IN early age One of the problems in the health of children becomes a food allergy that can occur from the earliest age. If no more or less powerful food is even more or less clear, they need breastfeeding and smooth and neat introduction of feeding, either the nutrition of special hypoallergenic mixtures for allergies, then after a year it is necessary to expand the child's diet, difficulties arise.
On the one hand, I want to diversify the child's menu, and enter a variety of products to the food, as close as possible meals to the general family table, on the other hand, I absolutely do not want to get strongest allergic reactions to products, which will make food quite limited and very scarce, difficult in choosing Products and cooking process. For the prevention of allergies in children from the high-risk group (who in the family there are allergies or who gave allergies in early childhood), as well as for the treatment of those children, who, anyway, periodically manifests allergic reactions to products, is necessary to develop a full-fledged composition, But at the same time hypoallergenic diet.
Of course, each child has its own diet, and it will depend on age and features of response to certain groups of products, but in general, general principles diet nutrition Allergies are reflected in a non-specific hypoallergenic diet - it is called the table number 5 hectare (hypoallergenic). Naturally, for allergies, it does not lose its relevance to the maintenance of a food diary, which is recommended to start in the first year of life. It reflects all new products that tries the child and the kid's reaction to their introduction, the type of response, the degree of severity of reactions and the time of occurrence.
The basis of a hypoallergenic diet.
The diet is based on all the principles of healthy and full nutritionWhen developing this diet, all the physiological needs of children are taken into account in basic foodstuffs, vitamins and minerals, as well as the energy needs of the growing organism, taking into account the motor activity and age of the patient. The ideal option is to develop such a diet together with a pediatrician, an allergist or a nutritionist, but you can take the standard diet as a basis, make your own full-fledged menu for a child.
The development of this diet has become a necessity due to the high frequency of cases of problems with digestion and forming food allergies in children after reaching one year old and adolescents. In addition, a regularity is noted in the development of allergies for those children who initially have problems with the work of the digestive system. Therefore, as a basis of a hypoallergenic diet, a classic diet number 5 was taken (which is intended for children with liver diseases or a biliary system). In a diet No. 5 of the hypoallergenic, gentle culinary processing of food is envisaged, all the dishes are prepared for a couple or boiled and baked. In this case, the food temperature range from 20 to 60 degrees is observed.
Exceptions are exposed to all products with increased allergenic activity and sensitizing potential, which may contain food dyes or emulsifiers and preservatives, in addition, dishes are excluded that have properties not specifically irritate the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. The basis of the diet becomes:
- All variety of croup, with the exception of semolina cereals as the most uncommon and potentially allergenic,
- a variety of fermented dairy products, but without flavors and fruit additives, sugar,
- non-neotic cheeses of solid varieties,
- low-fat varieties of meat - beef, rabbit, pork without fat, horse or turkey,
- specialized canned meat, intended for children,
- Various vegetables in hatched color - cabbage of any varieties, zucchini and patissons, bright varieties of pumpkin, young greens, green pea, trim grades of beans,
- Of the fruits and berries, the base of the diet is made up of white and green apples, pears, light varieties of plums and cherries, red and white currant, gooseberry. Are allowed and juices from these fruits and berries, natural or boxes for baby foodBut the juices strictly needed to breed with boiled water at least one third or half.
- resolved tea without fruit additives and flavors,
- Apply vegetable oils, fused creamy,
- fructose can be used for sweetelling, but very neatly, but the usual sugar is as possible, it is worth excluding
- We will be useful will be non-proper grades of bread, grain bread, corn and rice sticks without sugar, flakes from the same croup, drying without additives.
Now about those products that should be excluded.
All products that are excluded from a hypoallergenic diet have certain properties, due to which they are potentially dangerous. So, for example, there is a group of products that most often cause true allergies in children, they include whole cow milk, chicken (especially the skin), fish, especially sea, soy products, various seafood (mollusks, squid, shrimp) . Tomato and nuts are also attributed to true allergens (especially peanuts and especially with a skirt), egg, spinach, cocoa, bananas, grapes and strawberries.
There are a group of products that are not complete allergens, but in the body of kids and people with increased sensitivity to allergic reactions, they can provoke special reactions - the release of fat cells (which are responsible for the development of all symptoms) of a special substance - histamine. They give these cells to the signal to shrink, and allocate many histamine - histamine gives the reaction of vessels, swelling, redness and strong itch. Such products include spices, especially exotic, pineapples, chicken meat, chocolates and all the above products already listed.
Many of the products can in their composition, both Histamine itself and some other dangerous for allergic substances - they are called biogenic amines. They usually give a specific taste and aroma of products, but have such an unpleasant side effect. In addition to the above-mentioned products, this also includes sauerkraut, pepper, sharp cheeses, especially with mold or spices, rhubarb.
There are a group of products that possess special properties, they help allergenic substances are more actively sucking and have their own effect in the body. These are the so-called extractive substances that excite the digestion system, the walls of the stomach and intestines are irritated, enhancing the permeability of them for allergens. Such products include by-products (especially liver and kidney), asparagus and spinach, mature peas, Brussels cabbage, beans and lentils, cocoa, strong tea and coffee. These products in the nutrition of allergies must be strictly limited.
Products are relevant for allergies. Which have an irritating effect on the digestion system, they can cause an increase in allergic reactions and unpleasant symptoms from the digestive tract. This includes spices, horseradish and mustard, radish and radish, sorrel and garlic, products with artificial additives and all sorts of chemistry, the same drinks.
Dangerous for allergies can be dyes from brightly colored fruits and vegetables - these are products such as carrots, beets, raspberries, apricot, blackberry, peach, pomegranate, red and black grades (white varieties less allergenne), kiwi, sea buckthorn and pineapples. These fruits need to be administered only on a small piece and only under the strict control of the food diary.
How to expand a diet?
