What is the name of eye disease in children. Types of eye diseases in children

Children in recent times suffer from serious illnesses. Pathologies that cannot be prevented are especially often manifested. Visual impairment leads to serious illnesses... The article will tell you which eye diseases in children (photos and names are attached) are the most common.

Basically, newborns and preschoolers are at risk. Why? Babies may have developmental delays. Some preschoolers are unable to prepare for educational process... Older children may have reduced academic performance and self-esteem. They refuse to attend sports activities and choose a profession that is not to their liking. In the presence of correct diagnosis many ailments are treatable. We will talk about the name of eye diseases in children of an infectious and viral adventure below.

Causes

Eye diseases in children occur against the background of certain factors:

• Congenital diseases: the presence of a genetic predisposition during the development of the eyes, infections that develop in the womb, lack of vitamins, negative environment.
• Factors affecting vision: inflammation of the fundus, allergic reactions to a specific irritant, eye infections, previous burns or injuries, heavy loads on the visual apparatus, dark room lighting, or regular computer activities.

To eliminate visual impairment, consultation with an experienced ophthalmologist is necessary. The specialist identifies the type of disease and prescribes a specific treatment. Eye diseases can lead to serious complications. The child is threatened with severe headaches, impaired visual functions, pathological enlargement of the fundus. As a result, the child may lose sight.

It is worth highlighting chalazion - an eye disease in a child, which is characterized by the appearance of a benign growth. Its causes are blockage of the duct and the presence of infectious diseases.

Symptoms

Baby eye diseases characterized by certain symptoms. The appearance of itching, swelling, white discharge from the eye area indicates initial manifestations conjunctivitis. A similar disease often occurs in newborn babies. There are types of conjunctivitis that differ from each other in certain symptoms. The allergic process is formed against the background of external stimuli. Allergens in this case are dust, plants and chemicals.

Viral inflammations are characterized by redness eyeball, swelling, regular tearing. The virus provokes infections of various origins... Bacterial conjunctivitis occurs when microbes enter the tissue that covers the eye area. As a result, children experience purulent discharge and redness. Babies show white discharge on the eyelashes, redness of the eyes, and swelling of the eyelids. The inflammation is caused by bacteria or various mechanical damage... Regular tearing profuse discharge may indicate the presence of inflammation of the sac of the inner eye.

Myopia

Specialists often encounter myopia in childhood... Usually, children are born with this pathology. Especially if close people suffer from this disease. As a result, the child acquires a similar illness. Symptoms appear at any time. Especially often, diseases are detected during the period schooling... At this time, healthy children are prone to the appearance of false myopia. Absence preventive measures and correct treatment can lead to the formation of a serious pathology. If the child cannot detect objects at a distant distance, then this indicates the appearance of childhood myopia.

Many children do not realize that they have vision problems. The main symptom is squinting the eyes when approaching a certain object closely. Regular symptoms can only be seen in general education settings. Children constantly complain about headache, discomfort and severe fatigue. It is especially difficult for them to focus on a specific subject.

Visual functions in childhood develop up to 8 years. It is during this period that it is important to detect violations of the visual apparatus. These include myopia and hyperopia. You should choose certain glasses that can stop the progression of the disease. Otherwise, such visual impairment will lead to loss of vision. Children in preschool age should be examined regularly by an ophthalmologist. During the examination, the specialist will record a decrease in vision, conduct special research and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Strabismus

Strabismus is a congenital eye disease in children, a change in the position of the eyes. The visual axes diverge on a specific object. In appearance, it is noticeable that the eye deviates incorrectly in a specific direction. Strabismus is serious problem for many children. Is instantly broken visual perception child. Pathology is often observed in early childhood. The presence of a disease in infancy indicates a congenital pathology. The onset of the disease in preschool age speaks of the factors that led to the onset of this disease. In babies, strabismus is formed up to 4 years old. Violation of the visual axis is considered as strabismus only.

Often the disease develops against the background of the baby's farsightedness. During this period, he poorly recognizes objects that are near him. Violation of the retina leads to the appearance of this pathology. In children, images are distorted, and the picture is vague. With strabismus, visual acuity decreases. Complications caused by a violation visual system... The transmission of information to the brain, which is memorized by the disturbed eye, is blocked. This condition causes mental deviation and the squint increases.

Amblyopia

Amblyopia is a congenital eye disorder in children characterized by a disorder of one eye. Basically, it develops against the background of a brain shutdown or suppression of vision in one eye. It manifests itself in chronic strabismus or in the presence of myopia, hyperopia. Immediately blocks vision in one eye. About 6% of children suffer from this disease. Treatment is always successful before the age of 6. At an older age, there is little chance of restoration of vision. To fully identify the disease, you must go through full diagnostics.

