What is the difference between arterial and venous blood. What is the difference between venous and arterial blood Which human artery contains venous blood

The date: 26.06.2020

Blood in medicine is usually divided into arterial and venous. It would be logical to think that the first flows in the arteries, and the second in the veins, but this is not entirely true. The fact is that in the large circle of blood circulation, arterial blood (a.c.) does indeed flow through the arteries, and venous blood (a.c.) flows through the veins, but in a small circle the opposite happens: c. because it enters from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries, gives off carbon dioxide to the outside, is enriched with oxygen, becomes arterial and returns from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.

What is the difference between venous blood and arterial blood? A. to. Is saturated with O 2 and nutrients, it goes from the heart to organs and tissues. V. to. - "spent", it gives the cells O 2 and nutrition, takes from them CO 2 and metabolic products and returns from the periphery back to the heart.

Human venous blood differs from arterial blood in color, composition and functions.

By color

A. to. Has a bright red or scarlet hue. This color is given to it by hemoglobin, which has attached O 2 and became oxyhemoglobin. Century to. Contains CO 2, therefore its color is dark red, with a bluish tinge.

By composition

In addition to gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide, blood contains other elements. In A. to. a lot of nutrients, and in. to. - mainly metabolic products, which are then processed by the liver and kidneys and excreted from the body. The pH level is also different: for a. because it is higher (7.4) than that of c. K. (7.35).

By motion

The circulation of blood in the arterial and venous systems is significantly different. A. to. Moves from the heart to the periphery, and in. to. - in the opposite direction. When the heart contracts, blood is ejected from it under a pressure of approximately 120 mm Hg. pillar. When it passes through the capillary system, its pressure drops significantly and is approximately 10 mm Hg. pillar. Thus, a. to. moves under pressure at high speed, and in. because it flows slowly under low pressure, overcoming the force of gravity, and its return flow is prevented by valves.

How does the transformation of venous blood into arterial blood and vice versa, can be understood if we consider the movement in the small and large circulation.

Blood saturated with CO 2 enters the lungs through the pulmonary artery, from where CO 2 is excreted. Then O 2 saturation occurs, and the blood already enriched with it through the pulmonary veins enters the heart. This is how the movement takes place in the pulmonary circulation. After that, the blood makes a big circle: a. because it carries oxygen and nutrition to the cells of the body through the arteries. Giving O 2 and nutrients, it is saturated with carbon dioxide and metabolic products, becomes venous and returns through the veins to the heart. This completes the systemic circulation.

By functions performed

The main function of a. because - the transfer of food and oxygen to the cells through the arteries of the systemic circulation and the veins of the small. Passing through all organs, it gives off O 2, gradually takes carbon dioxide and turns into venous.

The outflow of blood is carried out through the veins, which took the waste products of cells and CO 2. In addition, it contains nutrients that are absorbed by the digestive organs, and hormones produced by the endocrine glands.

For bleeding

Due to the peculiarities of the movement, bleeding will also differ. With arterial blood gushing, such bleeding is dangerous and requires quick first aid and medical attention. With venous, it calmly flows out and can stop by itself.

Other differences

A. k. Is located on the left side of the heart, c. to. - in the right, mixing of blood does not occur.
Venous blood, in contrast to arterial blood, is warmer.
V. to. Flows closer to the surface of the skin.
A. to. In some places it comes close to the surface and here you can measure the pulse.
The veins through which the c. to., much more than arteries, and their walls are thinner.
Movement a.c. provided by a sharp release with a contraction of the heart, outflow c. because the valve system helps.
The use of veins and arteries in medicine is also different - drugs are injected into the vein, it is from it that the biological fluid is taken for analysis.

Instead of a conclusion

The main differences are a. to. and in. because the first is bright red, the second is burgundy, the first is saturated with oxygen, the second is carbon dioxide, the first moves from the heart to the organs, the second from organs to the heart.

Female red, vital fluid that circulates in the animal body, in the veins, by the power of the heart. The blood consists of a light, yellowish sap and a tough liver; scarlet, vein, arterial blood circulates in the veins of the battle; black, subcutaneous, venous ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Noun, f., Uptr. very often Morphology: (no) what? blood, what? blood, (see) what? blood, what? blood, about what? about blood and blood 1. Blood is a red liquid that moves through the blood vessels in your body and nourishes your body ... ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

And, offer. about blood, blood, kind. pl. blood, f. 1. Liquid tissue that moves through the blood vessels of the body and provides nutrition to its cells and metabolism in it. Deoxygenated blood. Arterial blood. □ [Semyon] stabbed himself in the left ... ... Small academic dictionary

blood- and, offer .; about blood / vi, in the blood /; pl. genus. roof / th; f. see also. blood, bloody, blood 1) The fluid that moves through the blood vessels of the body and provides nutrition to its cells and metabolism in it. Deoxygenated blood … Dictionary of many expressions

