A blood test and urinalysis helps to study the condition of all organs and the excretory system. Other tests also allow you to check the kidneys, including functional and renal tests, instrumental examination methods. All methods will display a complete picture of the state of the organs, since the results are needed to prescribe an effective treatment regimen.
Indications for research
All types of tests are carried out in order to determine the correct diagnosis. First of all, diagnostics is needed for people who abuse alcohol, tobacco and take drugs uncontrollably. medical preparations. Patients suffering from overweight or diabetes mellitus should worry about the work of the organs. should be people who have symptoms characteristic of the development of pathology. Therefore, tests will help determine the cause of the disease. A diseased kidney indicates problems with the following symptoms:
- regular jumps in blood pressure;
- frequent urge to go to the toilet;
- an increase or decrease in the volume of urine that the body produces;
- renal spasm that occurs in the lumbar region;
- discoloration of urine, the appearance of blood impurities and a pungent odor;
- dyspnea;
- pain during urination;
- thirst and lack of appetite;
- headaches.
The main symptom of the disease is swelling, which is localized on the face and legs. If symptoms are detected, you need to take blood and urine tests, undergo an instrumental study of the kidneys.
What tests to take for kidney disease: types
With the help of a general study of urine, severe renal ailments can be detected.
Checking the chemical characteristics of urine, examining it under a microscope for pathological impurities - the OAM method. Urinalysis allows you to determine the amount of good blood cells, leukocytes, as well as color, acidity and transparency biological fluid. This type of examination also detects pathogenic impurities. A general urine test is done to diagnose pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, ICD and urethritis. Thanks to this method, the following indicators are checked in patients:
- amylase;
- glucose;
- creatinine;
- uric acid;
- urea;
- microalbumin.
General blood analysis
Tests can detect abnormalities in liver and kidney disease. Studies are effective for identifying disorders in the musculoskeletal and endocrine systems. Blood tests are also done to diagnose kidney disease. Nitrogen compounds of metabolism are excreted by paired organs. Enough high level indicates that the kidneys are not doing their job, and the doctor diagnoses the deficiency. In this, he is helped by blood indicators or special tests. Biochemistry for kidney diseases carefully examines the composition of the components to determine the degree of chronic, inflammatory processes and pathologies in the kidneys.
Renal and functional tests, their indicators
Creatinine level
Creatinine levels are low in people who consume more plant food.
The component is considered the end product of protein metabolism. Creatinine is a nitrogen substance that is not affected by physical or psychological stress, food. With a good lifestyle, the level of a substance in the blood is constant and varies depending on muscle mass. Deviations may indicate disturbances in metabolic processes, overuse medications. Low levels of the substance in the stream indicate the use of only plant foods, and are typical for people with a deficiency muscle mass. An upward change in results is provoked by the following factors:
A general urine test (its norm is known to both laboratory assistants and therapists) is laboratory research, which is mandatory and is carried out for any disease for diagnostic purposes. In this analysis, organoleptic, biochemical, physicochemical, microbiological indicators are checked, and the sediment is also studied.
Why donate?
What does a general urine test show? Why should it be submitted at all? without fail? This study is being carried out in order to understand how the kidneys work, whether there is a pathology in them, and simply for diagnosis. general condition organism. First of all, the task is to determine the function of the urinary system, as well as such diseases as nephritis, oncology, nephrosclerosis, urolithiasis, amyloidosis. In men this analysis help determine functional state prostate. Even with the banal preventive examination this procedure is mandatory and helps to early stage identify many pathologies.
The main thing is to correctly assemble
Before collecting urine for analysis, you must refrain from taking medicines. Collect the morning portion, which was formed during the night. Before this, hygiene procedures must be carried out, because microorganisms located on the genitals can affect the results of the study. It is generally better for women during menstruation to refuse to take the test. Previously, a urine test (the norm of its indicators is well known to therapists) was handed over to everyone in a glass container. However, its results could be distorted, because it is not so easy to wash it. Today, there are sterile plastic containers for collection, which are hermetically sealed with a lid and are used only once. You should collect the average portion, that is, start urinating into the toilet, and only after a few seconds - into the container.
