be carried out in two ways: therapeutic and surgical. conservative, that is drug treatment possible only with the timely detection of the disease at an early stage. This method is used for small formations (up to 8 mm.).

Conservative treatment

Therapeutic treatment of cysts consists of procedures such as treatment antiseptics, tooth cleaning and filling. Alternative option conservative treatment is the use of depophoresis. In this case, the root canal is introduced copper-calcium suspension, after which the dentist, using a special apparatus, acts on the affected tooth electric shock(at low power).

In some cases, with the development of a cyst, antibiotics can be prescribed, but only as an auxiliary method of treatment, the task of which is to prevent the development of the pathological process and its further spread. Antibiotics cannot be used as the only and independent method of treatment, since in principle there is no drug that provides complete disposal of the cyst without the participation of a dentist.

A small cyst found on early stages can be treated conservatively.

The dentist fills the capsule with a special cement composition, and as additional method treatment prescribes antibiotics, which allows you to stop or prevent the development of a purulent process.

Stages of therapeutic tooth treatment:

opening the affected tooth and expanding the root canals;
channel processing disinfectants and blocking the lesion;
etching of cyst tissues with medical means;
filling the formation cavity with a special filler;
tooth filling.

Surgical treatment: is it possible to remove the cyst?

If a therapeutic manipulations did not give the desired result and education continues to grow and develop, surgical treatment is used, which in no case should be abandoned. Is it possible to remove a cyst while preserving the tooth itself?

Upon reaching the cyst significant size, it must be removed. Remarkably, relatively recently this was possible only after the removal of a diseased tooth, however, now there are a number of ways to get rid of a cyst without the use of radical methods.

Due to the fact that the removal of the cyst is carried out under the influence of local anesthesia, the patient almost does not feel pain. With a complicated course of the inflammatory process ( complete destruction tooth, up to the root system or the germination of dental roots inside the cyst), an operation is performed to remove the formation along with the tooth. In other cases, dentists make attempts to save the tooth.

There are the following ways surgical removal of the cyst:

cystotomy;
cystectomy;
hemisection.

Which of these methods is suitable for a particular patient is decided by the dental surgeon.

Cystotomy

This method of treating cysts has been used in dentistry for a long time. To perform the operation, the doctor carefully removes the part of the cyst that is near the tooth root through the root canal. Since the formation is located deep in the soft tissues, the root canal must be thoroughly cleaned, after which the dental nerve is removed.

Having provided open access to education, the dentist pumps out all the liquid from the cavity. This method does not completely get rid of harmful microorganisms, which makes it necessary to use an antibacterial ointment.

After filling the channel with a special solution, temporary filling is placed.

After about a week, the patient's oral cavity is re-examined and the cleanliness of the removal of the affected cells is checked, after which a permanent filling is placed. The use of cystotomy allows you to save the tooth.

However, despite high efficiency this method, there is a risk of remission. This is what happens in case of incomplete treatment.

Cystectomy

Compared to the previous method, this method is more complex, but no less effective. Such an operation is performed only in case of a severe complication, when there is a huge risk of tooth loss, but there is still a chance to save it.

With cystectomy, along with the removal of the affected tissues, it is necessary to remove part of the tooth root. After the operation, painkillers and anti-inflammatory therapy are prescribed.

If a fistula is attached, an operation to remove the cyst cannot be performed. Only the complete removal of the entire tooth will help here.

Hemisection

Hemisection is appointed in order to save at least part of the tooth with extensive infection of soft tissues.

The method consists in the complete removal of the tooth cyst along with its root. The main condition for using this method is that inflammatory process touched only one tooth.

The affected tooth root is detected by X-ray. In the absence of contraindications, this rather painful procedure is performed under general anesthesia.

The void formed after the removal of the cyst and the root of the tooth must be filled with artificial bone material, otherwise it will be overgrown with gum tissues. Artificial bone material is created on the basis of plasma obtained from the patient's blood. This is done so that in the future it will not be rejected.

