Many consider the delivered competent speech a talent that is given to the elect and is necessary only in some areas of activity. In fact, everyone should think about how to develop speech. After all, good diction makes you listen to to the speaking person and trust his opinion more. In addition, such skill often contributes to career growth, especially if job duties you need to communicate with people often.
Basic techniques and exercises for developing speech
Below are some of the most effective exercises to improve diction. Clear speech and a well-tuned voice is the result of a long and hard work on oneself. Therefore, it is necessary to perform these exercises regularly, and not from time to time, because this is the only way you will achieve progress in the development of your speech.
Warm-up for the articulation apparatus
Short warm-ups will help you to adjust yourself to the clarity of pronunciation before performing any exercises aimed at developing diction. One of her options is to grip the pencil tightly with your teeth and say a phrase about 10-15 words long. Then take out the pencil and say the same phrase again. In order not to think about the choice of text every time, you can use any poem when performing this exercise.
Exercises aimed at improving their mobility and accuracy will also help to start speaking better and to strengthen the muscles of the organs involved in the speech process. After all, it is these characteristics that are required for the development of diction and high-quality pronunciation of sounds.
As you know, the most mobile organ of articulation is the tongue. Therefore, most of the gymnastics is associated with it. There are many exercises that, if done regularly, will eliminate the need to ponder over the question of how to develop speech. For example, you can stick out your tongue and try to reach them first to the chin, and then to the nose. Or, like with a brush, draw lines from the teeth to the larynx with smooth movements.
Pronouncing phrases with artificially complicated articulation
Tongue twisters for the development of diction are considered a classic training option. With their help, you can practice the clarity of pronouncing different consonants in a calm atmosphere. To achieve excellent results, it is enough to allocate at least 5-10 minutes daily for classes. However, there is one thing for developing good diction. important rule: Speak each phrase at a slow, medium and very fast pace.
You can start training with the most simple sentences that teach you to clearly pronounce one or two sounds. For example, it can be:
There are also more complex phrases that help to understand how to learn to speak clearly and quickly words, in which the pronunciation of two or more sounds in difficult combinations is practiced:
- The talker said to the talkers: "I said, do not tell the talker that the talker has spoken," the talker has a talker. The talker spoke, and the mouth of the talker began to talk a little, and then the talker says at last: "Stop talking, the talker talked."
- The commander spoke about the colonel and the colonel, about the lieutenant colonel and the lieutenant colonel, about the lieutenant and the surety, about the second lieutenant and the second lieutenant, about the warrant officer and the warrant officer, about the warrant officer, but he was silent about the second lieutenant.
- In the yard there is firewood, behind the yard there is firewood, under the yard there is firewood, above the yard there is firewood, firewood along the yard, firewood in the width of the yard, does not fit the yard of firewood! We'll probably push the wood out of your yard back to the wood yard.
- The cap is not sewn in a Kolpakov style, the bell is not poured out in a Kolokolov style, the cap must be re-capped, re-capped, re-capped, re-capped.
- Already stung by a snake. I can't get along with a snake. Already from horror became already - a snake will eat a snake for dinner and say: "Start over."
Pronouncing tongue twisters
There are also special tongue twisters for developing diction and eliminating problems with the pronunciation of certain sounds. A good way to figure out what exactly will need to be corrected is to listen to your own speech from the side. After the problems are identified, you can start working on the development of diction.
First you need to learn how to pronounce an isolated sound correctly. Then it is necessary to achieve a distinction in speech of similar sounds, for example, "s" and "w" or "p" and "l". Pronouncing special phrases can be a significant help in correcting your speech, for example:
- Lara played the lyre.
- Forty mice walked, they found forty pennies, and two flatter mice found two pennies each.
- The Ligurian traffic controller was regulating in Liguria.
- A Cossack with a saber rode to Sasha to play checkers.
- Sasha walked along the highway and sucked drying. Beavers wander into bora cheeses. Beavers are brave, but kind to beavers.
- The bull is dull-lipped, the bull is dull-lipped, the bull has a dull white lip.
- There was a white-winged ram, All the rams were over-white-winged.
- I visited Frol, I lied to Frol on the Lavra, I will go to the Lavra, the Lavra on Frol navra.
It’s worth moving on to working on the next sound only after you achieve the correct pronunciation of the first sound.
Reading aloud
In addition to pronouncing tongue twisters, it is also useful to read aloud to develop diction. Recording your voice on a dictaphone can be a good incentive. Few people, having heard their speech, will not want to improve it. By reading sections from books and making audio recordings, you can practice pronunciation until it becomes almost perfect.
How to learn to speak so that it is really pleasant and interesting to listen to you? When reading aloud, avoid monotony and change intonation. In addition, it is worth changing the volume and reading speed, learning to highlight with pauses the most important points... But at the same time, control your speech so that such pauses are appropriate and not too long.
Also, do not lose sight of the fact that others are best perceived by a calm and confident voice. Whether it will be so depends largely on the mood and inner state of the person, his ability to control emotions. However, by developing diction, you can learn to speak calmly and convincingly. For example, why not imagine yourself as a politician and talk about the state of the economy in the country, sitting in front of a mirror?
