The bacteriological diagnostic method is used to identify pathogens. Topic: sterilization and disinfection

Is a disease in which bile stagnates in the gallbladder (GB). Over time, the hepatic secretion thickens, sand is formed from it, which precipitates. It is from these grains of sand that calculi are formed. Stones can appear in the gallbladder or its ducts. This pathology is accompanied by pain, loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting.

As a rule, cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) and cholangitis (inflammation of the bile ducts) provoke gallstone disease. In this case, stones in the gall cavity appear due to malnutrition. For the same reason, gallstone disease is exacerbated. Concrements mainly consist of products of impaired metabolism of cholesterol and bile salts.

Diet for gallstones is a key component of comprehensive therapy. Usually, in case of gallstones, diet No. 5 is prescribed, which was developed by MI Pevzner. This dietary program restores liver function, prevents the formation of new calculi and an increase in existing ones.

Nutrition rules for stones in the stomach

Many patients who have encountered gallstones are wondering what to do with gallstones. According to doctors, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive treatment of the disease: take medications, carry out special procedures to destroy calculi and, of course, follow a diet.

With gallstones, you need to monitor the ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet

A diet for gallstones has the following goals:

• Unload the liver.
• Normalize the functionality of the gland, gallbladder, and bile ducts.
• Prevent the formation of new calculi.

As mentioned, diet # 5 is prescribed for JCB.

Table 5 contains the following amount of nutrients:

• Proteins - about 90 g per day, hence 50 g - animal proteins.
• Fat - 80 g, of which 30 g are vegetable lipids.
• Carbohydrates - 350 g, while the amount of sugar is about 80 g.
• The dose of salt is about 10 g per day.

The nutritional value of this diet is about 2480 kcal in 24 hours.

If a patient has stones in the gallbladder, then he should eat 5 to 6 times a day in small portions and at a certain time. Such nutrition normalizes the functioning of the gallbladder and the outflow of bile. In addition, the functionality of the digestive organs is restored, nutrients are absorbed faster, and the stool is normalized.

Patients should pay attention to the temperature of the food. It is allowed to eat foods with temperatures ranging from 15 to 65 °. Cold and hot food accelerates the production of bile and irritates the stomach.

The optimal daily intake of salt is about 10 g. This limitation is due to the fact that sodium absorbs liquid, makes the blood and bile thicker, and provokes swelling.

During the treatment of gallstones, alcohol should be excluded from life. This is important, since ethanol provokes spasm of the biliary organs (gallbladder and its ducts) and biliary colic.

The food should look appetizing, and each piece should be thoroughly chewed during the meal. Thus, the patient is saturated with smaller portions, relieves the digestive organs.

If the patient feels the symptoms of cholelithiasis, then he urgently needs to see a doctor who will diagnose and determine the treatment regimen. The patient must change his usual diet in order to avoid dangerous complications of gallstone disease.

Food for stones in the gallbladder should contain pectins and lipotropics. Products rich in pectins demonstrate an anti-inflammatory effect, cleanse the body of toxic substances, and contribute to the normalization of intestinal microflora. And lipotropics liquefy hepatic secretions, accelerate the breakdown of fats, and prevent the deposition of cholesterol plaques on the walls of blood vessels.

During the treatment of gallstones, it is necessary to eat foods rich in pectins, lipotropics and magnesium.

In addition, foods rich in magnesium are beneficial for cholelithiasis. They eliminate spasm of the biliary organs, eliminate inflammation, and normalize intestinal motility.

Patients are interested in the question of what products are useful for cholelithiasis. According to nutritionists, during the treatment of pathology, it is recommended to consume the following foods, meals and drinks:

• Rye or bran bread, preferably stale.
• Galette cookies.
• Oatmeal, buckwheat, thick rice or semolina porridge in water or milk (half with water).
• Dishes of veal, rabbit, chicken, beef.
• Diet sausages.
• Lean fish.
• Wheat cuts, nuts, sunflower seeds, pumpkin.
• A little butter.
• Weak tea, alkaline mineral water (Essentuki, Borjomi) are used to dissolve small stones. In addition, it is recommended to drink grated dried fruit compote, rosehip decoction, freshly squeezed juices diluted with water.
• The patient should daily eat vegetables that contain pectins: beets, pumpkin, carrots. In addition, the diet needs to be replenished with foods rich in starch: potatoes, zucchini, paprika, cucumbers.
• Soups with vegetable broth, milk noodles, fruit soup.
• Ripe bananas, baked apples, pomegranates. Fruits are allowed to be consumed only in sweet varieties and in minimal quantities.
• Fermented milk products with a low percentage of fat. Such foods contain vitamin D, which shifts the ph of bile to the alkaline side, preventing the formation of calculi.
• Steamed protein omelet.
• Mild and low-fat cheese.

In addition, patients sometimes can afford to feast on jelly, marmalade, marshmallow, dried fruits, mousses, jelly.

There are many recipes for delicious and healthy dishes from permitted products, for example, potato soup, steamed curd soufflé, diet risotto, vegetarian borsch, etc.

If the patient follows the rules of nutrition, then over time, the biliary tract will work better, and the general well-being will improve.

Traditional healers strongly recommend drinking fresh juices from carrots, beets, spinach, cucumber, celery and other vegetables, as they dissolve stones. For the same purpose, they use infusions of celandine, wormwood, sweet clover, knotweed, smoke, etc. True, before using folk recipes, you should consult a doctor. Otherwise, there is a risk of exacerbation of the disease, as well as the development of dangerous complications.

Contraindicated products

In the presence of stones in the gallbladder, it is necessary to exclude from the diet choleretic products rich in extractive compounds, essential oils, purines. It is also worth giving up refractory fats, which are slowly absorbed, overload the hepatobiliary organs, as well as food rich in cholesterol.

Fatty and fried foods are categorically contraindicated in case of gallstone disease

Treatment of gallstone disease is accompanied by many dietary restrictions. The patient is forbidden to eat foods with a large amount of nitrogenous compounds, oxalic acid. This is due to the fact that such food provokes the formation of calculi. The list of contraindications includes foods that irritate the digestive organs and provoke flatulence. It is necessary to reduce the amount of food rich in simple carbohydrates that increase the concentration of low-density lipoproteins (bad cholesterol).

