What is the normal pressure of 22 years. Increased pressure in children and adolescents

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The most oldest and main clinical biomarker of a person is a pulse. It is manifested in the form of bell-shaped and rhythmic waves of increased pressure (launchers) propagating at a certain speed along the aorta and medium in size of the arteries and reduced the speed of movement (almost atohy), with approximation to small vessels.

The rhythm of the pulse is due to the number of heart blows, as a result of which blood is thrown into the arterial system. Each pulsing push into the vascular wall is one systole (reduction) of the lower chambers (ventricles).

• The frequency of pulsation is associated with the cyclicality of the heart and is the leading criterion in its functional estimate And the work of the entire vascular system.

Pully may be diagnosed - disorders in heartbeat, their strength and rhythm, vascular condition and a number of pathologies that require emergency treatment.

If the pulse shocks are characterized by neurimicity at certain time intervals, it may indicate both cardiac or hormonal problems, and be the response of the body to the patient's addiction to coffee or strong drinks.

U. Pulsation healthy man There must be not only rhythmic when pulse waves are noted one after one, but also to correspond to their frequency - the number of ripples per minute. Normal indicators The pulse, at rest, is from 60 to 90 pulsing jolts.

Human pulse rate by age and floor (Table 1)

In medicine, there are defined for adult pulse norms by age. They are drawn up on the basis of perennial research and are criteria for determining the state of health in men and women. In different floors, the indicators of the heart rate are collapsed. This is due to anatomical differences between a man and a woman.

Basically, this concerns the heart of the heart, which has a much smaller woman than in men. Therefore, for pumping the desired blood volume, the female heart has to work with great effort and the number of its jolts is normal, exceeds male to 7-10 shots.

In men, the work of the heart is distinguished by dimension, a slightly smaller indicator of the heart rate may be due to a certain sports or physical hardening. For each age group, there are certain norms of heart rate.

Table 1 - Pulse norms in women and men by age (adults)

Age \\ Yeah	Women - Pulsation per minute	Men - Pulsation per minute
from 20 to 30	60-70	50-90
from 30 to 40	70-75	60-90
from 40 to 50	75-80	60-80
from 50 to 60	80-83	65-85
from 60 to 70 and older	80-85	70-90

The indicators of blood pressure are essential when determining the heart rate on artery and vessels, moving along a large and small vascular path.

In addition to the rate of the pulse, there is a table of pressure norm by age. With it, it is possible to establish a direction in the diagnostic search, since the increase in blood pressure, and its decrease indicates the presence of pathological processes in the body.

Norms of arterial pressure by age in adults (Table 2)

Indicators of the pressure of hell with age and in sexual differences have minor differences. In young women, it is slightly lower due to less weight in youth. And after the sixty years, hell men and women are equal in connection with possible risks Vascular pathologies.

Table 2 - norms of adult women and men by age

Age	Norm hell in men	Norm hell in women
20	123/76	116/72
30	126/79	120/75
40	129/81	127/80
50	135/83	135/84
60-65	135/85	135/85
older	135/89	135/89

The decrease in the pulse blood pressure may be a consequence of the fall of the hearth, due to infarction, tamponade, paraxismal tachycardia, flickering arrhythmia, or jumps of peripheral vascular resistance, a blood flow emitted by the heart.

High ripple, displays atherosclerotic problems.

What methods exist \\ How is the pulse measured today?

Today there is a huge set modern methods pulsating measurements. For example, the latest innovations (2012) are proposed by the Americans. The Massachusetts Technology Institute proposed the development of its students to assess the pulsation on the most slightest changes in the color of the skin recorded on the video.

Then, this method was finalized, and the definition of pulsations was possible even by the slightest movement of the head caused by the speed of starting waves.

Interesting is the program "Screen Capture" and "Pulse Capture", allowing instantly and non-contact or fingerprint to measure the pulse indicators from the computer on a webcam.

FROM software The latter, you can freely familiarize yourself with the open source code laid out on the Internet.

measuring pulse on webcam

Well, and Japanese craftsmen from Fujitsu, show the world the idea of \u200b\u200bmeasuring the pulse with the help of a smartphone, submitting to the health care court created for this, software.

Well, and we "in the era when spaceships Fall ... .. "- a relatively reliable method of measuring the pulse, is a subjective assessment of the sensations of a doctor who conducts a palpation of the pulse. Often the assessment of the results of the pulsation by various doctors conducted by a survey in one patient is very different.

• Therefore, the Palpation method is considered to be allegedly diagnosed. Clarification of the diagnosis is confirmed by oscillometric and oscillographic research.

Typically, the study of palpation is carried out on one of the branches of the radial artery, passing along the back surface of the ray-taught joints. It is in the wrist zone where it is close to the skin and palpation takes place.

The wrist of the hand is covered by the brush of the second, so that the location is thumb It was on the side of the maffer, measured wrist. Pulsation is determined by the first and middle finger of an embracing hand on the middle of the wrist, slightly giving the vessel to the bone.

For the accuracy of diagnostic data of cardiac pulsation, the diagnosis of palpation is carried out on both hands. If the pulse is rhythmic, sufficiently quantities are attacked for half a minute and double them. Full counting (per minute) is carried out in explicit cases of violation of the rhythm of the pushes.

Normal indicators are due to:

1. Regularity and clarity of rhythm. It is revealed by pauses between the impetus, the same intervals between them;
2. vascular filling - with full filling them, there is a tense ripple;
3. The identical value of the pulse is a wave length of the beating, which displays the state of the vessels (expansion or narrowing) of the walls blood vessels in the phases of complete relaxation and reduction of heart muscle tissues;
4. Dimensional pulsation, reflecting the measured bloodstream progress with bloodstands with a slight acceleration in the phase of emissions into the left heart ventricle.

