Encephalopathy mixed origin. Encephalopathy Uncomfortable - Causes, Treatment, Forecast

Encephalopathy uncomfortable - class VI disease (disease nervous system), which is included in the G90-G99 block (other disorders of the nervous system) and has a disease code G93.4.

Description of the disease

Encephalopathy is called a non-coalized brain disease. Expressed in death nerve cells Due to the stopping of blood circulation, oxygen starvation and diseases.

For diagnosing diseases, specialists need to find out expressed place Defeat, localization of the disease in a gray or white brain substance, as well as the degree of disturbed blood flow. If the cause of the disease failed to be established, then called the encephalopathy of the unspecified (idiopathic, i.e. arising independently). The most common is vascular.

Causes of the disease

Encephalopathy uncomfortable (according to the ICD-10 diagnosis code G93.4) \u200b\u200bis classified into two types: congenital and acquired. Congenital divided into prenatal (when damage occurs in the womb) and perinatal (if the damaging factor acted on recent weeks Before the birth of the baby or immediately after it). This type of pathology is called:

• vices concluded in anomalous processes brain development;
• disorders of metabolism in the body caused by genetic factors;
• if during pregnancy, a damaging factor acted on the kid;
• the cranial trauma arising from the kid during childbirth.

Mitochondrial Encephalopathy

Mitochondrial uncomfortable encephalopathy in infants allocate in a separate group congenital diseases. It is formed due to violations of functions and mitochondrial structures.

Acquired encephalopathy

Acquired encephalopathy is classified for several species due to various damaging factors:

• The post-traumatic is the result of the middle and heavy degree of cranial injuries (for example, a drop from a height, head injuries in athletes, an accident, etc.). With this form, there are various lesions of the nervous tissue of the frontal and atrophic changes (drying and decrease in the brain), hydrocephalus.
• Toxic encephalopathy uncomfortable in adults arises due to poisoning with various toxins: alcohol, high doses Pesticides, heavy metals, gasoline and so on. Basically, various kinds of nerve and mental disorders (insomnia, anxiety, irritability, hallucinations, long-lasting headaches, etc.) are manifested.
• Rady is the result of ionizing irradiation of the body at radiation sickness. With this pathology, various neurological disorders are observed.
• Metabolic arises due to metabolic disorders against the background of diseases internal organs: liver, kidneys, pancreas. Manifests itself depending on the properties of the main pathology.
• Vascular encephalopathy. The cause of the occurrence may be addiction to harmful habits, old injuries, atherosclerosis, diabetes, radiation irradiation and other factors causing brain hypertension. Signs of this type of disease are: loss of structurality and integrity of consciousness, frequent headaches, depressive states, partial loss of own memory.
• Gluinic is the result of long oxygen fasting. Leads to serious neuralgic complications.

And this is not all varieties.

In children

It happens encephalopathy uncomfortable in children. So, due to the injured influences in the womb, infections or other reasons, residual encephalopathy is diagnosed in older children. Venous form is a private variety of vascular, which is manifested by the stress venous blood In the brain due to the violation of her outflow.

Metabolic encephalopathy is divided into several more species:

• Bilirubinic is found only in newborns of babies. Develops against the background of the incompatibility of the blood of mother and fetus, as well as due to infectious toxoplasmosis, jaundice, diabetes mellitus. Manifests general weakness reduced muscle tone, bad appetite, belching, vomiting.
• Encephalopathy Guya - Vernika arises due to vitamin B1 deficiency. Side conditions may develop due to alcohol addiction, severe avitaminosis, HIV, malignant neoplasms. Basically manifests itself with hallucinogenic syndrome, disturbing states.
• Leicoentephalopathy is manifested by violation white substance brain. The disease has a progressive nature. It appears after transferring infection due to lowering the protective functions of the body.
• Atherosclerotic develops mainly due to the violation of lipid metabolism in the body. Manifest increased fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headaches, sleep disorders, closedness.

Scientists suggest that the cause of any kind of unspecified encephalopathy is primarily the hypoxia of the brain (lack of oxygen). This occurs due to the fact that the body begins to be worse than blood, excessive venous accumulations, edema, hemorrhage appear. Anoxic encephalopathy may occur due to the small intake of nutrients in neurons and stand out in the end in separate disease. Metabolic encephalopathy is a particular case of toxic when toxins are not output, as a result of which they penetrate the blood.

