Classification of ovarian cystic formations. Cavity formation of the right ovary

Tumors and tumor-like formations of the ovaries are a pathology that occurs in medical practice with a high frequency. According to research, tumors and neoplasms of the ovaries are diagnosed up to 25 percent more often in the last decade. Most of them are benign, however, the number of women with malignant tumors increases every year. Most often, an ordinary cyst is diagnosed, which, if not treated promptly, tends to develop into a cancerous body. Due to the histological and anatomical structure of the appendages, they are more often susceptible to the appearance of various formations. The reasons for such pathological changes today remain not fully understood, therefore, disagreements among scientists on this issue continue to exist.

Etiology of the disease

Ovarian tumors can arise from a variety of sources. They are formed due to the pathological growth of the epithelium of the appendages, disruptions in the development of the egg at one stage or another of maturation, disturbances in the formation of theca tissues, granulosa and lading cells, nonspecific connective tissues, nerves, vessels and other elements of the appendages. Tumors and tumor-like formations appear in women of all ages, however, patients from 30 to 60 years old are more susceptible to the disease. In fifty percent of cases, it is found in postmenopausal women. Whether it is a cyst or another type of formation, its development begins much earlier than the diagnosis takes place.

The risk group presents a list of patients with early or late onset of menstruation, late onset of menopause and an irregular menstrual cycle. A volumetric formation of the left ovary, like the right, can lead to a decrease in reproductive functions, the inability to conceive and bear a child. Chronic diseases of the pelvic organs can complicate the situation. In recent years, scientists have been paying special attention to the study of genetic and epidemiological factors that affect the formation of ovarian formation. According to the data obtained, the habits and lifestyle of a woman, the environment, the quality of food and water have a significant impact on this pathology.

Varieties of neoplasms

Most often, pathological processes in the appendages are a cyst of one type or another. However, if a mass is found on the ovary, but not a common cyst, it can be a wide range of different diseases. They are usually divided into several groups that combine pathologies of a benign, malignant or borderline nature. There are such types of neoplasms in the appendages:

• genital stromal tumors;
• epithelial neoplasms;
• germ cell;
• rarely forming tumors;
• tumor processes.

According to statistics, most often patients have:

1. Tumor pathologies of the stroma and superficial epithelium. These include simple serous, papillary and papillary-serous cystadenomas, as well as mucinous (pseudomucinous cystadenomas) and endometrioid neoplasms (Brennen's tumor and carcinomas).
2. Stromal neoplasms and tumors of the sex cord. This category includes granulosa-stromal cell pathologies such as granulosa cell diseases, fibromas and tekomas, and androblastomas.
3. Germ cell neoplasms such as teratomas.

This is just a small list of tumor-like pathologies that are found in modern gynecological practice. Each of these varieties can be benign or malignant. There are also borderline stages of the disease, when the formed pathological body is characterized by a potentially low malignancy.

Benign neoplasms

Most often, ovarian formation is of a benign nature and is characterized by cell growth. The largest percentage falls on epithelial neoplasms on the ovary. Such pathologies are also called cystadenomas or cystomas. They are formed due to the growth of the outer shell of the appendages. These include the following types of cystadenomas:

• mucinous;
• papillary;
• endometrioid;
• serous.

Cyst and cystoma are pathologies that are often confused. Such fluid formations are most often asymptomatic, however, some of their types cause constant pulling pains in the lower abdomen and enlargement of the abdominal cavity. Mucinous cystadenoma of a solid structure causes similar sensations. The cavity of such a tumor quickly fills with a thick mucous substance and reaches a large size.

Note: An oogenic tumor, which is formed from oocytes, also belongs to benign ones. The most complex neoplasm of this type is considered to be a teratoma, which is formed from an egg containing genetic material. Its interior can be filled with mature tissue and even rudimentary organs, including hair, adipose tissue, and the rudiments of bones and teeth. It is not a very voluminous ovarian formation, but it is very rarely formed on both sides.

Another common benign pathology of the appendages is tekoma. It is formed from cells that produce estrogen and most often appears during the postmenopausal period. Although tekoma, due to the production of female hormones, increases libido, improves the appearance and well-being of women in menopause, it must be eliminated in time. Otherwise, hyperplasia and even endometrial cancer may develop.

Virilizing tumors are also benign. They are formed from the elements of the appendages, which are similar in composition to the cells of the male gonads. As a result, the right or left ovary is presented with a solid structure. A woman with pathology is faced with virilization processes, including stopping menstruation, atrophy of the mammary glands, an increase in the clitoris and other changes in the male type.

Brenner's tumors are rare. Such structures are small in size, so it is very difficult to detect them using ultrasound. In most cases, they are diagnosed during surgery, the purpose of which is a histological examination of the tissues of the appendages. A cyst is also benign. As a rule, it does not require treatment, however, if a solid neoplasm of the ovary is found, drug therapy or surgery may be required. Ovarian fibroma, which forms from connective tissues, is also a rare disease. By its nature, it is a hormonally inactive tekoma. Most often, such fibroids are found in menopause. They have a solid size and can grow up to 15 centimeters. This pathology is accompanied by violations of the cycle and generative function. In the same appendage, fibroids and cysts may develop.

Important! Almost any type of benign neoplasm in the ovary can develop into a malignant tumor over time. Therefore, it is recommended to regularly undergo examinations by a gynecologist and carefully monitor the development of any pathological phenomenon in the appendages.

Diagnostic methods

Both benign and malignant structures in the appendages often proceed without any symptoms. In order to prevent complications or the formation of cancerous tumors, it is recommended to visit a doctor at least once a year. If neoplasms or discomfort in the lower abdomen are detected, menstrual irregularities or other complaints appear, it is worth undergoing gynecological examinations once in a period appointed by a specialist. In most cases, ultrasound diagnostics is sufficient to diagnose tumor processes in the ovaries. Formations with different structures have different echogenicity. There are anechoic or hyperechoic structures. It can be an ordinary cyst or a neoplasm hazardous to health that requires treatment. If the doctor doubts the nature of the tumor, additional studies are prescribed.

