Myocardial infarction treatment with folk remedies. Treatment with individual herbs and berries

Myocardial infarction is a serious ailment during which damage to the muscles of the heart occurs due to blockage of the coronary artery or its branches. The reasons may be atherosclerosis, the presence of a blood clot, cholesterol plaques that get stuck in the artery. In most cases, since the patient has a sharp, unbearable pain, but sometimes people may experience mild heart attacks, the symptoms of which they may not even notice. It is very important to immediately apply for, because after the onset of this condition, the heart muscle cells have an oxygen supply of only 10 minutes, after which the muscle functions for another 30 minutes, and then irreversible changes await it. She dies three hours later. That is why the first minutes after the development of the disease are critical. Many people are interested in how to recover from a heart attack.

Rehabilitation after myocardial infarction at home.

Symptoms

A stroke always comes on suddenly, so you need to know the main symptoms that indicate this disease. Most :

• severe weakness, numbness of the limbs appears;
• the head begins to spin and hurt, coordination of movements is lost;
• the patient feels sick, vomiting may occur;
• "flies" appear before the eyes, temporary loss of vision is possible;
• difficult speech;
• paralysis of half of the body occurs;

Treatment

Treatment of myocardial infarction occurs only after the diagnosis is confirmed by a doctor. To do this, he makes a cardiogram, and after the patient enters the intensive care unit, where behind his heart, blood vessels and internal organs surveillance will be carried out. As soon as this condition occurs in a person, he is injected special preparations, the action of which is aimed at resolving blood clots, as well as restoring blood flow. It is believed that the earlier such a remedy was introduced, the better for the patient, his maximum effect comes within one hour. In addition, the doctor prescribes drugs that reduce the process of blood circulation and the frequency of contractions of the heart muscle. These actions are necessary to reduce the heart's need for oxygen, which allows you to extend the life of the cells. Anti-clotting drugs help prevent new blood clots from forming.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation after myocardial infarction at home should be carried out based on the recommendations of the attending physician. Strict observance of all the requirements of a specialist from the first day gives a positive result in a short time. After discharge from the hospital, the patient begins, which can take six months. In this case, recipes will be useful traditional medicine and gymnastics. But it is worth remembering that these funds must be additional methods therapies used in conjunction with the main treatment prescribed by a specialist. It is necessary to treat the patient at home with means that have medicinal properties, which contains a large number of vitamins and other beneficial substances.

Phytotherapy

During therapy folk remedies preference should be given only to those plants that have a positive effect on the work of the heart and blood vessels. These herbs remove excess fluid, eliminate spasms, lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and have a sedative effect. There are many useful recipes that use folk remedies:

1. We take 50 grams of wild strawberries and rose hips, mix them and pour 0.5 liters. boiling water. Next, the mixture is placed in a water bath when it is already heated, and heated for 15 minutes. After you need to strain healthy drink, the mass is diluted with boiled water and taken 0.5 cups twice a day.
2. Hawthorn is often used in treatment, which has a vasodilating and calming effect. You should take 20 grams of its flowers and the same amount of valerian root, add another 15 grams of adonis and one glass of boiling water - let it brew for about an hour, while the container should be in a warm place. Strained drink drink 0.5 cups before breakfast and bedtime.
3. Another healthy recipe, the reception of which contributes to recovery after myocardial infarction. We are preparing a collection of hop cones, yarrow, valerian, lemon balm, corn stigmas. Each of the herbs take 20 grams. All this is poured with one glass of boiling water, covered with a lid, then you need to let it brew in a water bath, cool and strain. The finished broth is taken 0.5 cups daily, once 30 minutes before breakfast.

Treatment with cereals

Myocardial infarction is also treated with cereals. Scientists say that their sprouts contain many nutrients and trace elements, they are much more useful than the grains themselves. Thanks to the addition of cereals to the patient's diet, the cardiovascular system receives active organic and minerals. You can also germinate seeds on your own. To do this, you can use the canned method, which is considered the simplest. You need to take a small jar, pour grain into it - 2/3 of the capacity. It is important to treat the grain before use and disinfect it with a 0.25% solution of potassium permanganate, and then pour boiling water over it. After a jar of grains, water is poured. After 12 hours, the water that has not been absorbed should be drained, and the sprouts should be placed on a glass tray, previously covered with gauze, which has several layers and soaked in water.

The next step is to cover the grain with several more layers of gauze. In this form, leave the sprouts for a couple of days, they should rise a little. Experts advise putting the container in the light, as the growth process will be more active. It is necessary to wait until the sprouts germinate by 1 cm. Treatment with folk remedies should not be carried out without the knowledge of the attending physician. This is very important, as the specialist will tell you which folk remedies should not be used in a particular case in order to avoid the appearance of an allergic reaction.

Diet

Myocardial infarction imposes a duty on a person. So, doctors recommend eating up to seven times a day, and as for the size of portions, they must be reduced. The diet is divided into three types: acute, subacute and scarring period. spicy diet is the strictest, it is resorted to immediately after a myocardial infarction has occurred. Usually it needs to be followed for several weeks, it should be under the supervision of the attending physician. During this period, the patient is allowed light soups from vegetables, dairy products, but only fat-free, porridge from cereals in a liquid consistency. Dishes must be mashed, it is forbidden to add salt to them. Also, in the first days after the disease, it is useful for the patient to drink fresh juice from carrots, adding 1 tsp to it. vegetable oil. This drink should be consumed twice a day.