Childhood eye infections

Blepharitis is a serious inflammation that affects the upper and lower eyelids. The reasons are long-term exposure chemicals on the eye area. Simple form the disease is redness of the eyelids that do not disturb the tissues of the fundus. Inflammatory processes are accompanied by minimal swelling. The eyelids at this moment begin to blink strongly. Movement causes purulent discharge from the eyes. characterized by profuse swelling and severe redness around the eyelids. Grayish scales appear on the eyelids that look like dandruff. When neoplasms are removed, the skin begins to bleed slightly. The patient experiences severe itching in the area of ​​the eyelids. Appear pain in the fundus and when blinking.

The ulcerative form of the disease is a serious illness. The condition of children during this period is deteriorating. The main symptom is dried pus on the eyelashes. Crusts form that stick together the eyelashes. It is impossible to delete them. When touching the skin, pain is felt. After removing the crusts, minor ulcers remain. With the right treatment, healing is slow. The restoration is only partially taking place. During this period, the eyelashes stop active growth and fall out.

Inflammation of the optic canal

Disease of the optic nerve is a serious inflammatory process that occurs within the ophthalmic region of the optic canal. The main reason is the penetration of infections into the organs of vision caused by meningitis, sinusitis or chronic otitis media... In rare cases, inflammation develops on the basis of allergic reactions or chemical poisoning. The severity of patients is characterized by the reasons that influenced the appearance of this pathology. Usually, potent toxins attack the optic nerve immediately. The consequences in this situation are irreversible. Infectious processes develop over three days.

The main signs of the inflammatory process of the optic nerve is a decrease in vision for no particular reason. The perception of colors is impaired. When examining the optic canal, changes in the optic nerve, edema, blurred outlines, swelling of the optic arteries are observed. With advanced inflammation, the disease progresses instantly. Abundant edema builds up in the optic nerve. After a while, there is a combination with all tissues. In rare cases, minor retinal hemorrhage and clouding of the eyeball are diagnosed. In the presence of a mild form of inflammation, vision is fully restored. Procedures that increase immunity are regularly carried out. Treatment is based on antibiotics.

Purulent infections

Viral eye diseases in children are caused by pathogenic microorganisms. They penetrate the fundus and multiply. In rare cases, an injury to the eye is the cause. There are several types this disease... Iridocyclitis appears within 2 days of an eye injury. It is impossible to touch the eye due to severe pain. The iridescent part has a grayish tint, and the pupil becomes gray. Endophthalmitis is a severe form of the disease that occurs with serious inflammatory processes in the eye area. Pain syndrome is felt even in calm state... Examination reveals dilated vessels, yellow fundus.

A purulent complication has a special concept - panophthalmitis. It only occurs on rare occasions. With proper antibiotic treatment this disease can be prevented. To prevent loss of vision, you need to seek the help of a specialist. This type of disease spreads to the entire fundus. Appears sharp pain, there is swelling of the eyelids, the mucous membrane has profuse redness and noticeably swells. Pus accumulates throughout the mucous membrane. The skin around the eyes turns red. Painful sensations are intense. With a severe form of the disease, it is necessary surgical intervention... With a positively performed operation, vision is not fully restored.

Diagnostics

An eye disease in a child is determined by a doctor only after a complete diagnosis. At the first examination, all information about the patient is collected. Carry out complex inspection fundus using specialized equipment. To establish an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination. The intraocular pressure is carefully checked. A slit lamp is used to examine the cornea, iris, vitreous humor, and anterior chamber of the eye. Examine the corneal tissue using a microscope. The sensitivity of the retina to light is examined. Study choroid eyes due intravenous administration special medicine. The state of the optic nerve disk is scanned with a laser.

Treatment

Treatment depends on what kind of eye diseases the child has. Medicines it is not recommended to purchase it yourself. Only a qualified doctor can prescribe them. The specialist selects funds taking into account important factors. He reveals general symptoms the patient, his age and the presence of diseases in the body. In addition to the main drugs, drugs are additionally prescribed that prevent the disturbance of the intestinal microflora and preserve the natural mucous membrane of the stomach.

Many parents stop giving medication to their child after the symptoms in the eye area have cleared. Doing so is not recommended. Bacteria are not destroyed during this period. After taking the medicine, they calm down for certain time... You should drink the full course of antibiotics prescribed by the doctor. Many antibiotics cause allergic reactions. When using any drug, you need to monitor your well-being.

