Infant rash treatment. What do the different skin rashes look like in children? Skin rashes

• Rash
• On the face
• On the body
• On the belly
• On the back
• On the neck
• On the buttocks
• On foot

Parents always perceive the appearance of a rash on the child's skin with concern, because everyone knows that the condition of the skin reflects the state of the whole body. Is a child's rash always a cause for concern, how to understand what is happening to the child and how to help him, we will tell you in this article.

Features of baby skin

The skin of children is not like the skin of adults. Babies are born with very thin skin - the dermis of newborns is about twice as thin as the median skin layer of adults. The outer layer is the epidermis, which thickens gradually, as the crumbs grow older.

In the first month of life, the skin can be red or purple. This is due to the fact that the blood vessels in babies are located close to the surface, and the subcutaneous tissue is not enough, because of this, the skin may look "transparent". This is especially noticeable when the newborn freezes - a marble vascular mesh appears on the skin.

The skin of babies loses moisture faster, it is more vulnerable to bacteria, viruses, fungi and mechanical stress. She begins to thicken only in 2-3 years and this process lasts up to 7 years. The skin of younger schoolchildren is already beginning to resemble the skin of adults in its characteristics and functionality. But after 10 years, a new test awaits children's skin - this time during puberty.

There is nothing surprising in the fact that thin baby skin reacts to any external influence or internal processes with rashes of the most different caliber, color and structure. And not every child's rash can be considered harmless.

It is important to understand that there is no causeless rash in children, any pimple or change in pigmentation has a basis, sometimes pathological.

What is a rash?

A rash with medicine is considered to be a variety of skin rashes, which in one way or another change the appearance of the skin in color or texture. For parents, the entire rash is about the same, but doctors always distinguish primary rashes that formed first, and secondary ones that formed later, in place of the primary ones or nearby.

Different childhood illnesses are characterized by different combinations of primary and secondary elements.

hormonal.

Causes of occurrence

The reasons that cause the development of skin rashes can be varied. Much depends on the age and general condition of the child.

In newborns and children under one year old

In newborns and babies in the first year of life, the rash is often physiological, which should not cause special concerns on the part of adults. The skin of the baby adapts to a new environment for itself - anhydrous, and this process is often given to the baby with great difficulty. Therefore, any adverse effect can cause rashes all over the body.

The most common rash at this age is acne hormonal, in which white or yellow pimples may appear on the face and neck. This phenomenon is "guilty" of the maternal hormones estrogens, which the child got in the last months of the mother's pregnancy. Gradually, their effect on the body decreases, hormones leave the child's body. By six months, there is no trace of such pimples.

Babies react very often allergic rash to unsuitable food, substances, medicines and even household chemicals that mom uses to wash clothes and bedding, and wash floors and dishes.

Another common cause of a rash in infancy is diaper rash and prickly heat. A rash on the body, head, arms and legs at an early age also appears with infectious diseases, as well as due to violation of hygiene rules.

Too dry air in the room where the baby lives, heat, excessive diligent washing of the skin with soap and other detergents provoke drying out of the skin, which only contributes to the development of various types of rashes.

Slight dryness of the skin in the first 3-4 weeks after birth is a variant of the physiological norm.

From birth, baby's skin is covered with a lipid "mantle", the so-called fatty protective layer. "Mantle" is gradually washed off and erased. With proper care, this temporary natural dryness is easily compensated for by the child's body - the sebaceous glands gradually begin to produce the right amount of protective lubricant.

In children over 1 year old

There are not so many physiological reasons for the appearance of a rash after a year. In rare cases, hormonal imbalances remain due to exposure to maternal sex hormones. All other cases are mostly pathological. In preschool age, the incidence of viral infections, which are characterized by a rash, increases in children. These are chickenpox, measles, scarlet fever and other childhood diseases.

With a one-year-old child, who has not yet started attending kindergarten and organized children's groups, the risks of contracting herpes or other viral infection are lower than in children aged 3 to 7 years. Local immunity at this age begins to work better than in infants, for this reason, many bacterial skin ailments can be successfully avoided.

Up to 3 years the effect of allergens on the child's body is still strong, and therefore the appearance of a rash on different parts of the body - on the face, head, on the abdomen, on the elbows and even on the eyelids and ears - is a fairly common occurrence after eating a product containing an allergen, one or another medicinal product, contact with pollen, animal hair, household chemicals.

And here acne in preschool age is rare. And even if it takes place, then we are most likely talking about metabolic disorders, lack of vitamins, minerals, diseases of the internal secretion organs.

In children from 10 years old

After 10 years, children have only one type of physiological rash - teenage acne. Under the influence of sex hormones, which begin to be produced in the body of girls and boys, the sebaceous glands are activated.

Excessive production of sebum leads to blockage of the duct of the glands and inflammation of the gland itself and the hair follicle.

The immunity of children is already sufficiently formed, preventive vaccinations have not passed without a trace for the body, and therefore the risk of contracting "childhood diseases" in adolescence is much lower. Many children have been ill with them before.

A rash in 15-16 year olds can also be a symptom of a sexually transmitted disease, since a lot of boys and girls at this age begin an active sex life. Rashes on the skin of the face and upper body can also be a consequence of the use of steroids, with the help of which young men, and sometimes girls, try to create a "beautiful relief" body when doing fitness.

Allergic rash in adolescence is not as common as in younger children. Usually, if a teenager is allergic, the parents know about this and the appearance of rashes will not surprise or scare them at all, since they already have a good idea of ​​how to deal with it.

At any age, metabolic disorders, a lack of vitamins A, E, C, PP, as well as dysbiosis, disruption of the stomach and intestines, and kidneys can become the cause of the rash.

Diagnostics and self-diagnostics

The pediatrician, allergist, gastroenterologist and infectious disease specialist can understand the causes of the rash.

For diagnostics, standard methods are used - blood tests, urine, feces. Quite often, skin scrapings, samples of the contents of vesicles and pustules are taken for analysis. This makes it possible to establish not only an accurate diagnosis, but also the type and type of pathogen, when it comes to infection, as well as to which drugs pathogens are sensitive.

Self-diagnosis includes a set of simple actions to assess the situation.

Parents should undress the child, examine the skin, note the nature of the rash (vesicles, pustules, papules, etc.), its extent. Then you should measure the child's body temperature, examine the throat and tonsils, note the remaining symptoms, if any, and decide to call a doctor.

Small red

On the body

A small rash without suppuration on the abdomen, back, buttocks can be a bright and characteristic symptom of allergies. In children under one year old, a small red rash under the armpits, on the shoulders, on the buttocks and in the perineum can also indicate the presence of prickly heat, diaper rash.

If red skin rashes cover a large area of ​​the body, it is worth considering toxic erythema.

It is important to remember and analyze what preceded the appearance of the rash.

If the child was nauseous, vomited, he had diarrhea, then we can talk about pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, if the rash appeared after a temperature and it is red-pink, then it is probably a herpes virus that causes childhood exanthema.

In most cases, the appearance of a small red rash on the body is a sign of an infectious disease, such as rubella.

On the face

Such a rash on the face may indicate an allergic reaction to food, medicines, or cosmetics. The rashes themselves in case of allergies do not have purulent cavities, blisters.