Expanding vocabulary
Another important aspect to consider is the need for constant intellectual development and replenishment vocabulary... Good developed person in any situation can maintain a conversation and find suitable words... To become just like that, it is worth reading more, doing crosswords more often and attending various trainings on.
If you take even a few minutes every day to work on improving your diction, after a few months you will begin to speak well, and the voice itself will be transformed beyond recognition. At the same time, all the efforts made will undoubtedly be rewarded over time.
Diaphragm training
In the question of how to deliver a speech, very important aspect is the ability to control breathing. Without it, the text can be interrupted by pauses and breaths in those places where this violates its meaning or worsens emotionality. As a result, speech will become abrupt, and the meaning of what is said is perceived worse.
Therefore, one of the first exercises to develop diction should be training to develop correct breathing:
- Spread your legs shoulder-width apart, straighten your spine, put one hand on your chest and the other on your stomach. Inhaling through your nose, push your belly forward. Then calmly exhale the air through a small opening in the lips, returning the chest and abdomen to their original position.
- To improve your ability to speak over time, you can make the exercise harder. To do this, try to maintain proper breathing while walking, jogging in the wrong place, imitating chopping wood or sweeping the floor.
- You can also improve the development of diction with the help of the following exercise. To begin with, inhale calmly, and as you exhale, pull any vowel letter as long as possible. When you can hold the vowel for more than 25 seconds, try changing the tone of the voice.
Root Causes of Speech Problems
Impossible to achieve positive results in the development of diction, if you do not understand the causes of speech disorders. Only occasionally are they associated with health problems and develop, for example, due to an abnormal structure of the jaw or a short frenum of the tongue.
For many people, speech problems are triggered by incorrect pronunciation of whistling and hissing sounds, as well as the absence of the sounds "L" or "R", or a violation of their pronunciation. A weakened articulation apparatus may also be the cause.
Even if a person can speak well, pronouncing all sounds correctly, in especially significant situations his speech can become blurry and indistinct. Indeed, when pronouncing words, the articulatory apparatus must very quickly switch from one movement to another. This is achieved only with active and intensive work of the muscles that need to be trained, for example, regularly pronouncing tongue twisters for diction.
but the main reason slurred, quiet speech is a person's shyness and lack of self-confidence. In such a situation, the development of diction is a secondary problem. First of all, you need to work on your own character and fight against complexes.
But you can, if you wish, learn to speak correctly and beautifully.
Brevity, simplicity, literacy
These are the basics correct speech and competent speech... Over time, people have forgotten how to speak correctly for a number of reasons, starting with the widespread decline of culture in the 90s. This needs to be learned again. At least because competent speech not only positively characterizes a person, but also helps in communicating with other people. Imagine: you are talking to a person who abuses vulgar, slang words. Would you like to continue communicating with him? Unlikely.
Everyone can learn to speak beautifully. The richness of the language allows you to describe any objects with the utmost accuracy. It is not at all necessary that the speech be verbose. After all, a narration that is too long, even a beautiful and imaginative one, is very tiring and sometimes annoying. Therefore, it must be remembered that one of the main requirements for correct and beautiful speech is brevity. It is necessary to quickly move to the main point of the issue, not to delay the introduction, not to be distracted by unnecessary trifles. Then your story will have the right effect.
Of course, you need to speak competently. A person who often makes mistakes in stress or uses words incorrectly is absolutely not disposed to himself. For example, all business speech can be crossed out with the word “lay down”, instead of the correct “lay down”. Likewise, a boss who misplaces the emphasis on the words “document”, “quarter” is unlikely to arouse the disposition and trust of business partners.
Techniques for the correct formulation of speech
For those who want to speak beautifully various techniques give every opportunity to develop and improve diction:
- Correct breathing. Taking a deep breath, you will master breathing support while pronouncing vowels and consonants at a slow pace, pronouncing every syllable and every word. This helps to use all shades of the tongue.
- Oratory. Smooth speech, correct articulation, clear sounding force the listener to listen even more attentively to the narrator. Competently delivered speech includes training using tongue twisters, whispers, artificially fast pronunciation.
- Brief, accurate presentation. Practice expressing your thoughts concisely.
- Logics. When communicating or speaking, you need to follow the logic of the narrative, cause-and-effect relationships. The logic of thinking and storytelling is based on general education and a broad outlook.
By using language training exercises, you will automatically expand communication, gain professional confidence, and learn the art of persuasion and easy manipulation of listeners.
Exercises for setting correct and beautiful speech will be useful in setting breathing, voice, in controlling resonators, in strengthening voice strength and endurance, enriching intonation, and working out the correct tempo of diction. How do you learn to speak great? The answer is simple - patiently practice the technique.
Lessons for setting correct breathing
Phonation breathing is an important factor in the correctness of speaking. The diaphragm, the muscle that delimits the thoracic region from the abdominal region, and the muscles that control the movement of the ribs during breathing, are "responsible" for inhalation. The most natural position for comfortable breathing is lying on your back with muscles completely relaxed.