There are several stages of the development of this disease. The following of them are distinguished by experts:

• In the case of the initial or first stage, the patient decreases the memory, it is irritable, poorly falls asleep and is asleep asleep, as well as headaches are tormented.
• With the second nature of the disease is more pronounced, all the symptoms are exacerbated. In addition to headaches and sleep disorders, the patient may complain about apathy and lethargy.
• In the third stage, serious changes in the brain are diagnosed, there are paresses, it is impaired, vascular Parkinsonism develops.

Symptoms

The manifestations of unspecified encephalopathy are very diverse depending on the degree of severity, the species, age and the treatment applied. As a rule, at the first stages of the disease, sleep disorders are noted, lethargy, daily drowsiness, scattering, plasticity, lack of interest, increased fatigue, reduction in memory, mental abilities. Can also start appearing painful feelings, noises and stons in the head, reduced auditory and visual functions, mood swings, coordination violation, irritability.

What symptoms arise when progressing the disease?

In the launched cases, the symptoms may progress, as a result of which Parkinsonism appears (slow motion in combination with a tremor of the extremities) and false-roll paralysis (manifests itself with a violation of speech, chewing and swallowing functions). Also, do not forget that violations of the functions of the psyche can develop (depression, suicidal thoughts, phobias). Consider how encephalopathy is diagnosed G 93.4 in infants and adults.

Diagnosis of encephalopathy uncomfortable

In order to correctly establish the form of the disease, the doctor must carefully analyze the history of the patient on the cranial injuries, intoxication, atherosclerosis, kidney disease, liver, lung, pancreas, hypertension, exposure to radiation, as well as genetic violations Metabolism.

To form a diagnosis of "Encephalopathy uncomfortable G 93.4" holds the following procedures:

• General blood analysis.
• General urine analysis.
• Various metabolic tests (on the level of enzymes in the liver, glucose, electrolytes, ammonia, lactic acid, oxygen in the blood).
• Level measurement arterial pressure.
• CT and MRI (to identify brain tumors, various anatomical anomalies, infections).
• Creatine.
• The level of drugs and toxins (cocaine, alcohol, amphetamines).
• Ultrasonic Doppler.
• EEG or Encephalogram (on the detection of brain dysfunction).
• Analysis on autoantibodies.

This is not all the tests necessary for diagnosis. Only the attending physician may assign certain analyzes, judging by the symptoms and history of the patient's disease.

Treatment of encephalopathy

Treatment of unspecified encephalopathy awarded to eliminate root causes and symptoms that gave impetus to the development of this disease. Basically, conservative and drug methods are used for treatment.

If the disease is wears acute form, the treatment is primarily aimed at reducing intracranial pressure and eliminate seizures. For this apply artificial ventilation Light, out-of-seeking blood purification, and also injected with a dropper nutrients.

Medications

Subsequently, the patient is prescribed drugs that it must take within a few months:

• various lipotropic medicinal productswho contribute to the normalization of cholesterol and fats (dietary supplements with choline, methionine, carnitine, lecithine, "lipostabil");
• preparations that prevent thrombosis ("Ginkgo Biloba", "Aspirin", "Cardiomagnet");
• angioprotectors appointed with various disease hearts to normalize the walls of the vessels, movement and outflow of venous blood ("Troxerutin", "Detralex", "Indusan");
• neuroprotectors for the nutrition of nervous tissues (vitamins of group B, "piracetam";
• tranquilizers I. soothing means For randration rapid nerve impulses In the affected neurons ("Sibazon");
• vitamins and amino acids;
• various performance stimulants.

Physiotherapy procedures, acupuncture, walks, gymnastics, massages, a certain recreation mode are prescribed for speedy recovery. What is the forecast for the diagnosis of "Encephalopathy unclean"?

Forecast Disease

For any variety of encephalopathy is characterized by vomiting, nausea, dizziness and headaches. If there was a heavy brain defeat (or his edema), the disease develops very sharply, dizziness appears, very strong headaches, anxiety, violation of vision and much more.

Typical complications of encephalopathy uncomfortable genesis are:

• coma;
• paralysis;
• cramps.

• epilepsy;
• paralysis, various kinds of traffic disorders;
• loss of brain functions, memory, intelligence;
• emotional instability, depression, mood swings;
• disability.

Hello, this diagnosis G93. 4 Encephalopathy uncomfortable. Her symptoms? Signs? Effects.