Before the two-hour operation, the dentist, using special surgical instruments, pushes back the gum, the integrity of which is restored at the end of the procedure. Then appointed prolonged therapeutic treatment . The tissues and the remaining part of the tooth must take root.

Separately, it is worth talking about laser treatment. In this case, the formation is removed without any pain and complexities. In addition, the application laser therapy allows not only to remove the cyst, but also to disinfect the affected area, which guarantees the cessation of the growth of harmful bacteria and the prevention of their further spread.

When symptoms appear that indicate the development of a tooth cyst, it is necessary to see a dentist immediately for medical measures. Otherwise, you risk losing a tooth, or even several.

It occurs due to an increase in the amount of secretion in the cavity, and this is fundamentally different from a tumor that grows due to atypical division of cellular structures.

cyst often long time It is asymptomatic, and a woman learns about its presence by chance during a preventive examination.

However, in some cases, a cystic neoplasm is complicated - it occurs or, which leads to a bright clinical picture and the need for urgent surgical intervention.

Essence of pathology

Cystic neoplasms are classified into two large groups - cysts and organic cysts.

clinical blood and urine tests;
blood chemistry;
analysis to determine the blood group;
blood test for infections;
vaginal smear;
fluorography;
coagulogram;

If necessary, the list of analyzes can be expanded:

cytology smear from the cervix;
Ultrasound of veins (with thrombosis, varicose veins, and also after 50 years);
conclusions from narrow specialists (if there are serious chronic diseases).

How to prepare?

The attending physician will tell you in detail how to prepare for surgery.

Preparations for a planned operation begin several months in advance..

First of all, you need to decide on the clinic where the surgical intervention will be performed, find out the prices, and choose a qualified doctor.

When the operation date is set, the following rules must be observed:

adhere to dietary nutrition;
one week before surgery, start taking Activated carbon, the doctor will prescribe the dosage;
for 4 days try to eat only liquid food;
on the eve of the procedure, remove the hairline in the pubic area;
in the evening before the operation, make a cleansing enema;
after dinner on the eve of the operation, drink only water, and eat nothing else;
The doctor will also prescribe antipsychotics.

How is the procedure carried out?

The procedure for laparoscopy and laparotomy is of course different.

Laparoscopy:

The patient is given anesthesia.
The surgeon makes 3 or 4 incisions in the peritoneum. The size of the incisions is not more than 1.5 cm. Next, the muscles and tissues are gently moved apart.
A probe is inserted, a camera equipped with a flashlight, and everything necessary tools required during the intervention.
AT abdominal cavity gas is injected, which is necessary to raise the abdominal wall and separate the organs from each other.
The camera displays the image on the screen, and the doctor proceeds to remove the cyst.
After all the necessary manipulations, all tubes and instruments are removed, the incisions are sutured.

Laparoscopy lasts from 20 minutes to 1.5 hours. The time of intervention depends on the stage of the pathology and its localization.

Laparotomy is performed under general anesthesia, and includes the following steps:

the area of the skin where the incision will be made is treated with an antiseptic;
a horizontal incision is made in the lower abdomen;
the neoplasm is removed by excision, if necessary, damaged tissues are excised;
vessels are tied up or cauterized with electric current;
the incision is sutured.

Possible Complications

Abdominal surgery to remove the cyst along with the ovary is a serious and complex operation that can lead to the following consequences:

Soldering process.
Hormonal disbalance. If only one ovary is removed, the body will be able to compensate for the lack of hormones, which means that a woman has the opportunity to realize her childbearing function. If both ovaries are removed, the woman becomes infertile and also needs hormone replacement therapy.
Early onset of menopause.
Violation of metabolic processes, the development of atherosclerosis.
Obesity.
Violation of sexual function.

Recovery period

After laparoscopy, the recovery period lasts about 2 weeks. The total period of rehabilitation is a month.