Sit back on your back. One hand on the stomach, the other on the chest. Try to inhale so that your chest remains motionless and your stomach rises. Exhale slowly and repeat this exercise until the abdominal breathing is easy and without tension. This breathing should be a habit. Moreover, such an exercise will well cheer you up from sleep.
Of course, to achieve the dream of the beauty of the word, just the right breathing is not all you need. Most often, the problem lies at the psychological level. This can be a fear of the public, residual memories from visits to a speech therapist in childhood, or simply an inability to interest the interlocutor.
All this can be easily dealt with with the help of simple lessons of correct speech:
If you feel self-doubt, it is quite difficult to communicate and loosen up in front of the interlocutor.
There are several steps to take to free yourself from the fear of communicating with people:
- acknowledge the difficulties and prepare for the long work of getting rid of worries;
- understand the reason (you may even have to resort to a psychologist);
- survive a difficult situation, let go of the past forever and enjoy the present;
- start communicating - only methodically overcoming your fears will allow you to learn how to communicate with people (you can mentally come up with plans, for example, 10 long conversations and 20 short conversations in public transport or in the queue);
- if it is difficult to immediately start conversations in the company, you can first communicate by phone (at least there will be no external manifestations);
- when training runs smoothly, you can take the initiative in dating the opposite sex.
But still, there are people who are naturally modest, and there is no need to suffer because of this. Modesty is not a vice! Work on yourself, on personal development, improve the skills of correct speech when communicating, try to be open and sociable.
Correct speech and competent speech
The art of correct and competent speech is not available to everyone, but such speech is necessary for many people, especially for those whose activities are related to active communications - negotiations, speaking in front of a large audience, communicating with clients.
The rules of literate speech
A competently delivered speech is beautiful and rich in information, logically structured and expressive. Unfortunately, modern school devotes little time to building a competent and clear speech, and the result of this is the inability of many people to freely use the wealth of their native language.
Watch out for accents and gender of some words. Despite the admission to use "coffee" as a neuter word, educated people this is unlikely to be positively appreciated. And if in the word “ringing” your stress falls on the first syllable, and in the word “bartender” - on the second, it will give you an illiterate person.
Use colorful metaphors, original comparisons, descriptions, sayings and aphorisms in your speech - all these tools will help to make your story lively and beautiful.
How to learn to speak correctly?
Classical fiction teaches literate speech best of all. Reading allows you to expand your vocabulary, learn how to build phrases beautifully, express your thoughts and feelings more easily with words. And, in addition, reading improves and written speech, making it smarter and more imaginative.
As you learn new words, try to figure out their meaning and enter into active vocabulary. However, avoid oversatisfying your speech. big amount compound words- it will not make you a good conversationalist.
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11 ways to make speech literate
Beautiful, competent speech is an indicator of education, a guarantee that you will be understood correctly. Therefore, the phrase "who owns the word - owns the world" is relevant in our time. After all, literacy and imagery of speech is feature world leaders, diplomats and other personalities. Therefore, if you can correctly and clearly convey to others thoughts and ideas, then professional career growth is guaranteed to you.
What is literate speech
Literate beautiful speech helps us to establish full-fledged communication with the interlocutor. And the wrong formulation of speech with a large number of stylistic errors will negate all efforts, for example, when communicating with the boss or in a conflict situation in the family.
In addition, literacy is incompatible with swear words, so even a good-looking person uses frank abuse in his speech, he will not become a cultural intellectual anyway. Therefore, good speech and verbal abuse and swearing are incompatible.
Moreover, literacy is not only the ability to accurately and clearly express thoughts, but also to speak in a matter so that everything is clear to everyone.
When trying to make your conversation literate, pay attention not only to your vocabulary, but also to your culture. To do this, speak, taking into account the rules and norms of punctuation, as well as the style of the Russian language.
Literacy is the adherence to the rules of stress placement, the ability to raise or lower the tone at the right time, observe intonation, and the skill to withstand pauses.
Criteria for determining speech literacy
- relevance;
- literacy of the voiced information;
- the availability of the utterance;
- the use of epithets, metaphors and phraseological units;
- variety of speech without tautology;
- aesthetics.
The paucity of vocabulary and illiteracy repels the interlocutor and annoys. Even if you allow yourself to be tongue-tied at home, it is unlikely that you will conduct a business conversation correctly and will be able to express yourself competently when talking with your boss. And over time, when you have children, they will take illiterate words from you.
How to improve speech
During the conversation, maintain a friendly tone and change intonation depending on the situation. To make your tonality and intonation richer, learn to read with expression.
How to develop speech correctly
A crossword puzzle will become an assistant in the development of speech. With it, you will memorize new words. Play with friends or with your children using a spelling dictionary to guess words. The meaning of this game is that the presenter reads out the description, and the rest can only guess the word from the description.
Those for whom literacy is required for professional growth cannot cope without specialized literature. In this case, use the works of Radislav Gandapas and the manual by I. Golub and D. Rosenthal "Secrets of Style".
Professional help
If you need a teacher, then a highly qualified teacher will provide you with competent speech. But where can you find it? Contact your school teacher or a philologist friend, and if opportunities allow you to take lessons from a teacher specializing in rhetoric, then you should take advantage of this.