The table below shows which foods should be avoided for gallstones:

Category	Prohibited products
The drinks	Coffee, cocoa. Strong tea, hibiscus. Chicory based drink. Soda. Alcohol. Serum. Store juices.
First meal	Soup with meat, fish, mushrooms. Soup with sorrel, spinach, legumes. Okroshka.
Cereal dishes	Lentils. Barley, corn, pearl barley.
Pasta	Pasta with prohibited foods.
Meat fish	By-products: liver, kidneys, tongue, brains, etc. Sausage, smoked, canned products. Margarine, butter, lard. Pickles. Dishes of trout, salmon, catfish, sturgeon, etc. Pork, lamb, duck, goose, etc. Fish caviar, sushi.
Flour products	Fresh bread. Puff pastry or pastry. Fried flour products: donuts, pies, pancakes.
Milk products	Milk, kefir, cream, cottage cheese, sour cream with a fat content of more than 6%. Serum.
	Mushrooms. Corn, dishes with spinach, sorrel, radishes, eggplants, asparagus. Paprika after heat treatment. Pickles. Salads with a distinct flavor (eg arugula, frize). Fresh white cabbage.
Berries, fruits	Figs, raspberries, lingonberries, grapes, kiwi, dates, tangerines, persimmons, etc. Ginger.
Fats	Unrefined oil. Fat from pork, lamb, beef. Confectionery fats.
Snacks	Sausage, smoked products. Snacks made from spicy or fatty foods. Pickled ginger. Canned food. Sun-dried tomatoes.
Liquid gravies, seasonings	Ketchup, mayonnaise, mustard, horseradish, etc. Spices.
Sweets	Products with chocolate or fat cream. Ice cream. Sherbet, halva. Condensed milk. Kozinaki, etc.

In addition, it is not forbidden to eat fried eggs during gallstone therapy.

More information about food restrictions will be consulted by your doctor.

Nutrition for acute inflammation of the gallbladder

In case of exacerbation of gallstone disease or acute cholecystitis, the patient should eat 3 to 4 times a day. A sparing diet is recommended, the patient can only eat grated and warm food, for example, steamed cutlets, vegetable puree, fruit puddings.

During an exacerbation of gallstones, it is recommended to eat warm, grated food.

After a few days, patients can include boiled fish or meat in their diet. It is allowed to use cottage cheese, kefir, natural yogurt with a low percentage of fat. Avoiding ice cream, butter and cream is highly recommended. This restriction applies to spicy dishes, smoked products, vegetables rich in essential oils (onions, garlic, radishes).

The patient should drink at least 2 liters of liquid: filtered water, rosehip decoction, weak tea, freshly squeezed juice, alkaline mineral water. Alcoholic drinks must be completely abandoned.

Fried, fatty foods are contraindicated. The number of confectionery products on the menu also needs to be drastically reduced.

Diet after gallbladder surgery

Stones from the gallbladder must be removed, even if they were discovered accidentally and they do not cause discomfort so far. For this purpose, laparoscopy (elimination of gallbladder with stones without incision through small punctures in the abdomen) or ultrasonic lithotripsy (crushing stones through a probe) is performed. These are modern, low-traumatic procedures that are easily tolerated by patients.

Patients should follow a lifelong diet after biliary surgery

However, even in the field of surgery, the risk of recurrent stone formation is quite high. Therefore, the patient must strictly follow the rules of nutrition.
Immediately after cholecystectomy, a "starvation diet" is prescribed, that is, the patient is prohibited from eating and drinking. To support the body, his lips are moistened with decoctions of herbs and from time to time allowed to rinse his mouth.

The diet after removal of stones from the gallbladder is quite strict. On the second day, it is allowed to use vegetable broth, weak tea, jelly, low-fat kefir. The daily volume of liquid is 1.5 liters.

4 days after elimination of gallbladder, the patient can eat vegetable puree, lean fish or meat, ground porridge, soup. A strict diet after the operation is followed for 2 weeks, then food of regular consistency is gradually introduced into the diet.

Diet rules after removing stones from the gallbladder:

• It is allowed to cook only with fresh ingredients.
• Food intake occurs from 4 to 5 times a day.
• Food is thoroughly cooked before consumption.
• The patient can eat food at room temperature.
• It is important that the menu consists of permitted products, but at the same time be varied.
• It is forbidden to fry food.
• It is recommended to drink a decoction of wild rose, barberry, dried apricot compote.
• The daily volume of liquid is no more than 2 liters of water.
• Morning and evening meals should be supplemented with fermented milk products.

The diet when removing the gallbladder with stones must be followed at all times. If the patient returns to old eating habits, then calculi will begin to form already in the bile ducts or liver. As a rule, after surgery, table number 5 is prescribed. It helps to stimulate the outflow of bile and in time to free the bile ducts from hepatic secretions.

For 3 months after the operation, the patient should eat pureed liquid food. It is recommended to replenish the diet with protein products (fish, meat, dairy products) and steamed vegetables. The patient can eat porridge, white bread, as these products contain carbohydrates. If necessary, the doctor prescribes medications containing vitamins and minerals.

Avoid cholesterol-rich foods such as pork and lamb. Fat deficiency is compensated for with vegetable oils (about 100 g per day).

Menu for the week

With gallstones, the patient must follow the rules of diet No. 5 for 4–5 weeks, then the number of restrictions is slightly reduced.

Tasty and healthy food normalizes, stimulates the outflow of bile and prevents stagnation of hepatic secretions in the bile ducts

The dietary menu for the patient looks something like this:

1. Monday:

• buckwheat, wheat bran, lemon tea;
• carrot puree with 5 ml of vegetable oil;
• vegetarian borsch with bran broth, millet porridge with dried apricots, rosehip tea;
• freshly squeezed apricot juice.

2. Tuesday:

• curd pudding, sugar-free tea;
• rosehip broth;
• oatmeal in milk, tea;
• about 50 g of prunes (pre-soak).

• vegetable salad, rosehip decoction;
• carrot juice, a slice of bran bread;
• cabbage soup with bran broth, boiled meat, stewed beets with vegetable oil, apple;
• buckwheat balls, cottage cheese, tea.