Most often, in young children, an allergic rash is localized on the chin, cheeks and behind the ears, and in older children - on the forehead, in the eyebrows, on the neck, on the nose. Rarely, allergic rashes affect only the face, usually the rash is found on other parts of the body.

A red rash appears on the face with some viral diseases. If the child did not eat anything suspicious and new, did not take medications, led a normal lifestyle, then in case of rashes on the face, it is imperative to measure the temperature and call a doctor. The temperature usually rises and the doctor diagnoses chickenpox, measles, or another infection.

In this case, the child has signs of ARVI - malaise, headache, runny nose, cough.

On arms and legs

In children of the first year of life, a reddish small rash on the limbs can be a sign of allergy (like urticaria), as well as a consequence of overheating and violation of hygiene rules - diaper rash.

The rash is usually located in the skin folds - under the knees, at the bend of the elbow from the inside, in the groin area.

A red rash of various sizes and types can affect the arms and legs of a child with viral and bacterial infections, scarlet fever, leukemia. With measles, the rash appears on the palms and feet. The appearance of red rashes on the limbs is always a reason to call a doctor at home.

On the head

A red rash on the scalp is usually covered with allergic reactions, including hair care products, soap. In babies, the most likely cause of the rash is prickly heat. Since babies carry out thermoregulation with the help of the scalp, it is she who reacts to overheating and sweating. Also, this symptom may indicate a viral infection.

Colorless

It is not easy for parents to notice a colorless rash, but this is a fixable matter, since any colorless rashes will sooner or later manifest themselves more clearly. Most often, a rash without a pronounced color signals the initial stage of an allergy.

On the body. An almost imperceptible rash with no distinct color or very pale appearance on the body can cause a rough, "goose bumps" sensation when touched. It looks like goosebumps that "run" on the skin when frightened or chilled. The rashes are located close to each other and are sometimes massive. There is an assumption that such a rash is a consequence of hormonal "surges".

On the head. On the face and head, a rough, colorless rash usually appears with lactose deficiency. Usually this is accompanied by intestinal disorders, the child often has a frothy greenish liquid stool with an unpleasant odor.

Watery

A watery rash can be a clear symptom of a herpes infection, as well as impetigo, streptococcal angulitis, and even sunburn.

On the body. If blisters filled with fluid appear on the sides and extremities, there is a chance that the child has developed bullous impetigo. Long-term exposure to the sun also causes blistering skin lesions in children, but the skin will appear reddened and somewhat swollen. On the abdomen and back, blisters can appear with chickenpox.

Often, blisters on the body are due to an allergic reaction, as well as from insect bites.

• On the face. Watery rashes on the face appear as cold sores. In the nasolabial triangle, around the lips, in the nose, the herpes simplex virus appears. Streptoderma and erysipelas may appear in a similar way.

Infectious bacterial

A pustular rash caused by pathogenic bacteria is treated with antibiotics and antiseptics. Moreover, antibiotics are selected after analysis for bacterial culture, when the doctor has clear information about which bacteria caused suppuration and to which antibacterial agents they show sensitivity.

Usually children are prescribed penicillins, less often cephalosporins. In case of mild infection, local treatment with ointments with antimicrobial action is sufficient - Levomekol, Baneocin, erythromycin ointment, gentamicin ointment, tetracycline ointment.

In some cases, for an extensive and severe infection or infection that risks spreading to internal organs, it is prescribed antibiotics inside - for babies in the form of a suspension, for preschoolers and adolescents - in tablets or injections.

Preference is given to drugs with a wide spectrum of action, usually of the penicillin group - "Amoxiclav", "Amosin", "Amoxicillin", "Flemoxin Solutab". If the funds of this group are ineffective, cephalosporin antibiotics or macrolides can be prescribed.

As antiseptics well-known aniline dyes are often used - brilliant green solution (brilliant green) for staphylococcal infection or "Fukortsin" for streptococcus. Damaged skin is treated with salicylic alcohol.

Along with antibiotics, if they are prescribed by mouth, the child is recommended to take drugs that will help to avoid the occurrence of dysbiosis - "Bifiborm", "Bifidumbacterin". It is also useful to start taking vitamin complexes that are appropriate for the child's age.

Some purulent rashes, such as boils and carbuncles, may require surgery, during which the formation is incised crosswise under local anesthesia, the cavity is cleaned, and treated with antiseptics and antibiotics. There is no need to be afraid of such a mini-operation.

The consequences of refusing it can be very dire, because a staphylococcal infection can lead to sepsis and death.

Prickly heat and diaper rash

If a baby has prickly heat, then this is a signal for parents to change the conditions in which the child lives. The temperature regime should be at the level of 20-21 degrees Celsius. The heat only intensifies the prickly heat. Irritation from sweat, although it gives the child a lot of excruciating sensations and pain, can be treated quickly enough.

The main medicine in this case is cleanliness and fresh air. The child should be washed off with warm water without soap and other cosmetic detergents. Several times a day you need to arrange air baths for the baby naked. You should not wrap up the child, and if he still sweats, for example, while walking on the street in a warm overalls in winter, then immediately after returning home, pay for the child in the shower and change into clean and dry clothes.

With severe diaper rash, damaged skin is treated 2-3 times a day. Most thoroughly and thoroughly - after a daily evening swim. After it, "Bepanten", "Desitin", "Sudokrem" are applied to still damp skin with signs of prickly heat. Powder should be used with great care, since talcum powder is very drying to the skin.

Baby cream or any other fatty creams and ointments should not be applied to the skin of a child with prickly heat, as they moisturize, not dry out. You should also avoid getting massage oil on diaper rash during evening restorative procedures.

Allergic

If the rash is allergic, treatment will be to find and rule out the child's interaction with the allergenic substance that caused the rash. To do this, the allergist conducts a series of special tests using test strips with allergens. If it is possible to find the protein that caused the rash, the doctor gives recommendations on the exclusion of everything that contains such a substance.

If the antigen protein cannot be found (and this happens often), then the parents will have to try and exclude from the child's life everything that poses a potential threat - plant pollen, food (nuts, whole milk, chicken eggs, red berries and fruits, some types of fresh herbs and even some types of fish, an abundance of sweets).

You will have to be especially careful about the baby's skin care products.

Usually, eliminating the allergen is more than enough to stop the allergy and the rash disappears without a trace. If this does not happen, as well as in case of severe allergies, the doctor prescribes antihistamines (Tavegil, Tsetrin, Suprastin, Loratadin and others).

Simultaneously with them, it is desirable to take calcium preparations and vitamins. Locally, if necessary, the child is used hormonal ointments - "Advantan", for example. Severe forms of allergies, in which, in addition to skin rash, there are pronounced respiratory manifestations, as well as internal pathologies, the treatment of the child is carried out stationary.

Fungal lesions

Fungal infections are highly contagious, so the child must be isolated. Babies are treated permanently. Older children will be admitted to the infectious diseases hospital in case of moderate and severe illness. As a local treatment, antifungal ointments- "Lamisil", "Clotrimazole", "Fluconazole" and others.

With extensive lesions, when colonies of fungi "settled" not only on the limbs, on the wrist, on the legs or on the neck, but also on the back of the head in the scalp, the child is prescribed in addition to ointments antifungal drugs in tablets or injections.