Making speech literate is no more difficult than losing weight, but to achieve this you just need to want.
Literate speech: how to develop your skills and become a brilliant conversationalist?
Competent speech is a pledge life success... After all, they are judged not only by their clothes, but also by their ability to convey thoughts correctly and write competently. A person who knows how to express his thoughts simply, concisely and clearly, to build sentences correctly is always perceived more positively. The interlocutors, listening to competent speech, automatically assign to a person a completely different, more high level vital competence.
Have you ever lost or did not get a job due to a large number of errors in the letter or the need to clearly explain why you are the right person for the job? The development of competent speech is one of the basic tasks of every self-respecting person. Even if you are not performing in front of an audience, the ability to speak beautifully and understandably is appreciated by everyone. So how to develop competent speech?
Read fiction
Reading quality fiction is hardly a waste of time. V modern world we are exposed to a very large flow of information, mainly listening to news or reading them on the Internet. But the web, entertainment reading and business literature cannot replace good books recognized domestic and foreign authors.
Reading novels helps to intuitively cost correct, beautiful sentences, develops a sense of language. Reading fiction, scientific articles in special editions, a person expands his horizons and vocabulary. If you want to make speech more lively, imaginative, read poetry. Highlight the rhythm, metaphor, and speech patterns that you would like to use.
Use dictionaries
Look for new words. If you have heard or read a word whose meaning is unfamiliar to you, feel free to take a dictionary and find out what it means. The origin of the words is very interesting science... What if it becomes one of your hobbies?
In addition to the usual vocabulary, there are metaphor dictionaries, foreign words, special terms, even dictionaries dedicated to a specific science. Use them all and your vocabulary will start to grow rapidly. You can always find the most accurate word and apply it in a conversation.
Play educational games
As you know, children acquire almost all knowledge of the language before the age of seven. A child's literate speech develops with the help of the people around him. There are also many games and techniques to develop your imagination, expand your vocabulary, and learn to speak beautifully.
If possible, listen to yourself from the outside. Take an audio or video recording of your voice. If you are afraid to speak on a dictaphone or get an inaccurate result, ask someone close to you to record you during a normal conversation.
Rate your speech. Competent speech is always clean of all unnecessary things. How accurately have you conveyed your message to others? Was she understandable? Could it have been shorter, clearer, clearer? Are you pauses in the wrong places? Are you building your sentences correctly? Are your thoughts confused, jumping from thought to thought, confusing your listeners?
Watch out for accents. Wrong accents (ringing, jalusi and other tricky words, of which there are many in the Russian language) betray an illiterate and illiterate person. There are two ways out: do not use these words or open the dictionary, textbooks and remember them firmly.
Edit what you write
Written a letter, a message to a friend, a management report, or a feature sketch? Whatever it is - review the text as carefully as possible and try to give it a critical assessment. This is a great speech training. If you practice "cleaning" your writing, you will see results very soon. Besides, Speaking will change significantly too!
When you've written something, try to "switch" to something else (at least go and make yourself a cup of tea), and then return to the text with a "fresh" eye. Imagine that this is someone else's text. Are there any mistakes in it? How accurately is the thought expressed? Do you understand everything as an outside reader? Is it possible to formulate this idea more clearly and concisely?
Correct speech and competent speech are always bright, expressive and understandable. Get rid of words that have no meaning. Often they occupy a third of the text, from which your thought definitely loses. If you can use a simpler and shorter word, use it. You can also try reading it aloud (be sure to do this if preparing the speech you will be giving).
Develop your voice
For communication, not only grammatical and lexically literate speech is important. Correct communication also includes proficiency in the voice. If you have applied all the techniques outlined above, but at the same time express your thoughts in a monotonous voice devoid of any intonation, it will be unpleasant and not very interesting to listen to you.
It's worth developing your voice. Exercise, listen to the speakers and try to repeat after them. Sign up for a public speaking course. Even with a little effort, the results will delight you, and your interlocutors will stop yawning.
Outcomes
Literate speech is not given from birth. You need to work on this constantly, throughout your life. But even if you devote very little effort and time to the development of your speech, reading will become your good habit - a more interesting and successful life is guaranteed to you.
How to deliver a speech?
One of the most important elements in assessing a person is the voice. Most often, if we are pleased with the way a person speaks, then we will enjoy communicating with him, and we will listen to him with pleasure. Therefore, a competently delivered speech and, moreover, a beautiful one is the key to success in any communication, be it personal or business. And often she even attracts attention and presents a person in an advantageous light in comparison with those who do not know how to correctly structure their speech. But how do you deliver the speech? Almost everyone can cope with this task - you just need to perform certain exercises, which we will now tell you about.