When three weeks pass after the development of the disease, the patient is transferred to the last type of diet. At this time, scarring of the heart muscle occurs in the body of the victim. You can eat normally, but with some restrictions. Doctors recommendations for daily diet:

• eat more germinated wheat and bran;
• give up fatty, smoked foods and salt, this will prevent stress on the heart and clogging of blood vessels;
• it is better to replace confectionery with dried fruits, honey and nuts;
• instead of black tea, it is more useful to drink a rosehip drink, cranberry juice;
• banned coffee, alcoholic beverages;
• exclude spicy seasonings;
• eggs are allowed no more than three pieces per week.

The last meal should be a few hours before bedtime. So, you can drink kefir, yogurt. There is a recipe that has a weak therapeutic effect to restore the body during rehabilitation. To prepare it, take 100 grams walnuts, they need to be crushed and mixed with 2 tbsp. l. honey. The mixture is eaten three times a day. Almonds will also be of great benefit to the patient - 1 pc. daily.

Physical exercise

In addition to the treatment of folk remedies and medicines use physical training. Most often, doctors prescribe exercises after a heart attack from the first days of the disease. Lessons should start with simple exercises, which can also be done in bed. These exercises include:

1. Eye movements are performed when it is still difficult for the patient to move. After they switch to squeezing-unclenching the brushes, as well as rotating them.
2. Lying, you can take your hands to the sides, and then reduce again, bend chest leaning on elbows. Next, bending and raising the legs are done.
3. In a sitting position, you can do such exercises - spread your elbows, rotate your shoulders, lean to the sides. To prepare for walking will help the alternate process of bending and unbending the legs, simulating walking.
4. Gymnastics after a heart attack, performed while standing, should include lifting on toes, abducting the leg at the same time as raising the arm, and turning the torso. Relying on the back of a chair or bed will help facilitate the exercises.

After discharge, the patient needs to spend as much time as possible in the fresh air. One of the most effective ways recover is walking. You need to start with small distances, perform pulse control, doing it slowly. Then every day add a step and increase the path. Another great exercise machine is recognized as a ladder. Here you should also slowly increase the load. Thanks to this method, the success of rehabilitation can be determined. It is believed that if the patient went up to the fourth floor without shortness of breath, then his recovery is going well.

Important! Before walking, you need to consult a doctor who will correctly calculate the load.

To prevent the recurrence of the disease, it is necessary to treat all ailments that can provoke the development of a heart attack, as well as regularly visit a cardiologist.

Japanese scientists have shown that eating 180 g of fish per day is useful for the prevention of myocardial infarction

What remedies can traditional medicine recommend for recovery after a heart attack? Of course, those that are useful for the heart and blood vessels. The fact is that the main cause of myocardial infarction is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Provoke the disease nervous strain, hard work, smoking, overeating, alcohol. Straightaway after myocardial infarction it is important to strictly follow the recommendations of the doctor. But already in the recovery period, which begins about a month after a heart attack, the role of folk remedies increases dramatically. The recovery period for post-infarction patients takes time. It is necessary to apply the same herbal treatment as in chronic heart failure.

Folk remedy after a heart attack - motherwort

It is necessary to look for such plants that will help heal not only the heart, but also blood vessels, will help normalize pressure, and also soothe nervous system. These plants include motherwort. This plant lowers blood pressure, calms the nervous system and improves the condition of the heart. Folk remedy from motherwort. 1 tsp crushed raw materials pour a glass of boiling water. Insist 20 minutes. Drink 0.4 cups 4 times a day.
In the first days after myocardial infarction, traditional medicine recommends drinking carrot juice with sunflower oil 2 times a day. To half a glass carrot juice add 1 tsp. sunflower oil. Drink throughout the day.
It is recommended after a heart attack to take a remedy from the centaury herb. 1 tbsp chopped herbs pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, wrap heat and leave for 1 hour. Drink 0.4 cups 4 times a day 15-30 minutes before meals. Such folk remedies can be taken for two weeks, then take a break and continue the course of treatment.

Parsnip - a folk remedy for blood vessels

Parsnip folk remedy- an excellent antispasmodic, lowers blood pressure, dilates blood vessels. 1 tsp crushed seeds pour a glass of boiling water, wrap heat, leave for 1 hour. Drink 1 tbsp. 4 times a day.

Parsnip root remedy also contributes to recovery after a heart attack. 1 tbsp crushed parsnip roots pour a glass of boiling water, wrap warmly. Leave for 1 hour. Drink 1 tbsp. 4-5 times a day.

Herbs for recovery after a heart attack

Useful medicines from the collection of rose hips, red mountain ash, hawthorn, viburnum, raisins, dried apricots. Medical collection for recovery after a heart attack. Rose hips (1 part), red mountain ash, hawthorn, viburnum, raisins, dried apricots - 2 parts each. Pour a glass of collection in a thermos with 1 liter of boiling water, insist overnight. Drink 0.4-0.5 cups 4 times a day. Such treatment can last a long time, it does not have side effects.

A classic remedy of garlic, lemon and honey for blood vessels

Probably, many have heard about this "classic" remedy for strengthening blood vessels. Medicine from garlic, lemon and honey: grind 5 heads of garlic and 5 lemons with skin through a meat grinder. Add 500 g of honey. Mix thoroughly, leave for a week. Drink 1 tbsp. 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 2 months. Caution: People with a sick stomach or pancreas should be careful when using this remedy.