Of course, after reading all the above, you can get enough to disappear and think about how to feed the child, because half of the usual products and dishes are simply impossible. But not everything is so bad, as it seems at first glance. Such strictness in the diet is necessary during periods of exacerbations and with strong allergic reactions. With predisposition to allergies or good tolerance of products from a diet, you can gradually expand the diet, the main thing is not to hurry and do not try to shove all the joy in the child all goodies immediately. I remember about the food diary, he is our main assistant in the expansion of the diet. If the baby has a well tolerate diet, you can gradually add to meals
- manna Kishu., macaroni from solid wheat varieties,
- milk and sour cream in dishes, cottage cheese, yogurts with inappropriate fruit additives,
- butter and white bread of the highest grade,
- chicken (strictly without skin) and lamb,
- Pre-exposed vegetables - carrots and repka, garlic and onions, salad and cucumbers,
- It is possible to expand and fruit gamut - add plums and cherry, black currant, banana, lingonberry, roshovenik, cranberry or ink crust.
Just do not let one day at once a few new products immediately, if the reaction occurs, it will be difficult to track, which specifically the product it happens and have to return again to a strict hypoallergenic diet. Start the introduction of a new product with small dose - A couple of pieces or berries, weighing about 10-20 grams will be enough to determine whether there is a reaction or not. Follow the condition of the child at least a day - there may be early - in the first hours and minutes, and the late reactions - after 12-24 hours.
Tomorrow we will continue to discuss the nuances of hypoallergenic diets for children older than the year.
Nutrition for food allergies in children after a year, some nuances:
Most of the little children are sweet tooths and gourmets. They may have what they like, in the unmeasured quantities, and the fact that they do not like them, they will not have any kind of rugs. I, as a progressive mother, never did from this tragedy: Well, I like the child there is a cookie - let him eat, then you still get bored and the baby will ask the porridge himself. Another thing is food allergies in children. Age in which children are most susceptible to allergic reactions - this period of GW / IV and age up to 3 years.
With the problem that was with us, many mothers continue to face. Approximately up to the year, the child is on breastfeeding or feeds on special milk mixtures. But after this time, the lures turn into a full-fledged diet and the baby feeds independently. At this time, he determines how much it likes the taste of various products, its menu becomes much more diverse than before, preferences appear. Allergenic and semi-allergenic products are usually introduced into the diet of the child gradually and very small doses so that the organism has time to adapt to the new food.
This is where the problem may arise. My daughter in the period of active development of new types of food was still eager for breast milk. There was a situation when I allowed myself a small cup of coffee (as you know, the diet of a nursing mother is very strict), and the baby in my absence (as it turned out later) was treated with several slices of mandarin and peach yogurt. Diathesis followed immediately, and the doctor put us on the strictest diet.
It was during this period that many young moms arise difficulties. More recently, the child learned new tastes, rejoiced with small portions of sweets and fruits, and suddenly overnight it was transferred to potatoes and oatmeal. Despair, in other matters, like torturing his child of monotonous food, it is not worth it. If you encountered the same situation, I suggest you in detail to study the list of dangerous and safe products and on the basis of this please your baby tasty and useful food every day.
Allergenic products
So, let's start with products causing allergies in children who do not use it at all.
Vegetables, fruits and berries In summer, a special temptation is vegetables and fruits. All tropical (Kiwi, Pineapple, Mango, Feichoa, Papaya, etc.) and citrus fruits are the greatest danger. Also, persimmon, peaches, canned fruits and compotes, dry fruits as raisins, kuraga, dates, figs, and all fruits of red (red apples, grenades, etc.) are also extremely not recommended. This also includes melons, apricots and grapes, and not only because of their extreme allergenicity, but also because they cause the fermentation process in gastric tractwhich leads to coliks, increased gas production and abdominal pain in the child. Causing allergies Berries, like fruit, can be mainly calculated in color. We exclude everything red from the diet: strawberries, cherry, raspberry, strawberries. Dangerous is also sea buckthorn. Many vegetables will also be included in the list of prohibited: it is beets, carrots, eggplant, bulgarian pepper (even green), sorrel, radishes, tomatoes and trousers. Meat and fish for meat and fish, then there are solid restrictions. The child's nutrition in food allergies must necessarily eliminate fatty varieties of fish, caviar, canned food and other seafood. From meat, small allergies are forbidden to eat everything that we are used to see every day at home: chicken, pork, veal, smoked sausages, most varieties of boiled sausages due to the presence of dyes and various meat delicacies, as well as duck and goose. Porridge and dairy products Many Moms, fighting for the health of the child, think that all porridge and all dairy products will go to her beloved in favor. In the case when there is an allergy to food in children, everything is not so simple. Manna and wheat cereals are powerful allergens. And all the dairy products are now divided for your baby on fermented milk, which can be used and dairy (this is milk, sour cream, cream, ion, melted and sharp cheeses), which are extremely contraindicated. Other allergenic products In addition, your baby should avoid sharp seasonings and sauces, coffee and chocolate, pasta and flour products, including baked bread, eggs, nuts and seeds, honey and kvass &
Semi-allergenic products
During the separation of products according to the degree of allergy, this kind of semi-allergenic products is distinguished. And simply, these are those products that should be consumed by small doses and with great care, due to the presence of allergens in them. The likelihood of allergies in children on these products is approximately 50%.
Fish here includes those few species of fish that can be used to your child: it's a heck, cod and pike perch. Meat here also refers chicken thorough heat treatment. Vegetables, fruits and berries from vegetable products Semi-allergenic are bananas, Brussels and cauliflower, legumes, broccoli, turnip, pumpkin, watermelon, lingonberry, cranberry, blueberries. To the same list, experts include apple marmalade. So you have the opportunity to pamper your crook sweet in small quantities. Herbal decoctions with a separate point should be made of herbal chambers. In general, they relate to semi-allergenic products, however, during dermatitis, chamomile decractions and a series are used as additives into water for swimming in order to reduce the allergic reaction, itching and dryness.