The human body is fragile and balanced. The slightest violation can lead to serious consequences. Treatment of eye diseases in children with antibiotics can negatively affect internal organs person. Antibiotics have particular benefits in treating eye diseases. Preparations can be for internal and external use. Potent substances are found in ointments, gels, lotions, and creams. They deduce in a few days purulent inflammation and infections of various origins. They have a serious effect on the body. Allows you to get rid of viral diseases and infections.

For the treatment of eye diseases in premature babies, special therapy is prescribed. It includes processing skin outside and the use of antibacterial agents inside. "Doxycycline" is an antibiotic of the tetracycline group. It actively fights against unwanted microorganisms. The tablets should be taken after eating. You need to drink the medicine with a huge amount of water. You can take no more than 50 mg of the drug per day. The course of treatment is 1.5 to 3 months.

"Penicillin" copes well with different kinds diseases. Available in the form of tablets, solution and pills. The medicine has bactericidal action, eliminates inflammatory processes, removes the formed pus from the skin surface. The dosage is selected individually, taking into account general condition the patient. The interval between taking the tablets should be 8 hours.

Ospamox is a popular antibiotic for treating eye diseases in newborns that fights infections and inflammation in the body. It is used to eliminate inflammatory processes in the fundus. The drug heals infectious diseases mucous membrane of the skin. Most children tolerate it calmly and without complications. In some cases, it can cause allergic reactions, a violation of the intestinal microflora and sudden emotional irritation. It all depends on the individual intolerance to a particular component. All medications should be taken as prescribed by your doctor. Otherwise, irreversible reactions may occur.

Prevention

In order to prevent eye diseases in a child, the following measures are taken:

• In order to preserve the child's good eyesight, at school, several times a year, he should be transplanted to different desks so that his eyes do not get used to looking at the board from only one angle.
• The optimal time for playing on a PC or tablet, as well as watching TV without harming the child's visual apparatus is an hour and a half a day, and for preschool children - 30 minutes.
• Parents also need to be concerned about their baby's leading active image life and was engaged in instructive sports.
• It is imperative to include foods rich in vitamins necessary for vision in the child's diet.

Man is endowed with five basic senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.

Vision is one of the most important functions of the body. Seeing well, many people do not think about how pleasant and important it is to admire the world around them. The organs of vision are given to us in order to cognize the world of color, volumetric, stereoscopic. If the visual system fails, then the person does not receive additional information from the outside world or receives it in a distorted form. Such changes in the body of children are especially dangerous. Eye ailments do not allow the child to develop fully.

Vision problems often result in increased fatigue child, excessive excitability, frequent irritability, anxiety and other negative symptoms.

Prevent deterioration of the eyesight of children, take in time necessary measures to eliminate visual ailments - the task of parents.

Myopia (nearsightedness)

Myopia in children is one of the most common eye diseases. With myopia, a person sees well near objects and poorly at a distance. Signs of myopia are obvious: the child squints when he needs to see something at a distant distance, while watching TV he tries to sit closer, while reading he brings the book close to his eyes. Due to constant stress, headaches can begin, and rapid fatigability occurs.

Most often, myopia is diagnosed at the age of 9-12 years. It can get worse during adolescence.

If myopia is detected, the ophthalmologist prescribes vision correction - glasses or lenses. Can be assigned drug treatment - eye drops strengthening vitamins. It is advisable to do eye exercises. With a high degree of myopia, surgery may be required.

Hyperopia (farsightedness)

With this disease, the child has poor vision of nearby objects. However, objects in the distance are also not very clearly visible. It all depends on the degree of hyperopia. The child, experiencing such discomfort, tries to unconsciously move away from the object or move it away in order to better see it.

Hyperopia symptoms can also include headaches, fatigue, nausea, which are the result of regular tension of the visual system.

Treatment similar to myopia - corrective lenses or glasses, eye gymnastics, surgery.

Astigmatism

With astigmatism, the shape of the cornea is distorted - it resembles the surface of a melon (in normal condition it has the shape of a sphere). Light rays, which form an image of an object, when passing through an irregular cornea, are refracted in different ways. The result - the image is blurry, not clear.

Astigmatism is often accompanied by myopia or hyperopia. The disease is corrected with special spectacle or contact lenses or surgically.

Strabismus

An ailment called strabismus is called strabismus or heterotropy in medicine. Normal condition visual axes - parallel. In this case, both eyes look at the same point. With strabismus, the axis of one or both eyes may be displaced. Treatment of the disease: hardware, performing special exercises or surgical intervention. If not provided timely treatment the child may have serious visual impairment.

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye that can be caused by an allergy, bacterial or viral infection... Often this disease is accompanied by blepharitis and keratitis. Signs:

• Swelling of the eyelids;
• Clear or purulent discharge;
• Itching, burning;
• Expansion of the vessels of the eyes.