BLOOD- BLOOD, a liquid that fills the arteries, veins and capillaries of the body and consists of a transparent pale yellowish. the color of the plasma and the formed elements suspended in it: red blood cells, or erythrocytes, white, or leukocytes, and blood plaques, or ... Great medical encyclopedia

ICD 10 I95.95. ICD 9 458458 DiseasesDB ... Wikipedia

And, offer. about blood, in blood; pl. genus. blood; f. 1. The fluid that moves through the blood vessels of the body and provides nutrition to its cells and metabolism in it. Venous to. Arterial to. To. Went from the nose. Break into k., To the blood. TO.… … encyclopedic Dictionary

blood- scarlet (Bashkin, Gippius, Meln. Pechersky, Sologub, Surikov, etc.); crimson (Turgenev); hot (Meln. Pechersky); hot (Sologub); zabubennaya (Druzhinin); cherished (Gippius); sultry (Dravert); seething (Minaev) Epithets of literary Russian speech ... Dictionary of epithets

I (sanguis) liquid tissue that carries out the transport of chemicals (including oxygen) in the body, due to which the integration of biochemical processes taking place in various cells and intercellular spaces into a single system takes place ... Medical encyclopedia

- (sanguis, αϊμα) K. has long been known to people as a more or less brightly scarlet liquid that fills the body of warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals. It was only in the 17th century that those shaped elements of K. were finally discovered, the presence of which ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Good afternoon, Mikhail!

The blood “in the body,” as you put it, is arterial blood. It is fundamentally different from venous in appearance, place of circulation in the human body and composition.

External blood counts

Arterial blood contains hemoglobin, oxidized by oxygen particles in the blood, called oxyhemoglobin. This component gives arterial blood a bright red and even scarlet hue. Venous blood does not contain oxygen, it is enriched with carbon dioxide, which is why it acquires a dark red, almost burgundy color. In this case, venous blood is warmer than arterial.

Arterial and venous blood composition

Laboratory tests distinguish arterial blood samples from venous blood samples by their composition. Normally, in a person with good health, the oxygen tension in the arterial blood is 80 to 100 mm Hg. It also contains carbon dioxide molecules. Its indicators range from 35 to 45 mm Hg. In venous blood, the ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is exactly the opposite. So, the oxygen tension in venous blood is normally about 38 - 42 mm Hg, and carbon dioxide - 50 - 55 mm Hg. In addition to gases, a large amount of nutrients is found in arterial blood, while products of vital activity of cells predominate in venous blood, which are then adsorbed in the liver and kidneys. Laboratory tests show that the ph of the arterial blood is 7.4 and that of the venous blood is 7.35.

Arterial and venous blood functions

The main function of arterial blood is to transport oxygen particles to the organs and tissues of the human body through the arteries of the systemic circulation and the veins of the pulmonary circulation. Arterial blood passes through all tissues of the body, delivering the oxygen molecules necessary for metabolism. Gradually losing oxygen particles, it is filled with carbon dioxide molecules and turns into a venous type.

The venous system carries out the outflow of blood enriched with carbon dioxide and metabolic products. In addition, hormones produced by the endocrine glands and nutrients that are absorbed by the walls of the digestive system, i.e. a large number of end products of metabolism.

Blood movement

Arterial blood moves from the heart, and venous blood moves to the heart. The circulation of blood through the veins is significantly different from the circulation of blood through the arteries. Normally, by contracting, the heart ejects arterial blood at a pressure of 120 mm Hg. Then, passing through the capillary network, the ejection force gradually decreases, and the pressure drops to 10 mm Hg. Accordingly, venous blood moves much slower than arterial blood. In addition, in the venous system, the blood moves, overcoming the force of gravity and experiencing the fullness of hydrostatic pressure. In view of this, arterial bleeding can be easily distinguished from venous bleeding. When the arteries are damaged, the blood "gushes", pulsates, and the venous blood drains slowly.

Best regards, Ksenia.

Blood performs an important function in the body - it provides all organs and tissues with oxygen and various useful substances. From the cells, it takes carbon dioxide, decay products. There are several types of blood: venous, capillary, and arterial blood. Each species has its own function.

General information

For some reason, almost all people are sure that arterial blood is the kind that flows in arterial vessels. In fact, this opinion is erroneous. Arterial blood is enriched with oxygen, because of this it is also called oxygenated. It moves from the left ventricle to the aorta, then goes along the arteries of the systemic circulation. After the cells are saturated with oxygen, the blood turns into venous blood and enters the BC veins. In a small circle, arterial blood moves through the veins.

Different types of arteries are located in different places: some are deep in the body, while others allow you to feel the pulsation.