Folk remedy for edema

In the case of cardiovascular disorders that are accompanied by edema, infusion can be treated. 1 tbsp raw materials pour a glass of boiling water, wrap heat, insist 3 hours. Drink 1 tbsp. 3 times a day 15-30 minutes before meals. The course of treatment is 5 days.

What can you eat after a heart attack?

by the most best product for the prevention of myocardial infarction is fish. I would like to cite the results of a study conducted by Japanese scientists, which included 40,000 people. People who ate a lot of fish (about 180 g per day) were about 56% less likely to have a myocardial infarction than their compatriots who ate no more than 20 g of fish per day. And the overall risk of chronic heart disease, including angina pectoris, was 37% lower. Fish has such a preventive effect due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids that rejuvenate human vessels. Therefore, after a myocardial infarction, fish is also very useful.
After suffering a myocardial infarction, you should be very careful about your health, in no case overwork, eat rationally. In addition, you need to remember about green healers. Folk remedies can help in the recovery process after a myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction is a manifestation of coronary heart disease, a disease characterized by damage to the heart muscle due to blockage of the coronary artery. Due to blockage of the artery by a blood clot, the heart simply does not receive enough oxygen and weakens. This is a fairly common and at the same time quite a serious phenomenon that absolutely anyone can encounter.

A heart attack can develop due to atherosclerosis, high cholesterol levels in the blood, hypertension, genetic predisposition, obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol abuse. The disease is usually accompanied by pressing pain in the region of the heart, fainting, blanching skin, painful sensations radiating to the neck, shoulder blade or arm. But such symptoms do not occur in all cases. It happens that a heart attack practically does not manifest itself in any way. In this case, its diagnosis becomes more difficult.

It is important to understand that a specialist should deal with the treatment of the attack itself. Believe me, no herbs will help with this pathology. Help must be qualified and immediate.

Untimely or incorrect therapy can cause, cardiogenic shock, breaking heart.

After an attack, you must strictly follow all the instructions of the attending physician. Rehabilitation therapy can be complex. Facilities alternative medicine will be an excellent addition to the main drug therapy.

birch heals

Birch buds in the treatment of the disease. Brew 10 grams of plant buds with boiled water - 400 ml. Cover the container with a lid and set aside the composition to infuse for an hour. Consume 20 ml of filtered product at least four times a day.

You can also use alcohol tincture for the treatment of a heart attack. It's easy to prepare. Pour 30 grams of dried chopped birch buds into a container, preferably glass, and pour half a liter of high-quality vodka or medical alcohol. You need to insist the composition in a cold room for two weeks. Take 15 drops three times a day.

The use of garlic

This plant is very beneficial for the functioning of the heart. As a restorative therapy, you can use a healing mixture.

Take a couple of heads of garlic, peel, rinse and chop. Next, take five large lemons, remove the seeds and chop with a meat grinder.

Combine garlic mass with lemon and add honey, literally a spoonful. Mix thoroughly. Leave the composition to brew for a week and a half, it is only advisable to use glass containers.

You need to take 30 grams of the cooked mass once a day.

Valerian is indispensable in the treatment of heart attack

Grind the raw fruits of the plant, then pour 20 grams of raw materials into a thermos. Pour in boiled water and set aside for half an hour. Use 200 ml of filtered infusion twice a day: immediately after waking up and before going to bed.

You can use another effective drug. Combine equal proportions of valerian with marigold flowers, immortelle, sage, lavender and angelica rhizome. All components must be pre-dried and crushed.

Brew 20 grams of the mixture with boiling water - half a liter. Set the composition aside for a few hours. Drink 100 ml of strained drink three times a day.

The use of hawthorn and wild rose

Brew 10 g of hawthorn fruit with boiling water - 300 ml. The composition should be infused for at least three hours. It is recommended to use 200 ml of the drug twice a day.

Healing infusion for the treatment of pathology. Mix rose hips in the amount of 50 grams with viburnum, hawthorn, mountain ash, dried apricots and raisins. Mix the composition thoroughly and brew 200 grams of the mixture with boiled water - a liter. Leave the product to infuse overnight. Take 100 milliliters four times a day.

Honey and motherwort to normalize the functioning of the heart

Combine equal amounts of honey with nuts, dried apricots and raisins. All ingredients take 200 grams. Grind all the ingredients with a meat grinder and consume this delicious potion at least four times a day.

No less effective is a mixture of honey with chokeberry. Take dried mountain ash - a kilogram and combine with honey - two kilograms. It is recommended to take 10 grams of the drug once a day.

Brew 20 grams of dried chopped plant herb in boiled water - 200 ml. Leave the remedy to infuse for half an hour. Consume 100 milliliters of the filtered preparation three times a day.

Emergency care for a heart attack

When joining, you must:

• call an ambulance;
• lay down the patient;
• give a tablet of nitroglycerin or thirty drops of Corvalol to drink;
• unfasten tight clothing;
• open a window or window;
• if the attack happened on the street, the patient must be moved to the shade;
• if the nitroglycerin tablet does not work and health workers have not yet arrived, give the tablet again.

The life of a person depends on how quickly and correctly you act.

Proper nutrition is the key to the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system

In order to prevent a recurrence, it is recommended to adhere only to a healthy and proper diet.