Depending on the etiology of the disease, antiviral or antibacterial agents: gels, ointments, drops. If the ailment is caused by an allergy, then the treatment includes and antihistamines.

Obstruction of the lacrimal passages

The visual system has a special organ - the lacrimal sac, whose function is to accumulate tears. It is located between the nose and the inner corner. eye lids. Tears are a natural antiseptic and protective mechanism for the eyes. During normal functioning, excess fluid flows through the nasolacrimal duct into the nasal cavity, and then goes out. If the lumen of the nasolacrimal duct is impaired, then outflow does not occur, which provokes inflammation due to pathogenic bacteria... Treatment is prescribed depending on the causes of the blockage of the ducts and the form of the disease - acute or chronic.

Damage to the cornea of ​​the eye

It's pretty frequent illness in children, resulting from the ingress of foreign bodies into the eyes - grains of sand, sawdust, dust, etc. Children rub their eyes, complain of pain, blurred vision. When an infection is attached (which is often), clear or purulent discharge appears. Treatment is prescribed taking into account the degree of damage. It includes washing with special solutions, instilling the eyes, placing antibacterial gels or ointments under the eyelids.

Inflammation of the iris

This disease is called iritis in medicine. It occurs due to trauma to the eyeball, infectious diseases, infection of the organs of vision.

Signs:

• Redness of the sclera;
• Hemorrhage in the iris;
• The blur of the iris pattern.

Treatment methods are prescribed depending on the cause of the disease. The process should take place under the supervision of an ophthalmologist.

Retinopathy

This is a disease of premature babies. Signs: underdevelopment of the retina, violation of its blood supply. As a result, pathological vessels are formed in the fundus. Hemorrhage, film formation is possible, which can lead to retinal detachment, loss of vision.

Spasm of accommodation

This eye ailment is also called "false myopia". It is a consequence of a spasm of the ciliary muscle. The reason for this may be psychological stress in the child. Treatment should be carried out by two specialists - an ophthalmologist and a psychotherapist.

A more common disease is PINA (habitually excessive tension of accommodation). The eyes of children for the most part in modern realities work at close distances - mobile phones, tablets, laptops. To ensure binocular vision (the ability to see with two eyes at the same time), the rectus muscles of the eyes feel a fair amount of tension. When looking into the distance, tension is transmitted to the ciliary muscle. She does not relax, even in the absence of stress. In this case, PINA arises. It can lead to the development of myopia.

Treatment - individual optical correction, drops, visual gymnastics, vision hygiene.

Diagnosed eye diseases in children able to delay the development of the baby, slow down the preparation for school. Poor vision of a student negatively affects his academic performance.

On early stage most diseases respond positively to treatment, because the visual system of babies is plastic, has sufficient reserves, as it passes the stage of formation.

Common eye diseases in children

The baby receives some eye diseases by inheritance, there are also congenital pathologies, others appear due to the inflammatory process in the body. Most frequent eye diseases in newborns are:

• Congenital cataract. It is detected by the grayish glare of the pupil. In this case, the cloudiness of the lens prevents light from entering the eye. Children's vision develops incompletely, the lens must be removed (replaced by an artificial one).

• Congenital glaucoma. It is manifested by increased intraocular pressure, formed as a result of a violation of the process of development of passages for the outflow of aqueous humor.
• Strabismus. In infants, the development of the nerves of the oculomotor muscles is not completed, therefore, the deviation of the eye may periodically be observed. However, when the deviations are strong and regular, it is worth visiting a doctor.
• Nystagmus. It is characterized by involuntary eye movement. This deviation does not allow to fix the gaze, to form clear vision.
• Ptosis. Expressed in omission century ... The main reasons are underdevelopment of the eyelid muscle, damage to its nerve. Correcting in age three to seven years by performing surgical treatment.

• Retinopathy premature... The full growth of retinal vessels stops. The development of fibrous tissue is observed. Accordingly, the retina is scarred, exfoliated, and blindness may occur. Surgical, laser treatment is used.

For preschoolers, the following are characteristicdiseases:

• Strabismus. External manifestation - deviation of the eye. It is the result of disturbances in the perception of visual information, conducting it through the visual system. There is a decrease in visual acuity, a violation of the connection between the eyes. The ability of volumetric perception is lost. Treatment is strictly individual.

• Amblyopia. The child uses one eye less often than the other. Cause: deviation of the eye to the side, blurred vision. Treatment involves training the affected eye.