Important! Often, transvaginal ultrasound is combined with Doppler imaging to distinguish a tumor from avascular cysts. Malignant bodies mainly have blood vessels, while benign bodies only have a cavity filled with fluid.

If necessary, the patient is assigned magnetic resonance imaging or CT. Such methods make it possible to more accurately establish the nature of the formation in the ovary, make a diagnosis and determine the required amount of surgical treatment. Today, modern methods of detecting markers indicating the development of cancer cells are increasingly being used. Such tumor markers make it possible not only to identify already existing malignant processes, but also to determine in advance the likelihood of the degeneration of benign tissues into cancerous foci.

Women's diseases associated with the reproductive system are very dangerous. They can lead not only to infertility, but also to the development of cancer. One of these diseases is the right ovarian cyst. If you do not pay attention to its appearance in time, then the consequences can be serious. A cystic formation of the right ovary is a benign formation that appears in the female body on the right side. The cause of the neoplasm, as well as the internal accumulation of the cyst, depends on its origin.

Luteal cyst of the right ovary is a disease that occurs as a result of a large number of factors. Despite the fact that in modern medicine there is the possibility of diagnosing a cyst of the right ovary, the causes of its occurrence still remain a mystery.

One of the most common causes of functional changes in the body is hormonal changes. Besides, fluid formation of the left ovary and right can be associated with the following disorders:

• Constant stress and nervous shock.
• Failure of the ovaries.
• Inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes.
• Dysfunction of the thyroid gland, as well as weight problems.
• Abortion.
• Violation of the menstrual cycle.

All of these factors can cause the disease, and depending on the definition of the cause, the cyst on the ovary is treated.

Cyst symptoms

When diagnosed, doctors most often find a cyst of the right ovary. The patient comes to the doctor not because something hurts, but in order to conduct a preventive examination. And as a result of it, a disease is discovered, the treatment of which must be carried out immediately so that it does not lead to serious consequences. As a rule, the size of the neoplasm can be no more than 3 centimeters. The main symptoms include:

• Pain that occurs periodically in the lower abdominal cavity.
• The menstrual cycle is disturbed, it can be expressed in a delay in menstruation or in the appearance of profuse bleeding.
• During intercourse, pain appears in the lower abdomen.
• Increased body temperature for a long time.
• There is blood in the discharge.
• Weakness and dizziness.

If you notice such symptoms in your condition, then you need to consult a doctor for an examination in order to avoid serious violations in the future.

Types of cystic formations

If we talk about cystic formation in the right ovary, then two main types can be distinguished.

• Functional impairment... In women of reproductive age, luteic and follicular acid is produced, and in the event of a malfunction of the internal organs, neoplasms appear that must be treated.
• Genetic pathologies- associated with genetic diseases of the mother during pregnancy.

In addition, neoplasms can be single or multiple, single-chambered and multi-chambered. A particular health hazard can be caused by a multi-chamber cyst, which causes a lot of discomfort if you self-medicate and do not seek help from a doctor.

Consequences of neoplasms

If you consult a doctor in time, you can avoid serious consequences. But with self-medication, complications may appear, which are not so easy to get rid of. The main consequences of the disease include:

In order to prevent serious consequences, when the first signs appear, it is necessary to consult a doctor and carry out diagnostic measures. The following methods are widely used as diagnostics:

• Ultrasound of the cyst on the right.
• Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity.
• Puncture, thanks to which you can find out the degree of threat of hemorrhage in the abdominal cavity.
• In addition, the patient is offered to undergo basic tests - a general blood test. When receiving an analysis on your hands, you should pay attention to the indicators of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the blood. You need to pass a biochemical analysis.
• Testing for the presence of oncology.

After passing all the listed examinations, it will be possible to conclude that surgery or conservative treatment is necessary.

Treatment of a cystic neoplasm

Treatment is prescribed depending on the causes of the appearance and the type of education. The corpus luteum forms on the ovary and can be voluminous. If it is small and does not pose any danger, then the doctor prescribes conservative treatment. If the cyst is small, it is monitored without any medical intervention. Consider several treatment options:

Much in the appointment of treatment also depends on the age of the women. If a woman is of childbearing age, then she is not prescribed ovarian resection. If we are talking about a woman who is not of childbearing age, then the ovary can be removed. After surgery, hormone therapy is prescribed, which can last up to 3 months. It is necessary to create support for the body and the impossibility of the appearance of inflammatory processes in the future.

In order for the disease not to pass into a dangerous stage, it is necessary to visit a gynecologist at least twice a year. Timely detection of a cyst will prevent serious disorders in the body.

Attention, only TODAY!

- a tumor-like fluid formation, but only appearance connects a cyst with a tumor. A retention cyst is a kind of sac containing fluid; cysts do not have metastasis. Ovarian retention formation is the most common, but most harmless type of cyst.

Types of retention formations

Basically, the retention formation of the right and left ovary are benign, in rare cases, some of them can degenerate into oncological diseases. There are two main types of retention structures:

1. ... They are divided into two subtypes - follicular cyst and corpus luteum cyst. This is the most common type of cyst, it is more common in women ready for childbirth, and less often in women after menopause and in newborns.
2. Endometrioid cyst... Endometriosis is a pathology in which the inside of the uterus is outside the organ. Such formations are also called "chocolate" because of their dark brown color. Symptoms of such a cyst are nausea, bouts of abdominal pain during menstruation. Loss of consciousness often occurs.

