Cysts in both breasts. What is the danger of a breast cyst: treat or remove? Types of cystic neoplasms in the mammary gland

A breast cyst is one of the manifestations of fibrocystic disease that develops in women. This condition is precancerous, that is, it can potentially serve as a source of malignant formation of the mammary gland.

Fibrous cystic disease mammary glands - a set of processes accompanied by an imbalance between the epithelial and connective tissue components in the gland tissue. As a result, the epithelium can grow, forming nodes, or connective tissue with the formation of fibrous layers or limited cavities - cysts. Depending on the propensity of cells to multiply (proliferation), proliferative and non-proliferative forms of the disease are distinguished, the former transforming into cancer in a third of cases. The frequency of malignant degeneration of a non-proliferative cyst is lower, it is 1-2%.

Why does the disease occur

A cyst in the chest develops when there is a violation hormonal background V female body. The disease occurs in 50% of women of childbearing age and in almost all patients with gynecological diseases.

The formation of the mammary glands, their changes during the menstrual cycle, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, during perimenopause are regulated by complex hormonal interactions. In one of the parts of the brain - the hypothalamus - so-called releasing factors are produced that stimulate the secretion of pituitary hormones.

The pituitary gland is the most important endocrine gland, also located inside the brain tissue. It secretes prolactin, which stimulates the production and secretion of milk. In addition, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones are secreted in the pituitary gland, which act on the sex glands, and they, in turn, secrete estrogens and progestogens that actively affect the mammary glands.

During pregnancy, the glands are affected by chorionic gonadotropin produced by the placenta. In addition, hormones of the adrenal glands (corticosteroids and androgens), the pancreas (insulin), and the thyroid-stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland affect their tissue. Any disruption of these interrelated processes can lead to the formation of breast cysts.

The most important role in the formation of dysplasia (improper development, changes) of breast cells is played by ovarian hormones - estrogen and progesterone. One of the estrogens - estradiol - is found in the gland tissue at a concentration several times higher than its level in the blood. This hormone causes the development and reproduction of the epithelium lining the ducts of the gland, stimulates the formation of lobules (acini), and increases the blood supply to the tissue.

The concentration of progesterone is also higher in the tissue of the gland than in the blood. It has the opposite effect: it inhibits the development of lobules, prevents an increase in the permeability of the vascular walls and edema.

With a deficiency of progesterone or an excess of estradiol in the mammary gland, edema occurs and an increase in the connective tissue inside the lobules, the ductal epithelium grows, which leads to the formation of cysts.

Causes of cysts can be divided into several groups:

• stressful situations, especially strong or constant; among them dissatisfaction family life, and conflicts at work, and material dependence;
• reproductive disorders: a large number of abortions, early menarche, late first birth, large fetus, lack of breastfeeding or its duration for more than a year, the absence of pregnancy and childbirth in a woman's life;
• gynecological diseases: salpingitis, oophoritis, as well as hyperplastic conditions of the endometrium;
• sexual changes: anorgasmia, the use of coitus interruptus as;
• diseases thyroid gland or adrenal, diabetes mellitus;
• diseases of the liver and biliary tract, in which estrogen inactivation is impaired - hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, fatty degeneration of the liver;
• hereditary predisposition.

Variants of breast cysts and their manifestations

The dimensions of the formation range from a few millimeters to 3-5 cm. Sometimes giant cavities are formed that noticeably change the shape of the breast.

• Solitary cyst and Reclus disease

In young women, small numerous formations are more often observed, causing severe pain. A solitary cyst of the mammary gland is diagnosed at a later age. Less common is the so-called Reclus disease, or polycystic mammary glands, in which a multi-chamber cyst of the mammary gland is formed.

Cysts, or cavities in the gland, are formed when, which over time can turn into another option, for example, in. The cavity is formed when the milk duct is blocked and liquid contents accumulate in it.

• Ductal cyst of the breast

Another name for cystadenopapilloma is the proliferation of epithelial tissue lining the milk ducts, with the formation of a cavity containing blood. It communicates with the ducts, so it may be accompanied by discharge from the nipple. In addition, cystadenopapilloma is much more likely to become infected.

• fibrous cyst

A single long-existing cavity in the gland tissue, filled with non-inflammatory contents, not directly connected with the milk ducts and surrounded by a dense wall of connective tissue. Such a formation can exist for a long time, almost without disturbing the woman, but it is well felt in the tissue of the gland.

• Complex cyst

It differs from the usual one by the presence of a thick wall, partitions inside the cavity, parietal growths or marginal liquid structures that form, as it were, streaks behind the walls of the cyst. Such a conclusion is given by a doctor of ultrasound diagnostics, and clinically cancer, papillomatosis, a cyst with signs of inflammation can be hidden under it.

Symptoms of pathology

• Soreness and engorgement of the gland before menstruation;
• Constant pulling pain in the chest;
• palpable seal;
• Change in the shape of the breast.

In some cases, there are no signs of the disease, and a woman finds out about her by chance, during a visit to a gynecologist or during a performance.

Why are cysts in the mammary glands dangerous?

In addition to disrupting the quality of life, these formations can cause inflammation. It occurs when pathogens enter a closed cavity through the blood or lymphatic tract and is accompanied by fever, severe pain in the gland, its swelling, redness and cyanosis of the skin. With purulent fusion of surrounding tissues, an abscess and phlegmon may occur, threatening the life of the patient.

Do not forget about the possibility of malignancy of the cyst, as well as the complexity of the differential diagnosis of this condition and breast cancer. Therefore, it should not be left to chance, it is necessary to be examined and treated in time.

Diagnostics

Any examination of the mammary glands in patients who have not entered the postmenopausal period should be carried out in the first half of the cycle. At this time, the glandular tissue is affected minimum concentrations hormones, it does not aggravate and is not painful.

The mammary glands are examined and palpated by the doctor in the position of the patient standing with her arms lowered and raised, and then in the supine position. The symmetry of the glands, the skin, the presence of discharge from the nipples, compaction or strands in the tissue structure are evaluated. At the same time, lymph nodes are palpated in the axillary regions, above and below the collarbones. It is these groups lymph nodes primarily affected by breast tumors.

Every woman should know the tricks self examination mammary glands. This will help to identify in time not only mastopathy, but also more serious illness. Such an examination consists in a thorough examination of the glands in front of a mirror with an assessment of their symmetry, as well as probing the breast in a circle or radially from the nipple to the periphery, up to armpit. This is especially important for patients with a burdened hereditary history of breast diseases.

Examination and palpation is carried out every time a woman visits a gynecologist, usually once a year during a medical examination. If the doctor has identified any seals, proceed to the next stage of diagnosis.

Mammography is a study of the mammary glands using x-rays. The picture is taken in two projections, a contrast agent is not used. Mammography reveals formations in the thickness of the gland, which are not even determined by palpation (up to 1 cm in diameter), but their differential diagnosis is difficult.

This method is screening, that is, it is carried out for all women over 40 years old annually to exclude the early stages of breast cancer. Mammography is not prescribed during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In young women, it does not give a reliable result due to the increased density of gland tissues.

Becomes more and more popular ultrasonography. It can be performed on young women, it is harmless and allows you to detect formations with a diameter of 2 mm, such as small cysts . Ultrasound helps to assess the condition of the lymph nodes, as well as signs. The only limitation of the use of this method is the poor visualization of tissues in the involution of the mammary glands that comes with age.

On the echogram, you can see the inner layer of the formation and detect the difference between the cyst and. Almost the only hallmark of these conditions is their consistency: a cyst is a cavity filled with liquid contents, and a fibroadenoma is a (nodule) consisting of glandular and connective tissue cells.

If a cyst or tumor is found, the next stage of diagnosis is carried out - a puncture of the breast cyst with a study of its contents under a microscope. The main purpose of such a study is to make sure that a woman does not have a malignant degeneration of the formation. The puncture is performed with a special needle under ultrasound guidance.

If the doctor does not have a good ultrasound device at his disposal, then air is injected through the biopsy needle into the cyst cavity, straightening it, and an x-ray is taken - a pneumocystogram. If the walls of the formation are smooth, there are no growths, then drug treatment begins. If irregularities are found in the cavity, surgical treatment is immediately prescribed.