4. Thursday:

• bran bread, carrot juice;
• millet porridge with milk, carrot puree, sweet tea with lemon;
• soup with oatmeal and vegetables, bran broth, minced chicken cutlets with cabbage, rosehip broth;
• soaked dried apricots, bran broth.

5. Friday:

• finely chopped apples;
• bran bread, green tea with lemon;
• cottage cheese dumplings, cabbage patties, tea;
• dinner is skipped, and before going to bed you need to drink tomato juice (100 ml).

6. Saturday:

• fruit salad (100 g), rosehip tea;
• carrot juice, bran bread;
• vegetarian borsch with bran broth;
• rice porridge with dried apricots, rosehip tea.

7. Sunday:

• buckwheat in milk, rye bran, tea with added sugar and lemon;
• carrot juice, bran bread;
• boiled meat, stewed beets with olive oil;
• soaked dried apricots, a decoction of wheat bran.

Such nutrition will help to normalize the outflow of bile and prevent re-stone formation.

As you can see, gallstone ailments are quite dangerous, as they often worsen and provoke dangerous complications (pancreatitis, duodenal ulcer, colitis, etc.). Therefore, it is important to adhere to the instilled nutritional therapy, which helps to stop the growth of existing stones and the formation of new ones. In addition, with the help of a diet, you can normalize the concentration of cholesterol, prevent the development of atherosclerosis, and stimulate the functionality of the intestines. Sparing nutrition relieves the gastrointestinal tract (including the gastrointestinal tract), dilutes hepatic secretions, normalizes weight, and stimulates the development of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.

The reasons for the development of gallstone disease are called poor nutrition, metabolic disorders, infection, bile stasis, and a genetic predisposition. With the interaction of these factors, the physicochemical characteristics of bile change, it becomes lithogenic (capable of forming calculi).

Stones are formed due to the fact that there are not enough bile acids that hold cholesterol, as a result, cholesterol precipitates and calculus begins to form. Undissolved cholesterol is added to the formed stone and the calculus gradually increases (by 1–4 mm per year). When the stone moves, the patient feels pain.

Nutrition is important in the development of pathology (lack of a meal schedule, high energy value of meals, eating food with "bad" cholesterol), therefore, a diet with exacerbation of gallstone disease is an important component of therapy. Nutritional therapy accelerates the restoration of impaired functions of the hepatobiliary system.

If during the study, stones in the gallbladder were found, then the patient should refuse to eat food, which includes "bad" cholesterol, a lot of fats and carbohydrates, and you also need to adhere to the meal schedule. In the early stages of the disease, a therapeutic diet can completely correct the physicochemical parameters of bile and prevent the growth of calculi, and medications can dissolve the stones.

Even if the disease is neglected, adhering to a diet can minimize the risk of a stone going out into the ducts (biliary colic). In case of dysfunction of the hepatobiliary system, a dietary table No. 5 and its variations are prescribed. What kind of diet will be recommended for cholelithiasis (cholelithiasis) depends on the stage of the disease and the composition of the stones.

Cholesterol stones, as a rule, appear in people who overeat, consume a lot of animal fats, in particular, fatty meats, eggs, caviar. Foods with a high cholesterol content, spicy and fatty foods should be excluded from the diet, the use of vegetable oils is limited (but not excluded), since they have choleretic properties and can cause exacerbation of cholelithiasis.

For cholelithiasis, dietary recommendations are as follows:

• limit the consumption of fats to 70–80 g (of which 75% must be of animal origin) and carbohydrates to 350–400 g;
• eat a lot of vegetables and fruits, as it is necessary to increase the amount of dietary fiber in the diet;
• add foods saturated with magnesium salts to the diet;
• use alkaline mineral waters ("Borjomi", "Polyana Kvasova", "Essentuki") so that cholesterol in bile is in a dissolved form;
• adhere to fractional nutrition (eat every 3 hours in small portions so that bile is released evenly);
• exclude alcohol;
• if there is obesity, then it is necessary to adhere to a hypocaloric diet, since weight loss helps to improve the functions of all body systems;
• to eliminate the lithogenicity of bile, it is necessary to take chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acids for a long time.

At the initial stage of the development of the disease, there are no restrictions on the use of any products, but it is recommended to eat food at regular intervals in order to stimulate the separation of hepatic secretions and contraction of the gallbladder.

During the period of remission, moderate sparing of the hepatobiliary system is required, therefore, a dietary table No. 5 is prescribed. This therapeutic food replenishes the physiological needs of the body in chemical elements, therefore it can be recommended for a long period of time. The patient can consume no more than 2400-2600 kcal per day. The diet should be limited to 80 g of protein, 80 g of fat and 400 g of carbohydrates, salt should be consumed no more than 10 g.

All dishes are cooked in a double boiler or boiled

In case of illness, it is necessary to ensure that there is a regular moderate outflow of bile, which means that you need to adhere to fractional nutrition, avoid foods that stimulate bile secretion, as well as containing cholesterol.

What products are allowed and prohibited for calculous cholecystitis

• foods containing fiber. The richest in dietary fiber are vegetables (cabbage, green peas, asparagus, carrots, corn, pumpkin), fruits (bananas, peaches, pears, apples), dried fruits (prunes, dried apricots, dates), nuts (almonds, cashews), cereals (buckwheat , oatmeal, white rice), bran, legumes;
• salads seasoned with unrefined vegetable oil (olive, sunflower, linseed). Oil promotes bile secretion and prevents the development of fatty hepatosis;
• dairy products. Kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt contribute to an increase in the pH of the liver secretion;
• cereals with a high content of magnesium (buckwheat, millet, barley, oat). They improve the functioning of the cardiovascular, endocrine, and digestive systems, help the absorption of B vitamins, which are necessary for the liver to function. Magnesium improves the condition of blood vessels and blood flow, therefore, prevents vasospasm. There is a lot of magnesium in sesame, bran, cocoa, halva, soybeans, pistachios, seeds;
• protein products (low-fat fish, cottage cheese, chicken protein) and vegetable oil, since they contribute to the synthesis of endogenous bile acids, which do not allow cholesterol to crystallize;
• products saturated with vitamin A (milk, cottage cheese, cream, sour cream, butter). Retinol normalizes metabolism in the body, strengthens the immune system, accelerates tissue regeneration;
• products with lecithin (butter, sour cream, cream). They prevent the crystallization of cholesterol;
• free liquid at least 2 liters. It prevents stagnation of bile and affects its consistency.