Venous blood moves through the veins in the BC and through the arteries in the MC. There is no oxygen in it. This liquid contains a large amount of carbon dioxide, decomposition products.

Differences

Venous and arterial blood are different. They differ not only in function, but also in color, composition and other indicators. These two types of blood have a difference in bleeding. First aid is provided in different ways.

Function

Blood has specific and general functions. The latter include:

transfer of nutrients;
transportation of hormones;
thermoregulation.

The venous blood contains a lot of carbon dioxide and little oxygen. This difference is due to the fact that oxygen enters only the arterial blood, while carbon dioxide passes through all vessels and is contained in all types of blood, but in different quantities.

Colour

Venous and arterial blood has a different color. In the arteries, it is very bright, scarlet, light. The blood in the veins is dark, cherry-colored, almost black. This is due to the amount of hemoglobin.

When oxygen enters the blood, it enters into an unstable compound with the iron contained in red blood cells. After oxidation, iron stains the blood a bright red color. The venous blood contains a lot of free iron ions, which is why it becomes dark in color.

Blood movement

Asking the question of what is the difference between arterial blood and venous blood, few people know that these two types also differ in their movement through the vessels. In the arteries, blood moves in the direction from the heart, and through the veins, on the contrary, to the heart. In this part of the circulatory system, circulation is slow as the heart pushes fluid away from itself. Also, the valves located in the vessels affect the decrease in the speed of movement. This type of blood movement occurs in the systemic circulation. In a small circle, arterial blood moves through the veins. Venous - through the arteries.

In textbooks, on a schematic representation of blood circulation, arterial blood is always colored red, and venous blood is blue. Moreover, if you look at the diagrams, then the number of arterial vessels corresponds to the number of venous vessels. This image is approximate, but it fully reflects the essence of the vascular system.

The difference between arterial blood and venous blood also lies in the speed of movement. The arterial is ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta, which branches into smaller vessels. Then the blood enters the capillaries, feeding all organs and systems at the cellular level with useful substances. Venous blood is collected from the capillaries into larger vessels, moving from the periphery to the heart. When the fluid moves, different pressures are observed in different areas. Arterial blood pressure is higher than that of venous blood. It is ejected from the heart under a pressure of 120 mm. rt. Art. In the capillaries, the pressure drops to 10 millimeters. She also moves slowly through the veins, as she has to overcome the force of gravity, cope with the system of vascular valves.

Due to the difference in pressure, blood for analysis is taken from capillaries or veins. Blood is not taken from the arteries, since even minor damage to the vessel can provoke extensive bleeding.

Bleeding

When providing first aid, it is important to know which blood is arterial and which is venous. These species are easily identified by the nature of the flow and color.

With arterial bleeding, a fountain of blood of a bright scarlet color is observed. Fluid flows out pulsatingly, quickly. This type of bleeding is difficult to stop, this is the danger of such injuries.

When providing first aid, it is necessary to raise the limb, squeeze the damaged vessel by applying a hemostatic tourniquet or pressing it down by finger pressure. With arterial bleeding, the patient must be taken to the hospital as soon as possible.

Arterial bleeding can be internal. In such cases, a large amount of blood enters the abdominal cavity or various organs. With this type of pathology, a person suddenly becomes ill, the skin turns pale. After a while, dizziness, loss of consciousness begins. This is due to a lack of oxygen. Only doctors can provide assistance with this type of pathology.

With venous bleeding, dark cherry-colored blood flows out of the wound. It flows slowly, without pulsation. You can stop this bleeding yourself by applying a pressure bandage.

Circles of blood circulation

In the human body, there are three circles of blood circulation: large, small and coronary. All blood flows through them, therefore, if even a small vessel is damaged, severe blood loss can occur.

The small circle of blood circulation is characterized by the release of arterial blood from the heart, passing through the veins to the lungs, where it is saturated with oxygen and returns back to the heart. From there, it goes along the aorta to a large circle, delivering oxygen to all tissues. Passing through various organs, the blood is saturated with nutrients, hormones, which are carried throughout the body. In the capillaries, there is an exchange of useful substances and those that have already been worked out. Oxygen exchange also takes place here. From the capillaries, the liquid enters the veins. At this stage, it contains a lot of carbon dioxide, decay products. Through the veins, venous blood is carried throughout the body to the organs and systems, where it is purified from harmful substances, then the blood goes to the heart, goes into a small circle, where it is saturated with oxygen, giving off carbon dioxide. And everything starts all over again.

Venous and arterial blood should not mix. If this happens, it will reduce the physical capabilities of the person. Therefore, in case of heart pathologies, operations are performed that help to lead a normal life.

Both types of blood are important for the human body. In the process of blood circulation, fluid passes from one type to another, ensuring the normal functioning of the body, as well as optimizing the body's work. The heart pumps blood at a tremendous speed, without stopping its work for a minute, even during sleep.