If necessary, pulse waves are estimated on the ripples of the temporal, sleepy, femoral, or shoulder artery. Here the palpation is carried out, as well - applied to the vessel index and middle finger.

What factors affect the pulse?

Heart rate (the number of heart cuts) corresponding to the wave of vascular deformation as a result of blood pressure with heart, is very dependent on a plurality of factors - an environmental medium, loads (physical and emotional), age.

For example, in women, the pulse normally almost seven jolts exceeds the male rate. They may increase or shrink under the action of psychophysiological or emotional state, the presence of various pathologies in the body, states after excellent meal.

The increase in the CSS indicators is noted with an active or passive change in the position of the body, or at the maximum breath. Characteristic changes on this indicator Noted at a certain time interval. Slow ripples - during the night sleep, the maximum - from the afternoon until 20 o'clock in the evening.

Healthy men have a pulse rate - 60-70 ripples in a minute interval at rest. Their changes are due to:

• myocardial reduction force;
• the amount of blood with a bell-shaped poverty;
• permeability and elasticity of vessels;
• state of vascular lumen;
• blood pressure.

It is absolutely surprising that 140 pulsations per minute is the norm of the pulse in young children, and in adults, such an indicator is already considered by the pathology that reflects the violation in the heart rhythcardia (tachycardia).

In kids, the amount of heart rate can change from the heat, and emotional bursts and accelerate even alone. Such oscillations can provoke overwork, restless state or decay of forces, infection or myocardial pathology.

In addition to various internal or external factors, I. general featureaffecting the norms of the pulse is sexuality and age.

Pulse is raised - what does this mean?

Growth and heart rate, and consequently, an increase in triggering of launchers is noted as a result of functional and pathological processes related to them:

• impact of load and sports;
• emotional influence and stress;
• hot and stuffy medium;
• strong pain syndrome.

With the genesis of a functional nature, the heartbeat remains within the normal range, albeit at the increased turn, but when the provocative factor is eliminated, it is rapidly restored. And the symptoms of tachycardia, talks about possible pathologies in the body:

• hearts I. vascular diseases (arrhythmias, ischemia, vices, etc.);
• nerve diseases;
• development of tumor processes;
• fever and infections;
• hormonal pathologies;
• malokrovia or menorrhagia.

A slight increase in pulsation is characteristic of pregnant women, and signs of functional tachycardia, often manifest in children. Such a state is the norm for active children engaged in sports. Their heart quickly adapts to such conditions. Teenagers should be treated with great attention. At this age, a vegetative cardiac diversity may develop.

For the slightest signs - pain in the chest zone, shortness of breath, dizziness, urgent consultation of the doctor is necessary. After all, in addition to the high pulse (tachycardia), the pathological state can cause it low indicators - Bradycardia.

Cardiac bradycardia - what is it?

In contrast to tachycardia, bradycardia is characterized by low, compared with the norm, pulse indicators. Genesis is due to functional and pathological disorders. Functional genesis is due to the manifestation of the reduction of ripple during the night sleep and during professional sports.

Professional athletes, it can decrease to 35 blows / min. In some cases, after receiving certain drugs, develops dosage form Bradycardia.

With pathological genesisThe disease is manifested due to:

• pathologies of vessels and hearts;
• pathologies associated with age;
• inflammatory processes B. muscle tissues Hearts.

With such bradycardia, violations are associated with pathological processes related to sinus blockade - inconsistency of the holding electric impulse between the sinus node and atrium. At the same time, tissue hypoxia develops, due to poor blood supply.

Among the pathologies provoking bradycardia note:

• hypoteriosis and hypothyroid to whom (myxedema);
• ulcerative defects in the stomach;
• intracranial hypertension.

In most cases, with a significant decrease in heart rate (less than 40 jolts), bradycardia can cause heart failure syndrome. Related features are manifested by weakness, dizziness, fainting, cold sweat and unstable pressure.

It should be remembered that with age our body does not make younger, but significantly weaken. Many patients who oversail a forty-five-year-old frontier are diagnosed with major changes in the body.

That is why it is important, in this age period, regularly undergo planned diagnostics at the cardiologist.

Arterial pressure is called blood pressure in large arteries. Two indicators of blood pressure differ - systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower). All people have individual physiological features, respectively, the level of blood pressure from different persons will be different.

A completely healthy person in independence from the age group arterial pressure Must be in the range of 140/90 mm. Pressure rate - 130/80 mm Mercury pillar. And the ideal option "like astronauts" - 120/80 mm.

Clinical picture

What do the doctors about hypertension say

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Emelyanov GV:

I have been practicing hypertension for many years. According to statistics in 89% of cases, hypertension is completed with infarction or stroke and human death. Now approximately two thirds of the patients dies during the first 5 years of the development of the disease.

The next fact is to shoot down pressure and necessary, but this does not treat the disease itself. The only medicine that is officially recommended by the Ministry of Health for the treatment of hypertension and is used by cardiologists in their work - this is Normio. The drug acts on the cause of the disease, due to which it becomes possible to completely get rid of hypertension. In addition, within the framework of the federal program, each resident of the Russian Federation can get it IS FREE.

Learn more \u003e\u003e

Exceeding indicators AD is fraught with numerous complications. Medical statistics indicate that hypertension increases the risk of stroke at 6 times, 6 times - heart failure chronic form, 4 times - infarction.