Treatment

How to treat a breast cyst? A gynecologist, a mammologist will help you to resolve this issue, if necessary, you need to consult an oncologist.

Psycho-emotional state

The basis of the treatment of any disease is proper nutrition and lifestyle. A woman must protect herself from overwhelming physical and emotional stress, which often falls on her shoulders. As an example, we can cite the so-called “sandwich syndrome”, when middle-aged women are forced to take care of their aged parents and raise their still minor children. At the same time, society considers that this is the direct duty of a woman, and she should not experience negative emotions on this occasion.

However, studies show that the “sandwich syndrome” causes many psychosomatic diseases, which include a breast cyst. Feel free to ask for help if you need it, be able to refuse if you can’t do something and don’t feel guilty about it. This line of psychological self-defense will allow you to stay healthy longer.

Diet

The diet of women who have a cyst should be adjusted. It has been proven that in some patients, cysts are sensitive to the use of chocolate, coffee, tea and other products containing xanthines. After excluding them from the diet, the well-being of such patients improved, in particular, the pain in the gland before menstruation ceased to bother. However, the other part of the patients with the cyst did not react to such changes in any way. Therefore, it is worth limiting the listed products for 2-3 months, and if there is no effect, then they will not harm you, of course, with moderate use.

Patients with a breast cyst need to normalize the condition of the liver and biliary tract, reduce weight. They are advised to follow a diet number 5 with a restriction of fried and fatty foods, animal fats. It is recommended to cook steamed food with a predominance of fish, dairy products, vegetables (except legumes, cabbage).

It is necessary to normalize the work of the intestines, to avoid constipation. This will help, for example, oat bran, which is very useful to eat 100 grams per day. If it is not very pleasant to use them in their pure form, you can add bran to porridge or a glass of kefir.

You should reasonably limit the number of calories, reduce the content in food table salt. This will help reduce the severity and pain in the chest.

Conservative therapy

Treatment of a breast cyst without surgery is possible if the formation has a smooth inner surface and responds well to medication. At the same time, it is necessary that atypical cells, a sign of a cancerous tumor, not be detected in the aspiration material after a fine-needle biopsy.

Preparations for the treatment of breast cysts act on the main links in the pathogenesis of the disease:

• sedatives (valerian, motherwort, Novo-passit) and adaptogens (schisandra, eleutherococcus, rhodiola rosea) in courses of 4 months with a break of 2 months, the duration of treatment is 2 years;
• vitamins A (has an antiestrogenic effect), E (enhances the effects of progesterone), B6 ​​(reduces the concentration of prolactin in the blood), P and C (improve microcirculation and relieve tissue swelling);
• hepatoprotectors, for example, herbal preparation Hofitol, which protects and restores liver cells, improves fat metabolism, increases the emotional background;
• diuretics a week before the onset of menstruation to prevent gland engorgement - lingonberries, kidney tea, Hypothiazid, Triampur, small doses of Furosemide as prescribed by a doctor;
• hormone therapy, in particular, the use of gestagens for topical use (Progestogel gel), and, if necessary, preparations in the form of tablets (Utrozhestan), implantable and long-acting injectable forms (Norplant, Depo-Provera);
• according to indications, Danazol, combined oral contraceptives, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (Zoladex), dopamine agonists (Parlodel) can be prescribed.

Previously, iodine preparations were widely recommended, but due to the spread of thyroid diseases, in which these drugs can upset the balance of thyroid hormones, the use of iodine is abandoned or prescribed only after consulting an endocrinologist.

Six months later conservative therapy repeat mammography or ultrasound. If sclerosis of the breast cyst has occurred, that is, its walls have collapsed, the cavity is absent, conservative treatment is continued. If the aspiration of the cyst was ineffective, and the fluid has accumulated again, an operation is prescribed.

The operation is usually carried out by sectoral resection, that is, the removal of the formation and healthy tissues that form the sector (part) of the gland with the apex directed towards the areola. During the operation, an urgent histological examination of the affected tissues is performed to exclude a malignant neoplasm. If signs of cancer are detected - volume surgical treatment expand.

Multiple cysts of the mammary glands that are not amenable to drug treatment are removed using extensive operations, up to subcutaneous and prosthetics of the gland using a silicone or other implant.

Of course, many women are interested in whether cysts can resolve if nothing is done. Yes, such a possibility exists, but its probability is small. Often, patients, hoping for the spontaneous disappearance of the cyst, do not go to the doctor immediately, but come already with running stage cancer, when it is already very difficult to help.

In some cases, women complain that a cyst has burst in the chest. . At the same time, its contents stood out from the nipple in the form of a light or greenish liquid. In this case, it is necessary to visit a doctor and determine what actually happened, if necessary, aspirate the remaining contents.

What to do if a woman finds some kind of formation in her breast? First of all, do not panic and immediately contact a gynecologist and mammologist. Modern methods diagnostics are effective and safe. Treatment is based on saving the organ, preserving the aesthetic function of the mammary gland. In the vast majority of cases, the patient gets rid of the disease after treatment, although quite often cysts recur if predisposing factors remain (stress, hormonal imbalance, and so on). Therefore, the treatment of this disease should be combined with the therapy of the underlying pathology.

Prevention

To prevent pathology, it is necessary to influence the factors that provoke its occurrence:

• avoid stressful situations, not to take on an unbearable load, to abandon the "deadlines", to learn the basics of time planning, to have a good rest;
• be reasonably active sex life with a permanent partner;
• realize childbearing function, avoid abortions;
• be observed by a gynecologist and treat gynecological diseases;
• after the age of 40, undergo an annual mammogram;
• do not smoke, do not drink excessive alcohol;
• limit visits to baths, saunas;
• keep under control extragenital pathology, especially liver disease;
• follow a reduced calorie diet rich in vitamins and fiber, reduced in animal fats and salt.

A breast cyst is a benign tumor that forms in the tissues of the breast.

This is a cavity enclosed in a capsule and filled with fluid, usually the secretion of the lactiferous ducts.

Formations are localized, as a rule, in the upper outer part of one or both breasts, the size is up to 1.5 cm, sometimes more.

Cysts can be single or multiple - in the second case, there is a risk of polycystic disease, when small tumors intertwine with each other, forming large conglomerates with partitions. How to recognize multiple cysts of the mammary glands and cure the disease?

According to statistics, women who have given birth to more than one child and breast-fed their children suffer from benign breast tumors less often than those who are childless.

The formations are formed against the background of the expansion of the milk ducts, as a result of which cavities with liquid appear in them, enclosed in capsules. Cause this phenomenon- hormonal imbalance, which can occur as a result of exposure to such factors:

• genetic predisposition (benign diseases of the mammary glands in female relatives);
• inflammatory pathologies reproductive organs, including endometriosis, uterine fibroids, inflammation of the appendages;
• work disruption endocrine system- dysfunction of the thyroid and pancreas, adrenal glands;
• excess weight (adipose tissue activates the production of estrogen, which disrupts the hormonal balance in the body);
• no pregnancies at the age of 30, a history of abortion;
• frequent and prolonged exposure ultraviolet rays or high temperatures- an increased risk of multiple cysts exists in women who like to sunbathe in a solarium or on the beach, visit the sauna;
• mechanical injuries of mammary gland tissues, surgical interventions;
• uncontrolled intake of oral contraceptives;
• frequent psycho-emotional stress- the constant stay of the body in tension is accompanied by increased production of testosterone and prolactin, which causes hormonal imbalance;
• negative impact environment and unfavorable working conditions.

Cysts are considered benign tumors, but some of them contain malignant cells, which increases the risk of developing cancer.

Symptoms

Small cysts in the tissues of the mammary glands are asymptomatic and are detected during preventive examinations or self-diagnosis. The formations are clearly palpable under the skin - a woman can feel several seals or nodules in the breast tissues, which are usually mobile and painless.

The second most common symptom of the disease is discomfort or pain in the mammary glands - it is clearly associated with the phases of the menstrual cycle (manifested before menstruation), has a pulling or bursting character. In 15-20% of cases, women report clear or cloudy, milk-like discharge from the nipples.

cyst in chest

With the development of complications - suppuration or inflammation of cysts - fever, hyperthermia and reddening of tissues, an increase in axillary lymph nodes are possible. Cysts are usually not dangerous to health, but if there are too many formations or they are large, the breast can be noticeably deformed. An increased risk of malignancy of tumors exists in women after 40 years, especially if they have begun menopause.