Child menu with food allergies
Well, now, when you know, than your child is better not to feed at all, and what it is worthwhile, I finally will tell you how it can and need to feed the child with allergies.
Equality products are primarily necessary to provide their child necessary for the growth of calcium, in its diet it is necessary to introduce fermented dairy products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt). Using the example of my daughter, I can say that some kids really like curd cheese, however, it is predetermined to remove the chocolate glaze. Also safe dairy products are cheese and butter. By the way about oils: corn and olive can be used from vegetable. Meat adding a child in the menu with food allergies meat, be prepared to spend. Hypoallergenic meat varieties include beef, turkey, rabbit, horse. This also includes boiled sausages and sausages, but they must be produced according to GOST and are intended for baby food. From my experience, I will say that otherwise your child will not only appear diathesis, but also a belly will break. Flour products To maintain in your child's body a sufficient level of carbohydrates required to generate energy, in its daily menu it is worth introducing foods such as non-folk bread with bran, crackers or dry cookies (you can also use special children's cookies), drying or crackers without additives, As well as a simple marshmallow and womb, which will surely come to taste with a small sweet tok. Kashi is an important part of baby food are porridge. With allergies, food in children is safe buckwheat, rice, pearl and oatmeal. Berries and fruits recommended for your baby. Berries and fruits are the gooseberry, white currant, white sweet cherry, plum and prunes, apples (green and yellow), pears. With caution, you can give a blueberry and banana. Vegetables An integral part of the nutrition of a child with food allergies - vegetables. Allergies will not be laid potatoes, white cabbage, zucchini, patisson, cucumber, spinach, green salad, parsley and dill. But here you should not forget that many of these vegetables will lead to gas formation, and if the belly is a weak place of your child, then you should not use them in large quantities. In general, white-baked cabbage and grapes are not recommended for children under 3 years old for these reasons. Often, children do not want to eat vegetables, since they their taste does not seem enjoyable. In this case, small tricks should be used. For example, you can not offer a child with a vegetable in the form of a puree, but to give a piece in hand - it is much more interesting. Another reception: to cut off the cucumber with a circle once, and another time the same cucumber cut the stripes - the new form will be interested in the baby.
To force the kid-allergy there are those products that you can, even if it doesn't really want this, there is a sufficient number of ways. At the age of 3 years old, you can forget for a time to forget the parental covenant "Do not play with food", and turn the food intake in a fun game. Food can be given interesting forms, cut out of vegetables and fruits figures, sculpt balls from bread along with the baby, remember the game to the "airplane", you can even pretend that you yourself want to eat children's food - this is one of the best motivations. In general, it all depends only on your imagination and patience.
Allergies (translated from the Greek Allos - other, ERGON - action) call the reaction of the immune system to any substance, the food product that performs the role of allergen. Usually, allergic reactions occur shortly after eating the product to which there is an increased sensitivity, but sometimes allergies are and delayed (slow), manifesting only a few hours after the eaten. As a rule, food allergies is manifested by lesions of the skin: a variety of rash, excessive dryness or, on the contrary, wetting, redness of the skin, itching. Such food allergies are customary called "diathesis", which can further grow into atopic (allergy) dermatitis. Other allergic manifestations are violations by the organs of the digestive tract: intestinal colic, jeling or vomiting, abdominal pain, increased gas formation with bloating, constipation or liquid stools. In children with this pathology, the intestinal dysbiosis is often observed. Much less often in food allergy suffering the respiratory system (allergic congestion of nasal strokes, difficulty breathing). And the combined manifestations of allergies are possible: damage to the skin and respiratory system, lesion of the skin and gastrointestinal tract. The risk factors of the development of allergic reactions in children can be: hereditary predisposition, especially in the presence of allergic reactions in the mother or both parents, a bad environmental situation, tobacocuria of parents. There are a certain risk of developing food allergies in children who have undergone intrauterine hypoxia (lack of oxygen), as well as born from mothers with chronic diseases hearts and lungs; from mothers who have undergone infectious diseases During pregnancy, and receiving antibiotics. Food allergies can develop from the first days or months of the child's life. Its appearance is due to the imperfect functions of the digestive tract (reduced activity of enzymes and protective proteins of blood - antibodies, increased permeability of the intestinal mucous membrane, intestinal microflora violation) transferred intestinal infections. The emergence of allergic reactions is often associated with inadequate nutrition of the mother during pregnancy and during breastfeeding period (excessive consumption of solid cow Milk., dairy products, high-caliped products, what will be discussed below), with the early translation of the child to artificial feeding with non-adaptable mixtures or solid milk and with the early administration of dust. Also the cause of food allergies can be the usual rearls of the child. With regular overeating, allergic reactions may even occur on those types of products that have recently been fine with the baby. In addition, the earlier acquaintance of the baby with high-caligenic products, for example, with chocolate, can lead to the development of food allergies. Because of the above-mentioned age characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract of kids, not fully split proteins are absorbed into the bloodstream. Their "fragments" launch a chain of allergic reactions, which leads to the allocation of histamine - biologically active substancecausing the extension of vessels, tissue swelling, itching.
Main allergens
Almost any product may be the cause of the development of allergic reactions. By the ability to cause these reactions, foods are divided into three groups. First group products with a high degree of risk of developing allergic reactions (allergenity) : Eggs, Fish, Any Meat Broths, Seafood, Caviar, Wheat, Rye, Strawberry, Strawberries, Pepper, Tomatoes, Carrots, Citrus, Kiwi, Pineapple, Melon, Person, Grenades, Cocoa, Nuts, Honey, Mushrooms, Chocolate, Coffee .
Second group - products with an average degree of allergenicity : whole milk, dairy products, chicken meat, beef, rice, oats, peas, buckwheat, soybean, beans, beets, potatoes, sugar, bananas, peaches, apricots, cherries, rosehip, cranberries, lingonberry, black currant.
