Judging by your diet, you don't care about your immune system and your body at all. You are very susceptible to diseases of the lungs and other organs! It's time to love yourself and start improving. It is urgent to adjust your diet, to minimize fatty, flour, sweet and alcohol. Eat more vegetables and fruits, dairy products. To nourish the body by taking vitamins, drink more water (precisely purified, mineral). Strengthen your body and reduce the amount of stress in your life.
You are moderately prone to lung disease.
So far, in good, but if you do not start taking care of her more carefully, then diseases of the lungs and other organs will not keep you waiting (if there were no prerequisites yet). And frequent colds, bowel problems and other "delights" of life and accompany weak immunity... You should think about your diet, minimize fatty, flour, sweet and alcohol. Eat more vegetables and fruits, dairy products. To nourish the body by taking vitamins, do not forget that you need to drink a lot of water (precisely purified, mineral). Strengthen the body, reduce the amount of stress in life, think more positively and your the immune system will be strong for many years to come.
Congratulations! Keep it up!
You take care of your diet, health and immune system. Keep up the good work and lung and overall health issues still long years will not bother you. Remember that this is mainly due to the fact that you are eating and leading properly. healthy image life. Eat healthy and healthy food (fruits, vegetables, dairy products), do not forget to eat a large number of purified water, temper your body, think positively. Just love yourself and your body, take care of it and it will definitely reciprocate with you.
Due to the growth of tuberculoma in the central nervous system, severe disorders arise, which require surgical treatment to eliminate, and necrosis of the peripheral areas and capsules leads to the breakthrough of tuberculoma into the subarachnoid space and the development of tuberculous meningitis or chronic limited leptopachymeningitis. Tuberculomas account for 2-12% of all intracerebral tumors. Their number can be different: from one to several. Solitary tuberculomas occur in 2/3 of cases. Tuberculomas are most often observed in children (more than 50%), but in adults they are more often the source of meningitis. The predominant localization of tuberculomas (more than 80%) is subtentorial, i.e. in the region of the posterior cranial fossa - in the brain stem and cerebellum, less often the supratentorial and in the spinal cord. Men get sick much more often (2 times).
The disease is secondary, that is, it occurs in the presence of pulmonary tuberculosis, intrathoracic lymph nodes or other organs, most often in the dissemination phase. The infection enters the central nervous system in a hematogenous way, which explains the possibility of multiple localization of tuberculosis in different departments brain.
Clinical picture
The clinical manifestations of tuberculoma are similar to those in tumors of the central nervous system. Sometimes the course of tuberculomas is asymptomatic and they are found only at autopsy (with supratentorial localization). The duration of the disease is from several months to 2-3 years.
There are two types of disease development. The first type - the disease begins acutely with a rise in temperature and resembles infection with the rapid development of symptoms of brain damage, followed by an undulating course and long-lasting subfebrile temperature... With this course, meningitis and meningoencephalitis are often diagnosed. The second type is the gradual onset and slow progression of the disease with remissions. The course of the disease is similar to that of brain tumors. For the clinical picture, tuberculomas are characterized by cerebral and focal symptoms, the nature of which depends on the localization of the tuberculoma. Enhancement intracranial pressure that occurs with the growth of tuberculoma, leads to lethargy, lethargy, headache, nausea and vomiting. At the bottom of the eye, congestive nipple discs are determined. optic nerves... With the localization of tuberculoma on the pathways of circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, more often in the posterior cranial fossa, hydrocephalus and cerebral symptoms appear early. Usually, along with them, there are mild meningeal symptoms... Focal symptoms develop gradually.
In the case of tuberculous localization in the frontal region, mental disorders occur: memory impairments, mood changes, atactic phenomena. With posterior frontal localization, motor aphasia is observed on the left. For the tuberculomas of the central convolutions, movement disorders and sensory disturbances are characteristic. The development of paralysis and paresis is preceded by paresthesia, irritation, cramps in the extremities, epileptoform seizures. Convulsions can take on the nature of decerebral rigidity, especially with severe hydrocephalus. With tuberculomas localized in the region of the subcortical ganglia, hyperkinesis is observed: choreiform, athetosis. With the frequent localization of tuberculomas in the pons varoli (brain pons) and the medulla oblongata, paresis of the abducens and facial nerves, which is joined by paresis of the arms and legs on the opposite side. As tuberculoma grows with defeat medulla oblongata appear bulbar symptoms, and if the cerebellar pedicles are damaged, ataxia develops.