What needs to be determined?
There are many indicators included in the analysis of urine (their norm depends on various factors). The first one is specific gravity, which in humans ranges from 1015 to 1020, as well as nitrites (they should also not be normal). The reaction of urine is normally acidic, but depending on the diet, it can be alkaline. There are substances that a healthy person should not have in the analysis, these include the following: protein, sugar, ketone bodies, urobilinogen, and bilirubin.
Leukocytes are also included in the analysis of urine, their norm in the field of view of the microscope of a laboratory assistant should be from 3 to 6. Secondary indicators include cylinders (this is the desquamated epithelium of the urinary tubules of the kidneys), hyaline (from one to two), epithelial cells(normally they should be from 4 to 5). bacteria in normal analysis urine should not be, and if they are, then we can talk about a urinary tract infection.
Indicators that can help in the diagnosis of many diseases
Specific gravity is an indicator that can increase or, conversely, decrease. An increase indicates that there is sugar, salt, or both indicators in the urine. A decrease in specific gravity down to the density of water (which is 1000) indicates that the kidneys cannot control the process of urine formation, therefore, harmful substances(waste products) are not excreted from the body. In this case, you should consider kidney failure and check kidney function in more detail (for this, a urine test is performed according to Zimnitsky). Yes and clinical analysis urine will not be superfluous to pass again, because the consumption of a large amount of liquid can reduce its specific gravity. There is no sugar in the urine of a healthy person, and if it appears, this indicates a very dangerous and formidable disease, such as diabetes. If ketone bodies are detected by making a urine test (the norm does not provide for them), then this may indicate a complication of the aforementioned disease. diabetic coma comes unexpectedly, and in advanced cases, without appropriate assistance, a person may even die.
What should not be normal
The appearance of protein in the urine is called proteinuria. This phenomenon is also abnormal. The reason lies in the fact that the permeability of the glomerular filter is disturbed. As a result, several types of proteinuria are distinguished - depending on where exactly the absorption is impaired. Glomerular proteinuria indicates a deterioration in the permeability of the glomerular filter, with impaired absorption of proteins in the tubules of the kidneys, tubular proteinuria develops.
Important point
The appearance of red blood cells in the urine in excess of the norm is called hematuria. Normally, they are most often not present, up to one cell is allowed in the field of view of the laboratory assistant's microscope. There are micro- and macrohematuria, in the first variant of red blood cells not very many, in the second they occupy the entire field of view. But in both cases it is not normal. Diseases of the kidneys, bladder can provoke an increase in this indicator. ailments such as glomerulonephritis, oncological processes cause a large number of red blood cells in the analysis, bleeding makes the urine scarlet or red. Red blood cells can be outwardly changed, contain hemoglobin or not.
Norm Options
As mentioned above, it may also contain leukocytes (their norm is a few cells in the field of view), there are also cylinders in a normal analysis. An increase in the first indicator indicates inflammation in the urinary system. There can be up to 20 leukocytes - then this is called leukocyturia. An indicator of 60 or more indicates the presence of pus in the urine, or pyuria, which is reflected in its smell and color. Cylinders, the norm of which in the analysis of urine does not exceed a few units in the field of view, can be hyaline (cells of the tubules), granular (destroyed and degenerated cells of the renal tubules), waxy (protein that has curled up in the lumen of the tubule), epithelial (desquamated epithelium of the renal tubules ), erythrocytes (erythrocytes layered on hyaline cylinders), leukocytes (leukocytes layered on elongated conglomerates).
Urinalysis for kidney disease is essential for correct diagnosis and prescription. effective treatment illness. Biochemical study of urine allows you to establish indicators such as:
- creatinine level;
- the amount of protein.