1. Eat more fruits, vegetables, berries and herbs.
2. Limit your protein and salt intake.
3. Foods that increase cholesterol levels should be avoided.
4. You need to eat often, but in small portions.
5. It is strictly forbidden to eat spicy, fried, smoked and too salty dishes.

In order to prevent a heart attack, it is necessary to: play sports, only in moderation, eat right, give up bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol), avoid conflicts and stressful situations, control weight, systematically visit a cardiologist.

Myocardial infarction is also popularly referred to as an acute heart attack. The reason for the development this disease is a thrombus formation that occurs in the coronary arteries. Its symptoms should be known to everyone who has a predisposition to it, as well as to relatives of such people. Timely assistance can save a person not only health, but even life. Let's talk about the manifestations indicating the development of myocardial infarction, as well as the methods of treatment of this pathological condition using traditional medicine.

Symptoms

A person feels a burning sensation and pressure in the central part of the sternum, pain is also often added to these symptoms. Unpleasant sensations may also spread to the neck, arms, and shoulders. Enough common symptom indicating the development of a heart attack is nausea, accompanied by shortness of breath and dizziness. A person may lose consciousness, a cold and sticky sweat.

All of these symptoms can be temporary, sometimes they appear and immediately disappear. Quite often, the patient completely ignores them.

Sometimes myocardial infarction does not develop suddenly, but gradually. The disease can be manifested by painful sensations in the chest area - a feeling of heaviness, compression and pressure. Symptoms may progress to left hand, will spread to the lower jaw, neck and upper abdomen. In females, the symptoms may be different from those experienced by men. In women, a heart attack often presents with shortness of breath, chest pain, and extreme weakness.

All of these symptoms occur as a result of myocardial ischemia. In this case, the blood enriched with oxygen simply does not enter the heart muscle.

One of the methods of differential diagnosis of a heart attack at home: chest pains do not go away in a patient even after he takes it.

What to do?

If you or someone in your family has any of the following symptoms, call 911 immediately. ambulance. Give the patient nitroglycerin and thirty drops of corvalol. A person with a suspected heart attack must be hospitalized in the nearest medical facility. Therapy is carried out in the conditions of the intensive care unit.

Folk remedies

In the first days after the defeat, it is very useful for the patient to drink carrot juice with the addition of vegetable oil. Twice a day it is worth drinking half a glass of such a drink, mixing it with a teaspoon of oil.

Many folk healers advise swallowing a whole clove of garlic if pain suddenly arises in the region of the heart. They argue that this method may well replace the intake of nitroglycerin.

Mix fifty grams of cinnamon rose hips and wild strawberry leaves. Brew such a collection with half a liter of boiling water and soak in a preheated water bath for another fifteen minutes. After bring the product to cooling and strain. Squeeze the plant mass thoroughly, and dilute the liquid with plain water to a half-liter volume. Take half a glass of medicine twice a day.

Mix twenty grams of crushed valerian root, cumin fruits and motherwort grass. Brew a tablespoon of this collection with boiling water (a glass). Soak in a water bath for fifteen to twenty minutes, then remove and soak for another half an hour. Take the filtered medicine in a glass just before bedtime.

Take one kilogram of fresh ripe cranberries and turn it through a meat grinder with two hundred grams of garlic. Add natural honey to the mixture - one hundred grams - and mix well. Set aside for insisting for three days. After that, eat this remedy in a teaspoon twice a day.

Mix freshly squeezed onion juice with natural liquid honey, keeping equal proportions. Eat this medicine in a tablespoon three times a day.

Mix a kilogram of mountain ash with a couple of kilograms of honey, mix well and take a tablespoon once a day.

Lemon zest has a good firming and healing effect. It can simply be chewed in the mouth. Such a medicine is saturated with mass essential oils, it perfectly optimizes the activity of the heart.

Squeeze the beetroot juice, let it stand in the refrigerator for three to four hours. Mix the drink with honey, observing an equal ratio, and then take a couple of tablespoons three to four times a day. Such juice can also be combined with carrot, potato and even cabbage.

Dissolve two-tenths of a gram of mummy in a glass of rosehip infusion. Take this remedy twice a day - half a glass.

Take equal parts of leaves of lemon balm, gout and watch, as well as the fruits of ordinary mountain ash. Pour four grams of the collection with two hundred and fifty milliliters of boiling water. Boil for a couple of minutes and leave wrapped for another two hours. Then strain the medicine and drink it in three doses during the day.

Pound four hundred grams of garlic to the state of gruel and pour it with boiling milk - three and a half liters. Boil the medicine over low heat in a bowl covered with a lid. Make sure that the liquid has evaporated by 0.75 of its volume. Strain the remedy and take it in small sips three to four times a day. Do not drink more than a third of a glass at a time.

Remember that the use of folk methods should be discussed with the doctor first.

One of the most severe forms of coronary heart disease is ischemic necrosis of a section of the heart muscle, which occurs as a result of an acute discrepancy between myocardial oxygen demand and its delivery by the coronary vessels.

Myocardial infarction is a narrower concept than myocardial necrosis. The latter includes myocardial infarction itself (coronary, ischemic) and non-coronary myocardial necrosis, which can be observed in secondary coronary insufficiency(dysmetabolic, steroid, adrenaline necrosis). In the case of transmural myocardial infarction, necrosis of the bulk of the ischemic myocardium develops. In non-transmural (large-focal, subendocardial) myocardial infarction, most of the ischemic myocardium is not necrotic.