Cerebellar tuberculoma for some time, they can be asymptomatic, later, with their growth, a typical symptom complex appears: unilateral ataxia of the limbs, and then a violation of tone, reflexes and the motor sphere.With bilateral localization, symptoms of damage to both hemispheres of the cerebellum occur. The course of the disease is progressive. With the delimitation and calcification of tuberculoma, remission occurs and clinical picture does not change for some time. Then, with further growth of tuberculoma, the disease progresses and without treatment, patients die due to dysfunction of vital parts of the brain, hydrocephalus, or the addition of tuberculous meningitis.
To determine the localization of tuberculoma in the brain, in addition to the clinical and neurological examination of the patient, angiography, electroencephalography, echoencephalography and computed tomography are performed, which make it possible to determine with great accuracy the localization and size of the tuberculoma. With the help of X-ray of the skull with tuberculomas, signs of increased intracranial pressure are revealed: divergence of sutures, digital depressions along the cranial vault, bone porosity in the area of the sella turcica, and in cases of calcification, shadows of calcifications of various sizes (found in 1-6% of patients). The blood picture in tuberculoma indicates an inflammatory process: moderate leukocytosis, shift leukocyte formula to the left, increased ESR In the cerebrospinal fluid, an increase in the protein content of up to 0.4-1% and a slight pleocytosis are noted, sometimes the fibrin mesh falls out and mycobacterium tuberculosis is detected.
Diagnosis of brain tuberculosis
Diagnosis of brain tuberculomas is fraught with difficulties. It is necessary to strive for early diagnosis of brain tuberculosis and promptly refer patients to surgical treatment. Tuberculoma should be differentiated from brain tumors. The latter are more common in adults, tuberculomas - mainly in children and adolescents. In the history of patients with tuberculosis, there is contact with a patient with tuberculosis, positive tuberculin tests, localized tuberculosis and pleurisy, and when examining patients, symptoms of active or previous tuberculosis of internal organs are found. Tuberculomas are more often (in 80% of patients) localized in the posterior cranial fossa. The presence of calcifications in the brain should be alarming for the presence of tuberculoma. An increase in intracranial pressure is more pronounced in brain tumors.
Treatment with brain tuberculosis
Tuberculoma treatment - surgical removal, the technique of which is the same as for removal of brain tumors, Tuberculoma is removed completely, exfoliating it within the healthy tissue. The operating field is carefully isolated to avoid the ingress of tuberculoma particles into the surrounding subarachnoid space. Surgery tuberculoma is carried out in combination with tuberculostatic therapy with GINK drugs, streptomycin, rifampicin, etc., dehydration therapy, restorative and subsequent spa treatment... The duration of treatment is determined by the course postoperative period, the nature of neurological disorders and tuberculous process during internal organs... The outcome of the operation in most patients is favorable due to improved surgical and anesthetic techniques, the use of tuberculostatic drugs, corticosteroids and diuretics.
Meningitis in children and adults is very serious illness often with a poor prognosis. Its symptoms are triggered by a viral or bacterial infection, and the inflammatory process is localized in the tissues meninges... But if meningitis is caused specific infection, it is easily transmitted from a sick person, may respond poorly to treatment, and, therefore, is even more dangerous.
Tuberculous meningitis in adults and children is an inflammation of the membranes of the brain that occurs as a secondary disease against the background of existing tuberculosis of the lungs or other organs. The overwhelming majority of patients suffered from tuberculosis earlier or currently has an active infectious process. The causative agent of the disease enters the cerebrospinal fluid, and from there - into the soft, arachnoid, or even the dura mater, causing their inflammation.