A magnesium diet is recommended if gallstones provoke constipation or if there are stagnant processes in the gallbladder

The basis of medical nutrition with a high magnesium content is dietary table No.5, to which the intake of a large amount of food rich in magnesium is additionally prescribed. The trace element stimulates bile secretion, enhances the motor activity of the gallbladder and intestines, which accelerates the excretion of cholesterol.

A magnesium diet is contraindicated for inflammation in the tissues of the stomach and intestines, in which fermentation is increased and diarrhea occurs, and it cannot be observed during an exacerbation.

With diseases of the liver and gallbladder, it is required to limit the use of:

• products containing essential oils (citrus fruits, garlic, onions, parsley, dill, celery);
• dishes with a high content of extractive substances (broth, broth based on cabbage, crust formed when baking meat, tea);
• butter, puff, shortcrust pastry;
• fatty meats and offal, which contain a lot of cholesterol, as well as all fried foods;
• alcohol;
• easily digestible carbohydrates (jam, sugar, confectionery, sweets, honey).

With gallstone disease, biliary colic is likely, which can be triggered by negative emotions, the use of fatty foods, spices, hot seasonings, therefore, it is necessary to monitor the diet and consume only permitted foods.

Nutrition for exacerbation of the disease

If the disease has worsened, then a more strict diet is required, which must be adhered to until the disappearance of clinical manifestations (pain, nausea, vomiting, stool disorders). The diet for gallstone disease during the period of exacerbation on the first day recommends giving up food in order to provide functional rest for the inflamed gallbladder. It is allowed to drink weak tea, rosehip broth, juices diluted in equal proportion with water.

After 48–72 hours after the onset of exacerbation, the patient is transferred to a diet No 5B, which provides mechanical and chemical sparing. According to the recommendations, the patient should limit the intake of carbohydrates to 200 g and protein to 80 g. Salt should not be added to the dishes and they should be served mashed (it is better to cook meat soufflé, slimy soups, mashed potatoes).

The treatment table is assigned taking into account the concomitant diseases and the stage of the pathology

You need to eat in small portions at least 5 times a day. The daily diet should not exceed 1600 kcal. You need to drink about 2-2.5 liters of free fluid per day. With an exacerbation of gallstone disease for the first five days, the diet should consist of the following dishes:

• slimy soups made from oatmeal, rice or semolina, cooked without adding oil;
• liquid mashed cereals (rice, oatmeal). Porridge can be cooked with milk;
• jelly, vegetable juices and compotes (fruits must be grated);
• low-fat cottage cheese;
• boiled fish and meat;
• crackers or wheat bread yesterday.

The diet is not complete, so it cannot be adhered to for a long time. On the 5-8th day after the onset of the exacerbation, the patient is transferred to the dietary table No. 5A, which is recommended before the onset of remission. Diet No. 5A with exacerbation of gallstone disease allows you to use:

• stewed and boiled vegetables;
• porridge cooked in water;
• pasta;
• milk soups and soups with vegetable broth, borscht;
• milk, cottage cheese, low-fat sour cream;
• lean meat and fish (stewed or boiled);
• marshmallow, honey, marmalade, marshmallow;
• non-acidic berries and fruits;
• greens (excluding spinach and sorrel);
• juices from pomegranate, blueberry, quince, bird cherry;
• salads with vegetable oil (oil after heat treatment cannot be used);
• weak tea, coffee with milk.

After the disease subsides, the patient should again adhere to the basic diet No. 5

When exacerbating gallstones, it is impossible to eat fatty meats and fish, dishes with seasonings and spices, fresh pastries, cakes, pastries, chocolate, vegetables with coarse fiber (cabbage, radishes, radishes) and essential oils (garlic, fresh onions), pies, caviar, offal.

With gallstone disease, pathological processes affect not only the liver and gallbladder, but also other organs of the digestive system, especially the stomach, intestines, pancreas, therefore, medical nutrition is recommended taking into account the secondary disease. So, with the development of pancreatitis, a diet N o 5P is shown, which involves an even greater restriction of fats and carbohydrates and is designed to stimulate the work of the pancreas.

Unlike the diet prescribed for cholelithiasis, it limits the intake of dietary fiber. Depending on the concomitant disease, a dietary table No 5A or No 5B can be prescribed. Both diets involve the elimination of "bad" cholesterol, dietary fiber, essential oils or extractives from the diet, and also do not recommend eating foods that promote fermentation.

These tables require you to eat everything in a pureed or chopped form, and vegetables and fruits, meat and fish must be cooked (boiled or baked). Diets differ in calorie content and proportion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

If gallstone disease does not respond to conservative treatment, then removal of the gallbladder is prescribed

After the operation, a diet N o 5Sh or N o 5G is shown. With the treatment table No. 5SH, the intensity of bile secretion decreases, and with the diet No. 5G, the separation of bile increases due to the introduction of high-grade proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Diet with exacerbation of gallstones provides sparing of the digestive system and relieves the load from the gallbladder, thereby reducing the severity of pain and improving the condition of the inflamed organ.

The dietary food should be adhered to for a long time, since the use of heavy foods (fatty, fried, spicy) can lead to an exacerbation of the disease and the movement of stones. In addition to a therapeutic diet, patients are prescribed long-term drug therapy, which helps dissolve cholesterol stones, but if the patient does not begin to adhere to a healthy diet, then there is a high probability of the formation of new stones.

A person's diet changes depending on age, health status and other factors. A diet for stones in the gallbladder should perform two main tasks: to prevent an exacerbation of the disease and the formation of new calculi, to fully provide the body's needs for nutrients.

Nutrition for gallstone disease

Gallstone disease (or calculous cholecystitis) occurs when the gallbladder and its ducts are inflamed. Congestion leads to thickening of bile and the formation of stones (calculi) in the biliary tract:

• gallbladder;
• biliary tract;
• hepatic ducts.

The calculus contains both bile salts and cholesterol.

A prerequisite for the formation of calculi is an improperly composed diet. In the gallbladder, stones can not bother a person for a long time: the patient is not even aware of his illness until the first symptoms appear - pain in the side after heavy fatty foods, nausea, bitterness in the mouth. Often, the disease develops in diabetes mellitus, so such people should pay attention to disruption of the gastrointestinal tract and possible symptoms of cholecystitis.