Consider what pressure rate in men depending on their age? We find out the causes and provoking hypertension factors, how is prevention?

Clinical manifestations of hypertension

Hypertensive disease appears to chronic pathology, due to which there is a persistent increase in blood pressure. Previously, the ailment was diagnosed in women and men after the age of 40, however currently Revealed a tendency to "rejuvenation".

The difficulty lies in the fact that the symptoms of the disease is unbearable, which leads to detection pathological state Not in the early stages, but in the second and third stage with existing complications.

Changes in blood vessels The long period of time may not manifest itself, for example, up to 50-60 years. In men who smoke, abuse with alcoholic beverages, signs of high pressure are detected at 35 years.

High pressure clinical symptoms:

• The rapid beat of the pulse and hearts.
• Violation spectatic perception - Reducing visual acuity, or the appearance of "pellens and flies" before your eyes.
• Periodic reduction of hearing, noise in the ears.
• Dizziness and nausea. This combination may be observed regardless of physical activity Men.
• Increased sweating painfulness In the chest.
• Headache, localized in the head and whiskey.
• Feeling anxiety, fear, panic attack.

In a man clinical symptoms Manifests not immediately, but gradually, combining a few simultaneously. The aggravation of symptoms occurs after the power load, nervous tensionor in chronic fatigue.

In addition, the patient becomes difficult to breathe, all signs of suffocation are detected, the skin of the face, the lower and upper limbs Cold. During a hypertensive attack, a cold and abundant sweat appears, the patient begins to continuously speak either in a stupor.

When such symptoms are detected in men at the age of 45-50, he needs medical care - this is a harbingers of a hypertonic crisis, fraught with serious complications.

Causes of hypertension in men

Before you know which pressure should be in an adult man, consider the etiology of the formation of arterial hypertension. The causes of high pressure are multifaceted, in a number of situations to the development of the ailments, a combination of several provoking factors leads.

In order to assign adequate conservative therapy The doctor recommends a number diagnostic eventsaimed at establishing the reasons leading to a chronic increase in blood pressure.

It is noted that in a number of situations, concomitant diseases are capable of improving blood pressure. In this case, the treatment is directed to the "source".

Causes of high pressure in men:

1. Long therapy Some drugs. As a side effect some medication drugs Contribute to increasing blood pressure.
2. Alcoholic beverages significantly increase the load on the heart muscle, and the large load will sooner or later lead to the pathological values \u200b\u200bof blood pressure.
3. The pathology of the musculoskeletal system against the background of the lack of adequate treatment leads to the lability of blood pressure.
4. Thumping syndrome. Everyone knows that after abuse alcoholic beverages, in the morning bad, in particular, the headache is manifested, nauseous, etc. This symptomatics is a consequence of blood pressure jumps. Also, alcohol delays fluid in the body, which leads to swelling, violation of the functionality of the liver and kidneys.

Harmful food habits. Men rarely follow healthy nutritionpreferring to eat semi-finished products as much meat as possible; Love salted fish Under beer and pickled mushrooms under vodka. Such a "Menu" leads to salts deposition, rebupping fluid, which in turn leads to a set of extra mass, swelling, atherosclerotic changes and hypertensive disease.

In addition to the listed moments, specific risk factors are allocated to accelerate the progression of chronic disease. These include a genetic factor, many years of smoking experience, the age of a man and his body weight.

If 2 and more risk factors are found to think about their health. Since ignoring will lead to hypertension with all the ensuing consequences.

Our readers write

Topic: Got rid of pressure

From whom: Lyudmila S. ( [Email Protected])

To whom: Site administration website

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Norma by age

To understand what normal pressure In one or another age in a man, the averaged standards provided should be known medical practice and sources of medical literature.

In 18 years of age optimal option - 120/80 mm. In principle, such values \u200b\u200bof systolic and diastolic pressure are optimal and in 45 years, and in 50 years. If the values \u200b\u200bof 130 / 80-85 mm are also normal pressure, provided that the symptoms of hypertensive disease is observed.

To speak as a whole, the blood pressure is up to 139/89 mm inclusive - these are normal indicators if there is no destructive symptoms chronic disease. When 140/90 is diagnosed, they are talking about the first degree of illness, it is recommended to pay attention to the signs indicating the violation of the work of target organs.

Blood pressure Over 150/100 in independence from age signals the impending hypertension, so it is necessary to take measures that have a detrimental state.

It is advisable to emphasize that if a man leads healthy image life, not fond of alcohol, has harmful food habits, at a timely visits the doctor and pass preventive examinations, The probability of the development of pathology is low.

The age changes "do not spare no one." Over the years, the functionality of the vessels is worsens, they are not so elastic, as before, so they are not able to fully work, respectively, the pressure of 20 and 40 years cannot be the same.

Normal values \u200b\u200bdepending on age:

• From 18 to 45 years - systolic varies from 117 to 125, diastolic 75-85.
• 40-50 years - upper - 125-135, lower - 85-90.
• 50-60 and older - heartfelt - up to 140, renal - up to 90.

With age, an increase in pressure indicators is increased, and this is due to age-related changes. Such a phenomenon acts as a type of norm, if a man feels good. Blood pressure rate on weak floor is slightly lower in young age - This is due to the smaller mass of the muscles.

But with age, in particular, after 60 years, the risk of vascular disasters is compared for both sexes.