Tuberculous meningitis can be called a complication of primary tuberculosis. Infectious particles initially cause sensitization nerve cells to their toxins, as a result, the blood-brain barrier will be disrupted, and the vessels of the meninges will become infected. After the introduction of the infection from the vessels into the cerebrospinal fluid, the tissues of the meninges themselves become inflamed. In addition, the disease leads to the formation of small tubercles in the brain and membranes, which can grow into the bones of the skull and spread through the cerebrospinal fluid to the spine. In patients, diagnostics often also show the presence of a gray, jelly-like mass at the base of the brain, narrowing and blockage of the arteries, and many other serious disorders.
Causes and ways of transmission of the disease
The causative agent of the pathology is mycobacterium tuberculosis. These bacteria are very pathogenic, but not every person, if ingested, will cause an infectious disease. Their virulence - the ability to infect - is highly dependent on conditions external environment, as well as from immunity and general health person. Initially, the patient develops tuberculosis of such localizations:
- Lungs
- Lymph nodes
- Kidney
- Bones
- Intestine
Over time, children or adults develop specific inflammation, which boils down to the appearance of accumulations of mycobacteria in the form of granules, prone to decay and the penetration of infection into distant organs. In a patient, tuberculous meningitis can occur at any stage of the course of tuberculosis or after it has been ineffectively treated.
Symptoms of this pathology can appear if healthy person got infected from a sick person open form tuberculosis by airborne droplets, through food, kisses. V countryside the alimentary transmission of tuberculosis is widespread. Risk factors for the development of the disease include all types of immunodeficiencies. Especially often meningitis develops in children with somatic diseases, in those who have had rickets, and have been operated on. In adults, the disease is more often observed with HIV infection and drug addiction, malnutrition, alcoholism, after traumatic brain injury, with general exhaustion, in old age. In some cases, it is not possible to establish the source of infection, the cause of the disease and the location of the primary focus.
How does tuberculous meningitis manifest?
All types of meningitis are more common in children than in adults. If the mother has tuberculosis, the child infancy can also tolerate this disease, and - with serious consequences for life and health. Symptoms of such a pathology as tuberculous meningitis begin to appear after the infection enters the cerebrospinal fluid - cerebrospinal fluid. They develop in stages, according to three periods (prodromal, period of irritation, terminal).
In most cases, the disease in both children and adults begins slowly and develops up to 6-7 weeks, but in severely weakened people, a sharp, acute onset is possible. The signs of the first period of meningitis are as follows:
- Apathy, Bad mood, lethargy
- Tearfulness, breast refusal (in young children)
- Subfebrile body temperature
- Dizziness
- Nausea, vomiting
- Constipation
- Retention of urine
The symptoms of the next stage of tuberculosis are due to the fact that the cerebrospinal fluid transfers the infection directly to the meninges (by about the end of the 2nd week).
They are like this:
- Further increase in temperature (up to 39-40 degrees)
- Sharp pain in the back of the head or forehead
- dizziness
- Photophobia
- Depression of consciousness, fainting
- Stopping the discharge of feces
- Increased skin sensitivity
- The appearance of spots of bright red color on the chest, face
- Neck muscle tension
- Deafness, loss of vision, strabismus, etc.
The terminal stage is caused by the inflammatory process damaging parts of the brain. Edema occurs - hydrocephalus, as cerebrospinal fluid and inflammatory transudate accumulate in the tissues and do not flow out. Blockade often occurs spinal cord, paresis and paralysis, tachycardia, impaired consciousness and breathing. By 15-24 days, tuberculous meningitis in children and adults, if no treatment has been carried out, leads to death from central paralysis - damage to the vascular and respiratory center.
Diagnostics
In order for treatment to save a person, it is important early diagnosis this pathology. It is believed that the period of a relatively safe state is no more than 7-8 days. The presence of the underlying disease, tuberculosis, as well as the existing symptoms, should suggest the development of meningitis.