In most cases, multiple cysts are found on their own, so palpation of the mammary glands should be performed every month. During the procedure, an important role is played by proper conduct palpation - in horizontal position with a shallow probing of the tissues, the formations are almost imperceptible.

Implantation or is becoming more and more popular. Modern surgery allows you to correct the shape of the breast in women without complications.

In what cases is a stereotaxic biopsy of the mammary glands performed, you will find out.

In addition to multiple breast cysts, a solitary cyst occurs. What it is and how dangerous it is, you will learn by reading.

Diagnostics

Palpation of the mammary glands allows you to identify seals and nodules in the tissues, but for an accurate diagnosis, additional methods research, which includes:

• Ultrasound of the mammary glands. Allows you to study in detail the nature of cysts and the structure of their walls (the presence of parietal formations can complicate the course of the disease);
• aspiration biopsy. During the procedure, a fluid sample is taken from the formation with a thin needle, which is subsequently subjected to histological analysis. The presence of malignant cells is an indication for surgery;
• Mammography. The study provides an opportunity to obtain information about the number, shape and other features of tumors.

As additional diagnostic methods, blood tests are prescribed (to detect an inflammatory process in the body), a study of the hormonal background, in severe cases, an MRI of the mammary glands. If there is a suspicion of malignant tumors, a blood test is taken for tumor markers.

For the diagnosis of small uncomplicated cysts, a complex of studies is sufficient, which in mammology is called the "Gold Standard" - ultrasound scanning and biopsy.

Treatment

Multiple small cysts are treated conservatively. In the case of large formations, with rapid growth or a high risk of malignancy of tumors, surgical intervention is indicated.

Conservative treatment

Drugs that are used to treat multiple cysts depend on the clinical course of the disease. Hormone replacement therapy is usually prescribed, which allows you to get rid of formations and exclude their appearance in the future.

Numerous breast cysts

As additional medications, hepatoprotectors are used, which restore the functioning of the liver and reduce the effect of estrogens on breast tissue, sedatives and drugs that increase immunity.

In addition to receiving medications, a woman needs to get rid of excess weight and reconsider her diet. The menu should include fish, fiber-rich foods, fresh vegetables and fruits. An important role is played by the normalization of the sexual sphere, the rejection of bad habits and the maintenance of a proper lifestyle.

For the treatment of multiple cysts, traditional medicine is often used, but you can resort to them only after consulting a doctor, otherwise complications may develop.

Surgery

In almost 90% of cases, multiple cysts do not require surgical intervention and respond well to conservative treatment. The operation is assigned in the following cases:

• if a bunch of small formations increased by 2-3 times within six months;
• when the size of one or more cysts exceeds 6-7 cm;
• when planning a pregnancy;
• in the case of a high risk of malignancy of the tumor.

The technique of the operation depends on the clinical course of the disease and the characteristics of the organism. In the first place is drainage and sclerosis of formations - the tumor cavity includes special device, the fluid is removed, and a solution is injected in its place, which sticks together the walls of the cysts.

The effect of the operation is observed after a few weeks. A vacuum biopsy is performed in a similar way - this technique allows not only to cure the disease, but also to obtain information about the contents of the tumor (the presence or absence of atypical cells).

There are several types of breast cancers. - rare form oncology, which, however, is treatable.

Seroma as a complication of breast surgery - what is it and how dangerous is it? Read.

In cases where there is a risk of cyst malignancy, doctors resort to laparoscopy - the formations are removed along with nearby tissues, or the areas of cyst accumulation are excised.

Any tumor formations of the mammary glands, including multiple cysts, carry with them the risk of complications and development malignant tumors therefore require timely diagnosis and proper treatment. To prevent the development of the disease, a woman needs to conduct correct image life, eliminate bad habits, eat right and be attentive to your health.

Related video

It happens that with age, the female breast loses its classic shape, especially after the birth of a child and breastfeeding. Although, according to mammologists, the main cause of sagging breasts and loss of its elasticity is hormonal imbalance. A breast cyst can be caused by these same hormonal disorders.

The cyst can form in the form of single (solitary cyst) or multiple cavities inside the female breast (polycystic mammary glands). If the capsule has growths, the diagnosis of "atypical cyst" will be recorded in the medical history.

The cavity is surrounded by a capsule formed from the connective tissue, therefore it differs in density from the surrounding cells, and, if it is sufficient, from 1 cm in size, it can be detected by palpation. Smaller cysts can only be detected during the ultrasound procedure.

Basically, the appearance and growth of a cyst is asymptomatic, with the exception of a slight burning sensation and slight soreness during PMS and during regular periods.

The cavity formed by the connective tissue is filled with a liquid or mushy substrate of a light yellow or bloody hue. Usually it is lymph - an integral part of the blood. But with inflammation in the cyst, there may well be products of tissue decay, i.e. pus, in which case the cyst will be painful.

The female breast is a delicate organ, so any such inflammation should be an immediate reason for a visit to the doctor! You will be scheduled for a histological examination with a biopsy of the breast tissue in the area of ​​the cyst to determine the pathogenicity of the tumor.

This does not mean at all that a woman has an oncological disease - a cyst rarely develops into breast cancer. But the changes that occur in the gland, scarring of the connective tissue during periods of remission, when the cyst can even decrease in size, can cause oncological changes, despite the fact that the cyst itself is not an oncology.

Causes of a cyst in the breast

Any breast cyst is a nodular form of an unpleasant mastopathy disease. It arises from the expansion of one or more inflammations of the duct in the mammary gland, then a connective tissue capsule is formed that will limit the resulting cavity, then this capsule is filled with a non-inflammatory fluid (in case of a favorable course) character. The shape is round or ovoid, sometimes in the form of a miniature grape brush.

In addition to the already mentioned hormonal disruptions, a breast cyst can form after:

• chest injury (strike with subsequent hematoma);
• prolonged stress or prolonged depression;
• the absence of childbirth after 30 years and older;
• with frequent abortions;
• excessive enthusiasm for the steam room in the bath;
• prolonged insolation (tanning in a solarium or in the sun without protecting the chest from excessive UV radiation without the use of special protective ointments);
• prolonged use of oral contraceptives;
• thyroid disease or predisposition to such a disease;
• problems with the ovaries;
• A short period of breastfeeding, when mother's milk is still produced abundantly, but the woman deliberately switches to artificial milk formulas when feeding the baby.

It is worth dwelling on the last reason in more detail. Some believe that excessively prolonged feeding of the child breast milk may cause cyst formation. This is not true! Such a natural process only strengthens women's health. The transition to artificial milk formulas should be gradual, as lactation decreases, and the full transition should end only after the disappearance of the last signs of it.

• Another cause of pathologies of the mammary glands is intoxication of the body with certain substances. On harmful production or, alas, when drinking low-quality alcohol (in the form of unrefined moonshine).

The mammary gland, in which the cyst has formed, often changes its shape, especially if the cystic growths are not isolated. From this it happens that the right and left breasts acquire a different size and shape. As a result of this pathology, the gland loses its tone, elasticity, the nipple is displaced from the middle of the chest, and begins to look down.

Medical classification of cyst types

fatty

It has nothing to do with lactation capsules as such, but occurs as a result of excessively intense work of the sebaceous secretory glands. It does not seriously affect the production of mother's milk. Cavities with liquid are not formed, but provoke inflammation of the mammary glands, which causes hot pulling pains.

ductal

Such a diagnosis is most often made in pre-menopausal age. Such a neoplasm in the ducts is already prepathological and can develop into a cancerous disease, which is provoked by congestion in the resulting scars.

Multilocular cyst

If such an unpleasant form is detected (usually detected by ultrasound), serious treatment is required. Perhaps surgery to remove the neoplasm. They are usually formed by the merger of two or more adjacent cysts, where one is large, while others are microscopic, but the proximity and influence of a large one causes their rapid growth.

Solitary

Single, spherical or egg-shaped smooth shape, elastic consistency. The "older" the cyst, the denser the capsule. The most painless form of the tumor, so it often grows to a decent size until it gets in the way.