Prevention of increased pressure in men

Unfortunately, many men prefer not to pay attention to malaise, hoping that over time everything will be held in itself. However, sooner or later, the seriousness of the problem is aware of usually after.

Any disease, including hypertensive disease, it is better to prevent than a long period of time to fight him. It is impossible to cure demise, but through preventive measures you can slow down the progression of pathology.

Prevention of arterial hypertension:

1. Failure / restriction of the cook salt.
2. Optimal physical activity.
3. Refusal of smoking and alcohol.
4. Full sleep and rest.

The lability of the blood pressure is not only the deterioration of well-being, but also, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart and renal failure And other complications of the closest future.

You can avoid this if you control your blood pressure, adhere to the advice of a doctor and prevention measures.

We draw conclusions

Infarcates and strokes are the reason for almost 70% of all deaths in the world. Seven out of ten people die due to the blockage of the arteries of the heart or brain.

Especially terrible is the fact that the mass of people do not suspect at all that they have hypertension. And they miss the opportunity to fix something, simply committed themselves to death.

Symptoms of hypertension:

• Headache
• Hardness participation
• Black dots before your eyes (flies)
• Apathy, irritability, drowsiness
• Fuzzy vision
• Sweating
• Chronic fatigue
• Entrance females
• Onnesenite and chills
• Pressure jumps

Even one of these symptoms should make thinking. And if there are two of them, then do not doubt - you have hypertension.

How to treat hypertension when there is a big number of medicines that cost huge money?

Most of the drugs will not bring any benefit, and some may even harm! At the moment, the only medicine that is officially recommended by the Ministry of Health for the treatment of oligipertonia is Normio.

Before Institute of Cardiology, together with the Ministry of Health, hold the program " without hypertension"In the framework of which the drug Normio is available IS FREE, all residents of the city and the region!

To determine the state of the human body, arterial pressure is taken into account. Its level is important for the diagnosis of many diseases. Adults have their own blood pressure standards (blood pressure) depending on age. Doctors allow some deviations, but within certain values. The increase is possible as man mature. This is due to changes in the functioning of the Cardiovascular system. To control your well-being, it is important to know the pressure standards by age.

What is blood pressure

This concept reflects the power of blood effect on the walls of the vessels. Its level is measured in millimeters of a mercury pillar (mm Hg. Art.). The indicators are fixed at the entrance to the heart (in the right atrium) and at the exit of it (in the left ventricle). Arterial pressure is divided into two main types:

• Systolic. It is also called the top, since its indicator is always greater. It reflects the power of the effect of blood on the walls of the vessels during systole - periods of pushing it from the heart. The norm is an indicator of 120 mm Hg. Art. This magnitude affects the frequency of heart abbreviations, as well as vascular resistance.
• Diastolic. Another name is the bottom. It is noted in the period of diastole - relaxation of the heart muscle when it is filled with blood. The norm is an indicator of 80 mm Hg. Art. It depends only on vascular resistance.

Considering the above values, it is easy to conclude that the norm is considered to be 120/80 mm RT. Art. On the top influence the frequency of heart abbreviations (CSS), differently - human pulse. This term means oscillations of the arteries of the arque-shaped character associated with cardiac cycles. Changing heart rate frequency does not always reflect the deviations of blood pressure. The norm of the pulse is 60-80 beats per minute. Depending on the deviation of these indicators, two varieties of pathological changes of the heart rate are distinguished:

• tachycardia - exceeding the heart rate of 80 ° C. / min.;
• bradykardia - a decrease in the number of heart rate up to 60 ° C. / min. and below.

The norms reduced by doctors are considered averaged indicators, because hell may vary depending on the set of external and internal factors. If deviations are 10-20 mm Hg. Art. And they are observed episodically to provide natural adaptation to any conditions, then there is no point in hypertension or hypotension. Such changes are not considered pathological.

One of the main factors is age. Normal blood pressure in 50 years will be somewhat higher than in 20, 30 or 40. Other factors affecting the level of blood pressure:

• emotional loads;
• consumption of coffee, tea, alcohol or some medicines;
• physical exercise;
• stress;
• times of Day;
• changes of weather conditions;
• mode and sleep sufficiency;
• malnutrition or overeating.

How to find out your normal pressure

The optimal is considered to be a blood pressure, in which a person does not feel any discomfort, but at the same time included in the framework of the norm. In determining the ideal indicators, hereditary predisposition to hypotension or hypertension is taken into account. In the first case, the pressure is slightly below the norm in 120/80 mm Hg. Art., in the second - above it. Indicators during the day may vary: they are less during sleep and more during the time of the wake of an adult.

Doctors continue controversy about Hell standards. The question is solved about what indicators are considered a deviation. Tables of normal values \u200b\u200bwere compiled many times and often changed. One of its options that are used by some modern therapists:

Age, years	Systolic, mm RT. Art.			Diastolic, mm RT. Art.
	Bottom line	Top border	Hazardous meanings	Bottom line	Top border	Hazardous meanings

The lower boundary of the systolic pressure on this table is 110 mm Hg. Art., Upper - 140 mm Hg. Art. For diastolic blood pressure, the same indicators are 60 and 90 mm Hg. Art. If you collect these values, it turns out that the pressure rate in humans in the ages is within 110 / 60-140 / 90 mm Hg. Art. Individual indicators were calculated as follows:

• systolic (garden) \u003d 109 + (0.1 x weight) + (0.5 x age);
• diastolic (DD) \u003d 63 + (0.15 x weight) + (0.1 x age).