Diagnosis of the disease in children and adults should include a number of physical, laboratory, instrumental examinations:
- Examination, palpation of the lymph nodes;
- X-ray of the lungs;
- Ultrasound of the liver and spleen;
- Tuberculin tests;
- General blood analysis;
- Blood test by ELISA for tuberculosis;
The main source for finding an infection when diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis is cerebrospinal fluid. The patient's cerebrospinal fluid is taken for analysis during a lumbar puncture. As a rule, the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis is high, so it can flow out in a trickle. Confirms the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid, in which the concentration of protein, lymphocytes is increased, high cellular composition, glucose is too low.
Unfortunately, the liquor does not always contain mycobacterium tuberculosis, which could be detected after bacterial inoculation, but during the analysis by the flotation method, they are usually detected, and the diagnosis is confirmed. Differential diagnosis with a pathology such as tuberculous meningitis, it should be carried out with viral meningitis, bacterial meningitis.
How to treat tuberculous meningitis
With this disease, it is necessary urgent hospitalization and hospital treatment... Children and adults are placed in a specialized department or, first, in a ward intensive care(depending on the state). The duration of therapy is most often at least 6-12 months. For the most part, treatment comes down to using special preparations- Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Isoniazid and other drugs from the phthisiology section.
Additionally, treatment includes drugs to improve blood microcirculation, normalize cerebral circulation, antioxidants, drugs against hypoxia of brain tissue.
To prevent cerebral edema, the treatment of a disease such as tuberculous meningitis is often based on taking decongestants and diuretics. To reduce the phenomena of intoxication, the patient is injected with saline, glucose. It must be remembered that with tuberculosis, even after a successful recovery, a person is weakened and needs rehabilitation measures. Most people are recommended to visit specialized sanatoriums, do exercise therapy at home, massage. Very important proper nutrition- a diet with an abundance of protein foods, vegetable and animal fats.
Prevention of tuberculosis is very important, because this disease is one of the most serious among infectious pathologies and is fraught with lethal outcome or disability. Everything must be done to protect children and all those close to them from infection, to vaccinate on time and to prevent the weakening of the immune system.
In contact with
Tuberculosis of the brain, also called tuberculous meningitis, is a pathology of the meninges.
Tuberculosis can affect the central nervous system (CNS):
- Brain membranes;
- Brain;
- spinal cord.
In this case, it is called tuberculous meningitis, tuberculous cerebellum and tuberculosis myelitis.
It causes many complications and is not always easy to treat. Brain tuberculosis is one of the most dangerous forms illness.
But, in order to recognize and fight the disease effectively, you need to understand in detail the symptoms, triggers, treatment and consequences.
CAUSE OF DISEASE
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic bacterium that, when ingested, creates severe damage to the main brain.
M. tuberculosis can manifest itself either gram-negative or gram-positive, since the bacterial cells are impenetrable due to the acid membrane.
Mycobacterium is the main cause of symptoms and illness. The inflammation from it is concentrated at the base of the brain.
When the inflammation is in the subarachnoid brainstem, the cranial nerve roots (endings) may be affected. The symptoms of such a defeat will bring cosmic harm to the body.
INFECTION
Humans are the only known reservoirs for M. tuberculosis. The misconception is how M. tuberculosis is transmitted. The germ is transmitted by shaking hands, coming into contact with toilet seats, sharing food or drink, sharing toothbrushes, or kissing.
It can only be spread through airborne droplets originating from a person who has an illness, coughing, sneezing, talking or singing.
BODY DISTRIBUTION
Blood that is already contaminated contributes to the spread. This happens when she crosses the blood-brain barrier.
But some patients can get the spread of tuberculous meningitis throughout the body from the rupture of the cerebral cortex in the brain; an even smaller proportion receives it from the rupture of the bone focus in the spine.
SYMPTOMS
CNS TB is presented different ways... The patient may be asymptomatic, have lung symptoms or may only have neurological deficits.
Common complaints include:
- headache;
- rapid fatigability (even with light loads);
- stiff neck;
- fever;
- weight loss;
- blurred vision;
- confusion;
- lethargy;
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- constantly elevated temperature(37 ° C);
- spinal cord injury (weakness lower limbs, bowel or bladder problems).