At the same time, doctors recommend taking immunomodulators, as well as antihistamines, since the waste products of fungal colonies often cause an allergic reaction. Treatment for fungi is the longest, after the first course, which lasts from 10 to 14 days, a second, "control" course is prescribed, which must be carried out after a short break.

At home, all things and bedding of a sick child are subject to thorough washing and ironing. He himself cannot be bathed during treatment.

The time has passed when the treatment of such diseases was rather painful. There is no need to sprinkle lice dust on your head or apply kerosene to your skin.

Most baby lice and nits remedies only need a single application. The most effective in pediatric practice are drugs based on permethrin.

It is important to observe safety measures during treatment. Almost all products are toxic, they should not be allowed to get into the eyes and ears, into the mouth and on the mucous membranes of the baby.

Helminthic invasions

What exactly to treat with giardiasis, roundworms or pinworms, the doctor decides. Not all drugs that are effective in adolescence are suitable for toddlers and younger students. The most commonly prescribed drugs are Pirantel, Albendazole, Levamisole, and Piperazine.

Acne in adolescents

There is no cure for teenage acne, but it can be alleviated. To do this, parents must explain to the teenage child that acne cannot be squeezed out, it is also undesirable to treat them with alcohol or lotions.

They treat pubertal acne in a complex way, changing the child's diet, excluding fatty, fried, smoked and pickled foods, fast food from it. The skin affected by acne is lubricated twice a day with salicylic alcohol and one of the modern remedies in the form of a cream or ointment.

Zinc ointment, "Zinerit" are very effective. If acne is complicated by a purulent bacterial infection, antibiotic ointments are used - chloramphenicol, erythromycin.

Baby cream and other fatty creams should never be used on skin with acne.

Other effective drugs for teenage rashes on the face, back and chest are Baziron AS, Adapalen, Skinoren. In some cases, the doctor may advise hormonal ointments - "Advantan", "Triderm". This is true for deep and very severe rashes.

At the same time, vitamins A and E are prescribed in an oil solution or as part of vitamin-mineral complexes. It takes a very long time to treat pubertal acne. If all the recommendations of a dermatologist are followed, it sometimes takes from 2 to 6 months to achieve the effect.

Neonatal hormonal rash

Neonatal acne or a three-week rash does not need treatment. All skin rashes will disappear after the baby's hormones return to normal. This usually takes about a month or two. It is useful to wash the child with a decoction of chamomile, apply baby cream on pimples on the face and neck, sprinkle them with powder. Trying to squeeze out or burn with alcohol is strictly prohibited.

Prevention

Since the child's skin needs special care and protection, properly constructed hygiene and understanding of the approach to the treatment of dermatological ailments in children will be an excellent prevention of the appearance of a pathological rash.

A home microclimate, favorable for the health of the skin, will help to avoid 90% of skin problems. The air temperature should be no higher than 21 degrees Celsius, and the air humidity should be 50-70%. Such conditions will not allow the child's skin to dry out, crack, which means that there will be fewer prerequisites for the development of severe bacterial infections. It is especially important to observe this rule if there is a small child in the house.

All preventive vaccinations required for the child should be done in a timely manner. This will help protect him from dangerous infectious diseases - measles, diphtheria and a number of others. Vaccination is not a guarantee that the child will not fall ill with this infection at all, but it guarantees that in case of illness, the disease will proceed more easily and with fewer health consequences.

• When going to the sea, it is important to take care that the baby's skin is protected. To do this, you need to buy a sunscreen that is appropriate for your age and skin type. And in order to protect the baby from rotavirus, it makes sense to vaccinate against rotavirus infection in a paid clinic, which is not included in the list of mandatory ones.

Proper hygiene- the guarantee of the health of children's skin at any age. It is a mistake to wash your child rarely, but it is equally wrong to wash him too often. Soap for babies should be used no more than once every 4-5 days, it is better not to use shampoos for up to a year at all.

It is important for your child to choose care products that are designed specifically for childhood and are hypoallergenic. Antibacterial soap kills not only pathogenic bacteria, but also beneficial ones, and therefore its use without need is generally not justified.

Children's skin should not be exposed to hard washcloths, bath brushes, brooms. After bathing, the skin should not be wiped off, but blotted with a soft towel, this will keep the skin intact and sufficiently hydrated.

Washing the baby when changing the diaper it is necessary only under running water, and not in a basin or in a bathroom, in order to avoid the ingress of intestinal microbes on the skin, external genital organs and in the urinary tract. Girls are washed from the pubis to the anus.

When a rash appears you can not self-medicate.

In a house where children grow up should never be freely available chemicals, acids and alkalis, aggressive household cleaning products.

Small children should buy bed linen and clothes only from natural fabrics. Let them look more modest and discreet, but there will be no irritating effect on the skin of synthetic fabrics, seams and textile dyes, which are used to paint bright and alluring children's clothes.

For skin health in a child's diet, always there should be enough vitamins A and E. From childhood, you need to teach your son and daughter to eat fresh orange and red vegetables, greens, sea fish, lean meat, dairy products with a sufficient fat content, butter, oatmeal and buckwheat porridge.

From early childhood, the skin of a child should be protect from excessive exposure to strong wind, frost, direct sunlight. All these factors dry it out, dehydrate it, as a result, it becomes more vulnerable and susceptible to various infections.

No crusts, pustules and blisters on the baby's skin can not be mechanically removed and opened at home, far from sterility. Most of the cases with the addition of an infection to a seemingly harmless rash are associated precisely with the attempts of parents to rid the child of pimples or vesicles on their own.

Every parent has faced the problem of a rash in their child. It occurs unexpectedly, more often after waking up, and is localized not in one area, but quickly spreads throughout the body and causes serious concern for moms and dads.

Causes of the appearance of a rash on children's skin

Rash - the appearance on the mucous membrane and skin of changes that differ from the natural state of the skin, which have a peculiar color, accompanied by itching or irritation. It is a manifestation of any disease occurring in the body. The rash can be composed of primary and secondary elements. The former are characterized by a change in the normal state of the skin (for example, a blister, a spot), and the latter appear in place of the primary elements (for example, a scar after chickenpox).

Experts identify several causes of the rash:

1. A bite of an insect
2. Allergic reaction
3. Infection
4. Skin damage (invisible)
5. Sun rays intolerance - photodermatitis
6. Blood clotting problems
7. Improper hygiene

Allergic rash on the child's body

An allergy signals a problem in the child's immune system. Such a rash occurs after contact or ingestion of an allergen, which can be a completely safe product at a glance: nuts, milk, chocolate, animal wool, detergents, etc.

There are two types of allergic rash:

1. Contact - its appearance is associated with the child's touching of an object, a reaction to detergents. Often occurs as a reaction to chlorinated pool water and pet hair.
2. Food - the occurrence is associated with the ingestion of a product that is an allergen to the body.

An allergic rash appears quickly and quickly. In very young children, rashes appear first on the neck, cheeks, buttock. Over time, the skin becomes covered with bright red spots and becomes edematous. Small bubbles sometimes form. And the child becomes nervous, irritable and begins to be capricious.