There is another option for calculating the pressure of blood pressure. It does not take into account the weight of the patient. Only the age of man is taken into account. Formulas look like this:

• Garden \u003d 109 + (0.4 x age);
• Dad \u003d 67 + (0.3 x age).

Based on these formulas, it can be noted that the norm of blood pressure in adults increases with age. In this case, the concept of working blood pressure is applicable, which differs from optimal values. This is due to certain changes in cardiovascular system Adults. One of the factors is an age increase in the rigidity of the walls of the vessels.

Normal pressure in an adult

In 1999, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised the blood pressure and after numerous studies determined that systolic pressure should be within 110-130 mm Hg. Art., and diastolic - in the range of 65-80 mm Hg. Art. Taking into account these indicators, the following table was developed, containing normal and increased values \u200b\u200bof blood pressure:

condition	Values, mm RT. Art.
		Maximum
Hypertension 3 Stages	Above 180/110
Hypertension 2 Stages
Hypertension 1 stage
Proguertonia
Slightly elevated
Slightly reduced
Moderate hypotension
Indicated hypotension
Pronounced hypotension

Doctors still do not have a single opinion about the norm. For one patient, the 120/80 values \u200b\u200bwill be comfortable for another - a bit high. During the survey, the specialist takes into account how much a person feels well in one or another pressure level. In the future, the patient has indicators and are used to diagnose. The only condition is less than 110/60 or above 140/90 mm RT. Art. All the same are considered pathology, especially if they occur often and continue to decrease or increase.

Among women

Women's health is often associated with hormonal oscillations, from which the rule of blood pressure directly depends on the ages. For this reason, the doctors are laid in the normal indicators of the doctors inherent in fair sex to representatives in different periods their lives. For example, up to 6 months of pregnancy, a woman has no deviations from standards. In the future, progesterone begins to be produced in its body, which can cause brief differences of indicators. They are particularly more felt when changing the position of the body. The deviation of 10 mm RT is considered normal. Art.

Male and female hell has differences. In women, the heart beats somewhat stronger - 80 shots per minute compared with 72 in men. So, at the representatives of the fine sex, the ads are more likely to change during their lives, but at the same time they have less a tendency to hypertension, at least before Klimaksa is the extinction of the reproductive function. During this period, the amount of estrogen is reduced, which prevents the narrowing of the lumen of the vessels and the accumulation of cholesterol, which helps to preserve natural blood flow. Pressure and pulse norms for women:

Age, years / normal blood pressure	Upper, mm Hg. Art.	Lower, mm RT. Art.	Pulse, shock / min.	For men

In an adult man

For representatives of strong sex characteristic more high rates AD compared with standards for women. This is due to the fact that the more powerful skeleton and muscles of men require more nutrition, which is ensured by blood flow. Because of this, the degree of resistance of the vascular walls current is rising. The norm of blood pressure in adult men:

Age, years	Upper blood pressure rate, mm Hg. Art.	Lower pressure rate by age, mm Hg. Art.	Pulse, shock / min.

Individual version of blood pressure

Indicators of the norm of blood pressure in adults depend not only on the floor and age, but also from some physiological characteristics of the patient. For example, in the presence of atherosclerosis of the brain vessels, it should be higher. Only so blood flow will be normal, and otherwise the patient will begin to suffer from dizziness, nausea, headaches. The pressure of hell in adults changes depending on several factors:

• quality composition of blood (it may vary with diabetes and autoimmune diseases);
• heart rate intensity;
• pathologies thyroid gland;
• presence on the walls of cholesterol savings vessels;
• elasticity of vessels, their abnormal expansion or narrowing (stenosis) under the action of emotional or hormonal changes.

Elevated blood pressure

Hypertension is a persistent increase in blood pressure. When it is diagnosed, it is important to determine: this is a single increase in indicators on objective reasons (alcohol consumption, stress, drug intake) or there is a tendency to continuously exceeding the norm, for example, at the end of the working day. If a high values Hell are fixed repeatedly, then hypertension has. The first stage begins with indicators in 139/89 mm Hg. Art. Possible reasons Hypertension:

• side effects some drugs;
• heart pathologists endocrine system or kidney;
• frequent stress;
• genetic predisposition;
• blood diseases;
• stroke;
• heart failure;
• osteochondrosis;
• smoking;
• incorrect meals

These are the causes of secondary hypertension that occurs on the background of diseases internal organs or special states of the body. It is also called symptomatic. Another form of hypertension is primary, or essential. Its reasons are not known for sure. Doctors suggest that the risk factor is hereditary changes in the cardiovascular system. The reasons for primary hypertension are additionally referred to:

• strong stress;
• lack of renal performance;
• low motor activity;
• excess salt and fluid in the diet;
• excess weight.

In total there are 3 hypertension stages. Depending on the degree of progression, pathology causes an adult different symptoms. In the first stage, a person may not even feel the rise of hell. He can only have pain in the head, sleep impairment and an increase in the tone of the arteries of the Eye Dna. When measuring hell, you can get the indicators 140 / 90-159 / 99 mm Hg. Art. It can normalize independently after a complete rest. At the following stages of hypertension, other symptoms are joined:

1. On the second, shortness of breath appears when loading, dizziness, angina. The patient continues to torment headaches, bad Son., redness of the face. The indicators of the tonometer vary in the range of 160/100-179 / 109 mm RT. Art.
2. On the third hell exceeds the indicators of 180/110 mm RT. Art. The symptoms of the second stage are nausea, rapid heartbeat, sweating, vision disorder, memory deterioration.