Self-diagnosis

This disease, which occurs in its usual form without pronounced symptoms, can still be easily self-diagnosed. You just need to have basic knowledge of your own anatomy and listen to the advice of doctors.

1. With PMS and the onset of menstruation, small nodules found in the breasts become larger than usual in size and become painful. The pain is initially twitching, then transforms into constant and aching until menstruation ends.
2. Under the armpits, seals of the lymph nodes may also appear, also accompanied by pulling pains.
3. Possible discomfort in the lower abdomen
4. Headaches, weakness, desire to sleep during the day, resentment and tearfulness for any reason.
5. Sudden fevers, chills.
6. Color change skin breasts, their redness or even cyanosis.

Treatment

The most common mistakes of people who are ill with anything:

1. I myself know how and with what to treat and
2. Oh, it will dissolve on its own!

It happens that it resolves - in one case out of about 10 thousand. Self-medication is mainly practiced among ardent adherents of "traditional medicine". No, in folk medicine there are certainly examples of effective treatment. But without the supervision of a specialist dedicated to the intricacies of human biology, anatomy and physiology, such treatment can cause irreparable harm.

This is especially true of non-traditional methods of treatment from the arsenal of the Tibetan or Chinese medicine- It has been proven that acupuncture, effective for representatives of the Mongoloid race, often not only does not work in Caucasians, but also causes a deterioration in the general condition.

The same remark can be made about herbs and compresses from them. And the general rule should be that without establishing a diagnosis, you should not make any gestures about treatment.

Traditional medicine recipes

Hypericum tincture

Pour 25 grams of dry St. John's wort flowers with a glass of boiling water. Water should not boil to intense bubbling, the boiling stage should be “white key”, when the water becomes the color of milk heavily diluted with water due to the abundance of small air bubbles. Infuse for 5 hours, then filter the tincture. Used as a compress.

Celandine decoction mixed with butter

Pour 2 tablespoons of dry celandine with flowers with a glass of cold water, heat to a boil, remove from heat, wrap warm and cool to a temperature of about 40 degrees. Melt 50 grams of butter, pour into a 40-degree celandine broth.

Beat thoroughly in a closed container until a water-oil emulsion is formed. Soak a cotton-gauze bandage with the emulsion, apply it to the chest in which the cyst is found, cover it with polyethylene on top and leave for 4-5 hours

Cabbage leaves with butter

Lightly crush a whole leaf of kaput with a pastry roller to make it softer. Smear it with melted butter with a temperature of about 40-45 degrees. Wait for the sheet to cool, apply to the sore chest, fix with a bandage for the night.

Garlic with olive oil

Squeeze 10 medium cloves of spring garlic into 200 grams of olive oil. If garlic is winter (as it is very “evil”), you can take 5-6 cloves. Take a teaspoon before bed for a month.

Herbal teas with mint

Brew and take before bedtime as a sedative and antioxidant remedy, 100-150 grams, depending on the strength of the tea. Too strong can be diluted with boiling water. Drink with honey.

No cyst disappears on its own, it will require at least traditional therapeutic methods of treatment. To begin with, already at a size of 1.5 cm, a cavity is punctured with a syringe needle and air or ozone is pumped into it in order to smooth the connective tissue wall.

Massage as a treatment method

Absolutely unacceptable! Moreover, attempts to squeeze out liquid from the resulting cavities in the manner of decanting milk are unacceptable. This method will bring nothing but additional injuries. Yes, and the cystic fluid will not be squeezed out - because of the dense connective tissue capsule that prevents its outflow.

Massage is needed only after childbirth, after breast overflow with milk, in order to avoid congestion and mastitis.

Prevention of cyst formation

The basis should be a healthy lifestyle, no matter how trite it may sound. We need to talk about stress resistance, about a healthy psyche, about an adequate attitude to the world and events in it.

As part of this philosophy, a weekly self-examination will help identify any adverse changes in the condition of the mammary glands. Treat your body with love, identify its problems and needs in time - and you will avoid most of the troubles associated with possible complications from the appearance of cystic formations.

After all, cysts of medium and large sizes are easily detected by palpation. Small, 2-3-4 mm - using ultrasound and mammography. These procedures will not only help you sleep peacefully, but also for the doctor will become a marker for distinguishing harmless cysts from a possible fibroadenoma, or nodular mastopathy - a more serious disease that can complicate a woman's life with general malaise and pain.

In difficult cases, the mentioned hardware methods do not help in the diagnosis. Then magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is required. This is especially true of the situation when, against the background of the identified cysts on the mammary glands, there are overgrowths of papillomas - even if they are single. Then a mandatory biopsy is needed to detect malignant cells at an early stage of possible oncology.

Simple Methods for Preventing Cysts

1. Get regular check-ups with the same doctor. If you are not satisfied with the doctor, change it.
2. Be sure to wear special corrective (supporting) bras. It is necessary to exclude from use bras with bones and other elements of a rigid frame.
3. Do not drink too much caffeinated liquids (coffee and cocktails with it, strong black tea) The dose of coffee should be no more than once a day, in the morning, of medium strength with a cup volume of no more than 100 ml. Stronger - 50-70 ml.
4. Balance and reduce salt intake.
5. For any deviation in the hormonal background, take appropriate drugs that stabilize this background.
6. Maintain peace of mind and avoid conflict if possible.
7. Do a light self-massage of the mammary glands. Or leave it to your man. It should be remembered that a full-fledged intimate life normalizes the condition of the breasts.

Medical treatment of breast cysts

Treatment of cystic neoplasms without the help of a surgeon, based only on medical methods, is not only desirable, but also quite possible. This is especially true of small seals in the chest, solitary and fatty etiology.

Main impact drug therapy goes along the line of inhibition of prolactin secretions and normalization of metabolism in the mammary gland by taking certain drugs.

Most often, doctors prescribe such drugs that have been repeatedly tested and effective at all stages.

Mastodion

Designed for a course of treatment lasting about three months. The drug has a pure vegetable origin and therefore has few contraindications. After three months of use, a clarifying diagnosis is made in order to determine the effectiveness of the drug.

Klamin

It is an extract from kelp (seaweed), which is harvested in ecologically safe marine regions, mainly the Far East or the North of America (west coast).

As a repository of a huge amount of antioxidants, kelp and extracts from it act as anti-cancer and immunomodulatory agents, inhibiting the growth of neoplasms of any etiology. In the treatment of cystic formations, practically no contraindications have been identified.

Indinol

Essentially a concentrated mastodio. More efficient, but due to concentration medicinal substances, may have more individual contraindications. It has a stronger effect on pathologies, and has a longer course of treatment, most often at a reduced dosage.

Mastopol

Homeopathic remedy. It is widely and successfully used in the treatment of cystic neoplasms up to 1 cm in size.

Mastinol-Edal

Combined drug that works on the resorption of the connective tissue walls of cysts.

Drug treatment is also possible with a large cyst. But in this case, the fluid accumulated there is first pumped out of the contents of the cyst, oxygen or ozone therapy is carried out, or the cavity is treated internally with alcohol, then appropriate drugs are prescribed. It must be remembered that their appointment is possible only by a mammologist. Or another specialist, but after consultation with him.

Radical methods of cyst treatment

In cases of impossibility or ineffectiveness of conservative, medical treatment, the surgeon has to start working. It is possible both indirect surgical intervention (through cyst puncture), and direct, with tissue incision and removal of cystic neoplasm.

In the first case, it is necessary to study the very possibility of puncturing the cyst due to the surrounding connective tissue sheath, which can be very dense, especially if it has been formed for a long time. The puncture itself is carried out quickly, within 20-30 minutes, with local anesthesia and ultrasound.

After pumping out the liquid possessed by the capsule, its walls fall off, stick together, and then dissolve, surrounded by tissues undamaged by the cyst. The main task of the doctor becomes in this case to determine whether this tissue is healthy.

The field of liquid pumping must be checked laboratory methods on possible pathologies, more serious.