Before the manifestations of the disease appear, a person continues to live the same life and eat as always - not quite right. After consulting a doctor, he receives not only prescriptions for a course of drug therapy, but also prescriptions for dietary nutrition. Gastroenterologists recommend table # 5. This diet is indicated for all diseases of the liver and gallbladder (including gallstones), as well as for chronic pancreatitis and cholecystopancreatitis.

Diet is an integral part of treatment, just as important as medication. Therefore, it should not be violated, proper nutrition in many cases helps a person to do without surgery.

Only the attending physician who examined the patient can prescribe this or that diet. In this case, the stage of the disease, the localization of stones, and concomitant pathologies are of great importance. If the patient feels that his condition has worsened, despite following all the doctor's recommendations, he urgently needs to seek medical help, do not self-medicate. Violation of these rules can lead to complications - for example, the movement of a stone into the duct and blocking the outflow of bile from the bladder, in the presence of sharp edges, the walls of the biliary tract are injured.

In case of gallstone disease, it is important not only to consume permitted foods, but also to eat correctly. You need to eat fractionally, in small portions, so that the gallbladder can work stably. Hot (60 ° C and above) and cold (15 ° C and below) food is not recommended. Dishes should consist of components crushed or rubbed in a blender. Salt intake is limited to 10 grams per day. You need to drink a lot of water, at least 2 liters, but it must be of good quality and not contain minerals.

Proper nutrition for gallstone disease should protect the liver, prevent further stone formation and normalize the functioning of the biliary tract. The healing effect is provided not only by a certain set of products, but also by the method of cooking, the diet.

With gallstone disease, a diet with a daily calorie content not exceeding 2480 kcal per day is recommended. This does not exclude animal fats and dairy products, although the main emphasis is on pectins, vegetable fiber and fat burning substances.

Important! You can not use lipotropics for this purpose - synthetic fat burners used by bodybuilders.

The useful ones are:

• bran bread, rye (Borodino), dried a day ago;
• crackers, dry biscuits (biscuits and crackers);
• porridge (well boiled, slimy) from buckwheat and semolina, rice, oatmeal;
• all types of pasta;
• lean meat, except pork;
• fish, low-fat and slightly salted red;
• seafood;
• nuts and seeds;
• butter and vegetable oil (unrefined);
• cheeses (not spicy);
• vegetables;
• fruit;
• juices;
• dairy products;
• eggs (protein).

Table for vegetables and fruits:

Porridge is prepared in water, it is possible with the addition of a small amount of milk. The meat should be not only lean, but also free of veins, cartilage, skin. From ready-made meat products, a small amount of low-fat ham and dairy (children's) sausages is allowed - but only if the patient is sure of their quality. From seafood, in addition to shellfish and others, seaweed is recommended, which has the property of binding cholesterol.

Drinks such as tea and coffee are allowed, but with milk. Rosehip tea should be used with caution, as this plant has a choleretic effect and can cause the movement of stones. Tomato should be excluded from juices (it contributes to the creation of calculi), and mineral water should be alkaline. Juices, vegetable and fruit, should be drunk diluted. Low-fat dairy products are allowed. Be sure to add cottage cheese and sour cream, kefir, milk, fortified with vitamin D.

Important! All dishes must be cooked properly: steamed, boiled, stewed, baked. Soups - only in vegetable broth. Eggs can be used to make a steamed protein omelet.

Prohibited products

From the diet in the presence of stones in the gallbladder, you must exclude:

• pastries, fresh pastries, fried flour products;
• all types of salted (feta cheese) and spicy cheeses, fatty dairy products, including fermented milk;
• egg yolk;
• pork fat, margarine;
• mushrooms;
• millet, pearl barley and barley groats;
• coarse-fiber cabbage, sorrel and spinach, beans, peas;
• all offal, smoked meats and pickles, canned foods, stew;
• onions, garlic, radishes and other root vegetables with a high content of essential oils;
• fatty fish;
• semi-finished meat products;
• berries and fruits (except allowed);
• fatty meat, especially poultry;
• confectionery with milk and cream.

Often patients with gallstones are interested in whether spices can be used when dissolving stones. They are prohibited in any form for cholelithiasis, since they provoke attacks of cholecystitis and pancreatitis, and can cause spasm of the biliary tract. Strong alcohol is categorically contraindicated; quality wines can be consumed infrequently.

Note! If the patient doubts whether it is possible to eat certain foods that are not on the list, the attending physician will tell you not to eat.

Which diet to choose

A diet for gallstone disease is not chosen, but is followed in the form in which it is prescribed by the attending physician. Self-change in diet threatens with complications requiring surgical intervention.

1. The keto diet based on fats and high-calorie foods, which has recently become very popular among women, is unacceptable for cholelithiasis. It has a different purpose: initially, such a diet was used to treat children with epilepsy.
2. The egg diet, which also has many fans and is popular with men, is unacceptable for biliary stones.
3. Diet No. 5 allows you to introduce eggs into the diet, but in small quantities.
4. With calculous cholecystitis, a magnesium diet can be useful: although it is one of the modifications of strict vegetarianism, it largely corresponds to the prescriptions of table number 5. You can take it as a basis by introducing a certain amount of meat and dairy products.

The list of products allowed for gallstone disease allows you to make a menu for a week at any time of the year, which will fully meet the needs of the human body and will not cause an exacerbation of the disease. With calculous cholecystitis, it is very important to follow a diet, it will avoid complications and surgery.

Gallstones or cholecystitis are a fairly common pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to drug treatment, patients suffering from this disease must adhere to special dietary recommendations. Diet for gallstones helps to increase the duration of remission and eliminate the need for surgery.

Gallstone disease is a common pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. In women, stones in the gallbladder are found several times more often than in men. Recently, this disease has even been found in children.

Calculous cholecystitis occurs with symptoms of a stagnant nature in the biliary tract. The process of malfunctioning of the gallbladder occurs as follows: bile, which is produced in the liver, collects in the gallbladder, then enters the intestines through the bile ducts, helping in the digestion of food. When the balance of the constituents of bile is disturbed, hard flakes begin to form, which turn into stones in the gallbladder. The stone, finding itself in the ducts, clogs the opening, which causes an acute attack, accompanied by pain.