A general analysis for the presence of bacteria and microscopy of the sediment is necessary to determine diseases of the urinary system. The study of urine according to Nechiporenko establishes the number of cylinders, erythrocytes and leukocytes. It is important to determine the concentration ability of the kidneys using the Zemnitsky analysis. Creatinine daily protein, urea occur in the urine with kidney disease:
- urolithiasis;
- pyelonephritis;
- glomerulonephritis.
Therapy of diseases of the urinary system is possible only with the determination of the functional ability of the kidneys. The study establishes the degree of renal failure in a patient at the initial stage of its development. In the process of studying the material, parameters such as:
- glomerular filtration;
- creatinine;
- clearance.
The purification coefficient indicates the amount of blood free from the studied substance in the kidney for 1 min.
Creatinine clearance is easy to determine: secondary adsorption of water in renal tubules expressed as a percentage. Normally, glomerular filtration of the kidneys is 120-130 ml / min, and readsorption in the tubules of the urinary organ is 98-99%.
In many diseases, the doctor sets the amount of filtration for each of the components of the urinary organ. The obtained parameters are necessary for a functional study in kidney diseases.
Determination of urea in urine
A decrease in the amount of urea occurs when the urinary tubules are damaged, which occurs in the case of the development of renal ailments.
Chemical analysis is carried out in the laboratory. Material is prepared for the study: 40 ml of the patient's urine, porcelain dishes, a burner, nitric acid. The total amount of urea is determined by examining the volume of nitrogen produced. Excretion of the substance in insufficient quantities indicates a decrease in the excretory capacity of the kidneys. The analysis is carried out with a suspicion of a change in renal function, with the activation of protein synthesis in children and pregnant women.
An increase in the level of urea in the blood and its excretion in the urine indicates a stable state of the nitrogen excretion system through the kidneys. The amount of the compound in urine changes under the influence of pathological and physiological parameters:
- physical activity;
- features of the diet;
- taking medications.
Features of urinalysis for kidney disease
Nephropathy in pregnant women is accompanied by proteinuria of 5-8 g/l.
At severe course disease indicators increase to 25-76g / l. The disease is divided into stage III, depending on the amount of protein in the urine. In the 3rd stage of the disease, with proteinuria from 3 g / l, oliguria sets in, and cylinders are present in the urine tests. The borderline state in nephropathy is the amount of protein 0.6 g/l.
Microscopic examination of the sediment reveals granular, waxy, or hyaline casts. The number of erythrocytes is insignificant. Readsorption of the kidneys is carried out in full, and the amount of excreted nitrogen is normal.
With the development of eclampsia of pregnant women, the content of residual nitrogen increases. In the case of diabetic nephropathy, urine tests contain a small amount of protein.
Changes in urine tests in glomerulonephritis
Severe kidney damage leads to changes in indicators in general analysis urine. The results of the study indicate the presence of pathological elements:
- cylinders;
- erythrocytes;
- squirrel;
- leukocytes;
- squamous epithelium.
The presence of protein indicates the progression of the disease: its content reaches 5 g per day, and residual traces of albumin are present in the urine 6 months after the end of the disease.
Erythrocytes in the urine are the main symptom of nephritis. Their number varies from 14-5 to 50-60 in the field of view. If single erythrocytes are found, the doctor prescribes a urinalysis according to Nechiporenko to the patient. After microscopy of the sediment, leukocytes, glycine cylinders are examined, indicating a change in the tubules of the kidneys. The diffuse process is accompanied by the absence of bacteria, indicating the cessation of infectious inflammation in the urinary tract.
AT initial stage disease total urine decreased, but it increases relative density. The content of erythrocytes is 5 x 106 / μm per day, they are deformed, which indicates glomerular hematuria.
The normal form of erythrocytes indicates the absence of glomerulonephritis. immune inflammation confirmed by an increase in leukocytes, and protein loss exceeds 3 g per day.