Signs of meningitis may include a change in mental state, fever, convulsions.
The main signs, however, are fever and headache... These are the main symptoms. Confusion - late sign and coma is a bad prognosis.
Patients may also have focal neurologic deficits.
Attention: Meningism is absent in a fifth of patients with tuberculous meningitis!
4 TYPES OF BRAIN TUBERCULOSIS
There is a kind of classification of the disease. It depends on the area of the brain that has been affected.
- Basal - The inflammation is near the base of the brain. Identification - meningeal symptoms and damage to the nerves of the brain;
- Convexital - symptoms include acute headaches, which are only growing; increasing disturbances of consciousness; psychomotor agitation;
- Meningoencephalitis - all the same manifestations and local lesions are added in the area of the nervous system;
- Meningoencephalomyelitis is an ascending form. Symptoms: destabilized functioning of the pelvic organs, and then symptoms appear, characteristic of meningitis. There is also a descending form, during the development of which the base of the brain is first damaged, and then spreads to the membranes and the subarachnoid cavity.
DIAGNOSTICS
Tuberculous meningitis is diagnosed by analyzing spinal fluid collected by lumbar puncture.
Collecting the test, if you suspect tuberculous meningitis, you should take at least 1 ml of fluid (preferably 5 to 10 ml).
Cerebrospinal fluid is usually high in protein, low glucose, and an increased lymphocyte count. Cells pathogenic bacteria, initially acid-coated, sometimes visible on smear, but most commonly M. tuberculosis is grown in culture.
The accumulation of blood clots in the collected fluid is characteristic of tuberculous meningitis, but it is a rare find.
ELISPOT testing is available, but unfortunately it is not useful for diagnosing acute TB meningitis and is often false negative. Although it can become positive after starting treatment, which helps to confirm the diagnosis.
Nucleic acid amplification tests
It is a group of tests that use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect microbacterial nucleic acid.
These tests vary depending on the nucleic acid sequence they detect and vary in their accuracy.
The two most common commercially available tests are the amplified direct test against mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTD, Gen-Probe) and Amplicor.
In 2007, the review board concluded that for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: “The AMTD test, when used individually, appears to provide top scores(sensitivity 74% and specificity 98%) ”, they found the overall prevalence of tuberculous meningitis to be 29%.
TREATMENT
The standard treatment duration is 12 months:
- 2 months of 4 drugs - INH, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide;
- 10 (next) months of 2 drugs - INH and rifampicin.
Steroids are a must in TB therapy. TB meningitis usually responds well to treatment.
But if the brain is affected by tuberculosis, long-term treatment may be necessary. The duration of which will be up to two summers.
The required steroid course often also lasts for six months.
Unlike tuberculous meningitis, cerebral tuberculosis often requires retesting computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.
That is, there must be imaging of the brain to monitor the progress of treatment, the development of infection, the degree of damage and the continuation of the correct course of treatment.
NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THE TREATMENT REGIME
Patients who receive treatment for tuberculosis in an irregular and unreliable manner are at significant risk of refusal, relapse, and the development of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis.
There are many reasons why patients do not take their medications.
Tuberculosis symptoms usually disappear within a few weeks after starting treatment, and many patients lose the motivation to continue taking their medication.
Regular follow-up is important to check the effectiveness of treatment and to identify any problems patients experience while taking their medications.
Patients should be advised of the importance of taking their pills regularly and completing treatment because of the risk of relapse or resistance to medicines otherwise arising.
A urinalysis test is often used to determine if a patient is taking medication and is adhering to the regimen. You can test your urine for isoniazid and rifampicin levels to check for compliance.
In countries where doctors are unable to compel patients to receive treatment (such as the UK), some say urinalysis leads to unnecessary confrontations with patients and does not improve compliance.
In countries where legal action can be taken to compel patients to take their medication (for example, in the United States), then urinalysis can be a useful adjunct to compliance.