Rashes caused by allergies are of several types:

• A plaque is a thickened formation.
• A papule is a tubercle that rises above the skin, without a cavity.
• A spot is a local change in skin color.
• Pastula is a primary element with a purulent content.
• A bladder is a cavity skin element with hemorrhagic and serous content.

Allergic rashes can be symptoms of the following most common diseases:

• Urticaria is a disease related to dermatitis, which is based on an allergic reaction. The rash is similar to a nettle burn. The rash can be chronic or acute. The reasons are most often a certain product, or a reaction to drugs.
• Atopic dermatitis is a chronic and allergic dermatitis. The rash is located under the knees, in the armpits, in the groin, on the face and neck. They have a seasonality, the disease is exacerbated in winter.
• Cold allergy is a reaction to low temperatures. The rash is accompanied by swelling and itching a lot
• Quincke's edema - often occurs as a reaction of the child's body to medications.

Any parent needs to understand a child's diet and assess their environment in order to identify an allergen.

Infectious rash

Unlike an allergic rash, an infectious rash has more symptoms, including: chills, fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea, cough, etc. The rash may be the first symptom, or it may appear on day 2 or 3.

An infectious rash is sometimes caused by a viral infection. The most common diseases are:

• Roseola - accompanied by an increase in temperature to 39 degrees, which lasts about 4 days, after the temperature, pink rashes appear on the body, first on the body, then on the whole body.
• Measles is an infection in which bright red spots appear on the body. First, the rash occurs on the face, upper chest, and only then spreads to the limbs and trunk.
• Chickenpox - before the appearance of a rash, a slight malaise, an increase in temperature is possible. Further, several red spots appear, and later even the scalp is covered with them. The spots are replaced by tubercles, and then - by bubbles. The final stage is the formation of crusts in place of the bubbles, which disappear. During chickenpox, the rash is itchy.
• Rubella - with a disease, a rash appears almost simultaneously throughout the body, the rash is pale pink specks of small sizes. With rubella, a child often has all the symptoms of acute respiratory infections. Lymph node enlargement is possible.

Bacteria can also cause an infectious rash. For example, scarlet fever, when it is prescribed antibacterial treatment, the rash usually goes away after 3 days. Rashes are also caused by fungi, for example, thrush in children in the mouth, which can be noticed by changes in the mucous membrane and spots under the nose.

Dangerous illness, often a symptom of a rash

A rash can be one of the symptoms of meningococcal infection, which is a very dangerous disease of a neuroinfectious type. An infection that spreads through the throat and nose of the child and causes meningitis is a disease causing illness. The disease begins with a sharp increase in body temperature to 39-40 degrees. A rash appears on the trunk and limbs, has a pink or bluish tint. After that, the head begins to hurt, the back of the head and photophobia develop. With this disease, headaches and confusion appear. The disease causes complications and, in some cases, leads to death.

If you see bluish star-shaped spots on the child's body, you should contact an infectious disease specialist. It is important not to engage in alternative treatment and to hospitalize the child in a timely manner in order to avoid disastrous consequences.

How to reduce itching and rashes on a child's body

It is important to remember that a rash is only a symptom that can be eliminated by curing the disease (with the exception of insect bites).

To help your child, follow these guidelines:

1. Do not dress your child in coarse clothing, it will only cause itching and irritation.
2. Give preference to cotton products.
3. Avoid the appearance of sweat, which is the cause of severe itching: ventilate the room, if contact with water is acceptable, bathe the child in water at a temperature of 34 degrees.
4. Use gels and ointments that relieve itching (only after consulting your doctor).

If you notice a rash in your child, there is no need to delay the visit to the doctor. The condition of children directly depends on the correct actions of the parents. Do not be afraid of a rash, in most cases it is a symptom of a harmless disease, but there are exceptions.

Various infectious lesions often lead to similar problems. In order to avoid possible complications, you should consult a doctor. The placement of the rash can vary. Any part of the body can fall into the zone of active rashes.

1.A rash in a child in the form of red dots most often provoked by allergic reactions. First of all, this is the diet, as well as clothes that fit the body. Often, the rash is expressed as oval or round dotted specks. Its rise above other parts of the body is not observed. The rash is only visible because of the color. The appearance of characteristic points occurs due to strong blood filling, they sometimes have edges and edges, and they can also be solid. The problem is divided into two main types:

• roseola - the specificity of this species is considered to be a small size from 3-30 mm;
• erythema - this subspecies is distinguished by its significant size, which starts from 3 cm.

They are located most often in the chest area and have a characteristic bright scarlet color.
2... Pimple-like rash- this is the main reaction to various internal or external environmental factors. They are caused by allergies as well as infectious diseases. This problem has different types and forms. It can be represented by pustules that rise above the level of the skin and create a rounded void. Their dimensions are quite large, about 1-1.5 mm in height. The main cause of the occurrence is considered to be an allergic reaction, accompanied by redness and itching. A similar rash in a child can also be associated with a hereditary factor. This disease is often passed from mother to child. Stress also often provokes a similar skin reaction.

Dermatologists divide pathology into 4 categories:

• Dry rashes- the formation of such redness occurs in the winter season, most often they are formed due to the compaction of the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Treatment is carried out with cosmetics that remove dead particles and moisturize the cover.
• Watery - their appearance can be caused by various reasons (consumption of poor-quality food, diathesis, use of bad cosmetics - creams, shampoos, foams, soaps). They are accompanied by severe itching. They are often symptoms of chickenpox, rubella, measles, scabies and dyshidrosis.
• Pustules - a similar rash in the form of acne in a child may initially look like small red dots, but after a few days, changes begin to form. Common spots fill with pus. A similar problem is often caused by streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. It is required to undergo a clinical analysis of blood and urine, and then consult a doctor. It is necessary to abandon sweets so as not to create an active environment for the reproduction of pathogens.
• Subcutaneous pimples - they occur due to clogging of the ducts with plugs that form from the sebaceous glands. Most often, this phenomenon goes away on its own, but if there are no changes, then it is still worth contacting a specialist.

3. Blistering rash- its manifestation can lead to a number of serious diseases.

• Pemphigus - it can be fatal. The defeat of the immune system begins to occur at the time of the body's struggle with healthy and strong cells.
• Dermatitis herpetiformis - considered an autoimmune disease. This ailment manifests itself in the form of blisters and blisters on the skin.

Such types of infectious rash in children can be of two forms: they occupy about 50% of the child's body or are formed on different parts of it. Often appear in a separate area and form only small itchy, rounded redness. Often arise from systemic, skin or infectious diseases, as well as allergic reactions. After healing, the bubble will disappear and leave no residue. To start therapy, it is required to identify the main cause and stage of the disease, for this it is imperative to go to a doctor for an examination.

4. Rash in the form of spots- represented by slight redness of various colors. The color will depend on the pigment of the skin. If melanin is present, the specks will be darker accordingly.

A similar type of skin rash in children is characteristic of such ailments as rubella, measles, scarlet fever, various diseases and skin tumors. The cause of the formation can be various pathogens. This type of rash tends to blend into large patches. The lesion is often exacerbated in the chest area. It should also be noted that pimples can appear due to contact, food and drug allergies.

Photo of the main elements of the rash

There are the following types of rash in a child:

Characteristic location

Various types of skin rashes in children have their own locations. The rash can be found on almost any part of the body, causing itching, irritation and even severe pain.