Analysis of urine in acute inflammation of the kidneys
With pyelonephritis, the study of urine allows you to determine the type of pathogen and prescribe proper treatment. With the development of pathology in the cortical layer, a large number of leukocytes are present in the anamnesis. An increase in their number is observed in the event of an obstructive syndrome. urinary tract. The color of urine during inflammation of the renal tissue changes with the progression of the process and against the background of urolithiasis.
Leukocytes increase with the development of tubolointerstitial nephritis: cells of the renal epithelium are found in the urine. In urine, granular casts and their leukocyte counterparts are found, as well as a significant amount of mucus.
With pyelonephritis in children, alkalization of urine occurs. The normal pH of urine is between 4.8 and 7.5. For spicy inflammatory process characterized by a decrease in the density of the material under study. Normally, the relative density value is 1008-1020g/l. The specific gravity of urine in pyelonephritis depends on the amount of dissolved elements and their molecular weight.
The study of urine in urolithiasis according to Nechiporenko and Zemnitsky
With changes in indicators in the general analysis of urine and suspicion of kidney failure, the doctor recommends that the patient additional research biomaterial according to Nechiporenko.
For analysis, a medium portion of urine is provided to the laboratory. Study 1 ml of material and the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, cylinders in it.
The norm of erythrocytes is up to 1000 per 1 ml of urine, and leukocytes are contained in the amount of 4000 units per the same volume of urine. Normally, when taking tests according to Nechiporenko, hyaline cylinders are contained in an amount of 20 per 1 ml, and the presence of their other types is a pathological condition for the patient's body.
More than 2000 leukocytes per 1 ml is typical for pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, cystitis. An increase in hyaline cylinders is observed with inflammation of the kidneys and acute glomerulonephritis. Granular cylinders appear when chronic course diseases, and waxy formations indicate the formation of renal failure in a patient. Epithelial elements occur when the mucosa of the renal tubules dies and indicate tubular necrosis or toxic poisoning, accompanied by the death of the renal parenchyma (poisoning with salts of heavy metals).
The collection and study of urine according to Zemnitsky allows you to determine the insufficiency of the urinary organ or its inflammation. The density of several portions of urine, the amount of sodium chloride and urea in each portion are studied. Normally, the relative density ranges from 1.004 to 1.032, and the difference between high and low specific gravity should not be less than 0.007. Slight fluctuations in the density of urine indicate the appearance of an ailment. The filtration clearance is set, which determines the amount of purification of the substance in the glomeruli. O normal operation kidneys indicates the removal of 80% of all fluid taken in the urine within 24 hours. If the reabsorption is greater than the filtration of urine in the glomeruli, and the urine has a large specific gravity, then its amount decreases.
Urine tests prescribed to the patient are highly informative materials that allow the doctor to make the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment.
If a person has “bags” under the eyes, and the skin has become gray and dry, then there has been a malfunction in the urinary system. Do not postpone a visit to a specialist to examine the kidneys and adrenal glands, as well as assess their functional activity.
How to check the kidneys, the urologist or nephrologist will tell you. During the diagnosis, it will avoid severe complications. Treatment at an early stage of any disease allows you to quickly achieve the desired results, avoid unwanted surgical intervention.
When to go to the doctor
It is rare to find a person who regularly passes full examination organism. Most people delay the visit to the doctor, swallow handfuls of pills and convince themselves that the pain, cramps, tingling will soon disappear. And only with an exacerbation of symptoms are recorded for an appointment. This tactic is extremely dangerous, especially when the kidneys hurt.
Paired organs rid the blood of toxins and toxins, regulate blood pressure, take part in metabolism. Even a slight disturbance in their work will quickly affect the functioning of all vital systems.
Modern methods of diagnosing kidneys are painless, do not cause any discomfort to a person. Be sure to undergo an examination procedure for people with such a clinic of kidney damage:
- high blood pressure;
- frequent nighttime urination;
- decrease in the volume of separated urine;
- pain in the lower abdomen and in the lumbar region;
- increase in body temperature;
- burning and cutting when emptying the bladder;
- change in color and smell of urine.