How to deliver the right speech
The basic rule here is to read regularly. If your speech is really bad, then you need to read aloud no less than one minute a day. This simple exercise will help you deal with unnecessary traits such as shyness and self-doubt, as well as acquire the necessary skills. By reading aloud, you will undoubtedly teach yourself to speak aloud, but with the difference that it will be a beautiful literary speech, and not a simple one. colloquial... Of course, for reading aloud, it is best to select classic fiction, which is rich in expressive means language. Children are usually the pickiest listeners, so having them in your home is great. If your children are listening to you, then you, in fact, have nothing to worry about, although this does not mean that you no longer need to improve your speaking skills. This must be done constantly. Well, and, of course, read more and regularly so that the skill of correct pronunciation is not lost. And now about another good way to deliver a competent speech.
Choosing a sample
Pick a person whose voice and speech style you like. It is best to choose from a TV or radio presenter, since these people are specially trained to speak correctly. Once you've made your choice, start imitating him (or her). To do this, record the voice of the presenter and your own voice and compare the result. Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of consonants, because "clumsy" speech looks precisely because of their incorrect pronunciation. Most often, a kind of "porridge" is observed in the mouth, because of which a person begins to mumble and speak almost inarticulate. It is by comparing the pronunciation of consonants that you will see the shortcomings that need to be corrected in order to succeed.
How to deliver speech correctly - tongue twisters
Tongue twisters, which need to be pronounced as quickly and clearly as possible, help very well. Choose the tongue twister that has the most difficult sounds to pronounce. For example, the formulation of sounds such as "b", "p", "g" and "k" is facilitated by a tongue twister: "The bull is stupid, stupid bull, the bull had a blunt lip", for whistling and hissing "s" and "w "The equally famous tongue twister" Sasha walked along the highway and sucked drying "will do, and so on. Of course, you need to start with simple tongue twisters(like the above), and then gradually move on to more complex ones. By the way, for greater effect, you can pronounce tongue twisters and / or read with a full mouth. For this purpose, nuts are well suited, only it is best to stuff your mouth with peeled hazelnuts, or if they are not peeled, then at least wash them before class. Well, a few more useful recommendations... When talking, you do not need to grit your teeth, since such a position of the teeth does not allow you to clearly pronounce words, and this can lead to misunderstanding on the part of others. Finally, try to communicate regularly and regularly increase your vocabulary (especially through reading). Very often people cannot find the right words, replacing them with various not very articulate sounds like "mmm", "eee", "ummm", etc. It sounds and looks not very nice from the outside, believe me, and at times it is just ridiculous.
1. READ as much literature as possible. It is best if it is classical literature, or popular science, and not modern novels, detective stories, and so on. I think you yourself will like the process. If you cannot force yourself in any way, then you should remember that the opinion of those people who do not speak competently is not taken seriously, and many people are annoyed by this kind of non-literacy. If you want to be a good conversationalist, then you should work on yourself.
3. EXPAND YOUR Vocabulary. When you hear or read a new word, try to figure out its origin and meaning. You should not abuse foreign fashionable words, as this is not acceptable for literate speech.
4. Get rid of unnecessary words, as they also clog your vocabulary. For example, you shouldn't say "July month", as it is already clear that July is a month, and not a year, an hour or something else.
5. AVOID TAPHTHOLOGY. Don't say “ask a question”. In order to get rid of this habit, start monitoring the speech of the people around you.
7. DO NOT USE WORDS WHICH YOU DO NOT KNOW. Otherwise, you can simply put yourself in a very tricky position, meaning one thing, and they will understand you differently.
Well, as they say, success in your endeavors! I hope our advice will help you!
First of all, in order to correctly deliver speech, you need to train your breathing. To do this, you need to do special breathing exercises... It is also very important to achieve the correct pronunciation of the vowel and consonant separately.
Geniuses are not born, they are made. This is how your speech needs to be constantly and tirelessly developed. Try to communicate more with others, focusing your attention on diction, intonation, trying to avoid difficult words for pronunciation, replacing them with simpler ones.
It is also very important not to worry when communicating, but to be calm and confident, otherwise the thought gets confused and some words are not pronounced.
In addition, you will have to communicate with different interlocutors in different ways, some like beautiful and abstruse words, while others only annoy others.
How to develop clear speech: basic techniques and exercises
Many consider the delivered competent speech a talent that is given to the elect and is necessary only in some areas of activity. In fact, everyone should think about how to develop speech. After all, good diction makes you listen to the speaking person and trust his opinion more. In addition, this skill often contributes to career growth, especially if you often need to communicate with people in order to fulfill official duties.
Basic techniques and exercises for developing speech
Below are some of the most effective exercises to improve diction. Clear speech and a well-trained voice are the result of long and hard work on yourself. Therefore, it is necessary to perform these exercises regularly, and not from time to time, because this is the only way you will achieve progress in the development of your speech.
Warm-up for the articulation apparatus
Short warm-ups will help you to adjust yourself to the clarity of pronunciation before performing any exercises aimed at developing diction. One of her options is to squeeze a pencil tightly with your teeth and say a phrase approximately in length. Then take out the pencil and say the same phrase again. In order not to think about the choice of text every time, you can use any poem when performing this exercise.
Exercises aimed at improving their mobility and accuracy will also help to start speaking better and to strengthen the muscles of the organs involved in the speech process. After all, it is these characteristics that are required for the development of diction and high-quality pronunciation of sounds.