If puncture is not possible, a radical operation with tissue cut. Its implementation is already more complicated and looks like this:

• The reaction of the body to everything is checked possible types anesthesia, until an acceptable option is found, diagnostic preparation is carried out using hardware methods.
• After the final ultrasound examination, a preliminary marking is made on the mammary gland intended for resection. Ultrasound is done in at least three projections (right, left, bottom or top), for exclusively exact definition location of the cyst.
• During resection, greater precision is needed to exclude damage to surrounding healthy cells and milk ducts. After removing the neoplasm, the surgeon stops the bleeding and stitches the wound in layers.
• The cyst removal operation itself is simple. The main thing is postoperative rehabilitation period. If it takes place in a hospital, the restoration of health, provided that the hospital has a full staff of medical personnel, is simplified. If rehabilitation takes place at home (which happens most often), you need to scrupulously follow the doctor's recommendations and carry out all postoperative measures on time.
• In almost 100% of cases, repeated surgical intervention after surgery is not required.

Possible Complications

Without carrying significant danger and only causing discomfort during palpation and the onset of menstruation, a breast cyst can change with inflammation of any etiology or with infectious diseases, especially acute respiratory ones. For they are capable of provoking a sudden and painful growth of a cyst.

So if the breast cyst is ignored, in the future it can cause complications such as:

• Deformation of the mammary glands;
• The appearance of foci of suppuration;
• The development of a cyst into oncology;
• Cause non-cancer tumors.

So, take on the treatment, our dear and beautiful ones, so that later you don’t have to deal with all sorts of complications. And remember that it is easier to prevent pathology than to cure it. Such a delicate, intimate, scrupulous and beautiful area of ​​the body, like a woman’s breasts, should be the object of special attention and constant consultations with a mammologist.

breast cyst- this is a common, single or multiple pathology of the breast cavity with liquid-like contents formed in the ducts. Usually, the disease progresses long time asymptomatic, and only after the expiration of time, appears pain and burning in the mammary gland. These symptoms are worse before and during menstruation. The breast cyst is accompanied by inflammation and suppuration of the cystic cavity. The disease itself rarely degenerates into cancer, and, nevertheless, has an overestimated risk of developing a neoplasm. Often accompanied by dyshormonal pathologies occurring in the genital area. Large cysts change the shape of the breast.

Physiologically, a cyst is a cavity bounded by a connective capsule and filled with a non-inflammatory fluid. This pathology is the result fibrocystic mastopathy.

The cavity is formed due to an increase in one duct of the gland, accumulation of secretions and the gradual formation of a fibrous capsule. Neoplasms are round, oval or irregular in shape. The size varies from a few millimeters and in difficult cases up to five centimeters. An ordinary cyst has smooth and absolutely even inner walls. With regards to an atypical cyst, on its walls it has growths inside the cavity.

Cysts can be either single, in more complex cases - multiple. When, numerous cysts of different sizes unite, forming multi-chamber clusters. Altered cystic tissue is able to occupy half or more of the tissues of the gland.

The cavity of the cyst may consist of benign cells, but may also contain malignant cells.

A fatty cyst that is not associated with secretory tissue can develop in the chest area. It is formed as a result of blockage of the skin sebaceous gland and its overflow with a secret. This disease is not a cause for concern.

The development of cysts in the mammary gland is affected by hormonal balance. With excessive production of estrogens and a skewed hormonal balance, as well as when taking hormonal contraceptives, a disorder of sexual hormonal regulation may develop, which leads to the formation of a cyst.

The development of cysts is provoked by: pathology of the thyroid gland, mastitis, ovarian dysfunction, inflammation of the genital organs.

Small cysts, very rarely disturb the patient. They are most often detected by chance, after undergoing a mammogram. Enlarged cystic formations cause pain, a thickening of the mammary glands is felt, this manifests itself a few days before menstruation.

Large cysts filled with secretion are manifested by constant pain, pulling sensations, burning, uneven seals.

Breast cyst, clinically manifested regardless of the menstrual cycle. Huge, gigantic cysts are determined by the visible deformation of the mammary gland, redness and even cyanosis of the skin.

Any inflammation in the cyst is characterized by fever, redness of the skin, a small or even large increase in axillary lymph nodes.

Typical symptoms:

Perceptible pain in the chest.

Burning and pulling sensations.

Change in skin color.

Breast deformity.

Fever.

Causes of breast cysts

Hormonal failure in the body of a woman is not uncommon. At this point, the ovaries secrete above the prescribed amount of estrogens, the main female sex hormones. This leads to the growth of tissues under the influence of estrogens, the epithelium of the ducts of the mammary gland, and edema of its tissues. Such processes clog some ducts and form cysts.

In practice, a cyst is the main element of fibrocystic mastopathy. If the disease is diffuse in nature, i.e. equally distributed in the mammary glands, then many small cysts appear. Nodular mastopathy is characterized by large nodes.

Women's hormonal system is neurohumoral and is controlled by the central nervous system. With any impact, the system can cause a failure in its operation. The neurohumoral system is most sensitive to all kinds of psycho-emotional stress. First of all, the development of cysts is affected by:

Long intellectual loads.

Constant emotional stress.

Frequent worries and stress.

Susceptibility to problems.

Abortion deals the biggest blow to the endocrine system. They can be the cause of failures in the body of a woman. Frequent abortions disrupt the functioning of the ovaries, provoke the release of a large number estrogen, cyst maturation.

An increase in estrogen can cause overweight especially obesity. Since adipose tissue cells contribute to the production of estrogens, in obese women increase the chances of hormone-dependent diseases.

Improper nutrition, another main reason for the development of hormonal disorders. Poor nutrition causes metabolic disorders, which will sooner or later affect the neuroendocrine system. Other endocrine glands and their work is also reflected in the state and activity of the mammary gland.

Any thermal procedures and ultraviolet rays stimulate the production of estrogens.

The reasons for the formation of cysts in the mammary glands can be any injury. The risk of neoplasms also increases after surgery. Since the breast tissue is very thin, it reacts to any physical impact. The use of oral contraceptives is a predisposing and frequent factor in the development of cysts.

Answers to popular questions

Does a breast cyst resolve on its own? It is quite a rare occurrence when an independent resorption of a breast cyst occurs, therefore, the disease should not be started. Even small cysts do not resolve on their own, but are treated conservative method. If the cyst has a size of 1.5 centimeters, then a puncture is prescribed to take the contents and introduce ozone or air into the cavity. With this size of the cyst, it is necessary to smooth its walls. Any self-treatment (with herbs and compresses), in the hope that the cyst will resolve itself, is unacceptable. Only a doctor prescribes treatment, carefully observing the dynamics of the cysts. Self-treatment without establishing a diagnosis is also unacceptable. Experimenting with your health, in the expectation that the seal will resolve, is unacceptable.

Is it possible to massage the mammary gland? Breast massage is prohibited. The fact is that her tissues are very delicate, and an attempt to squeeze the liquid out of the nipple with the help of an intense massage will lead to her injury. Therefore, the gland is not only forbidden to intensively massage, but it is better not to touch it at all. Any injuries and bruises of the chest should be avoided, including underwear with sharp bones. It is necessary to protect not only breast tissue, but also its skin. As you age, you need to lubricate the chest olive oil to prevent excessive dryness. Breast massage can be performed 2-3 days after childbirth. It is extremely necessary at this time, since the breast is filled with milk, and its stagnation can lead to the formation of lactational mastitis.

The cyst can resolve itself, it does not need to be treated? Indeed, cystic formations can dissolve, but this happens extremely infrequently. Cases of self-elimination are so rare that when a cyst is found, doctors almost always recommend their removal. If the size of the formation is more than 15 mm, then the patient is assigned a puncture and sampling of its contents for further research. This is done to clarify the diagnosis and prevent a possible relapse.

Is it possible to sunbathe or go to the sauna with a breast cyst or after its treatment? Sunburn is harmful to any, even a healthy woman - this is known for certain. Therefore, doctors do not recommend visiting a solarium, sunbathing without a bra, and spending time in the sun from 11 am to 4 pm. In addition, any overheating of the body can become an impetus for the formation of a cyst or its rebirth, and not only in the chest. Therefore, visiting saunas and baths is also not recommended.

What conservative or alternative treatment can be carried out? Any treatment can only be prescribed by a doctor. This is done after a comprehensive examination or after an operation.

Possible appointments:

1. Reception of dietary supplements containing iodine and its compounds, with an extract from seaweed, cauliflower or broccoli.