• Hyperopia. It is more often diagnosed in children from three to six years old. When hyperopia reaches 3.5 diopters and above, glasses are prescribed.
• Astigmatism. Common cause poor eyesight... There is a distortion of the image of objects as a result of a violation of the sphericity of the lens, cornea. Corrected with glasses.
• Macular dystrophy. Disease of hereditary predisposition. Develops slowly, can lead to complete blindness. Examination inside the eyeball reveals yellow , brown spots. The late stage is characterized by the formation of a focus of atrophy, the optic nerve stops functioning.

Schoolchildren are more likely to suffer from following violations view:

• Accommodation disorder. It is characterized by the loss of the eye's ability to clearly perceive objects at a distance. The reason is a malfunction of the ciliary muscle, a decrease in the elasticity of the lens. Often violated in adolescents focusing eyes for a long time at close range. This condition is known as title false myopia. It is removed with special drops, gymnastics.
• Usually occurs in the period of 8-14 years due to heavy load on the ciliary body, iris, intensive eye growth. Corrected with minus lenses.

• Lack of convergence. This is a violation of binocular function, namely, the ability to keep the eyes on a specific object at close range. Due to the deviation of the eye, double vision is obtained. Exotropy appears spontaneously, at the moment of tension. This disease provokes a headache, does not allow you to concentrate.
• Binocular vision disorder. It is binocular (with both eyes) vision, which is fully formed by the age of twelve, to obtain a single full-fledged image of an object. Among the causes of its violation, damage to the muscles of the eye is noted, sometimes general diseases.
• Destruction of the vitreousbody. Spherical shape gives the eye a vitreous body that fills it from the inside. The clouded fibers of this body cause apparent dots, "flies" that move during eye movement. The disease is determined using ophthalmoscopy.

Frequent pathologies

The result of pathologies is visual impairment, its decrease. Congenital gross anomaliesorganvision are detected even in the hospital during examination, it can be:

• absence of an eye, change in its size;
• absence, underdevelopment of the eyelids;
• reduction of the eyeball;
• underdevelopment of the palpebral fissure.

According to statistics, there is one case of congenital glaucoma for every 10 thousand newborns. A common pathology also includes congenital cataract, which accounts for up to 60% of all pathologies in newborns.

During the period of development, such deviations as myopia, hyperopia often occur.

A certain place is given to injuries. The following damages are distinguished:

• thermal - the ingress of boiling water, hot oil;
• mechanical (superficial, penetrating);
• beam (exposure to infrared, ultraviolet radiation);
• chemical (burns with alkali, acid).

Taking into account the alleged disease, clinical and laboratory tests are carried out. Sometimes it is necessary X-ray examination skull, sinuses. There are cases that require the advice of other specialists, such as a neurologist.

Highlighting causes of eye disease in children, indicate:

• heredity;
• congenital diseases such as volvulus of the eyelids;
• eye strain;
• allergic diseases;
• different types of injury.

Frequent cases when diagnosedinfectious eye diseases in children, provoked pathogenic microorganisms... Among them:

• Conjunctivitis. Emergence inflammation of the mucous membrane is provoked by bacteria, some viruses, fungi (much less often). Sometimes allergic conjunctivitis. The reason the development of the disease can become: banal hypothermia, colds, often decreased immunity, dirty hands. The disease is dangerous with complications in the form of corneal opacity, and then a decrease in vision. In weakened babies, the infection can provoke meningitis or otitis media.
• Blepharitis it inflammation the ciliary edges of the eyelids, which are provoked by bacteria, viruses, and also fungi. There is blepharitis allergic origin... The risk of developing an inflammatory process increases: improperly organized hygienic care, a significant weakening of the immune system, the usual hypothermia.
• Barley. Is inflammation hair follicle for a century. Provoked Staphylococcus aureus... Often signals a decrease in the child's immunity, endocrine disorders, the presence chronic diseases, helminthic invasion.

Reasons provokinginflammatory eye diseases in childrenare few and well known. Allocate:

• infectious inflammation;
• traumatic injury;
• exposure to aggressive substances (alkalis, acids).

It is worth distinguishing between true inflammation and simple redness, for example, from smoke, wind, bright light, which will pass on its own.

Parents should be careful about this issue and periodically for prophylactic purposes Most diseases tend to progress rapidly, and with certain symptoms, referral to a specialist is mandatory, among them:

• double vision;
• violation of coordination of movements;
• complaints related to eye fatigue;
• squinting;
• dizziness caused by eye strain;
• the ability to read only for a short time;
• one eye wanders;
• frequent blinking;
• the child's desire to cover his eyes with his hand;
• impaired hand-eye coordination.

An experienced doctor will accurately diagnose the disease and prescribe the necessary therapy. Corrective glasses are often practiced. Parents can be offered training for a child in a special school, where the necessary exercises are done to restore vision.