As you know, the most mobile organ of articulation is the tongue. Therefore, most of the gymnastics is associated with it. There are many exercises that, if done regularly, will eliminate the need to ponder over the question of how to develop speech. For example, you can stick out your tongue and try to reach them first to the chin, and then to the nose. Or, like with a brush, draw lines from the teeth to the larynx with smooth movements.
Pronouncing phrases with artificially complicated articulation
Tongue twisters for the development of diction are considered a classic training option. With their help, you can practice the clarity of pronouncing different consonants in a calm atmosphere. To achieve excellent results, it is enough to allocate at least 5-10 minutes daily for classes. However, there is one important rule for developing good diction: each phrase must be pronounced at a slow, medium and very fast pace.
You can start training with the simplest sentences that teach you to clearly pronounce one or two sounds. For example, it can be:
- All beavers are kind to their beavers.
- A skinny, weak Koschey, dragging a box of vegetables.
- Klim pounded in one pancake wedge.
- The thunderstorm is formidable, the thunderstorm is formidable.
- Harrow was harrowed unharrowed field.
- Mow, scythe, while the dew is, the dew is gone - and we are home.
- Grass in the yard, firewood on the grass; do not chop wood on the grass of the yard.
- Whether the fox sat down at the village, or at the edge of the forest.
- The census rewrote the three times rewritten census results.
There are also more complex phrases that help to understand how to learn to speak clearly and quickly words, in which the pronunciation of two or more sounds in difficult combinations is practiced:
- The talker said to the talkers: "I said, do not tell the talker that the talker has spoken," the talker has a talker. The talker spoke, and the mouth of the talker began to talk a little, and then the talker says at last: "Stop talking, the talker talked."
- The commander spoke about the colonel and the colonel, about the lieutenant colonel and the lieutenant colonel, about the lieutenant and the surety, about the second lieutenant and the second lieutenant, about the warrant officer and the warrant officer, about the warrant officer, but he was silent about the second lieutenant.
- In the yard there is firewood, behind the yard there is firewood, under the yard there is firewood, above the yard there is firewood, firewood along the yard, firewood in the width of the yard, does not fit the yard of firewood! We'll probably push the wood out of your yard back to the wood yard.
- The cap is not sewn in a Kolpakov style, the bell is not poured out in a Kolokolov style, the cap must be re-capped, re-capped, re-capped, re-capped.
- Already stung by a snake. I can't get along with a snake. Already from horror became already - a snake will eat a snake for dinner and say: "Start over."
Pronouncing tongue twisters
There are also special tongue twisters for developing diction and eliminating problems with the pronunciation of certain sounds. A good way to figure out what exactly will need to be corrected is to listen to your own speech from the side. After the problems are identified, you can start working on the development of diction.
First you need to learn how to pronounce an isolated sound correctly. Then it is necessary to achieve a distinction in speech of similar sounds, for example, "s" and "w" or "p" and "l". Pronouncing special phrases can be a significant help in correcting your speech, for example:
- Lara played the lyre.
- Forty mice walked, they found forty pennies, and two flatter mice found two pennies each.
- The Ligurian traffic controller was regulating in Liguria.
- A Cossack with a saber rode to Sasha to play checkers.
- Sasha walked along the highway and sucked drying. Beavers wander into bora cheeses. Beavers are brave, but kind to beavers.
- The bull is dull-lipped, the bull is dull-lipped, the bull has a dull white lip.
- There was a white-winged ram, All the rams were over-white-winged.
- I visited Frol, I lied to Frol on the Lavra, I will go to the Lavra, the Lavra on Frol navra.
It’s worth moving on to working on the next sound only after you achieve the correct pronunciation of the first sound.
Reading aloud
In addition to pronouncing tongue twisters, it is also useful to read aloud to develop diction. Recording your voice on a dictaphone can be a good incentive. Few people, having heard their speech, will not want to improve it. By reading sections from books and making audio recordings, you can practice pronunciation until it becomes almost perfect.
How to learn to speak so that it is really pleasant and interesting to listen to you? When reading aloud, avoid monotony and change intonation. In addition, it is worth changing the volume and reading speed, learning to highlight the most important points with pauses. But at the same time, control your speech so that such pauses are appropriate and not too long.
Also, do not lose sight of the fact that others are best perceived by a calm and confident voice. Whether it will be so depends largely on the mood and inner state of the person, his ability to control emotions. However, by developing diction, you can learn to speak calmly and convincingly. For example, why not imagine yourself as a politician and talk about the state of the economy in the country, sitting in front of a mirror?
Expanding vocabulary
Another important aspect to consider is the need for constant intellectual development and vocabulary replenishment. A well-developed person in any situation can maintain a conversation and find the right words. To become just like that, it is worth reading more, doing crosswords more often and attending various self-development trainings.
If you take even a few minutes every day to work on improving your diction, after a few months you will begin to speak well, and the voice itself will be transformed beyond recognition. At the same time, all the efforts made will undoubtedly be rewarded over time.
Diaphragm training
In the question of how to deliver speech, a very important aspect is the ability to control breathing. Without it, the text can be interrupted by pauses and breaths in those places where this violates its meaning or worsens emotionality. As a result, speech will become abrupt, and the meaning of what is said is perceived worse.