   Herbal preparations are prescribed to improve the functioning of the liver, to speed up metabolism, to increase stress resistance. They have a positive effect on the body as a whole.

   Any compresses can be used only after a medical consultation. So, alcohol compresses and cabbage leaf can have an anti-inflammatory and resolving effect, as well as relieve swelling. However, self-medication in this case is contraindicated.

No self-treatment can be carried out with a breast cyst. This prohibition is quite understandable, since it is based on the principle of maintaining a woman's health. Do not use herbs or compresses unless there is a medical control of the dynamics of the development of the cyst. Moreover, it is impossible to self-medicate until an accurate diagnosis is established. Do not forget about the increased oncological tension. Even today benign tumor in a few days it can become malignant. Sometimes it is self-treatment that accelerates this dangerous process and leads to sad consequences.

Neoplasms, breast cysts are determined by several types:

Cysts are oval, rounded.

Irregular cysts.

Small or large cysts.

Single or multiple. Polycystic is determined not only by the fusion of cysts, but also by the formation of multi-chamber clusters.

Unilocular or multilocular cysts.

Cysts with or without inflammation.

Typical, having smooth inner walls or atypical, having growths on the walls.

There is atypical, fibrous, ductal, solitary, multi-chamber, cysts of the mammary glands.

Atypical breast cyst- this is the accumulation of fluid, with the expansion of the duct of the gland, in the resulting cavity. Such a cyst has a fibrous capsule, round, oval in shape of different sizes. An atypical cyst is a benign cyst with growths protruding into the cavity.

The main causes of an atypical cyst:

Long-existing cysts.

Often recurrent breast cysts.

Inflammatory processes occurring in the cyst.

The presence of papillomatous (benign) growths.

The presence of papillomatous formations in the cyst cavity.

Fibrous cyst of the breast occupies a central place in oncology and is a background disease in the development of breast cancer.

Fibrous cyst is: Reclus disease, cystic mastopathy, Schimmelbusch disease, cystic disease, chronic cystic mastitis. IN this moment, these terms are not used in medicine. The following forms are distinguished: non-proliferative and proliferative.

Fibrous cyst of the breast is determined by characteristic symptoms:

Before menstruation, the pain in the mammary glands increases.

One feels the presence in the chest, grape-shaped nodular seals.

Fluid comes out of the nipples.

The pathogenesis of fibrous mastopathy is not fully understood. There are certain factors that provoke its development:

Such cysts develop in the tissue during menopause, due to hormonal failure.

With weakened immunity and disruption of work individual bodies.

Solitary cyst of the breast- this is a benign dysplasia, which does not pose a particular danger. But this does not mean that you should not pay attention to it and not engage in treatment. It is necessary to contact a mammologist in a timely manner and start treatment, adjust the hormonal background and the defense system.

A solitary cyst is a formation, rounded in shape and elastic in consistency. It is a swelling filled with liquid of various colors. The longer the cyst, the denser its capsule. A solitary cyst is a large cavity that is located in one breast.

The reasons for the development of this form of cyst:

Heredity.

neuroendocrine disorders.

• Age, after 35 years.

  Big weight.

  late birth.

  Stress, nervous strain.

  Complete rejection of breastfeeding.

  Early puberty.

• Breast trauma.

A solitary cyst manifests itself with chest pains, which increase in the second phase of menstruation. The pains are dragging, pressing and aching. There is a burning sensation and itching in the chest area. Such pains are accompanied by compressed nerves of the mammary gland and surrounding tissues. Pain can radiate to the shoulder blade, neck or shoulder. As soon as menstruation ends, the pain stops.

Another characteristic symptom determined by palpation, which can be determined by any woman, especially if the solitary cyst is large.

Ductal cyst of the breast develops at any age, but is most often diagnosed after 48 years. This disease has 1% of all breast neoplasms.

The worst thing is that the ductal cyst is a full-fledged precancerous condition, despite the fact that reliable data have not been identified.

A ductal cyst is an intraductal papilloma, cystoadenopapiloma is a small growth inside the mammary gland. Pathology belongs to the group of benign diseases.

Causes of a ductal cyst:

Hormonal disorders.

Ovarian dysfunction.

• Inflammation of the appendages of the uterus and ovaries.

  Overweight.

  Diabetes.

  Endocrine diseases.

Clinically, this pathology is manifested by discharge from the nipples of a clear, brown, bloody or greenish liquid. A ductal cyst can be palpated if it is present in the area of ​​the lactiferous ducts.

The ductal cyst of the mammary gland is palpated in the form of a dense formation, pain is not felt during palpation. The disease is detected most often by chance, during a routine examination.

Multilocular breast cyst- a very unpleasant diagnosis. First, one cyst develops, then new ones arise, next to each other, after which they merge. This is how a multi-chamber cyst is formed. The disease is detected by ultrasound.

The main factor in the development of pathology is an unhealthy lifestyle, but there are other factors:

Abuse of alcoholic beverages.

The use of nicotine and drugs.

Wrong nutrition.

Metabolic disease.

Frequent medication.

Stress, experiences.

Hormonal disruptions.

Infectious diseases.

A multi-chamber cyst of the mammary glands is a dangerous disease that can turn into a malignant tumor.

In order to diagnose an existing medium-sized cyst of the mammary gland, a standard palpation is sometimes enough for a doctor. If the formation is smaller, then an ultrasound or mammogram will be required.

These two diagnostic methods differ from each other not only in the course of execution, but also in the results that the doctor receives. So, ultrasound allows you to clarify whether there are cystic growths inside the mammary gland, you can also distinguish between a cyst and fibroadenoma. Based on the results of mammography, one can draw a conclusion about their size, shape and exact number.

In addition, the patient may be recommended to undergo an MRI, however, it is performed only in severe cases. After all, there are still disputes between physicists regarding the safety of this procedure for the human body. Although everywhere this method is positioned as absolutely harmless.

In this regard, before you go for diagnostics using a tomograph, you should make sure that it is really needed. If the doctor is not fundamental in this matter, then it is better to stop at mammography or ultrasound. This will definitely save the body from unnecessary stress.

A biopsy is performed when there are papillomas inside the formation. A biopsy is performed under ultrasound guidance. This method is necessary in order to be able to conduct a histological examination in the future. Based on the results, one can suspect cancerous tumor(if the substance taken for the study has a brown or brown color, and also if a large number of epithelial cells are found).

Breast cyst treatment

First of all, a woman should contact a mammologist to undergo an examination and determine an effective method of treatment. For the treatment of small cysts, adequate conservative treatment is selected. To do this, it is necessary that the size of the cyst does not exceed 0.5 mm. In this case, removal of the neoplasm is not required. First of all, the doctor directs all his actions to normalize the hormonal balance. To do this, you need to be examined by a gynecologist, immunologist and endocrinologist.

In order for the cyst to resolve, they are prescribed modern drugs, or cyst puncture. The doctor makes a puncture, pumps out the liquid and injects a solution to destroy the capsule. This method is suitable for the treatment of single-chamber cysts. If the cyst has atypical features, then an operation is prescribed, and the tissue extracted during the surgical intervention is sent for histological examination.

Another method of treating cysts is aspiration. This is a procedure during which a thin cannula is inserted into the cavity of the cyst, and cystic fluid is pumped out through it. If there are no bloody impurities in this fluid, then treatment is not required. If there are streaks or even traces of blood, then additional studies are required.

The cyst can be treated with hormone replacement therapy. For the treatment of cysts, many doctors resort to a course of drugs that are aimed at normalizing the hormonal background. This method of treatment also strengthens the immune system. Such treatment can cure the disease and eliminate the recurrence of the cyst.

If, according to the results of observation, it becomes clear that the cyst is growing, it is drained. To do this, using a thin needle, the cyst is pierced, the contents are aspirated, and either air or ozone is injected into the resulting cavity. This conservative and low-traumatic method of therapy is available for implementation only if single-chamber cysts are found that have not undergone malignancy, inside which there are no papillomas. In addition, you will need to undergo repeated mammological examinations every 6 months, as well as regular follow-up with a mammologist. This will allow timely detection of a possible relapse. The success of the operation depends on how completely the contents of the cyst are removed, whether there are cells in it that can grow, and ultrasound does not detect fluid, then the possibility of recurrence is reduced to 20%. However, when the fluid is retained and gradually accumulates, it will require a second procedure.