The occurrence of stones in the gallbladder is usually influenced by the following factors:

• non-compliance with the recommendations of proper nutrition, overeating or starvation;
• lack of physical activity, sedentary work, inactive lifestyle;
• diabetes;
• metabolic disorder, which leads to excess weight;
• period of pregnancy;
• pathology of the gallbladder, liver, and other organs of the digestive system.

Treatment should be started faster, preventing the deterioration of the patient's health, which can lead to complications, up to and including death.

The importance of diet

Diet for gallstones is considered an important part of the treatment process. The diet must be followed during periods of exacerbation and during periods of remission (which helps to prolong remission).

A special diet helps to normalize the functions of the liver and gallbladder, stabilizes cholesterol levels, and normalizes the digestive system. Vitamins and minerals present in the diet during the diet, raise immunity, and also help to solve the problem of excess weight (help to lose weight). Violation of the diet and non-compliance with the diet can sharply exacerbate the disease.

Chronic cholecystitis of the gallbladder often occurs with concomitant pathological disorders in the stomach, pancreas, liver, intestines, with nervous and cardiovascular diseases, while the corresponding ones occur. For the treatment of hepatitis, acute and chronic cholecystitis, gallstones, there is a special diet - "Table number 5".

Features of the diet for gallstone disease (gallstone disease)

Eating food during a diet with stones in the gallbladder should preferably be carried out according to the schedule. Strict adherence to the diet helps the timely release of bile from the gallbladder.

Eating with a diet is necessary often, at least 5 times a day. This helps better digestibility of foods, prevents problems associated with intestinal motility (for example, reduces the likelihood of constipation). It is undesirable to eat a lot just before going to bed.

In order not to stimulate bile formation, not to irritate the gastric mucosa, the food during the diet should be warm (25 - 60 degrees).

During an exacerbation of the disease, it is preferable to cook or bake food, trying to prevent the formation of a crust. Fried foods are prohibited, since carcinogenic substances and oxidized fats that are formed during this process can cause an attack of the disease.

The calorie content of the daily diet during the diet should be no more than 2000-2500 kcal, the ratio of carbohydrates, fats and proteins should be 300-350: 80-90: 80-90 g.

The most important provocateur of exacerbations is considered to be the use of fried and very fatty foods.

The use of strong stimulants of the secretion of the pancreas and stomach (spices or foods with a high cholesterol content and with essential oils), refractory fats is strictly prohibited during the diet. The basic diet should be plant-based foods.

The diet for gallstone disease consists of foods with a high fiber content to prevent constipation, normalize intestinal motility. With a diet, it is good to cook meals from foods that are saturated with pectin - this substance prevents the deposition of cholesterol on the vascular walls, dilutes bile, and stabilizes the intestinal microflora.

What is allowed and what is forbidden when dieting

How to eat with gallstone disease? Which foods are allowed and which are prohibited during a diet with gallstones can be seen from the table:

Allowed foods for the diet	Prohibited foods when dieting
Beef, veal, rabbit, chicken and turkey	Meat, mushroom, fish broths and soups, jellied meat
Lean fish, preferably river fish - cod, pike, pike perch, carp, hake	Pork, goose or duck meat, lard By-products: kidneys, liver, tongue
Other seafood: shrimp, mussels, squid, kelp	Meat, canned fish, smoked marinades: fish and meat, pickles, sausages, sausages, ready-made semi-finished products (dumplings)
Durum wheat pasta dishes cooked without sauces	Saltwater fish: beluga, sturgeon, salmon, mackerel, catfish, stellate sturgeon
Porridge-spreads from oats, buckwheat, rice, semolina, boiled in water	Groats: barley, pearl barley, millet
Bread, a little stale or in the form of crackers, of any varieties, including white, baked pies stuffed with cottage cheese, apples, meat, fish from simple dough	Animal fats, margarine
Bran crisps, dry biscuits	Vegetables high in acids or essential oils: rhubarb, radish, sorrel, cabbage, radish, green onion, garlic, spinach
Vegetable decoctions	Egg yolks, hard-boiled or fried, quail eggs
Eggs (protein only) or "in a bag", steam omelet	Fatty fermented milk products - cream, cottage cheese, fermented baked milk, sour cream, as well as fatty milk and fatty cheeses
Low-fat fermented milk products (sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese - Dutch, Russian), milk soups	Legumes (beans, peas)
Vegetables with a high content of pectin or starch: potatoes, tomatoes, pumpkin, cauliflower, zucchini, carrots, beets, green peas, tomatoes (in a small amount without aggravation), sauerkraut, not very sour	Shortcrust pastry and puff pastry, freshly baked bread, black bread, pancakes, pastries, cakes
Butter, unrefined vegetable oil in small quantities, fish oil	Mustard, vinegar, mayonnaise, hot sauces pepper, horseradish, ginger, soy sauce
Sweet: fruit mousses and jellies, candy, marmalade, marshmallows, honey, nuts, seeds	Spicy herbs: basil, dill, coriander
Fruits: pomegranates, bananas, papaya, kiwi, sweet apples (preferably baked), watermelons, melon, strawberries, avocado, dried apricots	Chocolate, ice cream
Compotes and jelly from dried fruits, fresh berries, juices (diluted), especially - carrot, tomato, beetroot, rosehip broth, weak tea (especially green), alkaline mineral water	Fresh fruits and berries: raspberries, grapes, currants, gooseberries, cranberries, mangoes, cherry plums, all types of citrus fruits (oranges, tangerines, grapefruits, lemons), sour apples and plums, dates
Dill, parsley, bay leaf, vanillin, cinnamon, cloves	Coffee, chicory, strong tea, cocoa, carbonated drinks, kvass, flax seeds

The diet for stones in the gallbladder also takes into account the fact that in most cases patients have other concomitant diseases of the digestive system - gastritis, pancreatitis, and some foods can provoke fermentation and inflammation of the organ.

If it is not possible to refuse broths and soups on meat during a diet, then it is allowed to cook such dishes on lean meat and dilute strongly with water or vegetable broth.