In order for this period to pass faster and not be accompanied by complications, the following measures are necessary:

reception hormonal drugs prescribed by a doctor;
photophoresis;
therapy with a laser or magnets;
correct ;
moderate loads;
physiotherapy treatment.

After a laparotomy, the recovery period will, of course, take longer.

Sexual intercourse after surgery is allowed only 4 weeks after the intervention.

If the temperature rises, there are pains in the lower abdomen and nausea, you should immediately consult a doctor, as this may be a sign of an inflammatory process.

Consequences of cyst removal

After removal cystic formation the following effects may be observed:

pain symptom that can last up to 10 days;
increased gas formation;
bloating;
constipation;
flatulence;
adhesive process;
infection;
development of endometriosis;
hormonal disorders;
recurrence of pathology.

NOTE!

Most of the consequences are not dangerous and take place in recovery period, but in the event of serious complications, a doctor's consultation and treatment is necessary.

Content

Removal of an ovarian cyst is considered the most effective method of therapy for identified cystic neoplasms. It is carried out in cases where a woman has tumors that do not resolve on their own. Timely removal allows you to avoid complications in the form of rupture of the neoplasm or torsion of its legs.

Should an ovarian cyst be removed?

The doctor and the patient must decide on the operation to remove the ovarian cyst together. Surgical intervention is necessary if a woman has dermoid, endometrioid, parovarial cysts, cystadenoma, cystoma. These formations are not conservative treatment and do not disappear on their own.

When identifying follicular cyst or tumors corpus luteum, doctors recommend 2-3 months to observe them. Doctors can choose methods that allow non-surgical removal of an ovarian cyst. With their ineffectiveness, planned surgical treatment is prescribed.

Reference! Most often, when cystic tumors are detected, laparoscopy is prescribed.

But after the operation, the ovarian cyst may reappear. If there is a tendency to the appearance of cystic tumors, the doctor may recommend taking a course of anti-relapse treatment.

Indications for removal of an ovarian cyst

The surgeon can remove the cystic formation on a planned or urgent basis. A planned surgical intervention is prescribed for women if:

large diameter tumors;
there is a risk of degeneration into a malignant neoplasm;
a species that does not disappear on its own has been identified.

Patients who refuse planned hospitalization and surgical treatment are at risk of complications. If they occur, emergency surgical removal of the ovarian cyst will be required. Urgent surgery is indicated if the patient:

torsion of the peduncle of a cystic tumor;
ovarian apoplexy;
cyst rupture;
suppuration.

Acute surgical pathology can be suspected by complaints of dagger pains, pallor skin, falling blood pressure. Some women are taken to the hospital unconscious or in shock.

Contraindications

hemophilia;
decompensated diseases of the respiratory system, heart, blood vessels;
severe form of hemorrhagic diathesis;
acute renal failure;
acute or subacute adnexitis;
mental illness in the acute stage;
violation of the liver in acute form;
diabetes;
recent inflammatory and infectious diseases.

With such contraindications, the condition of the woman is simply observed. During pregnancy, an operation to remove an ovarian cyst is performed only if emergency surgery is required.

Preparing for ovarian cyst surgery

If the patient was scheduled for a planned surgical intervention, to check the state of health and reduce the risk postoperative complications, spend comprehensive examination. It is important to make sure that there are no contraindications for removing an ovarian cyst in women.

Operative treatment can be scheduled on any day of the cycle, in which there will be no menstrual bleeding. In the evening, on the eve of a planned surgical intervention, it is allowed to eat and drink until 18:00. This is necessary to minimize the risk of ejection of the contents of the stomach and its entry into Airways on the operating table.

The preparation includes a preliminary consultation with the surgeon and the anesthesiologist. You also need to shave and do an enema. Instead of an enema, it is allowed to use special laxatives that thoroughly cleanse the intestines. Doctors often prescribe Fortrans.