Treatment of an ovarian retention cyst

Adequate treatment of the retention formation of the left and right ovary can only be prescribed by a gynecologist. There are two effective methods of treating such formations:

1. Observation - some retention formations are able to dissolve by themselves after a few months. If your gynecologist suggested that you come for a second ultrasound scan in a few months, then he chose a wait and see position. Perhaps, when you visit the ultrasound office again, you will not see the cysts in the picture.
2. Removal - this type of treatment is prescribed for pronounced manifestations of symptoms - severe pain, nausea, large education. The retention cyst of the right and left ovary can also be removed promptly to determine that it is not cancerous.

Retention cysts are cavities filled with fluid or blood. Despite the fact that they are benign and do not metastasize, these cysts can rupture and cause complications.

Therefore, every woman needs to know about this pathology in order to start prevention or treatment on time.

Retention cysts of one or both ovaries are common female pathologies, accounting for almost a fifth of all gynecological diseases.

Left

A retention cyst of the left ovary can develop after an abdominal injury, during the period of hormonal changes during puberty or the onset of menopause.

An increase in the level of androgens (male hormones) interferes with the maturation and release of the egg, causing retention of the left ovary. Inflammation of the appendages on the left is rarely characterized by severe symptoms, therefore, it is often detected only during examination.

Right

The retention cyst of the right ovary, as well as the left, still does not have precisely determined causes. The most probable theory hypothesis is an imbalance in the pituitary hormones.

The provoking factors of the cyst of the right ovary can be nervous overstrain, constant stress, obesity or, conversely, underweight, inflammatory processes, transferred venereal diseases.

Retention disease of the right ovary can develop with hypothyroidism - a malfunction of the thyroid gland. If the doctor suspects that a woman has a cyst of the right ovary, early pregnancy and the likelihood of luteal formation should be ruled out.

With a sharp increase in the cyst of the right ovary, the symptoms intensify, you can see the asymmetry of the lower abdomen.

Causes

Retention ovarian formation is caused by various reasons:

• earlier puberty, hormonal disruptions;
• inflammation of the uterus - endometriosis, in which endometrial cells enter the ovary;
• violation of the release of a mature egg from the follicle;
• abortions, after which there may also be a drift of modified cells into the sex glands.

Types of retention cysts

Retention cysts can form on any internal organs - on the lips, lungs, salivary gland. Gynecologists find similar formations on the cervix, right or left ovary.

Read also: What is ovarian cystosis - effective treatments

Depending on the localization, ovarian retention cysts are subdivided into:

• luteal - formed at the site of the corpus luteum;
• paraovarian - formed from the ovarian appendages;
• follicular - develop at the site of an unruptured follicle.

Symptoms

There are no obvious clinical manifestations with small retention formations. Pathology is often detected by chance - during a planned gynecological examination or diagnosis of other diseases of the pelvic organs.

Symptoms of a retention cyst with an increase in its size are characterized by:

• discomfort, pain in the ovarian area;
• violation of the menstrual cycle (change in timing, increased or scanty bloody discharge);
• discomfort during sexual intercourse;
• feeling of heaviness, bloating.

If the right ovary is damaged, a woman may be disturbed by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes constipation. In these cases it is necessary to differentiate appendicitis. Acute conditions associated with rupture or torsion of the leg give symptoms of "acute abdomen" - peritonitis.

Diagnostics

The methods of diagnosing the disease are traditional:

• gynecological examination, clarification of the anamnesis and complaints of the patient;
• transvaginal ultrasound examination of the ovaries and other organs of the small pelvis.

Retention formation of the ovary must be differentiated from pregnancy, malignant neoplasms, or inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs. With a complicated course of the disease, MRI, CT, puncture of the contents of the neoplasm are prescribed.

Treatment

For the treatment of retention formation of the ovary, conservative and surgical techniques are used. At the initial stages of the development of pathology, in addition to traditional therapy, traditional medicine is prescribed: candles, decoctions, infusions, tampons.

Kalanchoe candle

• feathery Kalanchoe - has the most pronounced healing properties;
• Kalanchoe Degremona - used in folk medicine;
• Kalanchoe Blossfeld - has medicinal properties, but is more appreciated as decorative.

Recipe for candles: pluck a few Kalanchoe leaves, rinse well with warm water, squeeze out the juice and mix it with corn flour. For elasticity, you can add a few drops of sea buckthorn oil. Cut the resulting tight dough into candles and freeze in the refrigerator.

Suppositories for the treatment of ovarian retention cysts should preferably be inserted into the vagina at night. In the morning, you can use a syringe with warm chamomile broth. The treatment lasts up to 2-3 months. Instead of candles, you can use hygienic tampons moistened with Kalanchoe juice.

Read also: What are multifollicular ovaries - symptoms and treatment

Hirudotherapy

The leech treatment method is safe and effective. The saliva of these unique worms contains biologically active substances, stimulates blood circulation.

The only discomfort that women experience with this procedure is the punctures of the skin leeches with chitinous teeth in the epididymis.

The number of animals and the duration of the procedures are determined by the hirudotherapist individually for each woman.

Hirudotherapy is contraindicated in patients with low blood clotting.

Burdock juice swabs

Treatment with burdock juice is possible only in the spring-summer period. In August, the leaves of the plant wilt, so they cannot be used for treatment. Fresh leaves must be thoroughly washed from dust, squeezed out the juice, moistened with a cotton-gauze swab and inserted into the vagina at night.

Caution: When using candles or tampons for the first time, you should not use a large amount of juice - in some patients, plant components can cause discomfort in the form of itching, burning, swelling.

In this case, the treatment should be stopped, syringed with clean water or chamomile decoction. In case of a severe allergic reaction, immediately consult a gynecologist.

Mud treatment

Mud therapy belongs to the official methods of physiotherapy. But this method has many contraindications, so you cannot self-medicate.

Mud treatment should only take place in a physiotherapy department of a sanatorium or hospital.