Tuberculous meningitis is a secondary inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord and brain in people with tuberculosis of various organs.
This disease, currently rare, mainly affects people from 40 to 65 years old, as well as children under 5 years old, although this rarely happens, since children are necessarily vaccinated against meningitis.
The causative agent of the disease is mycobacterium tuberculosis. This form is especially difficult, because the body was previously affected by tuberculosis - the immune system is weakened, there is no strength to fight the "misfortune".
How the infection is transmitted
The cause of tuberculous meningitis is an infection from patients with tuberculosis of organs: lungs, bones, genitals, mammary gland, kidneys, larynx and others. Contact infection is rare.
In the presence of tuberculosis of the bones of the skull or spine, the infection can spread to the lining of the brain. In about 17% of cases, infection occurs through the lymph.
Risk factors for the development of the disease include:
- age- the elderly and children under 5 years of age have a weak immune system;
- seasonality- autumn and spring are a period of epidemics;
- other infections of the body, intoxication,.
Distinguish between - types of disease
Tuberculous meningitis has different shapes characterized by symptoms and appropriate treatment:
- Basal- has cerebral meningeal symptoms in the form of inability to pull the head to the chest due to hardening of the occipital muscles, disturbances of cranial innervation and tendon reflexes.
- Tuberculous- the most severe form of the disease, there are cerebral and meningeal symptoms (vomiting, paralysis of the limbs, etc.), as well as abnormal cranial innervation.
- Tuberculous leptopachymeningitis- develops extremely rarely, at the beginning of the disease there are almost no symptoms or they are hardly noticeable.
If one or more symptoms are found, having a provoking factor (tuberculosis of one of the organs), you should immediately seek help from a doctor. Tuberculous meningitis is dangerous for its complications and adverse consequences.
Meningeal symptoms
Children at risk
More often, tuberculous meningitis develops in young children due to the lack of formed immunity or parents' refusal to 
vaccination against tuberculosis.
It is mainly infants, weakened and premature children, as well as children from 3 to 5 years old who suffer. Only in babies under one year old, the disease begins in acute form, the temperature rises sharply, vomiting begins, convulsions, hydrocephalic syndrome and bulging of the large fontanel are noted.
In children over a year old, it usually starts with malaise, loss of appetite, drowsiness. Then the temperature rises, and vomiting begins - this happens within a week. Meningeal symptoms usually appear after 1–3 weeks.
Features of the clinical picture
The symptoms of tuberculous meningitis are divided into three stages:
- Prodromal period- lasts up to 6-8 weeks. Symptoms appear gradually: apathy, lethargy, drowsiness, weakness, and frequent headaches, which gradually become stronger, the temperature rises to 38 degrees, nausea and vomiting begin.
- - signs of the disease intensify, the temperature rises, headaches in the back of the head, constipation, photophobia, intolerance to sounds, the appearance and disappearance of spots on the body. On the 6-7th day of this period, meningeal symptoms occur: stiff neck, Kernig's and Brudzinsky's symptom, hearing impairment, vision problems, speech impairment, decreased sensitivity of the extremities, hydrocephalus, increased sweating and salivation.
- Terminal period- the last stage of the disease, paralysis also begins, heart rate increases, loss of consciousness, difficulty in breathing, temperature up to 40 degrees. The last stage the disease ends with the death of a person.
In young children, the symptoms are similar to those in adults, only their development occurs in an acute form and the periods are shortened.
The main symptoms characteristic of tuberculous meningitis that develops in children - on the 2nd day, convulsions, vomiting, fever may begin, the child screams, the fontanelle swells and pulsates.
In older children, the disease occurs gradually, the manifestation of symptoms is blurred. Meningitis can be determined by the way the child lies, if he constantly lies on his side, tucking his legs to his stomach, and throwing his head back - this is a sure sign of the disease.
Aims and methods of diagnosis
The diagnosis of this disease within 10 days is considered timely, after 15 days - late. The disease is determined by three signs: the presence of symptoms, the definition of the focus of infection and the study of cerebrospinal fluid.