And the third group includes low allergenic products: Equiply milk products, rabbit meat, horse, lean pork, turkey, lean lamb, color and white cabbage, broccoli, zucchini, patissons, cucumbers, corn, millet, barley, green varieties of pears and apples, garden greenery, white and red currant.
Cow's milk The main allergen that causes the development of food allergies in children of the first year of life is a cow's milk, which contains protein components - casein, albumin, lactoglobulin, lactoalbumin acting in the role of antigens. Therefore, the early translation of children on mixed and artificial feeding using dairy mixes increases the risk of developing allergies. But it happens that the babies on breastfeeding arises allergic to the proteins of cow's milk, and this is due to the excessive use of the mother of dairy products during the lactation period. Efficiency products contain proteins with low allergenity, so in some cases they can be used in the nutrition of children with allergies to whole milk.
Egg white A high-caloric product is a chicken egg protein, as well as eggs of other bird species. The allergenic properties of egg yolk are less expressed to a lesser extent than protein. Often the intolerance of chicken egg proteins is combined with intolerance chicken meat and broth.
Grass and legumes Among the cereal products, wheat and rye are the most allergenic, to a lesser extent, rice, oats, buckwheat, not containing gluten. Earlier it was believed that allergies to the bean, especially for Soy, is relatively rare, however, in recent years there has been a significant increase in food allergies to this product, due to a significant increase in soybean consumption in children's nutrition in the form of substitutes of milk and dairy products, supplements in sausages and confectionery.
Fish and seafood The highest percentage of allergic reactions is observed when used in the diet of child fish and seafood. Fish allergens are practically not destroyed with culinary processing. It is believed that allergies to the sea fish occur more often than to river, however, the body of the child allergy is usually reacting to all types of fish.
Nutritional supplements Frequent origin Allergic reactions are noted when using foods enriched with food additives - dyes, flavors, emulsifiers, preservatives, taste additives. These include "adults" yogurts and fruit juices, soups and fast food soups, chewing, carbonated drinks, sauces, etc.
Cross allergy In the development of polyvalent (multiple) food allergies great importance Have so-called cross reactions between different allergens. For example, with the intolerance of milk there is a reaction to sour cream, cottage cheese, cream, butter, sausages, sausages, beef. In case of intolerance of chicken meat, it is better to exclude chicken broth and duck meat. If there is intolerance of strawberries, a reaction to raspberries, currants, blackberry, strawberries, lingonberries are possible. When allergic to apples - cross reaction With a pear, quince, and in carrots - with parsley. When allergized to kefir, a reaction is possible and on yeast dough, kvass, effervescent drinks, antibiotics (penicillins). When reacting to apples, peaches, pears - the reaction to the birch pollen, alder, wormwood, with allergies to grapes - the reaction to the pollen of the Swan, etc.
Diet pattern
Early children (from 0 to 3 years) An important link in the treatment of allergic reactions is dietherapy. In children only on breastfeeding, suffering from the intolerance to the proteins of cow's milk, it is necessary to correct the diet of the mother, for this there are specially designed hypoallergenic (low-allergenic) diets that are appointed mothers for the entire period of breastfeeding. The kids, which are on mixed or artificial feeding with manifestations of food allergies, require the correction of breast milk substitutes (translation into adapted milk, soy mixes, mixtures based on goat milk, partially or completely hydrolyzed (with split proteins) of the mixture). This correction holds an exclusively attending pediatrician or nutritionist.
First Prikorm Allergic children are prescribed a little later (about 1 month) than healthy children, taking into account individual tolerance. The first lure is recommended in the form of a vegetable puree. If healthy children are first supplied to introduce from 6 months, then kids with food allergies - from 7 months . It can be a puree from zucchini, colored, blonde, brussels cabbage, light-colored pumpkin, patissons and other vegetables green and white painting. Vegetables in the puree are injected alternately, each new view for 3-5 days, gradually bringing to full volume. First, the child gives monocomponent (consisting of one product) mashed potatoes, and then gradually expand the range. Vegetable purees are prepared independently of fresh or frozen vegetables, and you can use special canned vegetables for baby food. Second Prikorm Approached approximately from 8 months In the form of silent and, preferably, gluten-free porridge - buckwheat, corn, rice. Porridge is prepared on water or from a specialized mixture. If you prepare a porridge yourself, it is necessary to add a small amount of vegetable or foam oil (5-10 g). When choosing a focus of industrial production, preference should be given to the sceneous gluten-free porridge, which are additionally enriched with vitamins, minerals, iron and do not require cooking (information about the composition of porridge can be read on the package). Third Prikorm in the form of meat puree introduced with 8.5-9 months . In case of intolerance to the proteins of cow's milk, allergies are possible and proteins of beef, therefore, it is recommended to use lean pork, horseback, rabbit meat, turkey or lamb as feeding. Start introduction meat Prikorma With monocomponent mashed potatoes, carefully tracking the reaction to new varieties of meat. Fruit dishes are prescribed taking into account individual tolerance from 10 months , or later. Fruits used should not have a bright color, preference is given green apples. Gradually, paying attention to the skin reaction, on the consistency of the chair, bananas, pears, yellow currants and plums are introduced. The duration of silent food in children with allergies to proteins of cow milk can be from 4 to 12 months or more. The expansion of their diet occurs due to the introduction equal milk products (After the execution of one year), which have a smaller allergenity compared to milk. First, kefir is introduced, then under the control of the child's condition, try to introduce dairy cereals and cottage cheese.