Although transmural and non-transmural myocardial infarctions have corresponding electrocardiographic criteria, in Lately these concepts are used mainly as pathoanatomical, since there is often a discrepancy in the ECG data. An ECG cannot accurately determine the depth and extent of damage to the heart muscle.

Acute myocardial infarction is considered as such up to 28 days. The occurrence of a new myocardial infarction within 3 to 28 days from the onset of the disease is called recurrent myocardial infarction, and after 28 days - repeated myocardial infarction.

1 month after myocardial infarction, the diagnosis of angina pectoris is established (with the definition of a functional class according to the Canadian classification, taking into account the results of the test with dosed physical activity, the amount of oxygen taken per unit of work - metabolic units) and postinfarction cardiosclerosis.

4 months after myocardial infarction, the patient is referred to the VTEC, where the issue of further tactics is decided - "get to work", "recognize as disabled" (disability III-II groups) or "continue disability".

The adequacy of the coronary circulation to the metabolic needs of the myocardium is determined by three main factors:

• the amount of coronary circulation,
• composition arterial blood(first of all, the degree of its oxygenation),
• myocardial oxygen demand.

The size of the coronary circulation depends on the level blood pressure in the aorta and coronary vascular resistance. Myocardial oxygen demand may increase with an increase in blood pressure, physical or psycho-emotional stress. Probability of development acute infarction myocardium is the highest in the morning, which is associated with circadian (daily) changes in the tone of the coronary vessels, the concentration of catecholamines and the ability of blood to coagulate.

The most common cause of acute myocardial infarction is a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque with thrombosis of the coronary vessels and their subsequent more or less pronounced stenosis.

In the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction, arachidonic acid, which is part of lipids, plays an important role. It has been established that in the process of its metabolism, compounds are formed that affect the circulatory system, including platelets and the vascular wall.

Thromboxane A2 is a compound that is formed in platelets due to their adhesion and aggregation in response to psycho-emotional or physical stress and hypercatecholaminemia. Thromboxane A2 has two important properties: it significantly enhances platelet aggregation and constricts blood vessels. In the process of metabolism of arachidonic acid, prostacyclin is also formed - a compound with properties opposite to thromboxane A2. Prostacyclin is formed by intact endothelial cells of arterial vessels. Its action is opposite to that of thromboxane A2. It counteracts platelet adhesion and aggregation and expands blood vessels. The balance between the formation of thromboxane and prostacyclin is crucial for maintaining normal blood flow in the coronary arteries.

An essential role in breaking this balance is played by cyclic peroxides of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These are strong inhibitors of the synthesis of prostacyclin in the walls of arterial vessels. An increase in the concentration of peroxide in blood plasma and tissues causes a shift in equilibrium towards thromboxane A2, which triggers a cascade of reactions that destroy the arterial wall. If this is not counteracted by prostacyclin, then a parietal and then an occlusive thrombus is formed first. Thus, thrombosis of the coronary arteries in conditions of atherosclerotic plaque rupture and insufficient decomposition of coronary collaterals is considered to be the main mechanism for the development of acute myocardial infarction. Expressed collateral vessels can slow down the rate of necrosis and limit the size of the infarct zone, thus affecting the survival of patients.

In the event of a myocardial infarction, stimulate defensive reactions organism, in particular, infiltration of necrotic tissue by neutrophils and monocytes occurs (inflammatory reaction). The necrotic myocardium is gradually replaced connective tissue. This process ends with the formation of a scar (scar) on the 4-6th week from the onset of acute myocardial infarction.

One of the brightest and persistent symptoms acute myocardial infarction is chest pain. It occurs in 80-90% of patients. Pain in acute myocardial infarction differs from that in angina pectoris in intensity, duration, and in that it is not eliminated by nitrates, and sometimes narcotic analgesics. Pain of a compressive nature, less often burning, tearing, cutting, usually localized in the retrosternal area, less often in the lower third of the sternum and in the epigastric region. Often radiates to the left arm, shoulder, shoulder blade, spine, neck, lower jaw, ear. The pain, as a rule, is undulating: it either intensifies, then decreases, after a while it repeats again with more greater strength. Sometimes the pain syndrome is characterized by only one long intense attack.

A feature of pain in acute myocardial infarction is its pronounced emotional coloring. Patients experience fear of death, some of them are excited, restless, to reduce pain they rush around the room; some groan, afraid to move even a step. Subsequently, a sharp general weakness develops. However, pain in acute myocardial infarction is not always so strong, sometimes it is completely absent.

There are the following atypical forms acute myocardial infarction:

• peripheral type - clinical forms: left-handed, left-scapular, ulnar, upper spinal, cervical, mandibular, ear, dental, laryngeal-pharyngeal;
• cerebral type - clinical forms: with episodes of syncope, crisis (hypertensive crisis), hemiplegic, similar to food poisoning;
• abdominal type - clinical forms: esophageal, in the form of a perforated stomach ulcer, acute cholecystopancreatitis;
• painless type - clinical forms: asthmatic, arrhythmic, collaptoid "decompensation" (progressive total heart failure).