Examination of the kidneys should not be postponed if even one of the the above symptoms incorrect operation urinary system. Experts recommend twice a year to conduct a thorough diagnosis of paired organs.
Full medical checkup it is important to pass to people with congenital or acquired pathologies of the kidneys. If there is a hereditary predisposition to urolithiasis or glomerulonephritis, it is necessary to regularly examine the child from infancy.
If there are pulling pains in the side, you should check the functioning of the kidneys.
Diagnosis at home
It is not possible to conduct a full kidney test at home. But if you suspect a violation of their work, you should determine the area of \u200b\u200blocalization of pain, try to analyze your feelings:
- sharp, acute spasms indicate a rapidly developing inflammatory process in the structural elements of the kidneys (calyces, pelvis, parenchyma, tubules);
- pulling, aching pains that appear when hypothermia or the use of spicy foods occur with sluggish chronic pathologies.
Also at home, you can check urine for the presence of impurities. To do this, you need to collect urine in a transparent container and carefully examine it. If you find fresh blood, dark blood clots, flakes, curdled sediment, you must make an appointment for a consultation with a urologist.
A daily urine test will help evaluate kidney function. Within 24 hours, it is necessary to collect urine in a calibrated container, and then measure the resulting volume. If it does not exceed 1.5-1.8 liters, then the kidneys have lost the ability to fully filter the blood and excrete urine. A significant volume (more than 2.5 liters) means that the urine contains little uric acid and its compounds, slags and products of protein decomposition. The kidneys cannot fully concentrate urine, which causes serious damage throughout the body.
Kidneys should be examined for changes in urine color
What analyzes are most informative
After conducting an external examination of the patient and listening to his complaints, the urologist will tell you where to start the examination and what tests are needed. As a rule, the results of laboratory and biochemical studies of urine and blood are tender for making an initial diagnosis. In urine, the content of white and red blood cells, as well as epithelial tissues, is determined. Be sure to evaluate the transparency, color and specific gravity of urine. The concentration of cylinders, proteins and glucose is a determining factor in the presence of an infectious focus in the kidneys.
An informative method for studying the work of paired organs is the daily volume of urine. It is necessary to hand over to the laboratory the urine collected during the day, excluding the first emptying of the bladder. In this way, one can not only establish the presence inflammatory focus, but also the place of its localization in one of the organs of the urinary system.
In order to determine the type of pathogenic agent, laboratory assistants inoculate a biological sample in nutrient medium. This method reveals the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs to be used in the treatment.
- from a finger to establish or refute the inflammatory process and the degree of its spread;
- from a vein to determine the concentration of proteins and urea.
For reliable test results, you must not eat for 12 hours before the procedure. If you suspect an endocrine etiology of a decrease in the functional activity of the kidneys, you can not drink any liquid and even brush your teeth. People with systemic diseases lab tests are required every 6 months.
Modern diagnostic methods
After studying and evaluating the results laboratory tests it is necessary to examine the kidneys to determine the extent of their damage. The methods of diagnosis are chosen by the doctor depending on the age of the patient and the suspected disease. Research methods that use radiation are strictly prohibited for pregnant women.
Computed tomography is used to examine the kidneys.