• a rash forms on the elbows and arms, wrists, forearms;
• can form on the legs, more often on the inside, the main reason for this is an allergic reaction to food, but there are also more serious cases;
• the rash affects the face, and the cheeks are considered the focal center;
• the body also undergoes this process, often rashes form in the chest area, and also in the scapular area.

Causes

The types of rash can be different, and the factor of their appearance is both the same and different, therefore, it is necessary to determine why it has arisen. For a child's body, such a phenomenon is considered normal, since it is a reaction to external factors. There are main reasons why different rashes can appear:

1. Allergic reaction is the most common factor and is most commonly caused by food, pollen, pet hair, cosmetics, clothing, medicines and insect bites. Treating types of allergic rashes in children is required under the supervision of a doctor, since an uncontrollable reaction can develop into Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock.
2... Severe stress- there are cases when the baby, due to intense experiences, becomes covered with significant spots. After the expiration of time, they disappear on their own.
3. Insect bites- even if the child does not have any type of allergy, a mosquito bite can leave unpleasant spots that itch a lot. Parents need time to notice the wound and properly treat it. Such a rash goes away on its own after some time. If uncharacteristic large spots after a bite were noticed in the baby, then there is an allergic reaction.
4. Mechanical damage- various types of rashes in a child without fever can form due to tight and tight clothing, while they go away on their own after a certain time.
5. Infectious diseases- Small spots on the body can indicate infection with rubella, chickenpox, scarlet fever, measles, and even meningitis.
6. Violation of blood clotting- the baby's skin begins to become covered with small bruises and bruises.
7. Allergy to sun or cold- This category is recommended to be considered separately, since the mechanism of such a reaction is significantly different from the standard reaction to cats or citrus fruits. This malaise can be attributed to seasonal problems.

When to call a doctor

Sometimes there may be little time to determine the type of rash in children, since the child may have a high fever, so a doctor should be called immediately. In addition, major hazards include severe shortness of breath, swelling of the tongue and face, incredible headache, drowsiness, loss of consciousness, and vomiting. In the case when the rash takes on a brown, maroon or black color, its elements are located as if deep in the skin and do not fade when pressed, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible.

Viral infections

The photos of the types of rashes in children that provoke viruses are different, and they can be viewed further. These pathologies include the following diseases.

1. Measles- with it, a small rash occurs, initially crimson-red in the mouth, and then throughout the body. Often there is such a phenomenon as the fusion of elements that create irregularly shaped foci of impact. With it, a strong temperature is observed. Very rarely, but still the disease can be quite severe and fatal. In the absence of vaccination, measles is very easily transmitted from person to person.
2. Rubella manifests itself as pink-red small spotty rashes that initially form on the head, and then are distributed over the baby's body. Complaints of sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, nasal congestion, fever, and chills may be present.
3. Chickenpox- spreads, as a rule, from top to bottom, initially on the scalp, and then observed on the chest, back and other areas. It manifests itself as bright red small specks, which later degenerate into bubbles, and then burst and dry out a little, forming crusts. If the case is neglected and severe, then scars may remain. It is accompanied by slight itching.
4. Herpes- manifests itself in the form of grouped blister rashes inside the mouth or on the lips, which linger for several weeks. It also happens that this virus penetrates into the nuclei of nerve cells, and the rash turns into a chronic stage.
5. Infectious mononucleosis - It is expressed in the form of densely located light red or pink spots with a diameter of 6-15 mm, with this ailment they most often become painful. And then the occipital and cervical lymph nodes also increase. Sore throat almost always occurs, sometimes severe weakness, migraine, cough and fatigue begin to bother.
6. Enteroviruses- appear as vesicular and are distributed throughout the body.
7. Roseola- these are pink spots that do not begin to appear immediately, but after the temperature is normalized. This usually occurs on the 4th-5th day. Most often, babies are affected from 6 months to 3 years.

Bacterial infections

A photo of the types of rashes in children who have a similar infection are presented below.

1. Scarlet fever- manifests itself in the form of minor millet-like rashes, with increased color in the folds of the skin. Everything is accompanied by a slight itching, and as the rash subsides, plastic peeling is formed. The disease is characterized by a pronounced change in the pharynx, a raspberry-red tongue and a sharp sore throat.
2. Meningococcal infection- quickly enough forms small "blots" of red-blue color, which resemble stars. There is always a high temperature.
3... Fungal lesions of the epidermis(trichophytosis, ringworm, dermatomycosis). A clear sign of presence is a ring-shaped formation that itches. Dandruff begins to form on the hair, possibly focal baldness.
4. Streptoderma- at the time of the disease, large blisters begin to appear, in which purulent contents are present, often with a yellowish-brown dry crust.

Allergic reactions

There are various types of rashes in children on the hands and all over the body, which are provoked by improper diet, natural ingredients or things, such diseases include the following ailments.

1. Hives- similar in appearance to nettle burns, manifests itself as protruding bright red or pale pink blisters that suddenly appear and also subside. With them, there is pronounced itching, extensive edema is possible.
2.Atopic dermatitis(diathesis, children's eczema, neurodermatitis) - this type of rash appears in children on the elbows, neck, face, and also occurs on the legs, under the knees. The epidermis turns red and begins to peel off, sometimes weeping crusts are also observed.

Other reasons

Very often, various rashes indicate malfunctions in the work of internal organs. This is:

• vascular ailments;
• changes in the work of the gastrointestinal tract;
• renal failure.

Infant acne- the problem occurs in the first year of life in breastfed babies. It is a consequence of the activity of the sebaceous glands, and the cause is an increase in the level of maternal hormones.

Milia (whiteheads) - look like tiny "pearls" and are formed more often in infants. They pass by themselves, since they have a physiological nature.

Toxic erythema of newborns are yellow blisters that can appear 2-5 days after birth. As a rule, no action is needed.

Scabies- It is expressed in pairs located points, most often in the interdigital places. There is severe itching, the source is mites that infect the skin.

Types of rash in children under one year old

In small children who are heavily wrapped or bathed incorrectly, you can often find prickly heat. It manifests itself as a scattering of small, non-pruritic blisters of a red hue, which are concentrated in the natural folds of the skin.

Against the background of a tendency to allergies and immunodeficiency, diaper rash is formed, which is an area with a bright red, moist and swollen surface. Often located in the folds of the neck, buttocks and groin.

Often, diaper rash turns into gluteal erythema - this is a concentration of bright red erosions and nodules.

Often, children's rash occurs due to an allergic factor, such ailments include urticaria and various dermatitis.

Toxic erythema, which forms in the first year of a child's life, is considered absolutely not dangerous. It is a mixed rash with papules and blisters. The rash will disappear on its own within a few weeks.

Pemphigus of a newborn is a rather dangerous disease caused by staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or streptococci. After slight redness, bubbles with a cloudy content begin to appear, which burst and form erosion. Often found on the thighs and around the navel.

Among the infectious diseases that cause the appearance of a rash, congenital syphilis can be distinguished, the main symptom of which is pemphigus syphilitic. In this case, the rashes are presented in the form of dense blisters filled with a transparent liquid, which becomes cloudy over time. Inflammation is very common on the trunk, face, and almost always on the palms and soles.