Therefore, one of the first exercises to develop diction should be training to develop correct breathing:
- Spread your legs shoulder-width apart, straighten your spine, put one hand on your chest and the other on your stomach. Inhaling through your nose, push your belly forward. Then calmly exhale the air through a small opening in the lips, returning the chest and abdomen to their original position.
- To improve your ability to speak over time, you can make the exercise harder. To do this, try to maintain proper breathing while walking, jogging in the wrong place, imitating chopping wood or sweeping the floor.
- You can also improve the development of diction with the help of the following exercise. To begin with, inhale calmly, and as you exhale, pull any vowel letter as long as possible. When you can hold the vowel for more than 25 seconds, try changing the tone of the voice.
Root Causes of Speech Problems
It is impossible to achieve positive results in the development of diction, if you do not understand the causes of speech disorders. Only occasionally are they associated with health problems and develop, for example, due to an abnormal structure of the jaw or a short frenum of the tongue.
For many people, speech problems are triggered by incorrect pronunciation of whistling and hissing sounds, as well as the absence of the sounds "L" or "R", or a violation of their pronunciation. A weakened articulation apparatus may also be the cause.
Even if a person can speak well, pronouncing all sounds correctly, in especially significant situations his speech can become blurry and indistinct. Indeed, when pronouncing words, the articulatory apparatus must very quickly switch from one movement to another. This is achieved only with active and intensive work of the muscles that need to be trained, for example, regularly pronouncing tongue twisters for diction.
However, the main reason for slurred, quiet speech is a person's shyness and lack of self-confidence. In such a situation, the development of diction is a secondary problem. First of all, you need to work on your own character and fight against complexes.
Problems with diction are familiar to me. I think that many have come across this. Unfortunately, this is not corrected at school. But it doesn't matter, you can do it yourself.
Isn't it nice to listen to radio announcers or TV show hosts who have bright, correct speech? It turns out that anyone who is willing to work hard on their sound can become the same speaker. For a beautiful story, you will have to learn the rules of the language in which communication takes place. But alone common truths there will be little about grammar, vocabulary, phraseology. What else is correct speech missing? How to make it improve?
Train speech breathing
Good speech (phonation) breathing is the key to the correct placement of pauses in the story, the optimal duration of the spoken phrases. Exercising the muscles of the chest and abdomen increases endurance, energizes and even positively affects vocal performance. One of the most effective exercise this technique is done in this order:
- accept comfortable posture lying down;
- relax all muscles, concentrate on your breathing;
- try to breathe in so that the chest does not heave - switch to abdominal breathing;
- exhale slowly;
- repeat the steps until there is a feeling that it has become easier to breathe with the “belly” (and not with the diaphragm).
“Adjust” the volume
The orator speaking from the rostrum speaks loudly, echoingly. At everyday communication the sound is different - more even, calm. If you reverse the situations, the result is absurdity. No one will hear the quiet rhetorician. The listener, who suddenly began to sharply raise his tone, most likely will not understand such a change and will be offended.
In an ordinary conversation with friends, colleagues, relatives, a softer tone is used, without exaggerating emotions. The story from the stage, on the contrary, sounds a little theatrical, sonorous. How to train your speaking voice:
- read prose or dramas in a voice, trying to present the climaxes as brightly and sonorously as possible;
- start speaking a long phrase almost in a whisper, and end with practically a shout and vice versa;
- try to display the volume of the sounds heard;
- experiment with timbre, parody the voices of famous people.
The correct breathing described in the first tip also helps a lot in setting the sound volume.
Follow the pace of speech
The speaker took the stage. He is dressed in a clean, neat suit. On his face is readiness to induce action, decisiveness. Confident gait. The audience holds its breath. Standing at the microphone, the presenter greets the audience. Everything is going according to plan, nothing should get in the way of success.
But the whole process is thwarted by one ill-considered detail..
No, these are not problems in the text of speech, not a sharp breakdown of the microphone. The announcer suddenly begins to speak like a fifth grader who does not like to recite poetry. He chatters, “swallows” the endings of words, often makes a reservation. There is a feeling that he is trying to get rid of the public as soon as possible. And the audience doesn't like it. The listeners do not even understand what the speech is about. The speaker stubbornly ignores the problem.
In fact, everything is simple. Performing is stressful. When a person is nervous, all processes in his body are instantly accelerated. The rate of speech is no exception. How to deal with:
- 10 minutes before going on stage, start talking very slowly, stretch phrases;
- engage in articulatory gymnastics - it will help you clearly pronounce every word, even in a stressful environment;
- during a speech, ask a question to a person from the audience, tune in to the pace of his answer, or better - to an even slower one;
- at home, voice the story using a stopwatch and counting how long it takes to play each block. Take a stopwatch or timer with you to the event to check with it.
In everyday life, the temperament of the interlocutor also plays a role. Melancholic people, phlegmatic people love unhurried, long conversations. Choleric people, sanguine people prefer to find out everything as quickly as possible. By catching and adopting the style of conversation from a friend, you can better convey information to him.