Medical professionalism and responsibility of parents will be able to prevent the appearance and development of many diseases. Be sure to periodically monitor the health of the baby's eyes. A preventive visit to the doctor is recommended at one, three and six months, then at the age of one, three, five and seven years. Students should have an eye exam once a year throughout the course. If a disease or predisposition to it is detected, extraordinary examinations are made in agreement with the doctor.

To confirm or refute their doubts about the child's health, parents can initially independently test the baby's eyesight. For example, a baby under one year old should respond to bright light and fix a gaze on it, at 7-8 months the child is able to react to familiar impressions. At the age of three, a test is used to recognize the figures in the picture. If the child is older, you can ask to write the letter E on the chalkboard in different positions. However, regular visits to the doctor are required.

Diagnostics at the ophthalmological center

The ZIP clinic is 100% guaranteed to detect an emerging problem or confirm its absence. It employs a team of professionals who have at their disposal modern equipment from leading companies.

For children, a basic, standard and complete ophthalmological examination has been developed and offered. In the clinic, everything starts with an acquaintance. When the little patient gets used to the doctor, the examination begins. Offered:

• measurement of intraocular pressure.
• determination of the nature of vision;
• autorefractometry;
• establishing the angle of strabismus;
• test of visual acuity;
• examination anterior segment eye;
• fundus check.

The center's methods allow:

• diagnose and treat viral, bacterial conjunctivitis, keratitis;
• eliminate obstruction of the lacrimal canal;
• remove foreign bodies of the cornea, conjunctiva;
• identify and treat astigmatism, amblyopia, myopia, using the technique of hardware treatment;
• perform surgical treatment of pathologies;
• observe small patients after surgery.

How to treat eye diseases in children under one year old

After returning from the hospital, parents should closely monitor the development of the baby, not missing the moments of the formation of visual functions. The first visit to the ophthalmologist takes up to three months. It is during these periods that most congenital diseases are diagnosed. If the pathologies are not established, the next visit to the doctor is panned when the child grows up to six months and the basic structures of the eye that affect the focusing of the image begin to mature.

The first symptoms of most diseases up to a year are:

• the appearance of strabismus;
• slow tracking of a moving object or its complete absence;
• discharge that can accumulate on the eyelids, in the corners of the eyes;
• redness of the tunica albuginea.

As a rule, the impaired function is restored with adequate treatment. Therefore, you should not postpone visiting a doctor and self-medicate. In ZIR clinic 100%, after consultation, the doctor will offer the most painless and informative examination. Necessary treatment and surgery carried out by high-class specialists.

Prevention of children's eye diseases

Effective prevention of eye inflammation is to teach the child to observe hygiene, do not touch or rub his eyes with his hands. It is important to teach the kid not to watch TV for a long time, to limit the time of playing at the computer. Such measures can protect against bacterial inflammation. Also, systematic standard prevention measures will increase the child's immunity, which will reduce the chances of developing most diseases. Content such prevention involves:

• frequent walks;
• playing sports;
• food fortified with vitamins;
• healthy, active lifestyle;
• exercises that help relieve eye fatigue.

The clinic's stands and the site offer parents photos of signs of certain diseases, a brief description of them, so that attention is paid to possible deviations in time.

Children's eye diseases proceed a little differently compared to adults, because the formation of the eyes continues until the age of 14.

information The main signs accompanying eye pathology in children include anxiety, irritability, hyperexcitability.

The main types of diseases

• Nearsightedness (myopia). This disease is often observed in children, especially during the period of active growth. The clarity of vision of objects in the distance is impaired, the child complains of rapid fatigue, seeks to move closer to the TV or computer, squints when watching TV programs.
• Farsightedness (hyperopia). Children who suffer from hyperopia, write and read with difficulty, fatigue quickly comes to them, complaints of headaches come, and there are cases of nausea. The child has poor vision of closely spaced objects, and also cannot clearly distinguish objects at a distance.
• At astigmatism v baby eye there are two focuses that are not in the right place. This disease strongly affects the brain cells, which leads to a condition where wearing glasses does not have the desired effect (amblyopia); the disease does not allow it correctly.
• most often develops at the age of 2-3 years and can be both vertical and divergent. With such a disease, there is no symmetry in eye movement due to a violation of the parallelism of the axes of the eyes, visual impairment is noted, and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and childhood neuroses appear.
• divided into viral, allergic and bacterial. This ailment is characterized by redness and pain in the eyes, sometimes even pus is released. The main symptoms include tearing, swelling of the eyelids, itching and dilated eye vessels.
• Obstruction of the lacrimal passages() manifests itself in redness of the inner corner of the eye and in purulent discharge... In this case, there is a violation of the outflow of fluid from the lacrimal sac, develops inflammatory process.
• For damage to the cornea of ​​the eye the following signs are characteristic: blurred and blurred vision, pain and cutting sensations in the eyes, purulent discharge.
• Iritis (inflammation of the iris) manifests itself in reddening of the sclera, blurring of the iris pattern, sometimes with hemorrhages. In this disease, the iris is the narrowing of the pupil. There are cases when the iris grows together with the lens.
• Spasm of accommodation of the eye ("false myopia") it is expressed by rapid fatigue and reddening of proteins with any visual load. Sometimes there is double vision and a slight decrease in sharpness in the distance.
• Cataract (clouding of the lens) is often congenital disease... It is characterized, first of all, by the color of the pupil - it is not black, but gray or whitish. At the same time, the child has inflamed eyelids, he often blinks, cannot hold his gaze on one object, rubs his eyes.