Nikolay, Moscow

Replied: 08/22/2016

Hello, you did not indicate your complaints. Clinical signs of the disease you can find by asking a question in the search engine. If there is a problem, inform it in detail about it, lay out the results of the previously conducted research

Clarifying

Replied: 08/22/2016 Kravtsov Alexander Vasilyevich Khabarovsk 0.0 psychiatrist narcologist

Hello, Nikolay! More precisely: G93.4 "Encephalopathy uncomfortable" is when others are excluded: alcoholic encephalopathy (G31.2) and toxic (G92). Encephalopathy, also called "Organic Brain Defeat" - common name For non-inflammatory (unlike encephalitis - inflammation) of brain diseases. Encephalopathy is congenital and acquired (for example, organic brain lesions associated with poisoning, infections, alcoholism, injury, hypovitaminosis, vascular diseases brain, lack of vitamin B1). Encephalopathy is a disease in which the brain tissue dystropically changes, which leads to a violation of its function. Symptoms of encephalopathy are the most diverse character. The most frequent are considered: disorders of memory and consciousness; Lack of initiative; Headache; Desire to die; Dizziness; Noise in the head; Depression. Patients with similar symptoms often complain about fast fatigue, irritability, dispellation, tear, bad Son., general weakness. At the same time, apathy, the viscosity of thought, multi-climb, the narrowing of the circle of interests and criticism, daylight drowsiness, the difficulty of pronunciation of some words is noted. Consequences and forecast: the progressive course of encephalopathy leads to the oppression of brain functions and disability. However, with adequate and timely treatment Subject to the patients with the recommendations of the specialists of serious consequences can be avoided.

Clarifying

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information about disease and treatment

Encephalopathy uncomfortable - class VI disease (nervous system disease), is included in the Block G90-G99 other impairment of the nervous system, has a disease code: G93.4.

Traumatic encephalopathy complex of neurological and mental disorders arising later or remote period Card injury. Due to degenerative, dystrophic, atrophic and scar changes in cerebral tissue due to injury. The deadlines for the appearance, the nature and severity of neuropsychiatric disorders depend on the severity and localization of injury, the age of the affected, the effectiveness of treatment and other factors. Neurological violations Vegetable and vasopathy, chronic hypertensive syndrome, disorders of the dynamics of the cerebrimalous liquid, traumatic arachnoiditis and arachnoencephalitis, epileptiform seizures and focal neurological disorders. Neurological disorders are accompanied by mental disorders characteristic of psycho-organic syndrome.

Traumatic asthenia is manifested by weakness, increased fatigue, decrease in working capacity, combined with irritability, weak (crying with insignificant excitement), emotional lability, hyperesthesia (painful reaction to relatively non-sulter irritants, sounds, etc.). Patients are characterized by stormy non-lush outbreaks of irritation over minor reasons with subsequent tears and repentance. Vegetative and vestibular disorders (headache, dizziness), sleep disorders complement clinical picture. External adverse effects - heat, transport trips, somatic diseases and mental injuries - worsen the condition of the patients.

Traumatic apathy is as if extreme degree of asthenia with passivity, lethargy, slow motion, low susceptibility to external impressions. Activities are sharply reduced. Patients are lying a lot. Interests are limited to elementary life needs.

Psychopatho-like states (pathological changes in character) arise urgent, against the background of gradual attenuation of the symptoms of acute and late periods Injuries. It often happens only the strengthening of the psychopathic traits of character. The most-type ex-putness (explosive), a tendency to dryness, unmotivated mood fluctuations. Exposive "is manifested by the attacks of irritation with hysterical color or with anger, aggression and other dangerous actions. Incorrect behavior is aggravated by a tendency to drunkenness, chronic alcoholism.

Affective disorders are most often a shallow vicious-irritable depression (dysphoria) arising in a conflict situation, with overwork, intercurrent diseases, as well as without a visible occasion. There are also marked opposite states Advanced-raised mood (euphoria) with lightness of judgment, noncriticality, low productivity, dishonorabousity of impulse, drunkenness. The duration of the status of the modified mood ranges from several hours to several months, but is usually calculated days. Longer than the state of the euphoria.