Examination before surgery to remove an ovarian cyst

Before a planned laparotomy or laparoscopy, you need to check your health. For this, doctors recommend doing:

electrocardiogram;
fluorography or chest x-ray;
ultrasound procedure;
dopplerography.

Ultrasound examination allows you to clarify the location of the tumor, its size and shape. A Doppler study is done to assess the blood flow, the saturation of the neoplasms with blood.

Tests before surgery to remove an ovarian cyst

When conducting a full preparation for surgical intervention, the following is prescribed:

general examination of urine, blood;
determination of the Rh factor;
confirmation or clarification of the blood type;
blood biochemistry;
clotting analysis;
testing for syphilis, HIV, hepatitis;
smear on the microflora from the vagina.

How to remove an ovarian cyst in women

Depending on the situation, the doctor may perform a laparoscopy or laparotomy to remove the cystic mass. Removal of an ovarian cyst is carried out in the following ways:

cystectomy;
resection of part of the ovary with a cyst;
adnexectomy;
oophorectomy.

Often, the decision to choose the type of surgical intervention is decided at the moment when the woman is already lying on the operating table, and the doctor has already examined the internal organs. When performing a cystectomy, the doctor cuts out only the tumor, without touching healthy tissue. Leaching of its cavity is called a cystectomy. Over time, the ovary heals and begins to fully work again. The smaller the size of the formation, the higher the likelihood of such a sparing intervention.

During resection, the surgeon removes the cystic tumor and damaged ovarian tissue. Healthy areas remain intact. Ovariectomy consists in the complete removal of the gonad, during the adnexectomy, the appendages are cut out. So the removal of the cyst of the left ovary can be carried out, if necessary, a bilateral adnexectomy is performed.

Removal of an ovarian cyst with a laser

To remove cystic formations, the doctor may use a laser. This method minimizes the risk of postoperative edema, scarring, and inflammation.

Treatment of an ovarian cyst with a laser lies in the fact that the tumor-like formation is cut out not with a scalpel, but laser beam. Through a hole in abdominal wall a special apparatus is introduced, which is able to open the cystic cavity, peel its contents and cauterize the areas in which bleeding has begun. The sections cut off by the laser are pulled out with a special manipulator.

Abdominal surgery to remove an ovarian cyst

Depending on the condition of the patient, the doctor decides to perform a strip or endoscopic operation. During a laparotomy, access is through an incision made in the abdomen.

This method is used in such cases:

urgent surgical intervention is required;
the size of the tumor is too large;
in the pelvic area there is an active adhesive process.

Endoscopic removal of an ovarian cyst

When carrying out a planned removal, laparoscopy is prescribed. To perform the procedure, 3 punctures are made in the abdominal cavity. Through a special tube, the abdominal cavity is filled with gas. Under its pressure, the internal organs are moved away from the walls of the abdomen, while it becomes possible to examine the organs reproductive system and surrounding tissues.

With the help of surgical instruments, the doctor can remove the identified tumors and remove them from the pelvic region. You can learn how endoscopic removal of an ovarian cyst is performed from the video, you can

Under what anesthesia is an ovarian cyst removed?

For the operation, most patients do a general intubation anesthesia. For its implementation, a tube is inserted into the trachea through which gas is supplied to the lungs.

In some cases they can do intravenous anesthesia or spinal anesthesia.

How long does an ovarian cyst removal surgery take?

The duration of the operation is 20-90 minutes. The duration will depend on the complexity of the case, the experience of the surgeon. Most patients spend 40-60 minutes on the operating table.

Recovery after ovarian cyst removal

When carrying out laparoscopic removal of a neoplasm, the recovery process takes from 2 to 3 weeks. By the end of 1 day, the patient is allowed to get up, and after 1-7 days she is discharged. Only small scars remain at the puncture site. After strip surgery to remove an ovarian cyst, recovery can take up to 6 weeks.