Herbal preparations

Herbal medicine for retention formation is not a panacea, but an additional treatment. It is recommended to use tinctures and infusions, decoctions of borax uterus, celandine, thyme, marigold flowers, nettle leaves. Fresh juices of Kalanchoe or nettle, viburnum are useful.

Herbal treatment should be supervised by a gynecologist or phytotherapist. After the course of treatment with non-traditional methods, it is necessary to undergo a control ultrasound examination.

Complications

Some doctors believe that the most common complication is the retention cyst of the right ovary. It is formed earlier than in the left, it functions more actively.

The neoplasm of the left appendage can be complicated by the formation of the pedicle and its torsion, which leads to rupture of the capsule, blood loss, further necrosis of the compressed intestine, peritonitis.

What is a retention cystic formation on the ovary? A retention ovarian cyst is a tumor-like cavity structure on one or both gonads, the interior of which is filled with a fluid or thick substance with blood. Unlike a tumor, ovarian retention structures do not undergo cancerous degeneration.

The types of retention cysts include:

1. Follicular ovarian cyst, which is formed from a follicle that has not burst in a timely manner, as it normally happens during ovulation (release of an egg). It usually resolves itself in 2 to 3 monthly cycles.
2. Paraovarial cyst, which forms during the period of intrauterine development. It never dissolves, it is removed only by surgery.
3. Cyst of the corpus luteum, the formation of which is associated with impaired development and regression of the corpus luteum after ovulation. Able to regress without treatment for 2 to 4 menstrual cycles.
4. An endometrioid cyst that grows from cells in the lining of the uterus that invade the ovary. This type of cyst must be treated without fail, combining medication and surgical treatment.

Therapies

If there is a retention formation on the ovary, the doctor, on the basis of diagnostic data, analyzes the parameters of the cyst, the likelihood of complications, concomitant conditions, including pregnancy and its planning, internal diseases and the patient's age.

With the small size of the cystic capsule, the absence of noticeable symptoms, the tactics of waiting and constantly monitoring any changes are chosen. In case of growth of education, removal of the retention cyst becomes the only correct solution.

It is important to understand that each type of retention cyst has its own characteristics of the course, development and treatment.

In gynecological practice, a retention cyst of the right ovary is more common due to a more active blood supply to its tissues. But the treatment does not depend on where the cyst originated - on the right or on the left.

However, the symptoms that the retention formation of the right ovary gives are often confused with signs of inflammation of the appendix, and the retention cyst of the left ovary, on clinical grounds, resembles a tumor of the sigmoid colon.

Physiotherapy

If an ovarian retention cyst is diagnosed, then in the case of a follicular formation or a corpus luteum cyst, the doctor may prescribe special physiotherapy to accelerate resorption, including:

• electrophoresis;
• magnetophoresis, electrophoresis;
• radon baths;
• inductothermy.

Important. Physiotherapy with external heating is prohibited at the slightest suspicion of oncology, with an increase in temperature and any inflammatory processes. Sunbathing in direct sunlight, saunas, baths, steam rooms, hot baths is prohibited.

Drug treatment

As for drugs, as a rule, they are prescribed if the retention cyst of the ovary refers to the growth of the corpus luteum and endometriotic formation.

It should be understood that the endometrioid retention formation of the ovary will not disappear under the influence of medication alone. This is possible in rare cases at the initial stage of the process, when the focus of endometrial cells in the ovary is very small.

Medicines can slow down the growth of the cyst and prevent recurrence of the spread of endometrial cells from the uterus to the pelvic organs. The course of treatment usually lasts at least 2 to 3 months.

Traditional drugs:

1. Hormonal agents that replace steroids produced by the ovaries. These include:

• estrogen-containing drugs (Klimara, Ovestin, Sinestrol, Ovipol Clio);
• funds with progesterone (Duphaston, Progestin, Prajisan, Crinon);
• a new drug with dienogest - Visanne, which suppresses the development of endometriosis.

1. Combined contraceptive pills containing two hormones to normalize the ratio between the amount of different steroids in the female body (Femoden, Jess, Diana 35, Yarina, Marvelon, Janine, Rigevidon, Logest, Trikvilar, Novinet).
2. Drugs that lower blood sugar levels, while normalizing body weight and the monthly cycle, stimulating ovulation. Only under regular monitoring of glucose levels (Metformin, Siafor, Glucophage, Formetin, Glycon).
3. Means that suppress the production of male steroids - androgens. They allow you to suspend the function of the ovaries, slowing down the growth of cysts and preventing the formation of new structures (Androkur, Veroshpiron).
4. Anti-inflammatory drugs. They relieve the inflammatory process, suppress the growth of cysts (Ibusan, Faspik, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Movalis, Nimesulide).
5. Analgesics and antispasmodics. They remove pain syndrome, reduce spasms. No-shpa or Drotaverin, Spazmolgon, Ketonal.
6. Calming (sedative) drugs (Afobazol, Novopassit, Neurofazol, Mebikar, tincture of valerian root, motherwort herb, peony evading).

Doses of these drugs are prescribed only by the attending physician, based on a blood test for hormonal composition, since only a specialist is able to analyze deviations from the norm. In addition, the amount of medication prescribed will depend on the type of cyst.

Self-use of funds can only provoke the growth of a retention cyst and worsen the situation.

Surgery

Surgical treatment is mandatory:

• in the case of paraovarial and endometrioid cysts;
• if the retention formation of the left ovary, right or on both gonads has grown to a critical size (usually more than 60 mm);
• with life-threatening complications, including rupture, suppuration of the cyst, twisting of its legs;
• with suspicion of malignant tissue degeneration.

If a small retention cyst decreases during treatment with hormonal drugs, then the therapy is prolonged until it completely regresses. But in the case when conservative methods do not inhibit the growth of the cyst, the question of the operation is resolved.