Work with intonation
A completely neutral tone is acceptable only in a scientific report. In other situations, conveying emotion improves the story.
The correct change in intonation provides a smooth transition between the semantic blocks of speech, creates an impressive effect of contrast, surprise. The liveliness of the sound affects the audience better than the most reliable facts or arguments. For training the intonation background, as well as for the voice, declamation of works is suitable.
Improve diction
"Chewed", "swallowed", distorted sounds will not adorn either a public speaker or a simple storyteller. Good diction can be achieved in several ways:
- pronounce tongue twisters, practice chanting, singing ditties;
- pronounce complex bundles of consonants (dbdi-dbde-dbda, rzh-rsh-shr-zhr, skrpo-skpro);
- do gymnastics of the speech apparatus;
- study dictionaries to identify the correct stress in words;
- read texts aloud with a wine stopper, ball or stone sandwiched between the front teeth.
You can use these methods separately, but together they will have a much greater effect.
Clear tongue
- vulgarisms, rudeness, especially obscene language;
- borrowed tokens where the native language can be used;
- aimless tautologies - repetitions of the same words or phrases;
- inappropriate terms, jargon, professionalism, slang;
- inversions - wrong word order.
Wait one and a half seconds before answering
This simple rule solves several problems at once. It allows you to make sure that the interlocutor has finished his remark, which means that he will not be interrupted by the answer. Politeness, knowledge of the rules of etiquette are as important as diction or literacy.
At the same time, a second hitch makes it possible to collect thoughts, start a new phrase clearly, organized, clearly. It only takes one and a half seconds for the brain to start building logical chains. Instant response does not have this advantage. This pause will not be too long, and for the interlocutor, it is quite possible that it will remain completely invisible.
Ask for help
Sometimes it seems like an overwhelming task to cope with a task on your own. It's okay to ask for help in such cases. Who should I turn to?
To friends. You can ask loved ones to listen to everyday conversations or the text of the speech and point out mistakes. Defects of speech, its scarcity, frequent repetitions, departure from the main topic, an insufficiently honed sense of humor - this is what friends or family can identify.
To specialists. Courses in public speaking, culture of speech, diction will help develop communication skills. In addition, visits will allow you to speak beautifully:
- coaches for personal development(a confident person speaks appropriately);
- speech therapist;
- neuropathologist (prescribes drugs to improve brain activity, blood circulation);
- a psychologist or psychotherapist (as in the example with a coach, only everything is on a deeper level).
To the internet. If you don't feel like paying for success, you can try the YouTube channel option. Will gather here a large number of bloggers who share their “recipes” for improving speaking skills. However, there is a minus - serious mistakes sometimes slip in the speech of these “specialists”. Therefore, it would be better to find the site of a recognized expert and search for videos on his blog. Sometimes online webinars are held on such sites for free.
A good voice recorder can also help. It will be enough to write down your recitation, and then listen to it carefully, identifying errors, and then diligently working them through.
Correct speech is not delivered in minutes. To master the art of communication, you have to practice diligently and daily. However, after the time and effort spent, a decent reward will come. Others will listen to the speaker's stories, greedily “swallowing” every word. The train of thought will speed up. People will start to listen to advice or suggestions more often. A good reputation will be strengthened. Sounding competent is a reliable attribute of success.
Good speech will never go out of style. People are always pleased to deal with someone who not only shines with inner beauty, but also knows how to most accurately give his thought a speech form. In addition, superbly delivered is not something like a gift of nature. It can and should be developed.
Correct oral and written language
Each language has a unique wealth, peculiar to it, and it is a sin not to take advantage of this. This is especially true of the language that is native to a person. When you hear a competent speech or there is an ideally designed text in front of your eyes, without a single mistake, then a positive impression is immediately formed about the author, the interlocutor.
Develop a culture of writing and oral speech- everyone's duty. And this happens every day in the process of communication, learning. After all, it is not for nothing that they say that with smart person not only is it pleasant to talk, but just to be silent.
Criteria for literate speech
If we move on to a more detailed examination of this concept, then it should be noted that under speech culture imply:
- the relevance of what was said;
- literacy of written or spoken information;
- comprehension of the interlocutor's phrases, clarity;
- wealth, which consists in the use of various epithets, phraseological units, metaphors, etc.;
- variety, lack of tautology, unnecessary repetitions that pollute the meaning of what was said;
- aesthetics.
Lack of literate speech skills
All these errors perceptibly hurt the ear and do not carry absolutely any valuable information about the speaker, do not create an image of a literate person.
How to develop competent speech?
The quality of competent speech must be improved daily, brought to perfection. After all, even if a person is intellectually developed, well-read, has a deep inner world, but, alas, is not able to express himself clearly, then what he says will only be known to him.
So, the development of literate speech requires the implementation of several simple rules:
Unfortunately, not everyone has the gift of eloquence, but this does not mean at all that this skill cannot be developed in oneself. We all know that a person who can speak beautifully can be listened to for hours! And yet, it should be borne in mind that there are a considerable number of different nuances that are important to take into account when developing the skill of a rich conversational speech.
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