Paroxysmal (epileptiform) states (traumatic epilepsy) appear both shortly after injury and a few months later and even years. Along with typical large, abortive, Jackson convulsive seizures there are a variety of dismissed paroxysms - small seizures. The epileptiform states include the states of the permanent of consciousness (twilight states), during which patients can be consistent, externally expedient actions that memories are not preserved (outpatient automates). In the structure of the twilight state may include nonsense, hallucinations, fear. These experiences determine the behavior of patients and can determine dangerous actions. There are hysterical twilight states that arise in response to a conflict psychotrauming situation.

Traumatic dementia arises as a distant consequence of heavy traummers. For its development, additional hazards are important, alcoholism, vascular disorders, infections and intoxication. Reducing the level of judgments, memory disorders in some cases are combined with indifference, lethargy, a decrease in motivation, in others, with an impetuous-euphoric mood, a lack of criticism, dissemination of impulse.

Reasonably rarely distant implications of injury in the form of affective and hallucinatorial-delusional psychosis (traumatic psychosis).

Free traumatic encephalopathy need a sparing mode of life. Periodically prescribe dehydration and constructive therapy, nootropics (piracetam, pyriditol, pantogam, aminal). With elevated excitability, tranquilizers and neuroleptics are given [Hlozainid (Elenium), Sibazone (Seduxen), Nosheps (Tazepam), Penazepam, Sonapaks, Tizercin, and when lethargy and apathy - Istimulating agents (Centainer, Sidnokarb, Celebrone tincture, Eleuterococcus). Patients with paroxysmal disorders are treated in the same way as patients with epilepsy.

Class number:

Class VI

Class name:

Diseases of the nervous system

Block number:

G90-G99.

Disease Code:

G93.4.

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Good day. Tell me, please, daughters 2 months, planned for the first reception to a neurologist, that after a 5 minute inspection, wrote a diagnosis: perinatal encephalopathy, s-M Motor Violations, G93.4. I started reading on the Internet, and fell into shock. How such diagnoses can be put in 2 months without more serious surveys? I really look forward to your answer - Is it possible? The recommendations are written, massage, leaf, phytball, bathtubs with sedatives and electrophoresis. Thank you in advance.

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Encephalopathy mixed origin - The state of the brain, in which several pathological factors act on it, and lead to negative manifestations.

Pathological factors can perfect different diseases And their consequences. So, most often to mixed encephalopathy leads discirculatory processes ( hypertonic disease, etc.), dysmetabolic processes ( diabetes, toxic goiter, hyperandrode, etc.), consequences of injuries, strokes and other factors.

Information for doctors: Under the ICD 10 encephalopathy mixed genesis is encoded under the sector G 93.4. The diagnosis must indicate the factors that led to the disease, the severity of syndromes.

Causes of disease development

Reasons for the development of mixed encephalopathy set. Various groups should be highlighted and briefly characterize each of them.:

• Discirculatory processes. Described in detail. Are almost always one of the factors leading to the disease.
• Dysmetabolic processes. Include any endocrine and others metabolic disorderswhich pathologically affect brain tissue. Sugar diabetes is most often found, endemic goiter. In word toxicodismetabolic can be denoted by alcohol abuse.
• The consequences of the cranial injuries. Most often, the consequences remain after the transferred brain's injury, however, the multiple concussions can also be included when diagnosed.
• Residual encephalopathy meaning any congenital villocks development of the central nervous system.
• Hypoxic, this factor is exhibited in the presence of severe obstructive pulmonary disease, uncontrollable bronchial asthma, lung tumors, including those operated under the existing insufficiency of external breathing.
• The consequences of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, especially in the presence of pronounced pyramidal failure.
• Effects operational interventions on the brain conducted according to any indications (oncoprocess, etc.).
• Toxic factors. Any poisoning, including alcohol surrogates, carbon monoxide metals.

Symptoms

Symptoms can be combined into several syndromes that are similar for any pathological brain process. This is a cephalgic syndrome (headaches), vestibular disorders (dizziness, throwing down when walking), mood disorders, including neurasthenic syndrome, memory disorders, speech violations, Reduced memory. In each case, the symptomatics is unique, a lot depends on the specific factors that led to a pathological condition.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis is performed on identifying factors that can lead to encephalopathy, the presence of complaints, objective and neurological examination. In some cases, neuralizing studies are required, other instrumental methods.

MR signs include the identified consequences of heavy pathological conditions Brain (stroke, chmt, etc.), detection of hydrocephalus. Also on MRI, focal gliosal changes may be discovered, including leukoacaresis.