Urgent care

It is already known what types of rashes are in children, now you need to figure out what to do in order to help your baby.

When, in addition to redness, the following symptoms are present, you must immediately call a doctor:

• significant and sharp rise in temperature;
• the child has difficulty breathing;
• hemorrhagic stellate rash is present;
• the rash covers the whole body and causes significant itching;
• loss of consciousness and vomiting begins.

Prevention

In order to protect the baby from infection, you need to vaccinate him on time. In order not to get an allergic reaction, it is required to correctly introduce complementary foods and not to rush to new products. It is necessary to accustom your child to a healthy diet and temper. This will help to tune children's immunity in the right way and the child will not have such problems.

If a rash has been noticed on the body, do not panic and call the doctor right away. It is necessary to figure out whether the case is really critical or is it just a reaction caused by the eaten chocolate or an insect bite. For bathing, it is better to use decoctions of herbs, and buy clothes from cotton fabric. Dyes also often cause reactions in the body.

When a rubella or chickenpox epidemic begins in the kindergarten, it is recommended to leave the baby at home, since the disease very quickly passes from infected sources.

In the summer, it is imperative to ventilate the room, and then use a fumigator.

Do not allow children to squeeze pimples and open them. This often provokes the spread of infection.

Every parent is obliged to know the types of rashes and the causes of rashes in children in order to help the child in a timely manner.

If the baby's temperature rises, then you should definitely call a doctor.

Usually, a rash on a child's body causes a lot of anxiety for parents. Indeed, a frequent symptom of various infections, causing a lot of discomfort. However, timely treatment of skin rashes allows you to quickly forget about itching and burning.

A rash in a child can appear not only on the entire body, but also affect only one area. The number of acceptable diagnoses is reduced, and recovery is faster

On the head

The rash bothers babies in different parts of the body.

• On the back of the head, small dots of pink color most often indicate overheating and the development of prickly heat.
• Abundant blisters and blisters on the back of the head or cheeks indicate a scabies infection.
• Inflammation in the cheeks and on the beard indicates an allergy to food or medications.
• If a child's rash has formed on the eyelids, it means that the child has been selected the wrong hygiene products. If the rash on the eyelids is scaly or crusty, dermatitis is likely to develop.

Around the neck

On hands and wrists

In the abdomen

A rash on the abdomen in the form of red blisters occurs in newborns from toxic erythema, which passes on its own. The area of ​​the abdomen, and the area of ​​the hips, most often suffers from pemphigus. The disease begins with slight redness, blisters appear, and begin to burst. Similar symptoms are characteristic of exfoliating dermatitis.

When the bacterial microflora is disturbed, erysipelas appears in the abdomen. Do not forget about the permissible minor rash from allergies, prickly heat and infections such as chickenpox or scabies.

On the lower back

On the inside and outside of the thighs

A rash on the hips in a child usually appears from poor hygiene. Often, the baby simply sweats in his diapers, suffers from poor-quality clothing. As a result, prickly heat appears. Allergic reactions often provoke inflammation on the inner side of the thigh.

A rash on the thighs signals the presence of measles, rubella, chickenpox, or scarlet fever. In rare cases, rashes speak of diseases of the circulatory system.

In the groin area

A groin rash is the result of infrequent diaper changes or skin contact with dirty diapers. Red diaper rash appears on the skin, bacteria multiply in them. Prickly heat in the groin area in the form of pink spots often appears in the baby as a result of overheating in the sun. Sometimes candidiasis is the source of the rash. Finally, the baby can develop diaper allergies.

On the buttocks

A rash on the butt has a nature similar to the causes of groin irritation. A rare change of diapers, violation of hygiene rules lead to the occurrence of an inflammatory process. The area of ​​the priests can suffer from food allergies or diapers, prickly heat and diathesis.

On legs, knees and heels and may itch

A small rash on the legs usually appears as a result of dermatitis or allergies. If it itches and resembles mosquito bites, most likely the baby has really suffered from insects.

The cause of a rash on the legs can be an infection or injury to the skin. If your child has itchy heels, the rash is most likely caused by a fungus. An allergic reaction on the heels manifests itself as scaly patches that scratch and cause swelling of the feet. On the knee joints, a rash can appear with eczema, lichen and psoriasis.

On all parts of the body

Inflammation of the skin throughout the body is more likely to indicate infection. If the child is covered with a small rash, and it itches, it is probably the cause of an allergic reaction (see: allergic rash) of the body to a strong irritant. If there is no itching from the rash, these causes can be excluded. Most likely there is a problem with the metabolism or the work of internal organs.

When the rash all over the body is also colorless, most likely, the baby's sebaceous glands are working too actively. Avitaminosis and hormonal disruptions in the child's body can make themselves felt through rashes without color.

The nature of the rash

If you look closely at a toddler's rash, you will notice distinctive signs. Color, shape and structure.

Like nettles

A rash that resembles a nettle spot indicates a special type of allergy called hives. Pink blisters on the skin are very itchy and are accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Most often, urticaria is provoked by hot water, stress, strong physical exertion. The rash, however, resembles small blisters on the chest or neck.

Like a mosquito bite

If the rash resembles a mosquito bite, the baby is allergic to poor nutrition. In newborns, this reaction often indicates violations in the menu of a nursing mother. Mosquito bites - speak of the effect of any blood-sucking insects on the skin, for example, ticks or fleas.

In the form of spots

A patchy rash is a very common form of skin inflammation. Most often, the reason lies in the disease of the integuments themselves or in the presence of an infection. The size of the spots and their color play an important role. A blemish-like rash occurs with lichen, allergies, dermatitis, and eczema.

Rough to the touch

A rough rash is most commonly caused by eczema. In this case, the backs of the palms and the face are affected. The cause of rough rashes resembling sandpaper is sometimes keratosis, a form of allergy. Small pimples at the same time affect the back and side areas of the hands, but sometimes there is inflammation of the inner side of the thighs.

In the form of bubbles and blisters

A rash in the form of blisters appears on the baby's body as a result of urticaria (see: urticaria in children), prickly heat, pemphigus. Among infectious diseases, rashes with vesicles cause rubella and chickenpox.

Skin color

Flesh-colored masses on the skin are called papules. A rash of this color indicates eczema, psoriasis, or contact dermatitis. Sometimes a colorless rash is caused by hormonal changes in the child's body.

Redness with infections

Signs accompanying the rash often indicate the development of a serious illness in the baby.

With angina

Often, observing the primary signs of sore throat (fever and cough) in a baby, after a certain time, parents notice a rash on his body. Here, the development of an infectious disease is likely against the background of a weakened immunity. Sometimes redness appears due to tonsillitis. Do not forget that the baby often has an allergy to antibiotics during the treatment of angina.

With ARVI

The appearance of a rash in combination with the usual symptoms of SARS has similar causes. The child is able to have an intolerance to the components of drugs or an allergy to folk remedies. Most often, redness occurs after a course of antibiotics for ARVI.

From chickenpox

From chickenpox in babies, itchy spots appear, almost immediately becoming large blisters. The rash occurs on the palms, face, torso, and even in the mouth. The disease is accompanied by high fever and headaches. When the bubbles burst, the baby's skin becomes crusty.

The answer to the question of how long the rash will completely disappear depends on the timeliness of the treatment. Usually 3-5 days is enough.