Tuberculosis infection can be in any organ of the patient, therefore:
- upon examination, attention is paid to the presence of tuberculosis of the lymph nodes;
- X-rays of the lungs are taken to detect tuberculosis;
- an enlarged liver and spleen are diagnosed;
- an examination of the fundus is carried out.
CSF sampling indicates tuberculous meningitis if the cerebrospinal fluid flows in a stream or in rapid drops. A complete examination for changes in fluid indicates an accurate diagnosis.
In addition, blood is taken for general and biochemical analysis, is carried out and, lungs and other organs.
Health care
The therapy takes a very long time and is carried out only in a stationary setting. After the treatment, which lasts up to a year, the patient is sent to a specialized sanatorium.
All treatment is aimed at destroying the tubercle bacillus and is carried out especially intensively for young children.
For example, if Streptomycin can be administered intramuscularly to an adult patient, then the child needs to do this in the spinal canal, because in infants the disease is acute, and the slightest delay can cost life.
The goal of treating tuberculous meningitis is to eliminate the focus of tuberculosis, to treat inflammation of the membranes of the brain and to exclude it, to prevent complications, to stop lesions of the central nervous system, and to relieve intoxication.
Conservative medicine
Treatment is carried out in a complex manner with the use of specialized drugs: Streptomycin, PASK, Ftivazid and Saluzid.
Comprehensive treatment prevents the emergence of resistant tuberculosis macobacteria and has a beneficial effect on the removal inflammatory process because all of these drugs have anti-inflammatory effects. The combination and dosage is prescribed by the doctor depending on the severity of the disease, the tolerance of the drugs, the patient's condition.
At the same time, general strengthening therapy is prescribed: glucose systems, vitamins C, B1, B6, aloe. In case of complications, drugs are prescribed to eliminate them.
Even with mild forms of the disease, the patient is discharged from the hospital only six months later, if the patient has a good general state and normal performance cerebrospinal fluid tests. After discharge, treatment continues for tuberculosis and complications of meningitis.
Dispensary observation is carried out for 2-3 years. Immediately after the sanatorium, the patient is enrolled in group 1 of the local dispensary residence and then transferred to 2 and 3.
Children are monitored by a phthisiatrician for a year in group A, then 2 years in group B, and the last 7 years in group C. If complications are noted, follow-up by a neuropathologist, ophthalmologist, psychiatrist continues. For the first 2-3 years, preventive courses are carried out for 3 months with Isoniazid in conjunction with Ethambutol.
Patients continue their labor activity if they have not been identified as having a disability. Light work is required, mental stress is unacceptable for a year after treatment.
ethnoscience
Folk remedies in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis perform a supportive function and alleviate the suffering of the patient. But you can use them in consultation with your doctor.
Decoctions and tinctures of herbs are recommended: lungwort, marshmallow, elecampane root. A pot of wisteria can be placed in the room where the patient is located - the phytoncides released by it disinfect the air and kill the tubercle bacillus.
At home, in order to alleviate the suffering of the patient, he should be provided with peace, both mental and physical, because his sensitivity to hearing, sight and touch to the skin is aggravated.
It is necessary to close the windows with curtains, isolate the patient from sounds and touches to the body. On the head and limbs (arms and legs), put ice or rags soaked in cold water, periodically changing them as it warms up. It is important to know that the patient should be hospitalized as soon as possible in order to immediately begin treatment.
Is it dangerous?
The prognosis for treatment of tuberculous meningitis is favorable in 90% of cases, if the diagnosis is made on time. If the diagnosis is made after 15 days of illness, the consequences can be dire. If the patient was immediately taken to the hospital, then a complete cure is possible even in young children.
A common complication is (paralysis of one side of the body), visual impairment, blindness. With the spinal form of meningitis, there may be paresis of the extremities and the development of pathologies of the pelvic organs.
In order to prevent
The following preventive actions are distinguished to prevent infection with tuberculosis:
By taking precautions you can reduce the risk of infection. If, nevertheless, it happened, you should not self-medicate, but you should urgently consult a doctor.
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