Drinking mineral water permitted by the diet without gas ("Slavyanka") is good half an hour before meals. Coffee lovers who cannot refuse it at all should at least reduce its concentration during the diet, drink it not on an empty stomach and with milk.

It is strictly forbidden to take alcoholic beverages.

Magnesium diet

In the presence of gallstones, a magnesium diet is recommended. From this type of nutrition in patients, pain in the abdomen disappears, the work of the intestines is stabilized.

With such a diet, it is supposed to include foods containing magnesium in the diet at least 4 times a day. This diet consists of 3 cycles, the duration of each is 2-3 days.

The first time (2-3 days) they drink only warm drinks - tea with sugar (a small amount), diluted juices, rosehip broth. Do not exceed the norm - 2 glasses per day. You need to drink in small sips, often, but at a time no more than 2 tablespoons of broth.

On the fourth day of the diet, you can eat a small amount of jelly or porridge, after the next three days meat, fish and low-fat cottage cheese are added to the diet. When the third cycle ends, the patient is transferred to the diet prescribed for the presence of gallstones.

An approximate menu for a week with stones in the gallbladder:

Day of week	Breakfast	Lunch	Dinner	Dinner
Monday	Oatmeal porridge, tea with cookies	Carrot and beet salad, juice	Borscht without meat, boiled chicken, garnish - rice, juice	Boiled chicken, seaweed salad, juice, banana
Tuesday	Cottage cheese casserole with sour cream, rosehip decoction	Oatmeal soufflé with prunes, rosehip broth	Buckwheat soup, fish baked with vegetables, tea	Braised cod, beet salad (boiled) with nuts
Wednesday	Porridge with buckwheat, cookies, lemon tea,	Chicken breast salad with boiled potatoes, black currant jelly	Milk soup with pasta, steamed cutlet, mashed potatoes, juice	Baked veal and boiled potatoes for garnish, compote
Thursday	Pasta seasoned with butter, biscuits, lemon tea	Cottage cheese casserole with nuts and dried apricots, tea	Soup with oatmeal and vegetables, boiled rabbit, cauliflower garnish, rosehip broth	Turkey soufflé with cauliflower, tea, biscuits
Friday	Cottage cheese with sour cream, jelly, carrot salad with apple	Biscuit dry yogurt biscuits,	Rice soup, baked fish with pumpkin puree, dried fruit compote	Rabbit meatballs, boiled pasta, juice
Saturday	Chicken soufflé with semolina, tea, marmalade	Semolina with banana, cookies, compote	Vegetarian cabbage soup, steamed meatballs, juice	Seafood casserole with rice, tea, carrot salad
Sunday	Macaroni pudding with dried apricots and raisins, baked apple, tea	Pasta casserole, baked apple, juice	Mashed potato soup with croutons, hake soufflé, berry jelly	Steam turkey cutlets, baked pumpkin, cookies, tea

For an afternoon snack, it is allowed to drink kefir, fermented baked milk or jelly, no more than a glass, and eat cookies or dried biscuit (100 g). A few hours before bedtime, you can have an apple (grated) or a banana, you can drink juice or kefir (1 glass).

During the day, it is advised to drink mineral water ("Borjomi").

Questions on the topic

What is allowed to eat with a diet if gallstone disease is accompanied by chronic pancreatitis?

The recipes for dishes for both diseases are the same, since they are associated with a malfunction in the digestive system.

Can turmeric be consumed if there are gallstones?

Yes, you can. Turmeric is a spice that has a number of useful medicinal properties, it helps to remove toxins from the liver, and helps to increase the functionality of the organ. It is also used for other diseases of the digestive system. For stones in the pancreas, turmeric is used as a herbal choleretic agent.

Is it allowed to use ginger in dietary nutrition for cholelithiasis?

Ginger is harmful for cholecystitis, it helps to activate the movement of stones.

Calculous cholecystitis is a disease that occurs during congestion in the biliary tract. First, crystals are precipitated from their thick contents, then they grow and form cholesterol stones. Gallstone disease (GSD) is diagnosed in every tenth adult. In women, it occurs 5 times more often. Recently, it has been detected even in children. You can stop the pathological process, normalize the liver with a special diet. Let's consider its essence, an approximate menu, recipes for healthy dishes.

Features of power supply for lcd

Diet for stones in the gallbladder (No. 5), prolongs periods of remission and helps with exacerbations. Its principles are as follows:

• Increase in the diet of organic foods high in vitamins, micro- and macroelements, pectins, fiber to combat constipation.
• Lack of dyes, preservatives, chemical additives to reduce inflammation of the gallbladder mucosa.
• Thermal sparing.
• Six meals a day in small portions. Associated with the reflex secretion of bile during meals. During fasting or long intervals between meals, the gallbladder overflows, the precipitation of salts, which increases the formation of stones. In addition, in this form, the bile reservoir becomes an excellent environment for infectious agents of various natures.
• Drinking mode with a total volume of water consumed not less than 1.5 liters. Provides liquefaction of bile and purification of the ducts.
• The inclusion of foods high in magnesium to eliminate bad cholesterol, relieve gallbladder spasm. A useful element is found in apricots, oat and buckwheat.

Patients with gallstones are contraindicated in drastic weight loss, which violates the ratio of bile and cholesterol.

What can and can not be eaten with stones in the gallbladder

The important ingredients of a therapeutic diet for gallstone disease are listed below.

Milk

To normalize the acid-base balance, it is useful to eat dairy products with a high calcium content, which prevents the formation of calculi. You will have to give up sharp, salty cheeses, moderately consume low-fat sour cream. You can eat well-digestible cottage cheese, a source of proteins and lipotropic factors such as choline.

Meat fish

Animal proteins are essential for good nutrition. They do not overload the gallbladder, but contribute to the normalization of its work. For patients diagnosed with gallstones, the following are recommended:

• Rabbit and turkey meat.
• Skinless chicken breast.
• Low-fat varieties of young pork or lamb.
• Ham and sausages (you can eat a little if you feel well).

Sources of valuable protein include perch, pike, navaga, cod and other types of fish with a fat mass fraction of no more than 5%. Meatballs, soufflés, dumplings are prepared from them, baked whole, but only after preliminary cooking.

You will have to prohibit products, including:

• liver;
• brain;
• fat;
• mackerel;
• herring;
• duck;
• pates;
• canned food;
• smoked meats;
• caviar.