With the development of measles

In the case of measles, the baby usually suffers from fever and large red spots that almost merge with each other. A measles rash appears first on the head and then spreads to the trunk and limbs. The first signs of measles resemble a common cold. This is a strong dry cough, sneezing and tears. Then the temperature rises. How many days does the rash disappear? As a rule, the skin is restored on the third day.

From infection with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever signals itself by the appearance of small dots on the 2nd day of illness. There are especially many small rashes in the elbow and knee folds, on the palms, in the folds of the skin. The speed of treatment usually does not affect how many days the redness disappears. The rash disappears on its own after 1-2 weeks.

With meningitis

A bright red or purple rash appears on the body of children with meningococcal infection. The disease affects the vessels of the skin, therefore, inflammations on the skin are formed in different forms. With meningitis, there are rashes on the mucous membranes, on the legs and arms, on the sides of the torso.

When to call a doctor

• The child develops a fever and the temperature rises to 40 degrees.
• The rash appears all over the body and unbearable itching occurs.
• Headache, vomiting and confusion begin in the baby.
• The rash looks like stellate hemorrhage.
• Swelling and difficulty breathing appear.

What absolutely must not be done

• Squeeze out pustules on your own.
• Rip off or burst bubbles.
• Scratching the rash.
• Apply brightly colored preparations to the skin (it will complicate the diagnosis).

In general, a rash is a symptom of many diseases. Sometimes it leads to serious problems, and sometimes it goes away on its own. In any case, it will not be superfluous to consult a doctor.

Prevention

1. Timely vaccinations can protect the child from infections (But remember, vaccinations are not always beneficial, everything is individual!). There are already vaccinations for meningitis and rashes on its basis. Check with your doctor for details.
2. The correct introduction of complementary foods can save a small child from allergic reactions. It is recommended to teach the child to a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition. This will not only prevent many diseases and strengthen the immune system, but also reduce the risk of an allergic rash.
3. If you suspect that your baby has an infection, immediately limit his contact with a potential source of infection.

Summing up

• Localization plays an important role in determining the cause of the rash. The areas of the body most in contact with clothing or diapers usually suffer from dermatitis and prickly heat. The baby's face is often covered with an allergy rash. A rash all over the body indicates the development of an infection or metabolic disorder in the body.
• Pay attention to the shape of the rash and its color. Small spots indicate allergic reactions, and large spots indicate infections. A colorless rash is not contagious, and a rough one indicates a disorder in the child's body.
• Monitor the general condition of the baby, because other symptoms allow you to accurately determine the factor causing redness of the skin. However, keep in mind that these diseases, like SARS and tonsillitis, very rarely cause a rash on their own. It is worth observing a child's daily routine, because the rash often appears after visiting the pool and similar public places.
• If a child's rash is accompanied by cough, vomiting and high fever, we are talking about an infectious disease. In this case, the whole body becomes covered with spots and itches. With proper treatment, rashes in children disappear after 3-5 days. Sometimes rash and vomiting are signs of dysbiosis.

1. If a rash is a cause of concern in a newborn baby, the range of causes is small. Often, pimples without pus appear on the neck and face of children 2 weeks after birth, disappearing by themselves. In children under one year old, a small rash is most often caused by prickly heat due to wearing diapers or tight clothing. Red and pink rashes in a small child are associated with allergies to new foods.
2. When a rash appears after the sun, they talk about the presence of photodermatosis in the baby. Sun allergies are accompanied by itching, skin redness, and boils. On the limbs, face and chest, the rash is usually rough. Crusts, scales, bubbles are formed.
3. Allergic reactions in the child's body can manifest themselves on a variety of stimuli. Often, after visiting the pool, a rash appears on the body of babies due to the abundance of chlorine in the water. It has already been said that rashes can form after a course of antibiotics for angina. When it comes to treating serious diseases such as leukemia, allergies appear in a month.
4. A small bright rash in children up to the third year of life can appear when new teeth are erupting. Here, rashes are accompanied by a slight fever and a weakening of the immune system due to the appearance of teeth. Most often, a teething rash is localized on the neck.
5. If the rash in babies is not persistent (appears and disappears), most likely there is contact with an irritant that causes allergies or dermatitis periodically. In addition, the rash disappears and appears again with the development of infectious diseases (measles and scarlet fever), urticaria.
6. To prevent a severe rash in a child, do not try to introduce new foods into his diet too quickly. If your baby shows signs of allergies after the pool, choose another facility where the water is not treated with chlorine.

Rash! With or without fever, small and large, itchy and not very, "bubbles"; or "plaques" - she always scares parents equally, because sometimes it is not easy to find the cause of "rashes". Suddenly covered with red spots, the child himself resembles a revived monster, and turns the life of the parents into a horror movie. No need to be afraid, you need to be treated!

Chickenpox, or chickenpox

Pathogen: varicella-zoster virus (VZV).

Transfer method: airborne. It is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person when talking, coughing, sneezing.

Chickenpox Immunity: life. It is produced either as a result of an illness or after vaccination. In children whose mothers had chickenpox or were vaccinated against it, immunity to chickenpox is transmitted from the mother in utero and persists for the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: from 10 to 23 days.

Contagious period: the entire period of the rash +5 days after the last rash.

Manifestations: red dots appear at the same time as the temperature rises. However, sometimes the temperature can remain normal or rise slightly. The spots very quickly turn into single vesicle vesicles filled with a clear yellowish liquid. Soon they dry out and become crusted. A distinctive feature of chickenpox is a rash on the head under the hair and on mucous membranes (in the mouth on the eyelid, etc.). It is very common for this rash to itch.

Treatment: chickenpox goes away on its own, so treatment can only be symptomatic: bring down the temperature, treat the itchy rash with brilliant green (so that, while combing the bubbles, the child does not bring in an additional infection there), give an antihistamine so that itching less. You can swim with chickenpox! But at the same time, you cannot rub the affected areas - instead, you need to gently blot them with a towel.

Important: it is also necessary to use brilliant green or other dyes (fukortsin, etc.) in order not to miss the next rashes, because only old spots will be smeared. It is also easier to track the appearance of the last focus of the rash.

Herpes simplex

Pathogen: simple virus. There are two types: herpes simplex virus type I causes a rash in the mouth, type II - in the genital area and anus.

Transfer method: airborne and contact (kisses, common household items, etc.).

Immunity: is not produced, the disease proceeds with periodic exacerbations against the background of stress or other infections (ARVI, etc.).

Incubation period: 4-6 days.

Contagious period: all the time the rashes.

Manifestations: a few days before the rash appears, itching and soreness may occur. Then a group of closely spaced bubbles will appear in this place. The temperature rarely rises.

Treatment: special antiviral ointments, for example with acyclovir, etc.

Important: use the ointment immediately after the onset of itching and soreness, even before the appearance of bubbles. In this case, the rash may not occur at all.

Hand-foot-mouth syndrome

(from the English name Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease, HFMD), or enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthema.

Pathogen: enteroviruses.

Transfer method: fecal-oral and airborne. The virus is transmitted from person to person through communication, conversation, the use of common household items (dishes, toys, bed, etc.).

Immunity:

Incubation period: from 2 days to 3 weeks, on average - about 7 days. Contagious period: from the onset of the disease.