2 types of operations are performed, depending on the size of education, contraindications, age and the woman's desire to become pregnant in the future, these include:

1. Laparoscopic lesion removal, in which the cyst is removed through small incisions in the abdominal wall. The operation is painless and anemic.
2. Laparotomy of an ovarian cyst, performed in large cystic formations, in the case of the development of cancer cells, with the spread of endometriosis to organs adjacent to the ovary, as well as in case of complications.

Treatment with folk remedies

Homemade treatments for retention cysts using proven prescriptions can be used in conjunction with, but not substituted for, medical and surgical treatments.

Doctors often prohibit the use of herbs with phytoestrogens (natural substances with hormonal action) in conjunction with hormonal pharmacological preparations. In addition, it should be borne in mind that phytoestrogens are capable of uncontrollably changing the action of basic drugs.

Treat the use of herbs, medicinal substances in the same way as medicines. Many of them are contraindicated in certain internal diseases (kidney and liver pathologies, allergic reactions, increased blood viscosity, a tendency to stroke, and others), therefore, a doctor's consultation is required before using them.

Some recipes:

1. Chaga birch tinder fungus.

It is used in the form of the drug Befungin for the treatment of tumors, including cystic formations on the ovaries. It is used for at least three monthly cycles (with a break for menstruation) a tablespoon before meals three times a day.

A home-made healing infusion of chaga will give an even more pronounced result due to the increased content of nutrients. They take 600 grams of chaga, pour it with warm water and leave for 8 hours to swell the raw material. The softened mushroom is crushed in a blender, 3 liters of water are added, the mixture is heated to 50C (avoiding boiling) and infused for 3 days at 19-25 C. Strain, diluted 2 times with boiled water and kept in the cold (no longer than 4-5 days) ...

Treatment begins immediately after menstruation, ends with the onset of the next menstruation. In the first 3 days, they drink three times a day, half a glass of infusion 30 minutes before meals. Then the dose is increased to 200 ml.

1. Borovaya uterus, red brush, winter-lover.

Three medicinal plants - borax uterus (Orthilia one-sided), Umbrella winter-lover and red brush (Rhodiola four-part) - contain biologically active substances that enhance each other's action and have the following properties:

• reduce blood clotting;
• normalize hormones and the work of the endocrine glands (adrenal glands, ovaries, thyroid gland);
• prevent the development of cancer;
• relieve inflammation, pain.

Treatment of the retention cyst is started immediately after the end of a woman's monthly bleeding.

Decoctions from boar uterus and winter lovers are prepared in the same way: from one tablespoon of dry grass, filled with hot water 250 ml. Keep on a steam bath for 10 minutes, leave for 4 hours and keep cool. If the herbs are bought at a pharmacy, decoctions are prepared according to the instructions.

A decoction of a red brush is made from 300 ml of water and a tablespoon of the root. Boil for 10 minutes in a steam bath, insist for an hour.

How to drink:

• for the first 7 days, they drink 50 ml of borax uterus broth one hour before meals three times a day;
• then 7 days, 100 ml three times a day on an empty stomach, drink infusion of a red brush;
• the third week - half a cup of winter-lover infusion in the morning.

After menstruation, the course is repeated. To enhance the result of the treatment of the retention cyst, add a teaspoon of honey (per day) and vitamin E (according to the instructions for use). Standard course - 3-4 months.

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Ovarian retention cyst

Ovaries are paired organs of a woman's reproductive system, in which sex cells (eggs) mature and sex hormones (estrogens, androgens, progesterone) are released. The ovary consists of the stroma - the upper thin shell and the follicles containing the eggs, at different stages of growth and maturation.

Each month, one of the mature follicles bursts and releases an egg, a process called ovulation. When the ovulation process is disturbed, ovarian cysts develop, which resemble an ovarian tumor, but, unlike it, do not give metastases to the lymph nodes and other organs.

A retention cyst of the ovary is a volumetric formation on the surface of an organ, characterized by the presence of a thin, sealed wall with fluid inside. Most often, blood acts as a liquid.

Causes

The cause of the development of the disease is considered to be a violation of the ovulation process, which can occur due to:

• Increases the production of estrogen in the ovaries. This hormone affects the viscosity of mucus in the uterus and in the fallopian (fallopian) tubes, a high percentage of viscosity makes it difficult for the egg to leave the follicle or completely prevents ovulation.
• Violation of the production of gonadotropic hormones. These hormones are synthesized in the pituitary gland (the central regulatory organ of the endocrine glands) and are tropic to the ovaries. Gonadotropic hormones regulate the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and participate in follicular maturation.

The reasons for the violation of the production of hormones in the pituitary gland include:

• a brain tumor;
• hereditary predisposition;
• Itsenko-Cushing's disease;
• underdevelopment of the pituitary gland;
• hemorrhagic stroke (cerebral hemorrhage);
• closed or open craniocerebral trauma;
• viral meningitis or encephalitis.

It is also possible to single out a group of women who are most prone to the occurrence of retention cysts. These include individuals with one or more predisposing factors:

• obesity;
• overweight;
• endocrine diseases (hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus);
• alcoholism;
• smoking;
• history of abortion;
• hard physical labor, professional bodybuilding, weightlifting;
• taking hormonal drugs, and in particular uncontrolled, independent use of oral contraceptives;
• endometriosis is a serious disease associated with the introduction of endometrial cells into the ovary.

The endometrium, both in the uterus and in the ovary, changes under the influence of the menstrual cycle (it matures, grows, increases in volume, is rejected by the body and leaves it in the form of menstruation). The uterus is connected to the environment through the vagina and does not obstruct the exit of the endometrium. Over time, a capsule forms around the cells, which monthly increases in volume due to the rush of blood.