Presentation of the author

Treatment

Treatment of encephalopathy of mixed genesis, first of all, should be aimed at eliminating all pathological influences. It is necessary to control the level of blood pressure, sugar, follow the lipidogram. With toxic damage to the brain, the effect of the substance should be eliminated, whenever possible to carry out the body disinfect.

Also in all patients with the treatment of encephalopathy of mixed genes are shown neuroprotective and metabolic preparations. Also, depending on the severity of the syndromes, drugs affecting dizziness, metabolic processes are prescribed, nootropic drugs With a decrease in cognitive functions.

Diseases is a complex problem. All patients should be under the supervision of neurologists or therapists at the place of residence. Also, all patients are recommended passage stationary treatment At least once a year, because complete cure is impossible, and a long period without treatment can lead to a significant strengthening of all manifestations.

The concept of "perinatal encephalopathy" is familiar to many parents, because today in different options It meets almost in half children's medical maps With neurological diagnoses. Under this pathology means a combination of violations of nervous tissue under the influence of hypoxia, injuries, infections that act on the brain of the fetus during pregnancy or at the time of birth. The consequences of such an influence - from minimal brain dysfunctions to severe manifestations in the form of children's cerebral paralysis, hydrocephalus and epileptic syndrome.

Scientific research data

Many do not know how to respond to the diagnosis of syndrome perinatal encephalopathy, Especially when the child looks healthy and develops in accordance with its age. Not surprising, because this pathology is not in international classifications.

According to many scientific researchers, real cases of encephalopathy of hypoxic and ischemic genesis occurs only 4% of infants, but in the clinics, such a diagnosis put at least half of the kids.

The nervous system in the first year of man's life is extremely inconstant. It quickly improves and ripens, as a result of which the reaction to the surrounding world, and the behavior of the child change, therefore, it is very difficult to systematize taking place in any norms, nevertheless, experts tried to do this.

Factors that affect development, a lot. Therefore, it often happens that with quite healthy children, one of the parameters goes beyond the boundaries of the norm. It comes from here and information about the frequency of diagnostic violations. Even in cases where the child is crying for a long time or he suddenly trembles his chin, or he jumped several times, the parents hurry to a specialist, and he will not slowly determine the brain dysfunction and diagnose "perinatal encephalopathy".

Assigned B. early age Therapy is often not only inexpedient, but also harmful to the child in cases where the diagnosis is not confirmed by the bulk diagnostic eventsThat often happens in modern polyclinics.

Naturally, completely deny the presence of perinatal brain damage is incorrectly, however, it is necessary to treat such a diagnosis very weigly to avoid unreasonable treatment.

The main causes of ischemic brain lesions

Perinatal encephalopathy of hypoxic or ischemic genes can be caused by certain negative factorswhich act on the fetus during pregnancy, as well as some circumstances of complicated childbirth and early period after them. To such prerequisites, as a rule, belong:

1. Chronic diseases of a pregnant woman who can influence blood circulation and exchange in a placenta, for example, heart failure at heart defects, anemia, pulmonary pathology, hypothyroidism, etc.
2. Acute infectious pathology or aggravation of chronic inflammatory processes during gestation.
3. Error in nutrition, alcohol and smoking abuse.
4. Too young either mature age pregnant woman.
5. Hereditary pathologies and metabolic disorders.
6. Gestosis, threat of miscarriage, as well as chronic fetoplacentar disorders.
7. Pathology of childbirth, for example, generic weakness, use of forceps, rapid childbirth either vacuum extraction of the fetus.
8. Inxication, irradiation, the effect of some drugs during pregnancy.
9. Baby prematurity condition.

Thus, any undesirable effect on the body of pregnant, including frequent stress, can disrupt the ripening of the fetal brain, cause fetoplacentage insufficiency and perinatal encephalopathy. Code of ICD-10 encrypts this disease as G 93.4 (unspecified encephalopathy). Often, doctors fail to see a clear connection between the disease and a certain adverse factor.

Scale apg

Estimate the depth of the brain damage helps, as a rule, the scale of apgar, which takes into account the activity, reflexes of babies, the color of their skin and the activities of such organs as a heart, lungs, etc. On the basis of such data, it is possible to conclude about the severity of hypoxia symptoms, and the higher indicator on this scale heather childand the value of 3 points and less talks about extremely high risk perinatal lesions Nervous tissue, which are a consequence of deep hypoxia. In such cases, the child needs emergency assistance.