How to reduce allergenicity of products?There are certain features of culinary processing when preparing a hypoallergenic diet dishes aimed at reducing their allergenic properties.
|
In organizing the nutrition of a child with food allergies, it is necessary to eliminate the product or products that caused the product allergic reaction. In order to reveal this product, parents are recommended to conduct a special diary, with a list of all products received by the child during the day. Separately, every new product (hour and quantity), the time of appearance and the nature of reactions to it - rash, itching, redness of the skin, chair disorder, etc. The new product should be given to a child in small quantities (1-2 hours l.) Morning clock so that you can observe the development of an allergic reaction. In the absence of a reaction, you can increase the amount of product through the day, and within 3-5 days it is to bring it to the resulting age norm. If there is allergies to the product, it is excluded from the child's diet for a period that for each case is established by a pediatrician or a nutritionist individually. Food mode and daily meals must comply with age standards taking into account individual indicators physical development Child. Carbohydrates rich flour productsSweets not only can be direct allergens, but also often enhance the manifestations of food allergies to other products, so their number in the diet is recommended to limit. The amount of vegetable fats should be increased by 25% with respect to animal fat, since the first are the source of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids that contribute to a more rapid restoration of damaged skin sections and enhance the protective functions of the body. Children older than 3 years
For older children in the event of food allergies, more stringent restrictions in the diet are needed, since their diet is much wider than that of kids up to 3 years, and the failure for a long time from some types of products does not appease food value menu. In this case, step-by-step diet therapy is recommended, especially important in acute period Diseases. First step
- This is an appointment for 1-2 weeks, the so-called nonspecific hypoallergenic diet - an exception from the diet of all potential allergens. Against the background of such a diet, an allergological examination of a child is carried out, aimed at identifying the "guilty" product - allergen, by setting allergic samples or detecting allergens in the blood. High allergenia products are excluded, food additives, dishes irritating the gastrointestinal mucosa (broth, sharp, salt, pickled, fried, smoked dishes, spices). Limited dairy products, salt, sugar, some cereals, flour products. On the second stage
For each child, an individual diet is compiled, taking into account the identified allergens. They are excluded from the diet before the appearance of the resistivity (lack external signs) Diseases, as a rule, for 1-3 months. On third stage,
If signs of allergies disappeared or explicitly decreased, the child's diet is gradually expanding, introducing "prohibited" products and dishes (explicitly allergens are still completely excluded). We introduce products one by one, starting with small doses (up to 10 grams per day), in the morning, controlling the well-being of the child, the condition of the skin, the temperature reaction, the chair, writing the results in the food diary. If the use of a new product in the increasing dose for several days is not accompanied by negative reactions, the next, previously prohibited product is introduced into the diet of the child with the same caution.
One-piece milk - milk, with the processing of which was not changed qualitatively or quantitatively, none of its components - proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, mineral salts etc.
Gluten - vegetable protein contained in some cereals: rye, barley, oats, as well as in wheat, from which the semolina is capable of causing an early age in children thin gut - celiac disease and allergic reactions, since kids have a deficiency of the enzyme of peptidase, splitting gluten.
Allergy today took the scale of the epidemic. Most often it is first manifested in childhoodhaving a hereditary nature. In addition to antiallergenic drugs, a diet with allergies in children play an important role in the treatment of the disease. The choice of food for the baby allergization is not the easy task. Food should be not only quite diverse to supply a growing organism with everything necessary, but also take into account all limitations.
All products in the diet of the child with allergies should be administered only with the permission of the doctor.
Meat in the Allergy
In the menu, the kid with allergies may be present such types of meat:
- Turkey;
- Rabbit;
- Horsemeat;
- Lenten pork;
- Young beef;
- Chicken (permitted not to all children).
If a child, this suggests that the organism of the crumbs reacts negatively to the cow protein. Allergic to such products as cottage cheese, sour cream, cream, butter, beef meat, sausage, and sausages are developing with the intolerance of milk. Treatment is based on diet observance. Parents should strictly observe the restrictions, not including beef in the diet of the child even in very small quantities. Typically, a specific reaction to milk protein under the condition of the diet passes to three years.
Other dishes can be prepared from meat for a child with food allergies:
- Grinding meatballs (for cooking any meat, in addition to beef, grind, add chopped onion, sometimes rice) to a pair or boiled in broth, water;
- Steam meatballs in classic recipe (if a child has allergies to eggs, then they do not add them);
- Liquid graft with meat minced meat (minced meat rushing with vegetables in a saucery, plotting water and extinguished until readiness).
Cottage cheese in food allergies
In the child, the intolerance of cottage cheese can manifest itself outwardly and internally. Usually, the crumbs are present skin rashes, swells mucous oral cavity. But external manifestations are not as terrible as the sensation of the patient during the development of an allergic reaction. The baby is manifested by nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, pain spasms in the stomach. It can also disturb runny nose and tears.
The diet is to complete the exclusion of cottage cheese from the menu. It must be remembered that during heat treatment (in casseroles, pies, dumplings) this product remains an allergenic, since the reaction provokes protein, which at such a temperature does not decompose. Parents should be particularly careful when introducing cottage cheese as the first dust. Curds for baby food also provoke allergies.
The reaction to cottage cheese is possible due to the unfulfilled composition of the product.
Eggs in a diet in food allergies
In the eggs, the reaction provokes protein. It is in it contained protein compounds that provoke allergies for kids. Interestingly, if the egg is for a long time, its allergenic properties become less expressive. In order for malicious properties to be very weak, you need to cook the product for at least 10 minutes.
But the yolk eggs can be included in the nutrition with allergies in children. It is necessary to carefully monitor so that even the small part of the protein does not get into the yolk. Otherwise, an instant skin reaction occurs. Children up to the year's egg better not to give at all. If the crumbs diagnosed allergies on eggs, then the diet must be observed for several years. Basically, after this, the allergies passes (to confirm this, after 2 years spend a special test).
Dietary cereal for children's menu
- Oatmeal;
- Buckwheat;
- Boiled rice;
- Millet porridge;
- Corn;
- Pea porridge;
- Puree from chickpea;
- Freshly frozen beans.