Classification

By type, they are distinguished:

1. A follicular cyst formed from a follicle that has not burst during ovulation.
2. A corpus luteum cyst, which forms from a follicle in which healing processes are disrupted after ovulation has occurred.
3. Paraovarial cyst, formed from the epididymis. These cysts grow relatively slowly, but reach enormous sizes and weigh several kilograms.
4. Endometrioid cyst (the mechanism of development is described in the "Causes of the disease").

Symptoms

Small retention cyst is asymptomatic. It is usually diagnosed by chance during routine examinations by a gynecologist. Such cysts proceed without complications and in most cases resolve on their own.

With the growth of a cyst, the following symptoms are observed:

• an increase in the volume of the abdomen;
• asymmetry of the anterior abdominal wall;
• pain in the lower abdomen, aggravated by physical exertion, sexual intercourse;
• nausea;
• rarely - gagging;
• constipation;
• violation of the menstrual cycle.

With the development of complications, the symptomatic picture changes:

• cyst rupture is characterized by:
• pallor of the skin;
• clammy sweat;
• increased breathing rate;
• increased heart rate;
• lowering blood pressure, up to the onset of shock;
• sharp pains over the entire surface of the abdomen of a bursting character;
• the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are tense;
• loss of consciousness is possible;
• for the suppuration of the cyst capsule, it is characteristic:
• an increase in body temperature up to 39.00C and above;
• chills;
• dizziness;
• nausea, vomiting of intestinal contents;
• sharp headache;
• lower abdominal pain, cramps, cramps;
• increased heart rate and blood pressure;
• for torsion of the cyst leg is characteristic:
  • sharp pains in the lower abdomen;
  • vomit;
  • loss of consciousness;
  • delay in urination;
  • stool retention.

Diagnostics

1. Examination by a gynecologist is the first stage that allows you to suspect a disease. During the examination, it is possible to identify a cyst of only medium to large size by bimanual palpation. The method consists in the introduction of two fingers of the right hand into the vagina, and the fingers of the left hand are located on the front surface of the abdominal wall from below. With his left hand, the doctor first probes the right lower region, and then with the left one, the appendages of the uterus (fallopian tubes and ovaries) are located between the fingers of both hands, which makes it possible to determine the size and outline of the organs. An increase in the size of the organ will be characteristic of the retention cyst of the ovary, the surface and structure remain unchanged.
2. Laboratory methods of examination.
   • A general blood test for uncomplicated cysts will be within normal limits, if a cyst ruptures, it will be characterized by a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin and erythrocytes, an increase in the number of reticulocytes, when the legs of the cyst are twisted or infected, an increase in leukocytes, a shift in the leukocyte formula to the left, an increase in ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate ).
   • A general urine analysis for uncomplicated cysts will be within normal limits, with complicated cysts, an increase in squamous epithelium and leukocytes in the field of view is observed.
   • A blood test for pituitary hormones, a deviation from normal values ​​in one direction or another is characteristic.
3. Instrumental examination methods.
   • Ultrasound (ultrasound) of the ovaries allows you to identify a retention cyst, determine its size, and reveal the presence or absence of complications.
   • A cyst biopsy under the control of an ultrasound machine is performed to differentiate the cyst from the tumor, as well as to determine the contents in the bladder (serous fluid, blood, pus or malignant tumor cells).
   • CT (computed tomography) or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the ovaries is usually rarely prescribed, since ultrasound examination data is sufficient to establish a final diagnosis. Using these methods, you can study the cyst in more detail, the disadvantage is the high cost of the examination.
   • Puncture of the posterior fornix of the vagina. The method consists in puncturing the posterior wall of the vagina with a syringe with aspiration of the contents. If blood appears in the syringe, this indicates a rupture of the cyst and bleeding from the follicle.
   • Diagnostic laparoscopy - introduction into the pelvic cavity through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall of the endoscope. The method is used when it is impossible to examine the ovary using an ultrasound, CT or MRI machine, as well as when a malignant tumor is suspected. Laparoscopy is a rather traumatic method of examination, but it gives 100% data on the structure and type of the cyst, and with the help of a laparoscope you can puncture a cyst, stop bleeding, and small cysts can be completely removed.

   With cysts of small and medium sizes, the tactics of doctors are expectant, which consists in monthly monitoring of the affected ovary using an ultrasound machine, taking hormonal contraceptives (Janine, Novinet, etc.) according to the scheme proposed by your doctor and a course of alternative treatment, which should be the attending physician is aware.

   • The following folk recipes are used:
     • Grind 0.5 kg of viburnum through a fine sieve to separate the berries from the seeds, add liquid honey in a 1: 1 ratio to the freshly squeezed juice. The mixture is stored in the refrigerator, take 1 teaspoon in the morning on an empty stomach. The course of treatment is 2 - 3 months.
     • Black currant leaves, yarrow leaves, nettle leaves, wormwood, chamomile flowers, shepherd's purse, immortelle, elecampane root, hawthorn and caraway seeds are taken in equal proportions and chopped using a blender. 2 tablespoons of the resulting mixture are poured into a thermos and poured with 1 liter of hot boiled water. The infusion begins to be taken a day later, 1/3 cup 30 minutes before eating. Duration of treatment is 1 - 2 months.
     • 1 - 2 times a week the use of trays from the collection of herbs (flowers of calendula, tansy, leaves of coltsfoot, birch, nettle herb, wormwood, thyme, yarrow, elecampane root).
   • With the rapid growth of the cyst or with large cysts, laparoscopic surgery is performed. In the operating room, under spinal anesthesia, 3-4 abdominal incisions are performed, into which an endoscopic tube, a light source and auxiliary instruments (forceps, coagulator (electrode for making incisions and cauterizing blood vessels), aspirator, biopsy needle, etc.) are inserted.
     • A needle is inserted into the cyst, all its contents are aspirated, then the capsule is carefully cut off from the ovary, if necessary, the ovary is sutured, the sources of bleeding are cauterized.
     • The cystic bladder is removed through one of the incisions in the anterior abdominal wall and sent to a microbiological laboratory to exclude a viral infection or cancer.
     • The postoperative wound is sutured, drains are placed. After 4 - 5 days with uncomplicated surgery, the patient is discharged home.
   • For complicated ovarian cysts, laparotomy is performed. The operation is performed in an operating room under general anesthesia. A midline incision is made on the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity, a pathological ovary is brought out into the area of ​​the operating field.
     • When a cyst ruptures, a place on the ovary is excised and sutured, when a medium-sized cyst ruptures, part of the ovary is resected, and if a cyst is large, the ovary can be removed completely (resection).
     • When the legs of the cyst are twisted, the cyst is cut off, the ovary is sutured.
     • In case of purulent lesion of the ovary, the contents of the capsule are aspirated with a biopsy needle, the cyst itself is removed, trying not to damage the integrity, capturing 2 cm into healthy tissues. After resection of the cyst, the ovary is sutured. In the case of a large festering cyst, the ovary is resected.