It is worth refusing to perform an operation in a clinic where a woman is offered to enter not ozone or air, but ethyl alcohol. This is an unsafe method of treatment, which very often causes tissue necrosis. Therefore, it is so important to clarify all the points of the upcoming operation. Even air in this case will be preferable to the introduction than alcohol.

If a simple cyst is found, then most often it does not require an operation, however, if a parietal formation is detected, a puncture is necessary. This will make it possible to exclude oncological process. When cancer cells are absent, the woman is offered to undergo a vacuum biopsy. With its help, the growth is removed within half an hour, for which only local anesthesia is used. When cancer cells are still detected, more complex treatment is required in an oncology clinic.

If, after aspiration of the cyst and the introduction of ozone, relapses still occur, but there are no cancer cells, then such a formation must also be removed using vacuum aspiration.

How safe are these operations? There is no need to worry about the fact that the breast will be removed if a cyst has been found in it. As a rule, even large cysts are removed while preserving the mammary gland.

Surgeons strive to make incisions as small as possible, since every doctor wants to deliver a woman a minimum of aesthetic discomfort in the future. Therefore, most often such operations do not leave behind any visible traces.

The risk of malignant formation varies from 1 to 4%. That is why it is so important to start treatment in a timely manner.

Sectoral resection leaves behind scars. This can further adversely affect breastfeeding due to the destruction of the ducts. To avoid congestion, women who are planning to give birth should, as far as possible, avoid intervention.

Laparoscopy (removal of a breast cyst)

Doctors sometimes face a situation where the pathology associated with a breast cyst cannot be cured by conventional methods and laparoscopy is indispensable.

Usually, the cyst becomes the cause of a hormonal imbalance and is detected on ultrasound or mammography. If the disease is detected at an early stage, then it is treated only with medicines. If the doctor suspects the transition of a normal cyst into oncological tumor, then it is important to remove it in a timely manner.

The operation is performed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia. Incisions are made on the chest wall in order to gain access to the cyst. A special instrument designed for the operation is inserted into one incision, and a laparoscope with a built-in video camera is inserted into the other incision. An image is displayed on the monitor thanks to this camera. Thus, experienced surgeons, with a special tool, manipulate the cyst, draw fluid accumulations out of it and inject absorbable fluid.

Laparoscopy is an innovative technique. It is used in various branches of medicine, which allows you to cope with even the most difficult situations. Thanks to the information displayed on the monitor, what is happening inside, the doctor can implement complex manipulations in the most inaccessible places.

Laparoscopy is a complex operation and requires some preparation. First of all, urine, blood, biochemical tests, blood coagulation tests, ECG are prescribed. Before laparoscopy, the patient should refrain from eating for 8 hours.

Advantage of laparoscopy:

Minimal injury.

There are small, almost imperceptible cuts.

The larger the object, the more discomfort it brings. On palpation, the bubble is usually felt as a mobile formation with a smooth surface, with an average degree of density, painful to the touch. The cavities can have a variety of shapes, individual types are prone to degeneration into dangerous forms of pathologies. By itself, a cyst is not cancer.

Pathological education can for a long time exist completely asymptomatically. This is especially true for small cavity formations. They are almost impossible to identify by self-palpation or during a standard examination by a gynecologist or mammologist. A mammogram allows you to identify the presence of tiny, fluid-filled bodies for certain. The disease reminds of itself before the onset of menstruation, causing chest pain.

Large tumors on the eve of menstruation are felt like seals in the mammary gland. There is discomfort, accompanied by burning and pulling pain. With the growth of the neoplasm, the symptoms manifest themselves regardless of the menstrual cycle.

Very large objects (diameter 5-6 cm or more) can deform the mammary glands. When changing the shape of the breast, its asymmetry is clearly manifested. Smaller bubbles often coalesce into conglomerations. Polycystic can take up more than half of the breast tissue. The skin covering the overgrown formation turns red, becoming cyanotic over time.

In addition, certain types of lesions are accompanied by the release of fluid from the nipples when they are squeezed. Against the backdrop of local inflammatory processes the discharge is bloody, brown or greenish. The onset of infection is accompanied by elevated temperature. There may be an increase in axillary lymph nodes. Inflammation can cause suppuration of the cavity secretion, which requires immediate medical attention.

Additional possible signs:

• discomfort in the lower part of the abdominal cavity;
• nervousness;
• "tuberosity" of the chest on palpation;
• weakness, drowsiness and decreased performance (with inflammation).

With a breast cyst, the pain is first jerking, then aching and pulling. The reason lies in the growth and enlargement of the cavity, compression of the breast tissues, and, as a result, in the edema of the “clamped” nerve fibers.

Causes of cystic formations in the breast

The main cause of breast cysts are pathological changes in the level of sex hormones in the body. Overweight women are often at risk. In adipose tissue, they accumulate progesterone, which turns into estrogen. The process creates the basis for hormonal diseases.

An additional basis for the development of the disease is:

• prolonged or uncontrolled hormonal contraception;
• replacement therapy in menopause;
• malnutrition, causing a malfunction in the neuroendocrine system;
• psycho-emotional stress (stress and depression);
• dysfunction of the ovaries during abortion;
• addiction to sunbathing (increase in estrogen levels under the influence of ultraviolet rays);
• chest injury;
• thyroid disease;
• ovarian dysfunction;
• inflammation of the uterus and its appendages, inflammatory diseases other internal organs.

Types of breast cysts

There are several types of cystic formations in the mammary gland:

Atypical breast cyst

It is formed by the expansion of the duct and the accumulation of secretory fluid in it. The formation has a fibrous membrane of various diameters, round or oval. The walls of the capsule grow inside the cavity. An atypical cyst refers to benign formations that can mutate into other forms of pathologies.

Among the reasons for the atypical type of neoplasm are:

• long period of cyst existence;
• inflammatory process in the capsule;
• papillomatous growths of cavity tissues (benign or malignant);
• recurrent pathologies;
• the presence of calcium in the cystic tissue;
• a large number of births or miscarriages.

Fibrous cyst of the breast

It occupies a central place in the risk of oncology. Depending on the presence or absence of growths of the epithelium, it is divided into proliferative and non-proliferative. A factor in the occurrence of a fibrous capsule can be hormonal diseases, disruptions in immune system, violations of the work of individual organs, for example, the liver.

IN individual cases the disease is classified according to the degree of activity of pathological processes:

1. There is pathology, but there are no proliferative growths.
2. There are proliferative processes in the epithelium.
3. Atypical pattern of proliferation.

II and III degree are precancerous, but oncology can also develop with grade I pathology.

Solitary cyst of the breast

A benign formation that does not pose a health hazard. The secret-filled elastic capsule has a rounded shape. Over time, the capsule thickens. Usually, a solitary cyst is manifested by chest pains, which increase in the 2nd phase of menstruation. At the end of menstruation, the pain subsides. This type formations always affects one mammary gland, develops due to blockage of the duct. Pathology is caused by hormonal disorders, inflammation and stress.

Ductal cyst of the breast

Rare precancerous condition (1%). A benign formation grows out of the epithelium of the milk ducts, turning into a cavity with internal papillary growths (papillomas). The chamber of the ductal cyst is filled with fluid mixed with blood. Solitary cysts affect the peripapillary region, and their accumulations affect the lateral parts of the breast. main reason occurrence are endocrine and gynecological diseases. Ductal cysts are clinical manifestations fibrocystic mastopathy.

Multilocular breast cyst

A dangerous disease capable of transforming into a cancerous tumor. Multiple cavities are initially formed as a single formation. Over time, additional vesicles appear next to the primary one, growing together with each other - polycystic disease occurs.

There is also a fatty cyst (atheroma), which occurs due to the overflow of the duct with sebaceous secretions. Clogged, it forms a wen, rebirth in cancer diseases he doesn't show. It does not pose a danger to life and health.