The main causes of eye diseases

Many defects of the organs of vision are manifested in childhood, and the causes of the disease can be identified at an early age, and sometimes even before birth.

important It is important to know the structure of the eye and the functions that it performs in order to pay attention to outward signs eye disorders: notice redness, unusual view, take into account the color of the pupils, etc.

Eye diseases in children are as common as in adults. The formation of a child's visual system is influenced by many factors, such as ecology, modern technology, a woman's lifestyle during pregnancy, and heredity. The nature of eye diseases (etiology) in children can be different: viral diseases, injuries, burns, etc.

Their reasons may be:

• genetic features (cataract, glaucoma);
• intrauterine infections;
• eating disorder;
• prolonged stress on the child's eyes, prolonged sitting in front of the computer, insufficient illumination when reading;
• poor heredity;
• transferred;
• ingress of foreign objects;
• games with pyrotechnic items without parental supervision, etc.

In childhood, diseases often occur, because the immune system is not fully formed and cannot fully protect the body from pathologies. If you experience alarming symptoms, you should immediately contact a medical specialist. It is important to diagnose any eye disease in children in a timely manner. If you don't start correct treatment may occur Negative consequences up to blindness.

Eye diseases in children

As already mentioned, in childhood, there are often various pathologies, some of which are congenital. Regardless of the cause of the appearance, it is important to consult with an ophthalmologist in order to improve the well-being of the minor. We can name the most common diseases in schoolchildren that require medical attention.

1. Myopia. This is a visual impairment in which a person can see only those objects that are close. Often, the deviation develops between the ages of 8 and 14, which is associated with excessive eye strain, as well as with active growth... The patient will have to wear glasses equipped with diffusing lenses.
2. Hypermetropia. A minor can only see objects that are in the distance. Close-up objects appear blurry. Mostly the deviation appears before the age of 10 years. Symptoms include headaches and eye fatigue. To improve the condition, a person has to wear glasses with plus lenses.
3. Strabismus. In children, one or both eyes deviate from the normal fixation currents. That is, they will not be looking in the same direction. The disease appears due to a unilateral decrease in visual function, nerve damage and refractive errors. With strabismus, surgery is often prescribed, which is often performed at the age of 3 to 5 years.
4. Astigmatism. The patient suffers from distortion of objects that are located at any distance. The disease is corrected with glasses with cylindrical lenses.
5. Amblyopia. There is a decrease in vision in the eye that is not used due to deviation to the side. Gaps may appear if initially one side sees worse. Treatment requires training the affected organ to improve its function.

Children also have other eye diseases, and some of them can be quickly eliminated. For example, it is easy to fight conjunctivitis caused by viruses, bacteria and allergens. In this case, the eye will turn red, itchy, and a burning sensation. The disease appears at any age, while therapy is prescribed depending on the cause of the disease.

Another common problem is barley. With him, a purulent abscess is observed in the eyelid region. The affected area is itchy, sore, and burns. The temperature may rise slightly. Pathology is provoked by bacteria, as well as staphylococci. At the first symptoms, a compress is applied to the problem area, after which you need to consult a doctor. Antibacterial drops and ointments are often prescribed for therapy.

Eye diseases in newborns

In newborns, doctors can detect a disease that requires immediate treatment. Often a congenital cataract is diagnosed, in which the pupil has a grayish tint, and the field of vision is reduced. A cloudy lens prevents light from fully penetrating into the eye. To eliminate the problem, an operation is prescribed, after which the child is assigned contact lenses or glasses that replace the removed lens.