Porridge is preparing salted and sweet, adding fructose in some cases. Buckwheat and oatmeal boils into water. Because for children with allergies there are limitations for milk, then butter Do not add. Porridge is squeezed by desserving sesame oil. The raw rice is crushed in front of cooking, and then prepare in the oven in a special clay pot. You can also prepare rice steamed with the addition of bow, mince and peas.
Green peas to add to dishes with food allergies it is better to freeze from summer on their own.
For cooking mashed potatoes, it is boiled, and then crushed in a blender. The dish is suitable as a side dish to cutlets or mells. But from buckwheat, you can not only prepare a hypoallergenic porridge, but also apply it as an ingredient for cooking a kitlet. To form products, the croup must be pulled out, and then mix with minced meat. Lazy cabbage rolls are considered a nutritious dish that children prone to food allergies are prepared according to an ordinary recipe.
Bread in a hypoallergenic diet
Wheat allergies happen in children quite often. If the disease takes place, the bread products in the Child menu should not contain wheat flour. Despite the fact that wheat is the main cereal product, it is also considered a powerful allergen. Basically, the reaction occurs against the background of gluten intolerance, which is contained in the flour. This component is also contained in barley and OVE.
From bread, Darnitsky variety is suitable or you can replace wheat products with special diet loaves.
It may develop because of too early introduction of gluten-containing products. Often, such a reaction is accompanied by children's pollinosis, when the allergen becomes pollen of cereals and herbs. Even if the child is not yet recommended a diet, do not hurry with the introduction of gluten-containing products in its diet. The immune system often takes them as alien, consequence of allergies. The gluten is also contained in the traditional semolina, therefore it is not worth starting to give to the crumb too early.
Vegetables and fruits
You can diversify the menu of the child with allergies such vegetables:
- Cabbage (all kinds);
- Zucchini;
- Cucumber;
- Topinambur;
- Parsnip;
- Squash;
- Onion (green and on);
- Celery;
- Potatoes (if an allergy is allergic to starch, then it is soaked in water at least 12 hours, and then washed before cooking).
In order for the dishes is more interesting for the taste, they are seasoned with parsley, dill, laurel sheet. Prepare vegetables in the form of mashed potatoes, stew, casserole, vegetable soups, steamed. Suggest vegetable dishes with diet with such oils:
- Olive (only cold first spin);
- Linen;
- Sesame.
Pumpkin and carrots
These fruits are considered allergens of the same type. They have a similar composition, therefore, as a rule, if the child manifested allergies to a pumpkin, then the diet also includes a restriction on carrots. These products are not desirable as the first dust. They have proteins whose composition resembles pollen plants. In the development of the reaction to pumpkin and carrot, the factor of heredity is of great importance.
In most cases, the disease provoke carrots and pumpkin in the raw form, but such clinical cases were recorded when symptoms developed after the use of thermally processed products. Do not even be in the absence of food allergies there are carrots in large quantities. The norm for the child is half the medium carrot per day (for an adult - a whole root of medium sizes).
Mom crumbling allergies during breastfeeding is also obliged to comply with the diet. If the child is powered by a mixture, it can be used:
- Mixtures for casein;
- Soy mixtures (not for all children);
- Hypoallergenic puree from vegetables, fruits, berries;
- Meat hypoallergenic mashed potatoes from lamb, rabbit, turkey (preferably with minimal starch in them).
To introduce first dust for children prone to allergies, you need extremely careful. Products need to be added to the menu one by one in very small quantities. It is important not to rush. Even if the formation of the diet will take a lot of time, it is worth it. Using perseverance, patience and consistent actions in most parents, it turns out to preserve the health of the child.
Watermelons
It is a sweet and fairly useful delicacy, the favorite children of different years and adults of all ages, traditionally decorate our tables. In addition to the refreshing taste, it replenishes the body by trace elements and a complex of vitamins. Alas, he can also cause allergies. The fact is that in the process of cultivation and storage, watermelons absorbs nitrates and harmful substances. Accordingly, if he has grown or sold near the road, an industrial enterprise, then his flesh becomes a poisonous for all family members. Only an allergist can accurately determine what caused the reaction in a child - the watermelon itself or substances accumulated in the pulp.
Grapes like allergen
Diet little child Be sure to limit the consumption of grapes. It often provokes sufficiently strong allergic reactions. Allergies may be associated not only with intolerance, but also increased sensitivity of the baby immunity and various negative factors from the external environment. Delicious berries In the menu of the child from an early age, they provoke skin rashes, sneezing, cough, edema mucous membranes, runny nose.
Grapes are a product that is difficult to absorb. Naturally at an early age (especially up to three years), children must comply with a diet that consists of products that do not give large load on digestive system. Most of all allergens in the dark grapes. Unlike many other allergens, these juicy berries do not lose their allergenic properties during heat treatment, so children should not give not only grapes, but also juices, compotes from it, as well as raisins.
In some cases, the reaction is not grapes, but those substances with which it is processed. It refers to perishable berries. True cause Allergies in a child establishes an allergist with a number of studies. If symptoms are not connected with grapes, then it is soaked in water before the next use, and then washed thoroughly under running water.
Tomatoes like allergens
To the group "Tomato" allergens, scientists include red peppers, spinach and cabbage. Correctly identify the antigen, which has caused the cause of allergies, is possible only in a special center. In case of confirmation of the diagnosis, the crumble will be recommended a diet without dangerous vegetables. Parents need to be attentive, as these products are part of many soups, salads and sauces. Especially carefully need to track the composition of dishes of children up to three years.
Sweets and allergies
If a child has a strong itching in the face, hands, legs and neck, diathesis, then, most likely, it is. By themselves, sweets do not provoke the disease. Cause in product components. All guilt is the animal protein that is used for the preparation of desserts. Instead of immediately eliminating the baby from the menu, all the sweets and perchive it on a tough diet, it is worth going to an allergist and determine what exactly led to the current situation.