Reference! To speed up the healing process and tissue repair, the doctor may recommend physiotherapy, taking multivitamin complexes.

Is it possible to get pregnant after removing an ovarian cyst?

If the surgeon performed a cystectomy, then reproductive health women should fully recover. Pregnancy is possible after an ovarian cyst. The exception is cases when all the female sex glands have been completely removed or the patency of the fallopian tube is impaired from the side of the remaining ovary.

When Can I Get Pregnant After Ovarian Cyst Removal?

You can get pregnant almost immediately after removing an ovarian cyst. After all, the work of the sex glands is restored, menstrual cycle normalizes. If during the surgical intervention the tumor cavity was simply excised, then patients are allowed to plan a pregnancy after a cycle.

Important! Some women, after surgery, are prescribed a course of rehabilitation therapy for a period of 3-6 months. Trying to get pregnant during this period is not worth it. Such recommendations are given if part of the ovary was removed, or the patient had endometrioid tumors.

What not to do after ovarian surgery

To avoid postoperative complications, patients are advised to:

restrict physical activity until full recovery;
observe sexual rest for 2-4 weeks;
do not lift more than 3 kg;
exclude alcohol, the use of spicy foods, spicy and salty foods for 2-3 weeks.

Until the stitches heal, hot baths and pool visits should be abandoned.

Is it possible to sunbathe after the removal of an ovarian cyst

Doctors advise to abandon the solarium and prolonged exposure to the sun to patients who have a tendency to the appearance of tumor-like formations. Therefore, sunbathing in the postoperative period is undesirable.

After laparoscopic surgery, women are strongly recommended in the evening, on the day of the operation, to start getting out of bed and walking. It is also allowed to perform simple actions. Early physical activity, in the postoperative period with an ovarian cyst, is an excellent prevention of the development of adhesive disease.

After 6-8 hours, you can take liquid food. There are physicians advise often, but in small portions. This helps to restore the functioning of the intestine in the shortest possible time.

If necessary, the doctor may prescribe non-narcotic analgesics, but many women do not need them. Some patients experience nausea, bloating in the postoperative period. The appearance of such discomfort is due to the fact that the carbon dioxide used during laparoscopy irritates the intestines. For cupping discomfort recommend Espumizan or analogues.

Consequences of ovarian cyst removal

Patients who have had cystic tumors removed may experience the following complications:

postoperative adhesions;
damage to the vessels running along the anterior abdominal wall;
hernia;
damage large vessels, internal organs.

In some cases, chronic abdominal pain may occur, disruption of the functioning of internal organs (suffer bladder and intestines). There are patients who have experienced a violation of the reproductive function after the removal of cystic neoplasms. This is possible if the surgeon had to cut or completely remove the ovary.

Conclusion

Removal of an ovarian cyst for surgeons in gynecological departments is standard procedure. Among all gynecological pathologies cystic neoplasms occur in 8-20% of patients. After their removal, for 3-6 months, the work of the reproductive system is completely normal in women. Many of them become pregnant during this period.

An ovarian cyst is a benign formation with liquid contents. Pathology is diagnosed in women different ages. Cystic formation can be detected during a physical examination or when the patient presents complaints of pain in the lower abdomen, irregular monthly cycles and other complaints. If the neoplasm tends to grow steadily, it can reach large sizes, which increases the risk of complications due to rupture of its capsule or twisting of the base. This is fraught with the development of conditions that threaten a woman's vital signs. In such situations, surgical treatment is indicated - removal of the ovarian cyst.

Should an ovarian cyst be removed? Neoplasms are different types, some of them are not dangerous and tend to dissolve on their own. Therefore, the treatment of ovarian cysts can be conservative when it is carried out with hormonal agents.

But with an ovarian cyst, serious pathological changes can occur in its tissues.