From painless forms myocardial infarction is most often asthmatic, which occurs in the form of cardiac asthma or pulmonary edema. More often, such an onset of acute myocardial infarction is observed with widespread myocardial infarctions, as well as in the case of myocardial infarction, which develops against the background of cardiosclerosis or heart failure. In the case of repeated heart attacks, the asthmatic form is observed more often than in primary ones. Basically, this form of onset of myocardial infarction occurs in the elderly and old age. In this case, there may be no pain behind the sternum, and the only sign of the disease is cardiac asthma.

The asthmatic form is more common in case of mastoid muscle infarction. This is due to the formation of relative insufficiency of the mitral (left atrioventricular) valve, which leads to the rapid development of heart failure. Therefore, a rough systolic murmur appears over the apex of the heart, it is well carried out in armpit, the tone above the apex also weakens, signs of expansion of the left atrium and left ventricle appear. On auscultation, a proto-diastolic gallop rhythm and an accent of II tone over the pulmonary artery are found.

The abdominal form is observed more often in the case of lower infarcts. In this case, there is pain in the epigastric region, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, bloating (paresis of the stomach and intestines). The pain can be localized both in the epigastric region and in the right hypochondrium. On palpation of the abdomen, the anterior abdominal wall tense and painful. Only a recorded ECG helps in some cases to avoid unnecessary gastric lavage or even surgery.

Cerebrovascular forms can occur in the form of episodes of syncope, stroke, hypertensive crisis. Only later, when the patient comes to his senses, does pain appear in the region of the heart, and with it the thought of a myocardial infarction.

The stroke form of the onset of myocardial infarction is associated with local ischemia of the brain tissue, which occurs as a result of simultaneous spasm (or thrombosis) of the cerebral and coronary arteries. The stroke form mainly proceeds in the form of hemiparesis. The diagnosis is confirmed by ECG and EchoCG data in dynamics and CT scan brain. Sometimes myocardial infarction immediately begins with cardiogenic shock.

How to treat a heart attack?

Treatment of acute myocardial infarction carried out immediately, immediately after the diagnosis. Treatment involves:

• anesthesia (morphine hydrochloride, promedol, analgin, droperidol, nitrates),
• stabilization of systemic hemodynamics,
• improvement of myocardial blood supply (thrombolytic therapy),
• decrease in myocardial oxygen demand (strict bed rest, adrenergic blockers - esmolol, obzidan, atenolol, metoprolol),
• sedative therapy.

Establish permanent oxygen therapy or, better, infusion of oxygenated perfgoran at a dose of 2 ml/kg - intravenously or at a dose of 1 ml/kg - intratracheally. Everything medical measures are carried out under the monitoring of ECG, heart rate, P2-capillary blood.

Basic principles of drug therapy:

• thrombolytic, anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy.
• basic therapy: β-blockers; aspirin (cardiomagnyl); clopidogrel (atherocardium); nitrates, if there is a need for hemodynamic unloading of the heart (left ventricular failure) or with relapses of pain;
• ACE inhibitors (captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril, trandolapril);
• glucose-insulin-potassium mixture or Corvitin;
• lipid-lowering drugs (statins, maxepa).

Efficiency thrombolytic therapy in the case of acute myocardial infarction, it is due to the early restoration of the patency of the infarction-dependent coronary artery. This concept is based on three important points:

• in the first 12 hours after the onset of acute transmural myocardial infarction, complete occlusion of the coronary artery is observed in 85% of patients;
• the introduction of thrombolytic agents into the coronary or systemic circulation in patients with acute myocardial infarction provides recanalization of a completely "closed" coronary artery in 60-80% of patients;
• early restoration of the patency of the previously "closed" coronary artery helps to reduce the size of the area of ​​necrosis and the degree of dysfunction of the left ventricle, improve the immediate and long-term results of treatment.

The “salvation” of the myocardium depends on the “opening” effect of the coronary artery, that is, the preservation of the vital activity and contractility of one or another part of the muscle fibers, which without such treatment remains irreversibly damaged. After 6-12 hours from the appearance of the first clinical signs acute myocardial infarction to eliminate irreversible damage to the myocardium is almost impossible.

Early pathological remodeling of the left ventricle is thinning, stretching and bulging of the infarction zone with the possible formation of an acute aneurysm of the heart. In this case, the intact part of the myocardium works in hyperfunction mode. In the future, compensatory possibilities are exhausted. There is a decrease in stroke volume and ejection fraction, "stretching" of the infarcted myocardium and increased dilatation of the left ventricle, which is combined into the concept of late pathological myocardial remodeling. With the development of late pathological remodeling, the prognosis worsens.

The beneficial effect of drug thrombolysis on left ventricular remodeling is due to the limitation of the spread of the necrosis zone from the endo- to the epicardium, the normalization of myocardial elasticity and stiffness in the damaged zone, as well as the acceleration of reparative processes and an increase in the thickness of the scar itself.

Thrombolytic drugs are drugs whose action is aimed at dissolving blood clots different localization by exogenous activation of fibrinolysis. They are divided into three groups:

• first generation drugs are streptokinase, double-chain plasminogen activator of the urokinase type (urokinase), plasmin (fibrinolysin), staphylokinase;
• II generation drugs include tissue activator plasminogen (TAP), single-chain plasminogen activator (prourokinase), anisoylated plasminogen-streptokinase activated complex (APSAK);
• modern drugs of the III generation - mutant forms of TPA and urokinase, bizarre compounds, bispecific agents.