Hypoxia

The main cause of perinatal encephalopathy is at the same time high rates According to the above scale, they do not guarantee absolute health, since the symptoms of the disease can manifest after a while. Timely help The doctors and high abilities of the child's brain to adapt to adapt to the positive outcome of such violations and the absence of all sorts of neurological disorders in children.

Symptomatics

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy can occur, as a rule, in several stages that are distinguished by the uniqueness clinical symptoms, severity of its current and various outcomes:

1. Acute - in the first month of life.
2. Recovery stage up to a year at the docking and until two years have a premature child.
3. Residual changes.

Most often there are a combination of several disruption syndromes. brain activitywhich can be expressed in varying degrees, and for each of them a special scheme of therapy and predictions for recovery are established.

AT acute period Perinatal encephalopathy of ischemic-hypoxic genesis may be observed the syndromes of the oppression of the brain, under which coma, increased reflex and nerve excitability, convulsions, symptoms of intracranial hypertension due to severe hydrocephalus are possible.

On the restorative stage Diseases These syndromes persist, although their severity under the action of therapy is reduced. A variety of visceral and vegetative disorders appear, retarded in psychomotor development, etc.

During the period of residual changes there is a delay speech Development, hyperactivity, neurasthenia, vegetative dysfunction, and in severe cases there is a convulsive syndrome, the hydrocephalus itself is not allowed. Very dangerous manifestation in this period is persistent cerebral paralysis.

Clinical picture

The clinical picture of perinatal encephalopathy (ICD-10: G93.4) \u200b\u200band neuro-reflex excitability syndrome is expressed by the following signs:

1. Activation of spontaneous movements, as well as congenital reflexes.
2. Anxiety, crying, shallow and short sleep.
3. Long wakefulness and problems with falling asleep.
4. Muscle tonus oscillations, trembling chin, feet or child's hands.

In premature babies, with such syndrome, the likelihood of the occurrence of seizures that occur under the action of certain irritating factors, for example, when the temperature is raised. With a complicated course of the disease over time, the child may develop epilepsy.

Causes

Causes are another specific sign of encephalopathy. They may arise regardless of age and be quite diverse - from the attacks of head slopes with increased tone limbs and shudders to generalized phenomena with losses of consciousness.

Hypertensional and hydrocephalic syndromes arise due to too large number Likvore, which entails an increase in intracranial pressure. This phenomenon It can manifest themselves swelling and ripple Spring, the growth of the baby's head, which sometimes does not correspond to the age norm. Children with hydrocephalus are very calm, they sleep badly and often jerk.

Nevertheless, it is necessary to know that a big head may be a constitution of a particular child, and tightening and concern are often observed when intestinal colic. Spring does not overgrown with rickets for a long time, so you should not diagnoses themselves.

Coma

Coma - very heavy symptom Brain pathology, which characterizes deep hypoxic lesions of neurons. In children in a similar condition, the lethargy of movements or their absence, oppression appear respiratory reflex, bradycardia, reducing sucking and swallowing reflexes, convulsive seizures. This condition requires emergency therapy, as well as parenteral nutrition and attentive observation. Coma sometimes lasts up to two weeks.

Vesetative dysfunctions and visceral innervation disorder with hypertensive-hydrocephallated syndrome and similar violations start from about two months. For them are characterized by such symptoms as tugging, insufficient weight gain, pathology heart Rhythm and respiration, violation of thermoregulation and digestion. In this syndrome, enteritis and colitis often arise with stool disorders.

Motor disorders

Motor disorders at this pathology are noticeable at first weeks after birth. The muscle tone can be high or, on the contrary, reduced, and moves slow down or amplified. This syndrome may accompany the retardation in psychomotor development, speech delays, a decrease in intelligence. Weak facial expressions are also characteristic, slow-down reactions to auditory and visual stimuli, lateness. Mastering acts of seating, walking and crawling.

One of the most severe manifestations of pathology of motor disorders is cerebral paralysis, when the motor sphere is disturbed, we are talking, there are mental retardation and squint.

How is the perinatal postgoxic encephalopathy detect?

Diagnosis of pathology

The diagnosis of perinatal violation of the brain activity is raised on the basis of symptoms, history of the history of pregnancy and childbirth, when there were plenoses, various infections, generic injuries, etc. This information is contained in the map and discharge from the maternity hospital.

Additional examination greatly facilitates diagnostic searches and helps to clarify the degree of damage to the nervous system, as well as trace the dynamics of the disease and the effect of the treatment carried out.