     After carrying out all the manipulations, the surgical wound is sutured, drainage is placed and a dense aseptic bandage is applied. Discharge of such patients home is carried out no earlier than 1.5 - 2 weeks.

     If a paraovarian cyst is diagnosed, a median laparotomy is performed, the ovary and fallopian tube are resected from the side of the lesion.

   • rupture of the cyst;
   • suppuration of the cyst;
   • torsion of the cyst leg.
   • balanced diet;
   • sports (fitness, swimming, aerobics);
   • the fight against excess weight;
   • planning pregnancy;
   • use of contraceptive methods;
   • taking hormonal contraceptives only as directed by a gynecologist;
   • annual preventive examinations;
   • sanitary and educational work among the population.

eva-health.ru

Ovarian retention cyst: causes, symptoms and treatment

The ovaries are paired organs that produce sex hormones and eggs, which support the menstrual cycle and pregnancy if it occurs. If cysts form on their surface, which happens quite often, all these processes are disrupted and, accordingly, a woman faces many challenges - how to prevent complications and improve the reproductive system? Since cysts are of different types, it is natural that each of them requires an individual approach to treatment. Now we will talk about what an ovarian retention cyst is, why it occurs and how it is treated, because this type of formation is more often diagnosed in women of reproductive age.

Development mechanism

To understand what such a tumor is, it is first necessary to disassemble the mechanism of its occurrence. The main reason for the formation of a cyst is considered to be a blockage of the excretory ducts of the glands in the epididymis. The phenomenon can be provoked by various factors, for example:

• Disorders during embryonic development.
• Penetration of a foreign body into the gland.
• Scar tissue formation.
• The appearance of a secretory clot in the gland, etc.

As a result of the blockage of the duct, liquid begins to accumulate in the gland, which entails stretching its shell and the formation of a kind of bubble, the inner walls of which are completely lined with the epithelium of the gland itself or its duct.

This cyst belongs to the formations of the functional type and, depending on where it appeared, it is subdivided into several types:

• follicular;
• paraovarian;
• luteal.

Important! The cyst is not a malignant tumor, although it looks like it. The main difference from cancer is that it is not able to metastasize to neighboring tissues, since its growth does not occur due to the proliferation of pathological cells. However, this does not mean that such an education does not need to be treated! Long-term teratomas, including retentional ones, can degenerate into cancer.

Causes

More often, a cyst is diagnosed in women of childbearing age, since it is during this period that the appendages are most active. Each menstrual cycle, several structures are formed in them, which are engaged in the production of secretions. In the first half of the menstrual cycle, the production of this secret is carried out in an enhanced mode. This is necessary in order for the follicles and the eggs in them to mature normally.

However, such an increased flow of secretion often provokes a blockage of the excretory duct, as a result of which a bubble filled with pathological fluid is formed. And if we talk about what is the starting point in the development of a cyst, then it is necessary to highlight the following conditions:

• Violation of the ovulation process - the follicle does not open, and the egg remains inside it, which causes an increase in its volume.
• Failure in the resorption of the luteal body, which is formed immediately after the opening of the follicle.
• Congenital anomalies, against which the cyst begins to form even during the period of embryonic development.

These conditions are provoked by the following factors:

• Pathologies accompanying a violation of the level of hormones in the body (thyroid disease, inflammation of the appendages, etc.).
• Long-term use of oral contraceptives.
• Unstable sex life.
• Medical and surgical abortion.
• Hormonal imbalances that occur during pregnancy, puberty, or menopause.
• Frequent stress.
• Injuries to the organs of the reproductive system, resulting from a fall, impact or surgery.

In most cases, women are diagnosed with a cyst of the right ovary. This is due to the physiological characteristics of the body. The right appendage is most actively supplied with blood, therefore, various pathological processes often occur in it. The formation of the left ovary is rarely detected in women and the cause of its appearance is often disturbances in embryonic development.

Symptoms

Before considering the symptoms that manifest cysts, it must be said that some of their types can disappear after a few menstrual cycles. These include follicular formations and teratomas of the corpus luteum. And paraovarian cysts, unfortunately, do not have this ability and require constant monitoring.

While education is small, a woman may not even suspect that there is such a pathology, since she does not notice any symptoms of its development. The only thing that can bother women during this period is the delay in the menstrual cycle, which is 2 to 3 days. However, many do not even attach importance to such irregularities in the menstrual cycle, and therefore do not go to the doctor.