If medical treatment is ineffective, specialists consider the possibility surgical method problem solving in the following cases:

steady growth in the size of the cystic formation;
the presence of constant pain in a woman;
the slightest suspicion of malignant degeneration of cyst tissues;
risk of rupture of the cystic capsule and penetration of the contents into the peritoneal cavity;
twisting of the cyst base and further development of necrotic phenomena;
the presence of obstacles to the normal blood supply to the ovary due to the developed cyst;
formation pressure on nearby organs if a giant ovarian cyst has formed.

The cyst can be removed with different methods. They differ in the way they penetrate into the peritoneal region, the scale of manipulations due to the type of cyst, its size and localization. The specialists of the clinic should tell about how the operation to remove the ovarian cyst is performed, as well as agree on a number of points with the patient. AT modern clinics it is proposed to watch a video of the operations performed to remove ovarian cysts in order to remove the unreasonable fear from patients that surgery is dangerous. It shows in detail all the stages, how the operation goes, how exactly the ovarian cyst is removed, what methods of removing the cyst are possible and how safe it is.

What are the methods for removing ovarian cysts and how to prepare for them

Methods for removing ovarian cysts are divided into 2 groups:

laparotomy of an ovarian cyst;
laparoscopic methods of surgical intervention.

If surgical treatment is unavoidable, preparation for surgery is an important step. A woman needs:

Pass the additional examination for the absence of infectious inflammation in the pelvic area.
Take tests (blood, urine).
Follow a special diet during the week before the date of the operation. The diet includes avoiding heavy and fatty foods in order to reduce gas levels in the intestines.

Before the operation:

The last meal should be no later than 8 hours before the start of the operation.
Cleanse with an enema or laxative colon the night before and again in the early morning on the day of surgery.

Laparotomy

What is it and how is this type performed surgical interventions? Laparotomy is a cavity operation to remove an ovarian cyst, which involves layer-by-layer dissection of tissues on the abdominal line, when resection of the cystic formation and other tissues or organs is performed, if necessary. In what cases is it carried out:

when the cystic capsule ruptures and its contents leak into the peritoneal cavity;
in the presence of a detected adhesive process;
in case of malignant degeneration of tissues;
due to the development of suppuration;
if the cyst is large.

With such penetration into the peritoneum, vast areas adjacent to the appendages are examined, the cyst is removed. If necessary, it is also necessary to cut out all the foci of endometrial lesions, excise adhesions, and remove a purulent infection.

The duration of the patient's stay in a hospital ranges from 5 to 7 days, she can return to the active mode in 1.5-2 months. Be sure to follow all medical advice in the postoperative period to avoid complications.

Laparotomy is performed in exceptional situations because it's quite traumatic. surgical treatment, requiring general anesthesia and long process of recovery of the patient.

After removal of an ovarian cyst, especially when the ovaries were removed during the operation together with fallopian tubes, the patient is given a number of tips on observing a sparing regimen for a month with the rejection of sexual intercourse, limiting weight lifting, taking hot baths.

If the surgeons did everything right, there were no complications, then there is no need to continue treatment. However, in some cases, if there is a suspicion of the possibility of relapse, a reception is prescribed hormonal drugs, immunostimulants and vitamins, as well as physiotherapy.

Laparoscopic methods

Such techniques are preferable to laparotomy, they allow you to operate with a low level of stress on the body due to the use of local anesthesia, minimize the risk of postoperative complications, shorten the recovery period of the patient and return her to active image life. The principles of preparation for laparoscopy are identical to laparotomy: diagnostics, tests, diet.

Laparoscopy is prescribed if:

the detected cyst is relatively small;
purulent lesions are not observed;
cystic formation formed as a small single structure or a group of small brushes is present (polycystic);
the cyst affected only the superficial ovarian tissues, which did not affect the change in the functions of the appendages.