For a week, you can eat 2-3 soft-boiled eggs or in the form of an omelet. Trans fats are provocateurs of stone formation and hepatic colic.

Benefits are brought by: buckwheat, oatmeal, as well as semi-viscous rice porridge. To prepare cereals in the evening, pour boiling water, salt. In the morning, it remains only to warm up and you can eat. The method allows you to preserve the greatest amount of vitamins. Durum wheat pasta is also allowed.

Vegetables and fruits

Pickled tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini are prohibited, as well as adding mushrooms, sorrel, spinach, and legumes to various dishes. Due to the high content of essential oils, you will have to give up garlic, onions and radishes.

Welcomed:

• mousses;
• jelly;
• compotes.

They are prepared from various berries and fruits, including dried ones. The exception is the following list:

• apples;
• grapes;
• plums;
• cranberry;
• citruses.

It is better not to eat one watermelon, albeit sweet, throughout the week. Cholagogue in large quantities can provoke the movement of stones and block the duct, which will worsen the patient's condition. Therefore, before taking it, it is better to consult a doctor. He may recommend 2 wedges of watermelon or melon for an afternoon snack, which would be the best solution.

Fats

Calculous cholecystitis is a pathology in which one cannot eat foods where there is a lot of cholesterol - a building material for gallstones. You can eat soy or olive oil (1 tablespoon per day), in smaller quantities (1 tsp each) of corn or sunflower. When warm, it is better to season them with ready-made dishes: cereals and salads.

The diet excludes:

• Palm oil, which is added to ice cream, cottage cheese, cheeses. As a result, they all bring irreparable harm to the digestive system.
• Powdered milk, after numerous processing processes, is included in the composition of cakes, glazed curds. Attacks the liver with a gallbladder and promotes stone formation.

It is recommended to drink weak coffee and tea, jelly made from oatmeal, rosehip broth, fresh fruit juices, just not on an empty stomach. Alkaline mineral water (Borjomi) helps to convert existing cholesterol into soluble forms.

Alcohol is prohibited, although moderate consumption of wine (up to 2 glasses per day) is not excluded to lower cholesterol levels.

Sample menu for a week

Proper nutrition for stones is a prerequisite for successful treatment. A dietitian, family doctor, or therapist is often consulted for help with diet planning. Below is one of the recommended diet options.

Monday:

1. Breakfast: dried fruit pudding, baked apple.
2. Lunch: beet salad.
3. Dinner: green borscht, spinach meatballs.
4. Afternoon snack: rosehip decoction.
5. Dinner: curdled milk.

1. Mannik, marmalade.
2. Nuts.
3. Pickle, mashed potatoes, juice.
4. Mousse with jam.
5. Rice porridge with milk.

1. Curd soufflé, grated carrots.
2. Baked pumpkin with honey.
3. Vegetable soup, beef stroganoff, egg noodles, jelly.
4. Lazy dumplings.
5. Lentils with veal.

1. Buckwheat, biscuit biscuits.
2. Pancakes with banana filling.
3. Chicken, stewed zucchini, raspberry jelly.
4. Noodles.
5. Kefir, bun without filling.

1. Casserole with eggs and pasta.
2. Dried biscuit.
3. Vinaigrette, pilaf, cucumber.
4. Fish balls.
5. Steam cutlet.

1. Oatmeal, lemon tea.
2. Diet bread.
3. Beef zrazy, compote.
4. Gnocchi (Italian dumplings).
5. Baked potato.

Sunday:

Fasting day. Green apples, unsweetened tea, clean still water.

Recipes

Diet with exacerbation of gallstone disease implies the rejection of salt, nicotine, fried, fatty foods. Such a diet reduces the lithogenicity of bile, that is, its ability to sediment and form stones. With calculous cholecystitis, only the following cooking methods are allowed: boiling, stewing, baking, steam processing. Passing is prohibited. Coarse-fiber meat and foods rich in soluble fiber are additionally minced.

Soups

First courses can be fruit, dairy or vegetable. The latter with the addition of mashed pumpkin, zucchini, carrots, as well as chopped potatoes. Frying is not used in the cooking process, but it can be replaced with dried herbs. The prohibited include first courses with mushroom, fish, meat broths, as well as okroshka. Sour borscht is not recommended.

Rice soup

Rub the finished cereal together with the broth. Combine with minced meat and egg-milk mixture. Salt to taste. Season with butter. Decorate with herbs.

Beetroot

A simple recipe for a fortified dish that can refresh and invigorate, especially in the summer. Cut the boiled beets into cubes, add kefir, season with sugar, lemon wedges, dill and parsley. Serve with potatoes or pancakes.

Second courses

During cooking, it is unacceptable to use pepper, horseradish, mustard, sour sauces, seasonings. Salt is limited during the period of exacerbation of gallstone disease. Allowed spices include bay leaves, cloves, cinnamon, vanillin, parsley, and dill.

Potatoes in milk

Cook the chopped vegetable for 5 minutes. Strain, combine with hot milk, bring to readiness. Add butter to improve taste.

"Blue" with sour cream sauce

Cut eggplants weighing about 200 g into slices, salt, and stand for 15 minutes. Simmer the rings on a mixture of sunflower oil and vegetable broth. For the sauce, heat flour in a frying pan, add oil, stir until smooth. Cook for another half hour, then combine with sour cream. Dip the eggplants in boiling sauce for 5 minutes. Serve with herbs.

desserts

Sweet lovers are advised to replace sugar with sorbitol. You can enjoy the taste of non-chocolates, natural honey, marshmallow, marmalade, meringue. Accordingly, you will have to exclude cakes, pastries, ice cream.

Pumpkin porridge

Cut the pulp (200 g), combine with butter (20 g) and 40 ml of water, simmer. Add semolina (30 g) to the mixture, stirring continuously, sweeten to taste.

Kissel from dried apricots

Put peeled dried fruits (30 g) into boiling water (250 ml), cook for half an hour, remove, grind, return to the pan. Dilute starch (10 g) in 40 ml of cold water. Combine both mixtures and bring to readiness. When serving, use icing sugar to prevent the formation of a crust on the surface of the drink.

Diet for calculous cholecystitis is a prerequisite for effective treatment, early restoration of liver function and bile secretion.