According to the mechanism of action, fibrin-specific and fibrin-specific thrombolytic drugs are distinguished. The former equally activate both freely circulating and fibrin-bound plasminogen (streptokinase, APSAK, and prourokinase). The latter affect mainly the bound plasminogen located on the surface of the thrombus (tPA, urokinase). The classic drug for thrombolytic therapy is streptokinase (streptase, cabikcase, celias).

Basic Therapy. Blockers of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors are used to ensure that activated receptors bind to fibrinogen, forming bridges between platelets. These drugs are: abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban. Absiximab infusion should be continued for 12 hours, and eptifibatide and tirofiban for 24 hours.

Assign IIb/IIIa receptor blockers in addition to aspirin and low-dose heparin in those patients who are planning to undergo early (primary) revascularization (PCI).

Anticoagulants are unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The use of UFH is associated with a 29% reduction in the risk of death. UFH should be used only by infusion for 24-48 hours continuously at the rate of 1000 IU of UFH for 1 hour. If thrombolysis is performed, UFH is first given as a bolus of 5000 units IV, and infusion therapy started immediately after thrombolysis. The use of NFG is associated with certain difficulties:

• maintaining therapeutic antithrombin control is difficult due to unanticipated levels of heparin binding to plasma proteins;
• UFH has limited efficacy in conditions where thrombin is bound to platelets and contained within the thrombus.

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are characterized by enhanced antithrombin activity. In addition, LMWHs are less sensitive to platelet factor and have a more predictable anticoagulant outcome, with less chance of thrombocytopenia. These drugs can be administered subcutaneously, the dose depends on the body weight of the patient. When using LMWH, there is no need for laboratory control. Among LMWHs, only clexane and arixtra differ in proven efficacy.

The therapeutic effect of nitrates is determined by the effect of venodilation, a decrease in preload and end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle, which leads to a decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption. Nitrates dilate normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries, increase coronary collateral blood flow and inhibit platelet aggregation. The dose of nitrates should be titrated until symptoms disappear or side effects (headache or hypotension and severe tachycardia) appear. A limitation for long-term nitrate therapy is the phenomenon of tolerance, which depends on the dose and duration of treatment.

Adrenoblockers cause beneficial effects:

• reduce cardiac output, heart rate,
• reduce blood pressure and myocardial contractility,
• reduce the imbalance between the delivery of oxygen to the myocardium and its need,
• limit the area of ​​myocardial necrosis,
• reduce the release of cardiac enzymes from the myocardium,
• reduce the intensity of the pain syndrome,
• reduce the risk of developing a reinfarction, myocardial rupture, fatal ventricular arrhythmias and, finally, the mortality rate.

Treatment of myocardial infarction should begin with the introduction of β-blockers, followed by the transfer of the patient to oral administration of β-blockers. Therapy with β-blockers should be started as early as possible, regardless of whether thrombosis or angioplasty is performed. Particularly favorable β-blockers for patients with recurrent ischemic pain, progressive or repeated increase in the levels of cardiac enzymes in the blood serum, in the presence of tachyarrhythmias. On the initial stageβ-blockers should be administered intravenously.

Statins (atorvastatin, pravastatin) are also prescribed from the first day of treatment. The polarizing mixture (300 ml of 5% glucose solution, 10 IU of insulin and 1.6 g (20 mmol / l) of potassium chloride) is administered intravenously at a rate of 40 drops per 1 minute in order to reduce the concentration of free fatty acids in the blood, improve contractility heart, preventing the development of ventricular extrasystoles. Cytoprotective metabolic therapy also involves the use of Corvitin, Neoton.

The goal of rehabilitation of patients after acute myocardial infarction is to improve the quality of life, return them to normal life and correct risk factors.

What diseases can be associated

All complications of acute myocardial infarction are divided into four groups:

• electrical: violation heart rate and conductivity;
• mechanical: dysfunction of the mastoid muscles, and interventricular septum, right ventricular infarction in the presence of an infarction of the lower wall of the left ventricle, aneurysm and, pathological remodeling of the left ventricle;
• hemodynamic: , pulmonary edema, ;
• reactive: epistenocardic (early) pericarditis, early postinfarction angina, postinfarction Dressler's syndrome, thromboendocarditis, erosions and ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract, paresis digestive system, atony of the bladder.

Heart attack treatment at home

Suspicion of myocardial infarction is an indication for hospitalization of the patient. Most patients are transferred from the ward (department) 48-72 hours after the first signs of myocardial infarction appear. intensive care in the intermediate chambers of the cardiology (infarction) department. As soon as the patient begins to freely overcome 200 m, he is transferred to the rehabilitation department of the hospital; later - to the rehabilitation department of the sanatorium (Veliky Lyuben, Karpaty, Irpen), where he has the opportunity to continue to progress and overcome the distance as early as 3000 m. The diet is represented by a lactic acid diet, strong coffee and tea are removed from the diet.

Indications for such a sequence of actions is the absence of:

• angina attacks,
• orthostatic arterial hypotension,
• pronounced general weakness,
• cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disturbances,
• severe tachycardia and the like.

After 4 months, the patient is sent to the medical and labor expert commission, where they decide:

• recognize as workable;
• recognize a disabled person of III or II group;
• continue the disability certificate (up to 6 months).

What drugs to treat a heart attack?