Methods for diagnosing breast cysts

You can detect pathology at home by self-palpation of the breast. Without the use of diagnostic equipment, it is impossible to identify small or deep-seated formations, just as it is unrealistic to independently determine their nature. Women should undergo regular medical examinations and mammography. According to the results of a visual and palpation examination by a gynecologist and mammologist, to confirm or refute the diagnosis, the following types of studies can be assigned to patients.

• Tests for hormones and tumor markers- detect the presence hormonal disorders and their nature, as well as onco-indicators, indicating the development of cysts, benign or malignant neoplasms.
• Mammogram- X-ray determines the location of the neoplasm, its size and geometry. The point of the future puncture of the wall of the cystic "sac" is selected. Recommended for women over 45 years of age as a regular breast health monitoring.
• Magnetic resonance imaging– the study examines and accurately describes the cyst. MRI identifies the slightest changes in the pericystic tissue.
• ultrasound- characterizes the shape, dimensions of the echo-negative cavity, diagnoses the presence of internal growths in it. The combination of ultrasound and elastography method reveals the elasticity of the tissues under study. Ultrasound is recommended for patients under 30 years of age.
• Pneumocystography- diagnoses small objects (1-2 mm): determines the size and structure, on its basis a decision is made on local sclerotherapy. The procedure is an alternative to surgery in case of solitary pathologies.
• Puncture and cystology- sampling of material directly from the cavity with subsequent laboratory study of the structure and size of tissue cells. A biopsy gives the final diagnosis of the benign or malignant nature of the neoplasm.

Puncture - the final study of the nature of the cyst in the chest

Puncture of a breast cyst is an invasive method for making a definitive diagnosis. The collection of the contents of the cavity is carried out by puncture in the outpatient clinic. Pathological analysis with a high percentage of accuracy confirms or excludes the presence of cancer cells in the cyst. The doctor performing the puncture punctures the skin and inserts a medical needle into the breast tissue, reaching the cyst, where he pumps out the fluid.

Puncture procedure:

• selection of the puncture point, accompanied by ultrasound;
• treatment of the selected area with an antiseptic (small breasts are completely processed);
• skin puncture, insertion of a needle into the mammary gland and the cavity filled with contents;
• material pumping;
• removal of the needle from the breast;
• re-treatment of the puncture site with an antiseptic and the application of a bactericidal patch.

The material is taken from the 6th to the 14th day of the cycle, when the breast is softer. Women after menopause can be tested any day. Pregnant and breastfeeding patients, women after breast surgery, patients with acute infectious diseases or temperature over 37.8°C. Puncture and puncture are performed with a thin medical needle. The procedure is almost painless. The results of the study are issued after 3 days, in case of a clear threat of oncology, an express analysis is carried out.

How to treat a breast cyst

Treatment of patients suffering from cystic diseases of the breast is carried out by a mammologist-oncologist. Due to the hormonal basis and concomitant factors of the neoplasm, an endocrinologist, gynecologist, and immunologist are involved in therapy. In case of taking radical measures, an oncologist-surgeon is engaged in the removal of cystic pathologies. The medical base is made up of therapy aimed at normalizing the hormonal background, eliminating inflammatory processes and restoring immunity.

Types of traditional therapies for the treatment of cysts

The nature of therapy is determined by the size and typology of education. A small benign breast cyst up to 2-2.5 cm in size can be treated conservatively. Small chambers up to 0.5 mm do not require prompt removal.

For resorption of the neoplasm, normalization of the endocrine system and elimination of inflammatory processes, the following are most often prescribed:

• hormonal drugs;
• NSAIDs;
• medicines containing iodine, such as potassium iodide;
• phytopreparations.

Well-palpated benign seals, measuring 15 mm or more, are subject to puncture. Through the puncture needle and syringe, the contents of the capsule are sucked out. Introduced into the empty cavity medicinal preparation(if required), or special gases: air or ozone. The gas promotes adhesion of the cyst walls. Clumping prevents refilling with liquid. This method is suitable for single objects with liquid content. Manipulations are carried out under local anesthesia.

In cases of recurrence, with the formation of a tumor inside the capsule (approximately 1% of cases), with the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment (especially polycystic), a breast cyst is removed. The operation is carried out under general anesthesia.

Laser removal is a modern and gentle method radical treatment. The operation takes place under ultrasound monitoring. The patient is under local anesthesia or general anesthesia (in special cases).

Any invasive therapy is necessarily accompanied by the treatment of hormonal, gynecological and other diseases that provoked the development of neoplasms. Without eradicating the cause, the object removed by the surgeon will reappear.

Breast cyst - treatment with folk remedies at home

If a woman is unwilling or unable to administer medication or surgery, with the disease are struggling with alternative medicine methods. It is necessary to resort to folk remedies to get rid of the cyst of the mammary glands, subject to an accurate diagnosis, when, after a series of medical examinations, the presence of this particular pathology is revealed. Self-diagnosis and self-treatment only on its basis pose a threat to life - the risk of mistaking an oncological disease for an ordinary cyst, and losing saving time.

Folk remedies for external use for the treatment of breast cysts:

• Gentian large-leaved- 1 tablespoon of gentian root pour a glass of water. Bring the mixture to a boil, cover, and infuse for 30-40 minutes. Strained warm infusion is applied in the form of cotton-gauze lotions to the sites of cyst formation for a course of 20 days.
• St. John's wort- Pour a glass of boiling water over 1 tablespoon of dry grass, and insist for at least 30 minutes under a tightly closed lid. Cotton napkins soaked in warm infusion should be applied to areas of the chest affected by cystic formation. The session lasts 15-20 minutes. The procedure is carried out daily for a month.
• Beetroot- chop the peeled raw root crop in a blender or grate on a fine grater. Add 2 tablespoons of 9% vinegar to the gruel, and heat in a water bath, stirring constantly. Apply a warm mass in a thin layer on gauze folded in several layers. Tie a chest compress for the night. In the morning, wrap your chest with a woolen scarf, and walk around in it for several hours. The course of treatment is from one month.

Folk remedies for internal use for the treatment of breast cysts:

• Birch mushroom (chaga)- crush 100 g of dry mushroom as finely as possible, pour 1 liter of vodka. Infuse the remedy for 15-20 days in a dark place, then strain. Dosage: 1 dessert spoon 3 times a day (20-25 minutes before meals). Course: 1-2 months. During treatment with chaga, animal fats, smoked meats, spicy dishes should be abandoned, strong tea and coffee should be excluded.
• walnut shell- crushed shells of 15 young walnuts (collection in June), pour 0.5 liters of vodka, leave for two weeks in a dark place. Strained tincture take a tablespoon 3 times a day before meals. Course: 1-2 months.
• Burdock root- pour the root grated on a grater or chopped in a meat grinder with boiling water in a ratio of 1:20. Leave the mixture for 3 hours. Ready infusion strain and take a tablespoon 3 times a day for an hour before meals.

Whichever of the listed alternative methods is chosen, its use should be agreed with the attending physician, and it is advisable to use it as an additional remedy against the background of full-fledged medical therapy.

You can learn more about the treatment of breast cysts with folk remedies on this page - Breast cyst: treatment with folk remedies.

Is a breast cyst dangerous - hidden threats

According to studies, every third woman is a carrier of a "time bomb". Despite the fact that the neoplasm very rarely develops into cancer, it should be removed. In addition to reducing the quality of life of the patient, nodular forms can stimulate the growth of malignant tumors. This is especially true for women who have a hereditary predisposition to cancer. Here, cystosis can be a background for the development of mastopathy or breast cancer.

Cases of spontaneous resorption of education are incredibly rare. It is impossible and extremely dangerous to squeeze out the contents of the cavities through the nipples on your own. Since the cyst of the mammary glands in women can become inflamed and fester, provoking purulent mastitis or a malignant neoplasm, doctors must prescribe therapeutic or surgical treatment. Medical and preventive measures are required to prevent possible relapses.

The frantic pace of life and neglect of one's own health threaten to waste time to eliminate dangerous diseases. Regular self-monitoring and medical examinations, timely appeal for medical care prevent fatal diseases and prolong life. The patient, armed with knowledge, understands what a breast cyst is and how to treat it. This facilitates therapy: fears and the feeling of a “death sentence” disappear. Choosing between traditional and folk medicine, it should be remembered that lotions and herbs are not a panacea against cancer and complex pathologies. Treat right - live long.