Reduced blood pressure

When hell episodically decreases, adult diagnoses hypotension. It is less dangerous in relation to possible complicationsBut delivers a person discomfort. Most patients with hypotension have a diagnosis of "Vegeta Dystonia". With such pathology, hell decreases even with the slightest changes in conditions ambient. In this case, hypotension is accompanied by general lethargy, malaise, dizziness, nausea. Besides vegeta dystoniaLow pressure can cause:

• heart failure;
• stomach ulcer;
• pancreatitis;
• sharp climate change;
• overwork;
• tuberculosis;
• myocardial infarction;
• anemia;
• cystitis;
• psychological injuries;
• depression;
• chronic fatigue;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• hepatitis;
• acute and chronic bleeding;
• addison disease;
• anaphylactic and other types of shock;
• overdose of nitroglycerin, diuretic or antihypertensive medicines;
• osteocondritis of the spine;
• internal injuries;
• diabetes And other endocrine disorders.

The main signs of attacks of hypotension are somewhat blurred, which is often confused with other diseases. Its main difference is to reduce blood pressure below 90/60 mm Hg. Art. Hypotension leads to oxygen starvation of the brain, due to which symptoms characteristic of it can manifest itself from almost all systems. Among the most common symptoms are allocated:

• numbness of the limbs;
• soreness of muscles and skin;
• scattered;
• weetchiness;
• stupid headache in temporal and frontal areas;
• dyspnea;
• fainting;
• rapid pulse;
• pale leather, scoring fingertips;
• sweetness gait;
• short-term violations;
• damage in the eyes with sharp movements;
• thermoregulation disorders;
• poothness palms and stop.

Measuring at home

For measuring hell use special device - Tonometer. In addition to mechanical models, today there are electronic, which themselves calculate the pressure level. To obtain accurate indicators, the procedure for measuring hell is important to properly prepare:

• do not smoke and do not eat half an hour before manipulation;
• ensure a comfortable situation for 5-10 minutes;
• visit the toilet to devastate bladder.

Measure hell is needed on both hands. It is recommended to do it in different positions: sitting, standing, lying. If an electronic tonometer is used, then listen to the pulse will not need. After a set in the air cuff, the device will start to produce it to measure blood pressure. When using a mechanical tonometer to determine the pressure, follow the instructions:

1. Release the air from the cuff, squeezing it with your hands.
2. Will over with her hand above the elbow so that the rubber tube is on the front of the hand slightly above its fold. In the same place to install a stethoscope head. It looks like a round metal item.
3. In the ears insert the ends of the binaural tubes - they are from the opposite part of the stethoscope.
4. Next start to pump air. Do it until the moment until the arrow does not reach the indicator by 10-20 mm Hg. Art. higher than your usual pressure.
5. Then gradually start spinning the air valve on the pear to produce air.
6. At this time, you need to listen to the sounds on the elbow bending. The first of them will indicate the upper systolic pressure - you need to notice how the arrow will be at this moment.
7. You need to continue to listen to the artery until the last sound. The indicator on the pressure gauge at this point reflects the lower (diastolic) pressure.

Video

Blood pressure is a purely individual indicator and is depending on many factors. And, nevertheless, there is a certain averaged medical rate. That is why deviations from the accepted indicators allow the doctor to suspect failures in the work of the body systems.

However, you need to remember that the indicators may change. It depends, for example, from time to time, as well as age of a person. So, the pressure of man is the norm by age, what is she?

What is blood pressure?

This concept hides the force that the blood flow on the walls of the vessels is hidden. The blood pressure depends on how speed and power is the human heart, as well as the total blood volume, which it can skip through itself within a minute.

And recognized pressure rate by age - one of the medical records proper work Hearts, vegetative nervous system, as well as endocrine.

Pressure rate

Normal pressure in an adult must be determined only at rest, since any load (and physical, and emotional) have a tremendous impact on its indicators. The human body independently controls hell, and under moderate load, its indicators rise by about 20 mm.rt.st. This is explained by the fact that muscles involved in the work and organs require better blood supply.

If we talk about what arterial pressure is considered normal, at the moment, the medicine is recognized in the range of 91 ... 139/61 ... 89 mm.rt.st. At the same time, the absolute norm is considered to be a blood pressure 120/80 mm. The stall, slightly elevated - 130/85 mm.rt.st, increased normal - 139/89 mm.rt.st. Raising numbers is higher than 140/90 mm.T.The is already talking about the presence of pathology.

With age in the body of a person occur irreversible processeswhich provoke growth pressure throughout life. The older man, the higher the indicators of its blood pressure.

Arterial pressure: norm by age

What is the normal pressure of a person? The question is somewhat abstract, because the norm for each person is most often individual. Training medical literature It proposes to accept the number of numbers in 120/80 mm.rt.st. These indicators are registered in people aged 20 ....40.

Normal blood pressure for a person aged 16 ... 20 years can be slightly lowered. This also applies to the systolic, diastolic indicator. In general, the pressure in the late 100/70 mm.rt.st. It is a physiological norm.

Pressure standards for age (the table is shown slightly lower) are determined by the following indicators:

Age (years)	Men	Women
20	123/76	116/72
Up to 30.	126/79	120/75
30 – 40	129/81	127/80
40 – 50	135/83	137/84
50 – 60	142/85	144/85
Older 70.	142/80	159/85

As the person's pressure table shows, age changes relate to both the upper, and lower blood pressure indicators. But it must be remembered that these are just averaged clinical indicators.