Blood performs the main function in the body - it provides organs with tissues with oxygen and other nutrients.

From cells, it takes carbon dioxide and other decay products. Due to this, gas exchange occurs, and the human body functions normally.

There are three types of blood that are constantly circulating throughout the body. These are arterial (A.K.), venous (V.K.) and capillary fluid.

What is arterial blood?

Most people believe that the arterial form flows through the arteries, while the venous one moves through the veins. This is a misconception. It is based on the fact that the name of the blood is associated with the name of the vessels.

The system through which the fluid circulates is closed: veins, arteries, capillaries. It consists of two circles: large and small. This contributes to the division into venous and arterial categories.

Arterial blood enriches cells with oxygen (O 2)... It is also called oxygenated. This blood mass from the left ventricle of the heart is pushed into the aorta and steps along the arteries of the great circle.

Saturating cells and tissues with O 2, it becomes venous, entering the veins of the great circle. In the small circle of blood circulation, the arterial mass moves through the veins.

Some of the arteries are located deep in the human body, they cannot be seen. Another part is located close to the surface of the skin: the radial or carotid arteries. In these places, you can feel the pulse. Read which side.

How does venous blood differ from arterial blood?

The movement of this blood mass occurs in a completely different way. The pulmonary circulation begins from the right ventricle of the heart. From here, venous blood flows through the arteries to the lungs.

Differences between the two types of blood

Venous blood is different from arterial blood. The difference lies in the chemical composition of blood, shades, functions, etc.

The arterial mass is bright red. This is due to the fact that it is saturated with hemoglobin, which has attached O 2. For V.K. it is characterized by a maroon color, sometimes with a bluish tint. This suggests that it contains a high percentage of carbon dioxide.
According to research in biology, the chemical composition of A.K. rich in oxygen. The average percentage of O 2 in a healthy person is over 80 mmhg. IN VK. the indicator drops sharply to 38 - 41 mmhg. The carbon dioxide index is different. In A.K. it is 35 - 45 units, and in V.K. the proportion of CO 2 ranges from 50 to 55 mmhg.

From the arteries to the cells, not only oxygen comes, but also useful microelements. In the venous - a large percentage of the products of decay and metabolism.

The main function of A.K. - to provide human organs with oxygen and nutrients. VK. is necessary in order to deliver carbon dioxide to the lungs for further removal from the body and to eliminate other decay products.

In addition to CO 2 and metabolic elements, venous blood also contains useful substances that are absorbed by the digestive organs. Also, the composition of the blood fluid includes hormones secreted by the endocrine glands.

Blood flows through the arteries of the large circulatory ring and the small ring at different speeds. A.K. ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta. It branches into arteries and smaller vessels. Further, the blood mass enters the capillaries, feeding the entire periphery with O 2. VK. moves from the periphery to the heart muscle. The differences are in pressure. So blood is ejected from the left ventricle under a pressure of 120 millimeters of mercury. Further, the pressure decreases, and in the capillaries it is about 10 units.

Blood fluid also moves slowly through the veins of the large circle, since where it flows, it has to overcome gravity and cope with the obstruction of the valves.

In medicine, blood sampling for a detailed analysis is always taken from a vein. Sometimes from the capillaries. Biological material taken from a vein helps to determine the state of the human body.

The difference between venous and arterial bleeding

It is not difficult to distinguish between types of bleeding; even people far from medicine can do this. If the artery is damaged, then the blood is bright red.

It beats in a pulsating stream and flows out very quickly. Bleeding is difficult to stop. This is the main danger of arterial damage.

It won't stop without first aid:

The affected limb should be raised.
Squeeze the damaged vessel slightly above the wound with your finger, apply a medical tourniquet. But it cannot be worn for more than one hour. Before applying the tourniquet, wrap the skin with gauze or any cloth.
The patient should be urgently taken to the hospital.

Arterial bleeding can be internal. This is called a closed form. In this case, a vessel inside the body is damaged, and the blood mass enters the abdominal cavity or spills between organs. The patient suddenly becomes ill, the skin turns pale.

Moments later, he starts to feel very dizzy and faints. This indicates a lack of O 2. Only doctors in the hospital can help with internal bleeding.

When bleeding from a vein, fluid flows out in a slow stream. Color - maroon. Bleeding from a vein can stop on its own. But it is recommended to bandage the wound with a sterile bandage.

The body contains arterial, venous and capillary blood.

The first moves along the arteries of the large ring and veins of the small circulatory system.

Venous blood flows through the veins of the large ring and the pulmonary arteries of the small circle. A.K. saturates cells and organs with oxygen.
Taking carbon dioxide and decay elements from them, the blood turns into venous. It delivers metabolic products to the lungs for further elimination from the body.