Informative examination procedures such as CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging are not prescribed for young children and people with mental pathologies. During the check of the kidneys, it is necessary to maintain complete immobility for an hour, which these categories of patients are unable to do. Typically, such studies of various levels of complexity are carried out:
- ultrasound procedure. The procedure allows you to assess the condition of the calyces, pelvis and tubules, differentiate benign and malignant neoplasms to determine the localization of the infectious focus. The study allows you to detect stones in the kidneys or bladder, suggest them chemical composition. This is the only diagnostic method that has no contraindications and does not require special training;
- urography. The method is indispensable for establishing the degree of damage to the vessels of the kidneys, assessing the blood supply in the organs of the urinary system. Before the procedure, patients are injected with a contrast agent. After its distribution through the veins, arteries and capillaries, the smallest vessels are visualized on the computer screen. Urography is contraindicated in people who have individual sensitivity to a contrast agent;
- x-ray study. During the procedure, the human body receives a dose of radiation that is considered safe. Pictures are not always informative, since images are obtained only in one or two projections;
- scintigraphy. The static method allows you to determine the shape of the kidneys, their location relative to each other, to assess the degree of damage to the pelvis and calyces. When conducting dynamic scintigraphy Patients are given a contrast agent. On the monitor screen, the specialist monitors the movement of blood through the pelvic vessels in real time, checks the integrity of veins, arteries and capillaries;
- Magnetic resonance imaging. The procedure is contraindicated in patients with pacemakers, dental metal implants and even tattoos. There are also some restrictions for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Modern technique diagnostics allows you to get three-dimensional images of the kidneys, evaluate the work of a single kidney after the removal of another. After the end of the study, the patient receives a transcript of the results within 15-20 minutes;
- CT scan. This method diagnosis is carried out to study possible damage to the kidney structural elements, evaluating the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment, determining the area of surgical intervention. With the help of CT, it is possible to assess the condition of the kidney before making a decision to remove the second one.
When examining the kidneys, the urologist always examines the bladder using cystoscopy. To do this, a thin catheter with a built-in camera is inserted into a hollow organ, and the diagnostic results are visualized on a computer screen.
Cystoscopy refers to auxiliary methods for recognizing a decrease in the functional activity of the kidneys. If blood or pus is found in the urine, then it is necessary to determine the localization of the inflammatory focus.
ultrasound - effective technique kidney checks
Many modern methods diagnostics are contraindicated or not very informative for some patients (pregnant women, people with prostheses containing metal). Examined using endoscopic technique urethra and bladder. By setting the built-in camera so that the opening of the ureters is in the field of view, you can find out if the kidney is bleeding.
After all laboratory and instrumental research sometimes a biopsy is needed.
This morphological diagnostic method is used to differentiate between malignant and benign neoplasms kidneys, liver, lungs. Using a special endoscopic instrument, a small piece of a biological sample is plucked off for further research in the laboratory.
For those people who care about their health, unexpected diagnoses are not terrible. They pass all examinations on time, immediately make an appointment with a doctor if their general condition worsens or if pathological signs inflammation. Diagnosis of kidney disease at an early stage avoids long-term treatment in a hospital.
It is necessary to keep all the systems of our body in order, so when and how to check the kidneys, people should know clearly. AT medical practice there are many ways to check the work of the kidneys, each of which is used when a certain pathology is suspected. The choice of the research method is carried out by the local therapist, to whom it is necessary to make an appointment at the first symptoms. If the therapist sees the risk of developing chronic disease, he may refer the patient to a nephrologist for further advice.
Indications for a kidney test
Regardless of the type and type of future survey, it is necessary to conduct a serious preparatory work. The kidneys are a powerful filter of the body, taking the brunt of it, so it is necessary to take special care of their health. All studies are painless and do not cause any discomfort to the patient, so they should not be postponed. It is mandatory to carry out such analyzes with the following indications:
- Increased level blood pressure, which is kept at around 139/89 mmHg. Do not confuse the problems associated with the work of cardio-vascular system, and pathologies in the development of the kidneys. Only a full-fledged analysis carried out in a medical institution will make it possible to distinguish between these two pathologies.
- Frequent nocturnal urge to go to the toilet, to satisfy which in fully impossible.
- A significant reduction in the amount of urine excreted - you should also be very careful with this indicator. In some cases, it is not serious problems with the kidneys, but about violations in metabolic processes.
- Discomfort and pain in the lumbar region, which many mistake for gout, salt deposits, etc.
- Increase in body temperature.