• - intravenous infusion of 1,500,000 IU over 60 minutes;
• - provides for an intravenous bolus of 10 mg followed by an infusion of 50 mg over 1 hour and 20 mg over 2 and 3 hours;
• - intravenously 1 time in accordance with the patient's body weight<60 кг - 30 мг, 60-70 кг - 35 мг, 70-80 кг - 40 мг, 80-90 кг - 45 мг, >90 kg - 50 mg
• - 100 mg per day;
• - intravenously in three boluses of 5 mg each with an interval of 2-5 minutes;
• - at a dose of 1-5 mg, followed by a transfer after 1-2 hours to oral administration in doses of 40-80 mg every 6-8 hours;
• - up to 25-50 mg in 2 doses during the day;
• - at a dose of 6.25 mg, and after 2 weeks - at a dose of 12.5 mg, after the next 2 weeks - 25 mg, and then again after 2 weeks - 50 mg 2 times a day;
• - first in doses of 10-20 mg per day, and then - 40 mg per day.

Treatment of a heart attack with folk methods

In acute myocardial infarction, it is strictly forbidden to contact folk methods treatment, it is necessary to call a professional physician, hospitalize the patient, provide him with qualified assistance. However, in recovery period, which lasts for months, the use of folk remedies is quite appropriate. Discuss the following prescriptions with your doctor:

• Combine ½ cup freshly squeezed carrot juice with 1 tsp. vegetable oil; drink twice a day;
• combine 2 tbsp. wild strawberry leaves and rose hips, pour 0.5 l of boiled water, put in a heated water bath for 15 minutes, then remove, cool and strain, squeeze the mass and bring boiled water to its original volume; take ½-¼ cup 2 times a day before meals;
• combine 1 tbsp. crushed valerian roots, motherwort grass, cumin fruits, pour 3 cups of boiling water, put in a water bath for 15 minutes, after insisting for another 30 minutes, strain, squeeze the thick; take 1 glass before bed;
• grind in a meat grinder 1 kg of cranberries, 200 g of garlic, add 100 g of honey, mix, leave to infuse in a glass container in a cool place for three days; after taking 1 dessert spoon 2 times a day before meals.

Treatment of a heart attack during pregnancy

Myocardial infarction is extremely rare in pregnant women, as it is considered an older disease. However, statistics report that in 10,000 pregnancies there is one case of a heart attack.

Greater risk of myocardial development in women in the third trimester in the presence of certain risk factors - obesity, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes. Knowing about her predisposition, a woman should take preventive measures which is discussed with the doctor.

The outcome of pregnancy, as well as a successful birth, is completely dependent on the stabilization of the woman's condition. The treatment strategy largely coincides with the standard one; nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, heparin, and dopamine can be used during therapy. Pregnancy is a relative contraindication for thrombolytic therapy, however, its effective use is quite possible, but better after childbirth. The most positive outcome of pregnancy is observed after coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting.

Development labor activity in the first four days after an acute infarction is an indication for caesarean section.

Which doctors to contact if you have a heart attack

• Ambulance team

An objective examination of the patient reveals pallor of the skin with cyanosis of the lips, the skin is moist, cold. At the very beginning of the disease, bradycardia and a short-term increase in blood pressure are observed. Subsequently, tachycardia and hypotension usually develop. When listening to the heart, a weakening of the I tone above the apex of the heart is detected; in a third of patients, a protodiastolic gallop rhythm can be heard, which may be an early and even the only symptom of heart failure.

The presystolic gallop rhythm does not always indicate cardiac decompensation, it may be associated with a conduction disorder. Above the apex of the heart, one can also hear a systolic murmur due to relative insufficiency mitral valve and dysfunction of the mastoid muscle. This type of onset of acute myocardial infarction is not observed in all cases.

Great difficulties in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction are forms with an asymptomatic or asymptomatic course. In such cases, the disease begins with an incomprehensible general weakness, vague pain in the chest. Ignoring such complaints often leads to death.

The main method for verifying the diagnosis of myocardial infarction is an executive analysis clinical picture and electrocardiographic criteria for coronary circulation disorders.

For macrofocal and transmural myocardial infarction, according to ECG data, a staging of the course is characteristic: acute and subacute periods, a period of scarring. If the dynamics of these changes stops and the electrocardiogram freezes in the phase of an acute (more than 15-20 days) or subacute (more than 3-4 weeks) period, then we should assume the occurrence of an acute or subacute heart aneurysm, which develops in about 20% patients with myocardial infarction. This is a limited protrusion of the wall of the left ventricle. The necrotic region of the heart, having lost the ability to contract, stretches and protrudes under the influence of internal ventricular pressure. Less commonly, a chronic aneurysm of the heart develops - during the scarring period due to stretching of a fragile scar.

Already during the first day of the disease, signs of necrotic syndrome appear, caused by the breakdown of the muscle fibers of the heart and the absorption of autolysis products. It is characterized by fever, leukocytosis (from the 1st to the 4-5th day), a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left, increase in ESR(from the 6-7th day), an increase in the levels of troponins I and T in the blood, the activity of certain blood enzymes (AST), the CPK enzyme (MB-CPK), myoglobin, C-reactive protein.

Since the main symptom of myocardial infarction is chest pain, differential diagnosis should be carried out with diseases that are accompanied by pain in the left side of the chest.

Treatment of other diseases with the letter - and

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