But not only an increase, but also a decrease in blood pressure indicators is a faithful sign of deterioration of the body's systems. That is why the ability to use a tonometer can be attributed to the good prevention of almost all diseases. And to track the dynamics of pressure change, you need to keep a special diary.

How to measure pressure?

To measure arterial pressure, there is a special device - a tonometer. At home, it is convenient to use automatic or semi-automatic devices, since the measurement of the manual tonometer requires a certain skill.

To obtain the right results, the following recommendations must be followed:

• before measuring the pressure, you must completely eliminate the physical exertion;
• no smoking;
• measuring hell immediately after eating will also give incorrect results;
• measure pressure sitting on a comfortable chair;
• the back should be a support;
• the hand on which the measurement is carried out should be located at the heart level, i.e. pressure measuring sitting at the table;
• when measuring pressure, you need to save fixedness and not to talk;
• indicators are removed from both hands (measuring interval 10 minutes)

Significant deviations from the norm require a mandatory consultation of a specialist doctor. Only doctor after passing all diagnostic procedureswill be able to choose adequate treatment of the existing problem.

Normal deviation: probable reasons

The reasons that can provoke blood pressure changes are quite a lot. But the most common are the following:

1. The inability of the heart to operate in the same mode and with the necessary force.
2. Change blood quality. With age, it becomes more dense. And the thick blood, the more harder to flow along the vessels. The cause of the thicance can be, for example, such complex diseases as diabetes or autoimmune pathologies.
3. Reducing the elasticity of vessels. This causes an irregular nutrition system, increased loads, specific drugs.
4. The formation of atherosclerotic plaques forming with an increased content of "bad" cholesterol.
5. A sharp change in the lumen of the vessel caused by hormones.
6. Improper work of endocrine glands.

The main part of the reasons for pressure surges can be eliminated independently, which will allow to keep health as long as possible. Properly selected diet, keeping active image Life, calm attitude to life, allowing to avoid stressful situations. Compliance with these simple rules allows normalizing pressure.

Pulse, as an indicator of health

The next indicator of the state of health, along with the figures of blood pressure, is the pulse. Normal is considered a pulse in the range of 60 ... 80 beats / min. The more intense is the metabolism, the higher the number of shocks per minute.

As well as for the blood indicators, there are its averaged standards for different age categories.

Measuring the pulse, you can learn to recognize the approaching problem. For example, if the number of heart impacts increased 2-3 hours after meals, you can suspect poisoning.

The magnetic storm in humans are sharply responding to a sharp change of weather causes a decrease in blood pressure. This organism responds with an increase in the pulse rate to support the optimal level of blood pressure.

The dressed up pulse whose strikes a person feels very clearly, speaks of a sharp increase in blood pressure.

Blood pressure is variable parameters that may vary under the influence of multiple factors - bad weather, strong stress, fatigue, physical exertion, etc.

Minor differences do not cause dangers, most often, they pass unnoticed for a person. But, here is a persistent increase in blood pressure causes a significant deterioration in the patient's well-being, and may lead to serious complications.

To understand what is a normal blood pressure, which means the digits of blood pressure, and what pressure is considered increased, it is not necessary to have a medical degree, it is enough to be just interested in a person.

Blood pressure of man

The norm in an adult is considered to be pressure 120/80. But, can there be such a value of fixed and not changing if a person is constantly moving and exposed to various factors?

Features of blood pressure indicators:

• If you consider that all people are different, everyone has individual features The body, the blood pressure will still deviate a little from the norm.
• At the moment, at least modern medicine Requested from obsolete formulas for the calculation of blood pressure, where half of a person, its weight, growth, age, and so on was taken into account. Anyway, it is not rarely referred to the past calculations.

For example, for thin women aged 20-30 years, the pressure of 110/70 is considered to be normal, and if there is a deviation for 20 mm mercury pillars, they will deteriorate well. For sports men aged 20-30 years, the pressure is considered 130/80.

When the pressure is measured, they always receive indicators that mean the following:

1. The first indicator is systolic or top (patients call it heart) pressure, which is fixed at the time of maximum reduction of the heart muscle.
2. The second indicator is diastolic or lower (vascular) pressure, is recorded during the maximum muscle relaxation.
3. The pulse pressure indicates the difference between cardiac and vascular pressure (normally 20-30 mm).

Why are the normal indicators so important? The fact is that exactly the pressure whose norm is not exceeded, is considered ideal for the full work of the body and its internal organs, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases is reduced.

In addition to blood pressure, the following types of pressure differ:

• Intracardiac.
• Venous.
• Capillary.

However, all these types of pressure cause difficulties in measuring indicators. Therefore, in almost all cases, with the exception of surgical intervention, blood pressure is measured by the Korotkov method.

Blood pressure, norms by age

As already mentioned above, the norm for an adult aged 20-40 years is considered to be 120/80, this value offers medical literature. Normal indicators aged 16 to 20 years will be slightly lowered. There is such a concept as working pressure:

1. As a rule, it almost never corresponds to the norm, but, at the same time, human well-being in a great, there are no complaints.
2. Such pressure is more relevant for people from 60 years, which have a diagnosis of hypertensive disease.

The diagnosis of arterial hypertension is raised when the indicators 140/90 at the age of 20-40 years are exceeded. Many older people over 60, feel great with the indicators 150/80.

In this case, pressure should not be reduced. The fact is that atherosclerosis of vessels of brain hemispheres occurs with age, and to ensure full blood circulation, a higher pressure is necessary.