- Heaviness in the lower abdomen and back, which is attributed solely to problems with the gastrointestinal tract is not entirely correct.
- Pain when urinating.
- Change in color or smell of urine this indicator very much should alert a person. Here we can talk not only about kidney problems, but also about the risk of developing cancer.
- Blood clots in the urine.
- Decreased hemoglobin level.
Each of these reasons must be considered extremely comprehensively, so you should not even try to make a diagnosis yourself at home, while prescribing treatment for yourself. Some kidney pathologies are latent in nature, and their symptoms are misleading. In this regard, the decision of such issues must be entrusted to doctors.
Methods for diagnosing pathologies
Any examination of the kidneys begins with the delivery of urine and blood tests. After reviewing the composition of urine, the doctor will conclude on the state of health based on the following indicators:
- the number of leukocytes, indicating the presence or absence of an inflammatory process in the body;
- epithelium;
- the presence of glucose;
- slime;
- pathogenic bacteria of various etiologies;
- salt;
- additional impurities that can significantly narrow the radius of the search for the cause of malaise;
- erythrocytes;
- average weight;
- the presence of cylinders;
- the presence of protein.
General urine analysis healthy people for the purpose of prevention, it is necessary to take at least 1 time in 6 months. For those with risk factors, visit medical institution it is necessary even more often to pass not only a urine test, but also a Reberg test, which has certain indications. The local therapist and nephrologist will tell you what tests you need to pass.
As a common means of determining various problems kidneys protrude diagnostic methods divided into several types:
- Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the kidneys is used in the initial diagnosis, as well as to assess the actual state of the renal tissue. The doctor has the opportunity to assess the dynamics and quality of the patient's urinary tract. The frequency of ultrasound appointments is from 12 to 14 months. Children need to spend it 1 time in 8 months.
- X-ray examination serves to obtain an objective visual representation of the work of the kidneys. For this, an X-ray tube is used in medicine. AT individual cases the doctor needs to introduce a special contrast that allows you to highlight the desired area. Conducting such an examination is indicated no more than 1 time per year.
- Computed tomography of the kidneys is a more informative method that makes it possible to conduct a more precise examination. The use of this tool is possible only if there are appropriate indications.
- Radionuclide scintigraphy involves the introduction small dose radioactive substance. It is carried out only if there are necessary indications.
- Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the use of a special magnet that helps to select the necessary area for the examination.
Comprehensive approach to research
Despite a fairly wide range of diagnostic tools, none of them can be considered completely reliable. Qualified doctor will always resort to several ways to confirm or refute the guess made, for example, the patient may be asked to donate blood to check the kidneys. In some cases, you need to pass a number of other tests, each of which will narrow the circle of causes of malaise.
Do not think that a nephrologist is an unqualified doctor, forcing patients to take the same tests many times.
The many problems associated with the kidneys cannot be accurately identified with just one test.
That is why they apply various ways allowing you to look at clinical picture diseases from various perspectives.
Untimely treatment is no less dangerous than incorrect treatment, therefore, excessive haste is simply unacceptable here and can be fraught with consequences. Speaking about diagnosing problems associated with the kidneys, it is necessary to dwell separately on one important fact. Reasonable prevention is the key healthy life. As it may seem to many, various deviations in the work of this organ are immediately noticeable and are associated with severe pain, but this is not entirely true.
In many cases, this may be a latent problem that can long time get worse. It will seem to a person that here we are talking about a slight malaise, a slight cold or overwork. Subsequently It's a dull pain will increasingly remind of himself, telling a person about the need to visit a doctor. Official medical statistics show that early diagnosis problems of the urinary system allows them to be completely eliminated in 2-4 weeks.
Emphasis will be placed on homeopathic remedies and traditional medicines, selected taking into account the specific causes of the disease, the patient's health status, characteristics immune system etc. If the patient does not know how to check the kidneys and asks for help at a later stage, then the malaise is likely to spread further. In this case, the entire course of treatment can stretch for several months and even years.
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