Restriction in sweets makes a child irritable. Without glucose, the work of the brain becomes not so active, the crumb is quickly tired. In addition, the ban on favorite desserts and diet children perceive not as a measure of treating food allergies, but as a punishment. This may cause mental disorders.
You can refer to the specialists of our site for advice. To do this, just ask a question without leaving this page. You can get recommendations regarding the baby's diet direct now.
Honey as a cause of allergies
Honey is a multicomponent product, so an allergy in a child up to three years and older usually provokes one of its components. Usually the reaction is associated with allergies in the child to pollen one of the plants. During the processing of pollen, partially loses its allergenic properties, but the remaining enough in order to develop a disease in the kid. If you correctly determine the pollen of which plant is allergens, then the child does not have to observe a strict diet: it will be possible to give honey with pollen safe for crumbs of colors.
In allergenters spend special research. They allow you to reveal the allergen as accurately as possible. The disease develops in children quite rapidly and, as a rule, requires symptomatic treatment. But in some cases, manifestations are so much so much that little allergy has to hospitalize.
Diet with food allergies for fish
The cause of the reaction to the fish is Parvalbumin - this is a muscular protein. Diet in this case should be very strict. Allergy child with bronchial asthma, I enee a small portion of a dish with such a product can get anaphylactic shock. Allergies on such a protein manifests itself from an early age and, unlike some other allergens, does not pass even in adulthood.
There is a fish in which Parvalbumin was not discovered - this is a tuna. It can be actively included in the menu with a child with allergies to fish. It should be borne in mind that in the dishes in which other fish prepared, you should not cook tuna for crumbs. Doctors recommend all family members to drink tuna, so as not to risk the health of the crumbs. Danger for little allergy tat even smell fried fish - Allergen also falls into the air.
Allergy-prohibited products
- Carbonated drinks;
- Meat duck, goose, beef;
- Chicken eggs;
- Sausages;
- Fish and seafood;
- Smoked;
- Cow milk, cheese;
- Fruits, berries and vegetables bright colors;
- Pobeda, baking with wheat flour;
- Sweets;
- Seasonings and sauces;
- Honey and bee products;
- Nuts (the most allergenic of them - peanuts);
- Rosehip;
- Citrus;
- Products with preservatives, dyes, flavors.
At the first stage of diet therapy, during periods of exacerbation from the diet, exclude high-caliped products (eggs, chickens, honey, citrus, chocolate, etc.), all kinds meat broths, sharp, salted, pickled products, canned food, smoked, spices, offal. It is impossible to give marmalade, flip, caramel, marshmallow, fruit water, syrups, ice cream due to food additives contained in them. Chewing gums are not allowed!
Limit dishes from semolina, wheat flour, bread, buns, confectionery and pasta; whole milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, butter; Sugar is only up to half of the age norm, salt up to 3-4 g per day.
Approximate menu
Breakfast: Porridge (buckwheat, rice, pearl, oatmeal, corn), cooked on a fruit brave with green fresh apples or pears, meat steam cutlets (Boiled meat), potato or vegetable puree, cheese, kefir, tea without sugar.
Lunch: Vegetarian soup or soup from various vegetables; rice soup, pearl; On the second - meat puree or boiled meat (meat steam cutlets or the same meatballs, booths from boiled meat); on garnish-boiled or vegetable stew (cabbage, potatoes, zucchini, pumpkin), boiled crumbly fig Or buckwheat. On the third - compote from fresh fruits having a green color, just fresh fruit or natural (apple, pear) juice - not canned, and cooked at home!
Afternoon school: fruit, kefir, dry cookies.
Dinner: porridge, meat puree (meat steam cutlets or meatballs, lazy cabbage rolls), potato or vegetable puree, tea without sugar.
Before bedtime: kefir.
Just remember: food should be warm and has a child needed 5-6 times a day.
The minimum duration of a strictly non-charled diet - 3 months. But if the improvement is slow, the doctor lengtheys the term to six or eighteen months.
Against the background of a common non-charled diet with which you now met, built individual diet of the child. "Personal" food allergens are excluded, which revealed to this time (here the food diary is the main assistant and parents, and the doctor, if you start).
Remember how to process products by preparing food for children suffering from food allergies:
Cereals patch in cold water 10-12 hours to remove possible pesticides;
Potatoes, peeled and fine, leave in cold water for 12-14 hours in cold water to remove part of starch and nitrates;
All other vegetables, also sliced, keep the hour-two before cooking in cold water;
Meat tailoring twice: Fill it first cold water, Bring to a boil and negotiate 20-30 minutes. Then drain the broth, pour meat hot water and bring to readiness;
Allocate all products, snap, prepare for a couple or bake in the oven.
Video on the topic
Chihanye, cough, tears, rash, headache -This is constant allergy satellites. If the cause of allergies is known - then it is necessary to eliminate it. But most often set this cause is not so simple and allergic can appear on a wide variety of products.
If you felt - then immediately sit on the strictest basic diet. From drinks can be used non-carbonated water and fasten black or green tea. We use those that are very rarely caused by allergies. Consider, the products can be used during this diet:
1. Vegetable and cereal soups (permitted on chicken broth)
2. Oatmeal or buckwheat porridge without adding and with a small amount of salt.
3. Bread products: Gray stale bread, gallery cookies, bagels, crackers.
4. Chicken fillet, chicken breasts, turkey meat.
5. Dairy: Sewage kefir (without), low-fat cottage cheese, light cheese varieties
6. Vegetables: white, color, Brussels cabbage, as well as broccoli (sauer, stew, fresh, boiled), zucchini, parsley greens, dill, stroke beans, cucumber, boiled potatoes
7. Fruits: Green apples (including oven), currant, gooseberry.
I advise this basic diet to observe about 4 weeks. After that, you can enter 1 new product (1 product) and follow as reacting to it. And the main thing is the approxitive attitude with which anything on the shoulder!