You can also give another example, young hypotonics at the age of 20-30 years of age live with a pressure of 95/60, and if they have an ideal pressure of 120/80, then all symptoms of a hypertonic crisis will appear. , norms by age:

• Up to 20 years old in men 122/79, in women 116/72.
• Up to 30 years old in men 126/79, in women 120/75.
• 30-40 years old in men 129/81, in women 127/80.
• 40-50 years old in men 135/83, in women 137/84.
• 50-60 years in men 142/85, women 144/85.
• 70 years in men 142/80, in women 159/85.

The table clearly shows that up to 30-40 years in women the pressure is lower than that of representatives of the strong floor, and starting from 40 to 70 years, blood pressure becomes higher.

However, these are averaged indicators by human age. There are many factors affecting pressure indicators. A sharp pressure jump is equally exposed to a young guy at the age of 20, and elderly woman After 60 years.

Based on medical statistics, we can say that men over 40 years old are exposed to more risk, which smoke, have extra weight and diabetes in an anamnesis. For such an age group, constant control of its pressure is needed.

With a pressure of 280/140, hypertensive crisis comes, which must be immediately stopped. In this case, you first need to call ambulance, And before her arrival, try to reduce the pressure on their own.

You can measure the measurement of indicators not only on your hands, but you can measure the pressure on the legs. As a rule, the pressure on the legs and the hands does not differ in more than 20 mm mercury pillars.

If this indicator is exceeded, and the pressure on the legs is greater than on the hands, the reason to beat the alarm.

Adult adult parameters in children differ from adults. Blood pressure It grows, starting at the birth of a child, then its growth becomes slower, some jumps in adolescence occur, after pressure stabilizes as an adult.

The vessels of the newborn baby are elastic, their lumen is wide enough, the capillary network is greater, therefore, for it, normal pressure is 60/40. As the child grows and the formation of its body, the blood pressure increases by the year and amounts to 90 (100) / 40 (60).

IN recent times arterial hypertension diagnosed in children and adolescents:

1. Exposure to increased pressure is observed during the period of the organism.
2. The pubertal period causes a danger, because the person at this time is no longer a child, but also not an adult.

Often, at this age, the instability of the nervous system leads to the sharp pressure drops. Pathological deviations from the norm must be seen on time, and are quickly eliminated. This task of parents.

The most common reasons for increased blood pressure in children and adolescents include:

• Excess weight.
• Children's fears and experiences when the child saves them in itself, not telling parents.
• Absence physical Loadswhat is peculiar to almost all modern children because they are passionate computer gamesand move only in physical education lessons.
• Oxygen fasting fabrics, that is, the child spends very little time in the fresh air.
• Abuse of oily food, fast food, chips, sweet soda and other things that children love.
• Endocrine disorders.
• Pathological state of kidneys.

All listed circumstances adversely affect the body of the adolescent, therefore, the tension of the vessels increases, the heart functions with a larger load, in particular its left department.

If you do nothing, then your adolescent can be diagnosed with arterial hypertension, or neurocirculatory dystonia according to any type.

Everyone should know his parameters of normal pressure, it will help him avoid serious problems in future. But how to find out what hell is a person?

On the one hand, it seems that there is nothing complicated here, put on the cuff, pump air, to slowly release and listen, after fixing the data.

But, as the practice shows most of adult patients, carrying out a measurement procedure independently, make many errors, as a result, get incorrect data.

To get the right blood pressure numbers, you must follow the following rules:

1. Before the measurement, you need half an hour in calm condition.
2. For half an hour before the measurement, it is impossible to smoke.
3. When measurements immediately after eating, the numbers will be with the errors in the most side.
4. The best position for the measurement is to sit on the chair, and back to rely on his back.
5. A hand with a cuff must be at the chest level.
6. Full bladder increases blood pressure by 7-9 mm mercury post.
7. During the procedure, it is impossible to move and gesticulate, it is also not recommended to talk.

Hell always need to be measured on both hands, the secondary measurements must be made on the hand where the pressure was higher. If between your hands too much difference is not normal, you should contact the cardiologist, in detail about whether you can learn on the pages of our site.

Stepped Measurement Hell Mechanical Tonometer:

• Wash the cuff in such a way that it is 3-4 cm above the elbow hole.
• Stethoscope applied to the inner bending of the elbow, insert into the ears. At this time, you can hear clear blows of the pulse.
• To pump air to 200-220 mm, after very slowly starting to lower the air, focusing on the numbers of the tonometer. Lavieted air, it is necessary to listen to the pulse blows.
• As soon as the first pulse punch was heard, you need to register the top hell.
• When the blows disappear, you can fix the bottom hell.

To learn the pulse pressure, it is necessary to take the lower pressure from the upper pressure, and get your indicators.

Scientists have established the fact that when measuring the Korotkov method, the obtained indicators differ by 10% of the real value. Such an error is focused on the ease and availability of the procedure, while usually one measurement does not end, which allows you to reduce the error to a minimum.

Indicators Pressure from a person's complex:

1. Patients do not differ in the same figure, for example, more thin people are always lower.
2. People have dense physique, the opposite is higher than actually. Such a difference helps to level the cuff width more than 130 mm.
3. It is worth noting that there are not only full people, but there are diagnoses such as obesity 3-4 degrees, which makes it difficult to measure on the hand of a person.
4. In this embodiment, it is necessary to measure on the leg using a special cuff.

Often the doctor gets and false measurements. The fact is that there is such a concept as a "white coat syndrome", when the patient is too worried at the doctor's reception, as a result, the tonometer shows great values \u200b\u200bthan it actually is.