Manifestations: first, the temperature rises and stomatitis begins: rashes on the oral mucosa, pain when eating, profuse salivation. The temperature lasts 3-5 days, often diarrhea is noted against its background, in some cases a runny nose and cough appear. On the second or third day of illness, a rash appears in the form of single blisters or small specks. The name of the disease comes from the location of the rash: it is located on the hands, feet and around the mouth. The rash lasts 3-7 days, after which it disappears without a trace.

Treatment: there is no specific treatment, symptomatic agents are used to lower the temperature and relieve pain in stomatitis. The disease goes away on its own, complications are possible only in the case of a bacterial or fungal infection in the oral cavity.

It is not easy to diagnose enteroviral vesicular stomatitis because of the The rash does not appear immediately and is very often regarded as a manifestation of an allergy.

Important: despite the active use of various painkillers in the treatment of stomatitis, the first few days for a child can be very painful to eat. In such cases, it is good to use the most liquid food (milk, dairy products, milkshakes, baby food for babies, soups, etc.) and give it through a straw. Be sure to keep an eye on the temperature of the food: it should be neither cold nor too hot - only warm.

Roseola

(sudden exanthema, sixth illness)

Pathogen: another representative of the glorious herpesvirus family is the herpesvirus type 6.

Transfer method: airborne. The infection spreads through talking, chatting, sneezing, etc.

Immunity: after an illness - lifelong. Children under 4 months of age have immunity received in utero from their mother. Incubation period: 3-7 days.

Contagious period: all the time of the disease.

Manifestations: a sudden rise in temperature and after 3-5 days its spontaneous decrease. Simultaneously with the normalization of the temperature, a pink, small and medium-sized rash appears. It is located mainly on the body and, as a rule, does not cause itching. It passes on its own after 5 days.

Treatment: only symptomatic therapy - drinking plenty of fluids, lowering the temperature, etc.

The herpes virus is exacerbated by stress or infections, such as SARS.

The disease goes away on its own, there are practically no complications.

Roseola is often called pseudo-rubella, because the skin manifestations of these diseases are very similar. A distinctive feature of roseola is the appearance of rashes after a drop in temperature.

Important: as in the case of enteroviral stomatitis, a rash that does not appear on the first day of illness is often regarded as allergic.Sometimes it is really difficult to distinguish them, but an allergic rash, as a rule, itches quite a lot, with roseola there should be no itching.

Rubella

Pathogen: rubella virus

Transfer method: airborne. The virus is transmitted through communication, coughing, talking.

Immunity: life. Produced either or after vaccination. Children whose mothers were sick with rubella or were vaccinated against rubella, the immunity to rubella is transmitted in utero and lasts the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: from 11 to 24 days.

Contagious period: from the 7th day from infection to the complete disappearance of the rash + 4 more days.

Manifestations: the temperature rises. A small, pale pink, non-itchy rash appears on the face, limbs, trunk, and at the same time the posterior cervical lymph nodes enlarge. The temperature lasts no more than 2-3 days, and the rash disappears on the 2-7th day from the onset.

Treatment: only symptomatic therapy: drinking plenty of fluids, lowering the temperature if necessary, etc. Children tolerate the disease easily, but adults often have complications. Rubella is especially dangerous in the first trimester of pregnancy: the virus crosses the placenta and causes congenital rubella in the child, as a result of which the newborn may have deafness, cataracts, or. Therefore, all, especially girls, are strongly advised to take a course of vaccination against this disease.

Measles

Pathogen: measles virus (Polinosa morbillarum)

Transfer method: airborne. An unusually contagious and very volatile measles virus can not only be transmitted through direct contact with a sick person, but also, for example, spread through ventilation pipes, infecting people in neighboring apartments.

Immunity: life. It is produced either after illness or after vaccination. Children whose mothers have had measles or were vaccinated against it, immunity to measles is transmitted in utero and lasts the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: 9-21 days.

Contagious period: From the last two days of the incubation period to the 5th day of the rash /

Manifestations: fever, cough, hoarseness,. On the 3-5th day of illness, bright, large sometimes merging spots appear on the face, while the temperature remains. On the 2nd day, the rash appears on the trunk, on the 3rd day - on the limbs. Approximately on the fourth day after the onset of the rash, they begin to fade in the same order as they appeared.

Treatment: symptomatic therapy: drinking plenty of fluids, darkened room (because conjunctivitis is accompanied by photophobia), antipyretic. Children under 6 are prescribed antibiotics to prevent bacterial infections. Thanks to vaccination, measles is now a fairly rare disease.

Infectious erytherma, or the fifth disease

Pathogen: parvovirus B19

Transfer method: airborne. Most often, the infection occurs in children in organized children's groups - nurseries, kindergartens and schools.

Immunity: after an illness - lifelong.

Incubation period: 6-14 days.

Contagious period: incubation period + the entire period of the disease.

Manifestations: it all starts like a regular ARVI. Within 7-10 days, the child feels some discomfort (sore throat, a slight runny nose, headache), but as soon as he "recovers", as against the background of complete health, without any rise in temperature, a red, merging rash appears on the cheeks, most reminiscent of slap mark. At the same time, or after a few days, rashes appear on the trunk and limbs, which form "garlands" on the skin, but do not itch. The red color of the rash quickly changes to a bluish red. Over the next two to three weeks, the temperature remains low, and the rash appears and disappears, depending on physical activity, air temperature, contact with water, etc.

Treatment: there is no specific treatment, only symptomatic therapy. The disease goes away on its own, complications are extremely rare.

Scarlet fever

Pathogen: group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.

Transfer method: airborne. The pathogen is transmitted by talking, coughing, using common household items (dishes, toys, etc.).

Immunity: after an illness - lifelong.

Incubation period: 1-7 days.

Contagious period: first few days of illness.

Manifestations: the disease begins in the same way as the usual sore throat (sore throat, fever). The rashes characteristic of scarlet fever appear on the 1-3rd day from the onset of the disease. The rash is small, bright pink, located mainly on the cheeks, in the groin and on the sides of the body and disappears after 3-7 days. The nasolabial triangle remains pale and free of rashes - a hallmark of scarlet fever. After the rash disappears on the palms and feet, the skin begins to actively peel off.

Treatment: only broad-spectrum antibiotics. It is very important to start treatment as early as possible because can provoke the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, autoimmune brain damage.

Sometimes the disease proceeds in a worn-out form, without a pronounced increase in temperature, inflammation in the throat and a rash. In such cases, parents only notice the sudden onset of peeling on the palms. If this happens, it is imperative to consult a doctor.

Important: since scarlet fever can provoke the development of serious autoimmune diseases, doctors recommend doing blood and urine tests for early diagnosis of possible complications. The first time they are taken during illness, and then repeated two weeks after recovery, then it is recommended to do an electrocardiogram.

Educational program
The incubation period is the period when the infection has already occurred, but the disease has not yet developed.
The contagious period is the time when a sick person can infect others.
It is customary to distinguish six "primary" diseases with a rash: the first disease is measles, the second disease is scarlet fever, the third disease is rubella, the fourth disease is infectious mononucleosis, the fifth disease is infectious erythema, the sixth disease is childhood 04.24.2010 14:45:00, irra