What the child eats in the first year of life is of great importance for his health in the future. Take care that your baby gets everything you need for active growth and development.
From birth to 4 months
Up to four months, the baby is on solely breastfeeding, feeding occurs on demand. Drawing is not yet introduced. No dopping by water, children's teasions, should not be juice. The gastrointestinal tract of the child is not yet ready to take any other food, except for maternal milk or replacing its dairy mixture. If it seems to you that the baby does not have enough of your milk, do not rush to sink it with a mixture, try more often to apply a baby to the chest to stimulate lactation. If necessary, you can call the consultant for breastfeeding.4 - 6 months
If the child is on breastfeeding, the only menu item in its diet should remain maternal milk. With artificial feeding at 5-6 months of life, you can already begin to introduce lures. The enclosure scheme can be considered on the example of a baby that feeds on breast milk, it is only necessary to consider a little more early deadlines For artificials.6-7 months
By 6 months, your baby has already formed intestinal microflora, the intestinal peristalistic has improved, chewingly comes to replace the sucking reflex. Thus, the child is already ready to try new products. There are several rules when applying supplies:In the first morning and the last evening feeding is given only breast milk;
- the new product is introduced into the second feeding, in order to be able to be able to observe the child to the product throughout the day, to start with half a teaspoon and bring to the desired volume during the week;
- lure is given to breast milk;
- You can only with a spoon;
- The new product is introduced once every 1.5 - 2 weeks.
To choose the first products should be approached carefully. If another 10 years ago, the supplies began mainly from apple juice, now, on the recommendation of the World Health Organization, the first to enter the baby porridge and vegetable puree in the Tabe menu. If the baby is badly gaining weight, it is better to start with a porridge, in all other cases, the lure should begin with a vegetable puree. If you first introduced porridge, then after 2-3 weeks you can enter mashed potatoes, and vice versa, if the first baking is a vegetable puree, followed by porridge.
The first cereals should be without milk and without sugar. While eliminating gluten-containing cereals (oatmeal, semolina, barley, pearl, wheat). You can add a little breast milk to porridge. Kids on artificial feeding can be immediately administered dairy porridge.
From seven months in the diet of the kid, you can enter the fruit puree, starting traditionally from the apple, also on the spoon. Kashi can already buy dairy and containing gluten.
8 - 9 months
At this age, egg yolk, cottage cheese, meat should appear in the kid menu. You can add 2 grams of butter in porridge. Finally, fruit juice appears, but at first it is necessary to breed in half with water.Boiled egg yolk is frozen and mixed with breast milk. Meat independently and grind for puree or take advantage of children canned meat. Add meat little into a vegetable puree. Cottage cheese you can write down in the dairy kitchen or buy in the store in the form of a children's curd.
Now the baby has already appeared the first teeth and you can try to give it an apple. Clean the apple from the casing entirely and give the child. It is impossible to give a small piece, because A child can try to eat it entirely and stir.
10 - 12 months
In the Toddler menu, you can add pasta, bread, baby cookies. He has enough teeth to stop giving rearrangement food, vegetables and meat can cut pieces.Now the baby has a full-fledged menu, and breast milk becomes no longer a food product, but rather one of the ways to communicate with mom. Nevertheless, it is still useful for the health of the child, so complete breast-feeding Not yet recommended.
Video on the topic
When a pediatrician allows the child to enter the child, he introduces mom with a list of vegetables and fruits that can cause allergies. The list of these pumpkin products does not mean. In most recommendations, it goes as a hypoallergenic product. But occasionally there are alarming messages to mothers that the symptoms of allergy appeared in the babe after the introduction of the pumpkin.
Although for most toddles, the product is harmless, but it will be useful to show caution. This is especially true of children who have already manifested allergic reactions in the form of diathesis or atopic dermatitis.
What is the cause of allergy to pumpkin
It is believed that two factors can cause allergies to pumpkin: the increased content of carotenoids and the F225 protein is an individual pumpkin allergen.
Carotenoids increase immunity, have a beneficial effect on vision, are natural antioxidants, participate in the development of vitamin A. But, accumulating in the body, these two components may be perpetrators of allergies.
The F225 protein is an individual allergen. And if the child has the intolerance to this protein, the body will begin intensively produce antibodies on an alien protein. As a result, the use of pumpkin will cause a typical allergic reaction from the kid: rash, redness of the skin, itching.
Is Pumpkin is always fault
If you gave the child a pumpkin puree from the bank and after that notice the symptoms of allergies, analyze the composition of the components that are included in the product. The reason may be in them.
Pumpkin accumulates chemicals from fertilizers. If the unscrupulous manufacturers were abused by their cultivation, then the concentration may be high. Then the cause of allergies is not in the pumpkin, but in the action of these chemicals. In any case, it must be found out.
To determine the individual intolerance to the f225 pumpkin protein make blood test. It will reveal the presence of antibodies to this protein.
If the manifestations of allergies are insignificant, then at home can also find out whether the pumpkin is guilty. Usually the reaction is manifested for several hours. Noticing the symptoms, remove the pumpkin from the diet. A month later, enter the dishes from the pumpkin again. At the same time, do not use the canine puree. It is advisable to prepare puree from pumpkin on their own, grown without the use of chemical fertilizers. If the symptoms appeared again, then the pumpkin is to blame.
Due to unreasonable fears, you should not deprive the child of this tasty and useful product. You just need to correctly and carefully enter it in lures. There is no need to feed the baby pumpkin daily only because it is very useful. Everything is good.
Cystitis during pregnancy: to cure and prevent repeated development can be pregnant during cystitis
Is it possible to make a pregnant cherry?
Cesarean without indications possible operation?
Cesarean section: from preparation for surgery before extracting from the maternity hospital What you need to make caesarean section
Menstrual-like bleeding in the middle of the cycle