Where can I get a consultation mammologist. Mammologist

The date: 21.10.2019

A mammologist is a doctor who specializes in diseases of the mammary glands. In the Russian medical practice doctors involved in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of this organ have a basic specialization in gynecology, surgery or oncology.

Pathology of the mammary glands can occur in both women and men, but in women it is detected much more often. This is due to the fact that the female mammary glands are much more developed, as well as their dependence on hormonal fluctuations. All major changes in a woman's life inevitably affect the condition of the breast. The breast is formed during puberty. With the advent of menstruation, the mammary glands begin to respond to the flow menstrual cycle. A significant restructuring occurs during pregnancy: the body prepares for the fact that breastfeeding will follow the birth of a child. Although breastfeeding is natural, it comes with its own risks. mechanical damage, lactostasis (blockage of the milk ducts). Reduced hormonal levels associated with fading reproductive function, however, like other age-related changes, also affect the state of this body.

The female breast is very vulnerable. The biggest threat is breast cancer. Cancer of this localization is currently considered the most common among oncological diseases. It is detected in every eighth woman over 45 years old. At the same time, on early stages it is curable, and the earlier the pathology is detected, the less damage to the body will be treated. Separation of a mammologist into a separate medical specialty due to the need to achieve the widest possible early diagnosis.

Breast cancer also occurs in men, only less often (cases of the disease in men and women are correlated as 1:100). Therefore, doctors recommend that men contact a mammologist when disturbing symptoms appear, and women over 35 years of age undergo annual preventive examination.

If you need an appointment with a mammologist in Moscow, please contact JSC "Family Doctor". Below you can choose the most convenient polyclinic for you and check the prices for doctor's services. You can make an appointment through the call center, mobile application or the patient's personal account.

What should I contact a mammologist

The competence of a mammologist includes all diseases of the mammary glands. There are two main groups of diseases:

inflammatory

non-inflammatory character.

The first group includes mastitis: lactational and non-lactational.

Lactational mastitis occurs during lactation and is usually associated with lactostasis. If the milk is not completely sucked out of the breast, it stagnates, which leads to the development of inflammation.

Non-lactational mastitis is an inflammation that is not associated with lactation.

A group of non-inflammatory diseases are neoplasms, which can be benign and malignant.

Benign formations include:

mastopathy (a pathological change in the tissues of the gland, which is fibrocystic in nature. It manifests itself in the form of fine-grained seals, usually painful);

fibroadenoma (a tumor that develops from glandular tissue);

cyst (formation in the form of a cavity with liquid contents);

intraductal papilloma (caused by the human papillomavirus);

lipoma ( vernacular name- "wen", is formed from adipose tissue).

Mastopathy is considered a precancerous condition. Other formations can also be malignantly reborn - fibroadenomas, cysts, intracurrent papillomas. Therefore, any seal in the gland should be the reason for contacting a mammologist and undergoing an examination.

The competence of a mammologist also includes gynecomastia in men (a pathological increase in the size of the mammary glands), as well as malformations and injuries of the mammary glands in women.

When is a Mammologist Appointment Needed?

Doctors recommend every woman once a month to conduct a self-diagnosis. Self-diagnosis consists in a visual examination of the breast in front of a mirror, palpation (each breast and armpits are probed in turn), squeezing the nipple (checking for discharge). It is best to conduct a self-examination within a week after the end of menstruation.

If you find disturbing signs, you should contact a mammologist as soon as possible. These signs may be:

changes in the size and shape of the breast or nipple

hardening or redness;

soreness or a feeling of tension in the area of \u200b\u200bthe gland;

discharge from the nipple.

However, if the examination did not reveal anything alarming, it is still necessary to go for an annual preventive examination. Sensitivity instrumental methods diagnostics is far beyond your hands. Particularly vigilant should be those who belong to the risk group:

nulliparous women over the age of 30. The risk is even higher if you have a history of miscarriages or abortions;

with a history of chest trauma;

women with high levels of estrogen in the blood.

A preventive examination is best done on the 5-6th day of the menstrual cycle, at which time the mammary gland experiences the least effect from the hormonal background. Women in menopause can make an appointment with a mammologist regardless of the time.