The essence of laparoscopy is penetration into the peritoneal region through special punctures, and not a large incision. After 3-4 punctures, a mini-video camera with powerful optics and instruments are inserted, a special gas is pumped inside to raise the abdominal wall, improve visibility and increase the range of motion of the instruments.

Laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst

The entire process of the operation is displayed on the monitor. After penetration into the peritoneum, the surgeon evaluates the lesions of the ovarian and other tissues due to the growth of the cyst. Resection of cystic formation is carried out in stages and includes:

opening a cyst by puncturing its capsule;
extraction of cystic secretion (aspiration) using a special tool;
removal of empty capsule tissues.

After these manipulations, the surgeon disinfects the peritoneal cavity, removes gas, installs a drainage system, and applies suture material in places of punctures and covered with bandages.

Laser technique

The laser method is similar to the general laparoscopy technique, but cyst resection is performed not with a scalpel, but with a special instrument using a laser beam. The doctor opens and exfoliates the cystic formation. laser removal cysts can reduce bleeding at the site of tissue excision, since the laser is able to immediately coagulate (cauterize) problem areas.

Laser removal of ovarian cysts is considered more promising direction in a number of laparoscopic techniques.

Histology of an ovarian cyst is performed in without fail with any method of excision of cystic formation.

Recovery period after laparoscopy

Due to the minimally invasiveness of laparoscopic techniques, the patient's recovery is much faster than with laparotomy. The sutures heal better, they are removed on the 6-7th day. To prevent inflammation, antibiotic therapy is prescribed, with pain syndrome- painkiller. In order for the recovery to go without problems, the patient is obliged to follow all the recommendations of the doctors, and then in a couple of weeks she can return to her usual way of life. But you need to remember about the diet. The diet is shown not only before the operation, but also after it.

Duration of operations

Patients often ask the question: how long does the operation take? The amount of time required to perform all manipulations during surgery varies greatly. With laparoscopy, this time can be from half an hour to 1.5 hours; with laparotomy, the operation can take more than 2 hours. It all depends on the amount of necessary actions that the surgeon needs to perform.

In the case of removal of only a cystic formation (cystectomy), the duration of the operation is minimal. However, if there is a need to excise a part of the affected ovarian tissue, a larger resection (wedge-shaped) is performed, when a part of the ovary is cut out with a wedge in the place where the neoplasm has formed. In some situations, it is advisable to perform an oophorectomy when it is necessary to remove the neoplasm together with the ovary. Another, healthy ovary, not affected by pathological changes, will be able to continue to work fully. Such operations involve keeping reproductive functions women if she is still planning a pregnancy. If the patient has crossed the threshold of menopause and there is a risk of malignant tissue degeneration, a more complex operation is performed to eliminate the neoplasm. It involves the elimination of the cyst itself, both ovaries, fallopian (uterine) tubes (adnexectomy). This process takes a lot of time and after such an operation, a woman needs more time to recover.

Situations stand out when a cyst is found after removal of the uterus along different reasons(fibromyoma, myoma, malignant process on the neck). If the uterus was removed from women, then if it is necessary to remove the existing cyst, they try to perform an operation with the preservation of at least one ovary, since the functioning of this paired sex gland has great importance for hormonal balance, which ensures the patient's quality of life at the proper level. An ovarian cyst after removal of the uterus requires the most balanced and qualified approach to its treatment.

Prices

How much the treatment costs can be estimated approximately, because the cost depends on many factors, including the rank medical institution. The price of the operation is determined by the severity of the pathology, the volume of manipulations performed. Added to this are the costs of diagnostics, necessary analyzes implementation of rehabilitation measures. On average, prices for the removal of ovarian cysts by laparoscopic techniques range from 15 to 40 thousand rubles. Laparotomy is more expensive and starts from 30 thousand rubles, but this method is not operated on so often.

Women who are faced with the problem of choosing a medical institution should take into account that main criterion- after all, not the cost of the operation, but the level of qualification of specialists performing operations to remove an ovarian cyst.