TO tool methods The diagnosis of perinatal encephalopathy in newborns in this case includes:

1. Neurosonography, which is very safe and allows for measuring morphological and functional features Brain, as well as a liquor system. With help this method You can identify damage and their degree.
2. Dopplerography, with which the blood circulation in the brain vessels is estimated.
3. Electricencephalography - method of studying the electrical activity of neurons by registering cellular potentials. The study shows the maturity of the nervous system, possible delays in the development, the asymmetry of the hemispheres of the brain, convulsiveness.
4. Video monitoring, with the help of it it is possible to analyze spontaneous movements of the child in order to evaluate estimates of epileptic activity
5. Electronomyography allows you to diagnose neuromuscular pathologies, congenital or acquired.
6. CT and MRI - Studies that clarify features anatomical structure The brain, however, have a significant drawback, since they are held under anesthesia.
7. Positron-emission tomography, which shows the picture of exchange processes, as well as the speed of blood flow in certain zones of the brain.

The most common methods of diagnostics of perinatal encephalopathy of hypoxic genesis are neosonography and EEG, which are easily reproducible, safely and can give a very large amount of information.

With the hypoxic lesions of the brain, consultation with an ophthalmologist is required. The study of the eyeboard helps to diagnose genetic pathologies, analyze the levels of intracranial pressure and the condition of the visual nerves.

Treatment of pathology

Treatment of perinatal encephalopathy (Code of ICD - G93.4) \u200b\u200bin moderate and severe course The acute phase is carried out in hospital conditions. With light forms of the disease in most cases, experts are limited to the following activities:

1. The correction of the regime established individually and depending on the nature of motor disorders into and the degree of nervous and reflex excitability of the child.
2. Pedagogical care.
3. Massage and medicinal exercises.
4. Physiotherapeutic methods.

As medical therapy Perinatal encephalopathy (ICD-10: G93.4) \u200b\u200bare prescribed various sedatives with vegetable components and diuretic products.

Hypertensional hydrocephalic disorders require conservative treatment:

1. The head of the baby cots is lifted by 30 degrees.
2. Fitotherapeutic treatment methods for easy degree Diseases - Toloknyanka, Horsetail Field and other plants.
3. In the absence of the effects of herbs in severe and moderate flow, drugs are used - "diakar", which reduces the production of liquor and enhancing its outflow from the skull, as well as Mannitol.
4. In the absence of an effect from drug therapy, surgical correction may be required (shunting methods of surgery).

Motor disorders with perinatal hypoxic encephalopathy are treated, usually conservative:

1. Massage.
2. Physiostaries - electrophoresis, amplipuls.

Medical support

Depending on the prevailing clinical manifestations prescribe medication support:

1. Dibazol, Galanamin - preparations for enhancing neuromuscular pulses with hypotone and paresis.
2. "Middokalm", "Baclofen" - in cases of hypertonus, as well as in spasms.

These preparations are taken inward, injected in injection or by means of electrophoresis. Attention and caution requires anticonvulsant treatment of children with epilepsy. Doses and variation of anticonvulsant, as well as the reception mode are determined by the degree of gravity and the flow of pathology, as well as the age of a child. Applied in this case "Depakin", "Phenobarbital", "Diazepam" and others.

Change of drugs is possible under the control of the neurologist, taking into account the encephalogram.

Reception of anticonvulsants in the hypoxic or ischemic genesis of perinatal encephalopathy is sometimes accompanied by side effects And the development of the child affects. Their use should be monitored by blood tests and liver performance.

Another important circumstance is that massage and physiothereders are contraindicated to children with epileptic syndrome. Swimming, overheating, overwork is also able to provoke epileptic seizure, so they need to be excluded.

When delayed development, it is almost accompanied by brain damage, use means to improve brain and blood circulation in it, which increase exchange processes and contribute to the formation of links between neurons.

The consequences of perinatal encephalopathy

• Full recovery. If the disease timely revealed and conducted comprehensive treatmentThis option is possible.
• Delay in psychomotor development. Varies by gravity. The child will not be strongly limited in the ability.
• Hyperactivity and attention deficit.
• Hydrocephalus.
• Manifestations of neurotic reactions. It is considered more heavy complicationrequiring constant dispensary observation Child.
• Epilepsy.
• Vegetative and visceral dysfunction.
• Cerebral palsy.