Diagnostic methods in mammology

At the appointment, the mammologist will perform an examination, which necessarily includes palpation (palpation), ask about complaints, find out if gynecological pathology whether there were cases of oncology in close relatives.

The survey standard involves instrumental research. Women younger than 35 are prescribed breast ultrasound; those over this age are referred for mammograms.

Also can be done:

radiothermometry of the breast;

biopsy of the gland tissue with subsequent histological examination

laboratory research: blood tests for tumor markers, hormones, analysis of discharge from the nipple (if there is discharge)

Treatment Methods

Inflammatory diseases are treated conservative methods. Treatment of mastopathy in most cases also turns out to be conservative.

Cysts, tumors and intraductal papillomas must be surgically removed. In the event that surgery is unavoidable, doctors try to keep the necessary intervention to a minimum. Operations are performed at the Family Doctor Hospital Center.

In most cases, a mammologist deals with the study, diagnosis and treatment of breast problems associated with hormonal disorders in the body or the growth of a malignant tumor. The competence of a mammologist includes the treatment and prevention of such diseases:

Mastopathy;
Fibrocystic disease;
Adenoma and fibroadenoma;
Lipoma;
Inflammatory diseases of the mammary glands in nursing mothers;
Tumors of the mammary glands of a malignant nature.

It is recommended to visit the mammologist's office at least once a year, thus, any modifications of gland tissues, seals and diseases will be detected at an early stage of development. Timely treatment is the key happy outcome diseases.

When do you need a consultation with a mammologist?

Every woman should be able to conduct a breast self-examination. You need to do this every month soybeans in front of a mirror with a bare chest. One hand is raised up, and with the fingers of the second hand clockwise, you need to gently palpate the mammary gland, first in a circle, and then from top to bottom. In conclusion, the nipple should be squeezed between the fingers; normally, there should be no discharge from the ducts. Self-examination should not cause pain or other uncomfortable sensations in a woman.

The reasons for an urgent consultation with a mammologist are the following conditions:

The presence of painful seals in the chest;
One mammary gland is much larger than the other;
From the nipple, when pressed, the chest is released; the body temperature is increased to 39 degrees, and the mammary gland itself is hot to the touch and sharply painful;
Modification of the nipple (retraction, deformation);
Discharge of blood or fluid from the nipple when pressed;
Chest pain, colostrum secretion not associated with lactation.

Moreover, without waiting for clinical symptoms, a mammologist should see if a woman is injured chest or injury to the mammary glands.

Where can I find a good mammologist?

good mammologist in the capital can be found on our website. We have compiled a list of the best mammologists in Moscow for visitors, who have a high rating and work experience.

In order not to waste precious time, but to immediately choose the best doctor from the list of specialists, go to the reviews section. There you can get acquainted with the true impressions about the mammologist of other patients who have already been at the reception.

The mammologist accepts patients by appointment, so as soon as the choice in favor of a particular doctor is made, contact the administrator medical center and discuss a convenient time and date for you.

A visit to a mammologist is necessary not only if you have any symptoms possible disease mammary glands. In general, any changes should alert the woman. However, most of these symptoms are following changes from the mammary glands:

the presence of seals, nodes in the chest;
any discharge from the nipple;
retraction (retraction) of the nipple;
increase lymph nodes in armpit or on the neck;
any pain;
breast engorgement and discomfort;
any changes in the skin of the breast.

WHEN TO GO TO A MAMMOLOGIST

preventive examination;
complaints of pain in the chest;
the presence of seals, retractions in the gland;
color change skin glands;
local increase in skin temperature;
discharge of liquid from the nipple;
the appearance of formations near the chest;
enlargement of the gland in males.

A consultation with a mammologist is necessary after chest injuries, before starting treatment. oral contraceptives, planning pregnancy, before the procedure of mammoplasty and IVF.

special group patients seeking mammology examinations are children and adolescents. Age-related mastopathy, fibroadenoma, hypertrophy, asymmetry, breast tenderness, trauma, and inflammatory pseudotumors are a short list of possible problems.

There is a need and the question arises before you - where does the mammologist take? In most polyclinics and antenatal clinics, a specialist in this profile is not available. In the same few institutions where this doctor accepts, the coupons for admission are sorted out for weeks in advance. There is a reasonable alternative - a paid doctor.