There is also congenital glaucoma, in which intraocular pressure increases. Because of this, the outflow of aqueous humor is disturbed. Because of high blood pressure the ocular membrane is stretched, the organ increases in size, the cornea becomes cloudy. Optic nerve gradually atrophies and eventually blindness appears. The patient is shown the use of drops, and in some cases, surgery.

Retinopathy is another common condition that occurs in premature babies. The normal growth of retinal vessels stops, while pathological processes develop, and fibrous tissue is formed. The organ itself undergoes scarring and gradually exfoliates, due to which a person begins to see poorly. The problem can be eliminated with the help of surgical or laser intervention.

Nystagmus is an involuntary movement of the eyes, which in most cases occurs in a horizontal direction. The patient cannot fix his gaze, which is why there is no clarity of vision. The problem can be eliminated by correcting this violation.

With ptosis in children, prolapse is observed upper eyelid, which is provoked by the underdevelopment of the muscle, which should raise this area. A similar condition also occurs due to damage to the nerve that controls the muscle. Due to omission, light cannot fully penetrate into the eye, and therefore a person must undergo treatment, thanks to which it will be possible to give the eyelid the correct position. Surgery is indicated between the ages of 3 and 7 years. In addition, a special adhesive plaster is used for therapy, which fixes the organ in the correct position.

Eye diseases in a child: symptoms, causes, treatment, signs

When children develop various eye diseases, it is important to immediately pay attention to their symptoms. To do this, parents need to know warning signs, upon the appearance of which, you will definitely need to undergo treatment. For example, there is dry eye syndrome, in which the cornea and conjunctival region are not sufficiently hydrated. Even 50 years ago, this syndrome was a problem only for adults, but now it is also observed in preschoolers.

Their characteristic manifestations can be noted:

1. Burning and stinging sensations.
2. Increased photophobia, which makes it unpleasant for the child to be in rooms with bright light and on the street.
3. Constant eye fatigue.
4. Blurred vision.
5. The appearance of a capillary network in the area of ​​the protein.

The therapy is carried out using special moisturizing drops and gels. In this case, you have to figure out the reasons this phenomenon... The air may be too dry in the room, eyes are in constant voltage, there is an allergy or infection. The doctor may advise you to change lenses to glasses, humidify the air, and also begin to fight the underlying disease. For allergies, antihistamines are recommended, and it is also important not to come into contact with the allergen.

Uveitis is an inflammatory process that affects the iris and choroid. It occurs when bacteria appear. Often it serves as a sign of rheumatism, infection, tuberculosis, arthritis and other severe pathologies.

Symptoms:

1. Increased lacrimation.
2. Intolerance to bright light.
3. Blurred vision.
4. Swelling of the century.
5. Sharp and strong pain, which occurs only in the acute form.
6. Redness of the organ.

At an early stage, the doctor prescribes anti-inflammatory drugs, for example, special drops. In advanced cases, injections are needed, which are performed in the lower eyelid area. As a last resort, an operation is performed.

Other equally common pathologies can be distinguished:

1. Chaliazion. There is an inflammatory process of the cartilage due to blockage sebaceous gland... The optic organ swells, turns red, and a pea-shaped neoplasm appears on the skin. Mostly the disease appears at the age of 5 to 10 years. For treatment, drops, massage and warming are used.
2. Color blindness. There is a lack of color cones in the eye area. May not be recognized different colors, because it all depends on what exactly is missing. It is diagnosed in boys, with the feature most often of a congenital nature.
3. Blepharitis It is observed in preschoolers, and with it there is an inflammatory process of the eyelid from the edge. This is explained by a thin skin and a lack of fat. Pathology is often confused with chalazion and barley, since the symptoms are similar. The child will complain of pain, itching and swelling in the affected area. The pathological process is provoked by viruses, ticks and bacteria. The treatment regimen is determined depending on what exactly led to the development of the disease.

Parents cannot make a diagnosis on their own, as this is done exclusively medical specialist... The child will have to undergo a series of examinations, as well as, if necessary, take tests. Based on the results of the procedures performed, it can be concluded how the minor feels. As soon as an accurate diagnosis is established, you can proceed to therapy.

Drawing conclusions

Some parents do not listen to their child's complaints, which makes the disease progress. Even if the signs of the disease cannot be noticed during a visual examination, in any case, you should consult a doctor. Perhaps the disease is latent in nature, and it can only be detected during a professional examination.

Any ailment is much easier to cure if it is at an early stage of development. Some diseases can be detected even in newborns, since they do not depend on age. It is important to remember that self-medication is dangerous to health, because with the wrong choice of drugs and therapeutic measures, health can deteriorate. Only a doctor should monitor the child and prescribe specific medications for the treatment and prevention of the disease.