If the cyst does not resolve and continues to grow, then this process is accompanied by severe symptoms, which include:

• Discomfort in the lower abdomen.
• Tension of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.
• Pain that occurs during physical activity, lifting weights, engaging in sexual intercourse, etc.
• Change in subfebrile temperature (it rises to 37.5 - 37.7 degrees).
• Weakness, malaise.
• Dizziness.
• Nausea, which is often accompanied by vomiting.
• The appearance of spotting bleeding from the vagina outside of menstruation.
• Delays in menstruation, which can reach several weeks.
• Disruptions in the work of the intestines, manifested by constipation, diarrhea, bloating, etc.

These symptoms result from the fact that when the cyst becomes large, it begins to squeeze nearby tissue. This can manifest as pain, discomfort, signs of inflammation, frequent urge to urinate, etc.

Possible complications

If the cysts that form on the appendages are not treated, they continue to increase in volume and this can lead to certain complications, among which are:

• Torsion of the cyst, resulting in tissue necrosis.
• The rupture of the walls of the formation, as a result of which the development of peritonitis occurs.
• Inflammation of the cyst body, followed by suppuration, which also provokes the emergence of conditions dangerous for a woman.

Important! These complications are accompanied by severe pain syndrome, fever up to 38 degrees and above, as well as nausea and vomiting. Against the background of a ruptured cyst, severe bleeding is noted.

In addition, the appearance of a retention formation on the surface of the ovary entails temporary infertility, since the menstrual cycle is disrupted.

Diagnostics

Cysts are detected during gynecological examination. However, this method does not provide all the necessary information about education. Therefore, the next stage of diagnosis is an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.

Ultrasound shows the location of the formation (on the right or left ovary), its shape, wall thickness, and the consistency of its contents. In the event that, during the study, the doctor suspects a cyst degeneration into a cancerous tumor, then CT, MRI, biopsy and the delivery of such an analysis as the CA-125 tumor marker are additionally used. All these diagnostic methods are informative and detect cancer at the early stages of its development, which allows timely surgical intervention and avoiding negative consequences.

Treatment methods

With a small cyst, therapy is carried out only in a conservative way. Since the cause of the appearance of formations is often hormonal disorders in the body, treatment includes taking hormonal drugs, which are selected strictly on an individual basis.

An indispensable addition to hormone therapy is:

• Reception of multivitamin complexes.
• Diet.
• Compliance with the regime of the day.
• Doing light sports (swimming, fitness, etc.).

In this case, the patient is prohibited from:

• Smoke.
• Drink alcohol.
• Visit saunas and baths.
• Take hot baths.

If drug treatment does not give positive results and there is a progressive growth of the cyst, an operation is prescribed. It is carried out in several ways - laparoscopic and laparotomy. The first method is used for small cysts, the second - for large formations.

In the absence of complications, during surgery, doctors manage to preserve the ovary and its functionality. Therefore, after the end of treatment, a woman may well become pregnant and give birth to a healthy child.

A cyst is not a sentence. It can be easily cured without consequences. The main thing is to detect the problem in a timely manner and start fixing it.

stopkista.ru

Ovarian retention cyst

Home → Articles → Diseases → Gynecology → Ovarian retention cyst

A retention ovarian cyst is a neoplasm that occurs on one of a woman's two ovaries, which is a capsule filled with blood or fluid. Such cysts usually occur in women of reproductive age. Should you be afraid of them? What are they and how are they treated?

On the video: obstetrician-gynecologist, doctor of the highest category, doctor of medical sciences, professor Ter-Hovakimyan Armen Eduardovich.

Varieties

Doctors distinguish between a retention cyst of the right ovary and the left ovary, depending on where the formation is located.

These include:

• follicular, which are formed from the follicle and, according to statistics, are the most common;
• corpus luteum cysts that appear in the corpus luteum, which is located in the ovary on certain days of the menstrual cycle and begins to produce sex hormones, gestagens;
• paraovarial, formed from the ovarian appendages near the fallopian tube.

All varieties are united by the fact that they have a thin transparent capsule wall and never degenerate into malignant tumors. In addition, retention follicular and corpus luteum cysts often disappear on their own after 2-3 menstrual cycles. And just as unexpectedly as they appeared.

Symptoms Diagnostics

Often they do not show themselves in any way and are discovered by chance as a result of a routine examination by a gynecologist. However, often a woman can feel pulling pains in the lower abdomen on the right or left, depending on where the education is located. The unpleasant sensations can increase with physical activity or during intercourse. Spotting discharge may appear between menstrual bleeding.

That is why it is so important to have regular check-ups with a gynecologist once a year. After all, if you do not have any complaints, this does not mean at all that the disease in a latent form does not occur in your body. To determine the presence of a tumor, the gynecologist only needs to carry out palpation during the examination and ultrasound examination.

You will feel pronounced symptoms if the cyst has ruptured. When ruptured, the contents are poured into the abdominal cavity, severe pain appears, and the temperature rises. Symptoms of "acute abdomen" appear - muscle tension and severe pain syndrome. In this case, immediate treatment is required!

Treatment

If the formations do not reach a large size, drug therapy with oral hormonal agents is sufficient. Observation is necessary within 3 months - regular examinations by a gynecologist and ultrasound examinations. In most cases, this treatment is sufficient.

Complications

But retention cysts also have complications, especially often they occur if it is not detected in time and has already reached a large size.

The first is twisting the leg. In this case, vascular infringement occurs, blood supply is disrupted, cyst necrosis occurs. Usually, the woman feels severe abdominal pain. Immediate surgery is required.

The second is suppuration. Occurs when any infection joins. Surgical intervention is also required, followed by antibiotic therapy and observation by a gynecologist.

The third is a ruptured cyst. Due to the very thin walls of the capsule, the risk of rupture is high. An operation is also required, followed by hormonal treatment and supervision by a doctor.

Be attentive to your own health. If you have been diagnosed with "retention cyst of the right or left ovary", regularly undergo examinations with a gynecologist to monitor the dynamics. The larger the formation reaches, the higher the risk of complications!

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