In our clinic, doctors who have sufficient experience in leading cancer centers in Moscow consult. A mammologist's appointment can usually include various manipulations - visual and palpation examination, ultrasound of the mammary gland with regional lymph nodes. According to the indications, a diagnostic set of studies can be recommended: mammography, puncture, biopsy of mammary gland formations, followed by cytological and / or histological analysis.

LEARN MORE ABOUT MAMMOLOGICAL EXAMINATION


Oncologist-mammologist	Breast examination		Mammography

Puncture of formations	Cytology	Biopsy	tumor markers

	genetic predisposition	Breast screening

At the appointment, the mammologist-oncologist of our center, based on a detailed account of the patient's complaints and sensations, examination data, palpation, ultrasound, histological, cytological examination, anamnesis, will make a diagnosis and prescribe a treatment regimen. Also, our specialist can advise a woman on issues breastfeeding child (maintenance of lactation, cessation of breastfeeding, stagnation of milk, decantation of lactostasis).

A mammologist is a specialist who diagnoses certain diseases related to the mammary glands, as well as their treatment and the development of subsequent preventive measures to prevent diseases in this area. Thus, answering the question of who a mammologist is, one can supplement the answer with the fact that it is this specialist who should be contacted when a series of various problems, starting from such a manifestation as engorgement of the mammary glands, which occurs before the onset of menstruation, to mastitis (namely, this problem is most often addressed to the patient's mammologist), mastopathy or tumor formation.

The competence of a mammologist implies the possibility of treating this type of problem within the framework of outpatient treatment, as well as the possibility of treatment in a hospital ( surgical intervention, drug therapy). These areas of activity can be combined or implemented only separately, it all depends on the specific specialist.

It should be noted that in the conditions of the CIS countries, as well as in neighboring countries, such specialization as a “mammologist” does not exist in principle. Basically, the functions that are assigned to mammologists are performed by doctors whose activities are related to the treatment of cancer, related conditions and conditions of a similar type. The mammary glands, respectively, are also among the areas of their profile, while the specialists themselves in this case are oncologists.

Considering the fact that breast cancer is practically the leader in terms of oncological diseases in various countries, including Russia, a mammologist's appointment is available in almost any serious clinic. The mammologist also accepts in the clinic, so finding a mammologist, regardless of the situation, is not so difficult.

Mammologist: what does this specialist treat?

The main activities of a mammologist in terms of specific diseases are as follows:

dyshormonal pathologies of the mammary glands - in this case, it is considered fibrocystic disease or mastopathy, as well as gynecomastia;
tumor pathologies of the mammary glands - this includes breast cancer, lipoma, fibroadenoma, sarcoma, etc .;
pathologies of the inflammatory nature of the mammary glands - here, in particular, mastitis is considered; on the whole inflammatory diseases glands also fall under the competence of surgeons, whose specialization relates to purulent surgery.

When to go to a mammologist: preventive, first and urgent examination

As preventive measure You should visit a mammologist twice a year. You should take into account a certain feature, taking into account which a mammologist can accept you - the days of the cycle. Given this, you can go to him after the end of menstruation, before the onset of ovulation (about 5-6 days).

It is better if the first consultation with this specialist is made in youth, because precisely due to early diagnosis in the presence of any pathology and the need for treatment, the doctor, accordingly, will be able to prescribe him, thereby minimizing the possible threat to her as much as possible. development.

As for an urgent consultation, it is necessary regardless of age or other factors, the main reason for going to this specialist is the appearance of symptoms (discharge from the nipple, chest pain, etc.). In the absence of complaints, aggravating heredity and other predisposing factors, a visit to a mammologist after 30 years of a mammologist can be considered as a necessity, implemented within a period of one and a half years. Accordingly, with aggravating factors and with a hereditary predisposition, a visit to the doctor should occur twice a year.
It is also important for women to understand that breast cancer in its initial form does not show visible and painful symptoms. Moreover, the traditional measure (self-palpation of the glands) may also be ineffective during this period of the disease. Thus, the detection of pathology in the latent (initial) form of its existence is possible only when visiting the office of a mammologist.

Mammologist examination: when does it become necessary?

There are a number of breast conditions that without fail require an appropriate approach to them, namely, consultations of a mammologist. These are specific symptoms, on the basis of which, even without this recommendation, a woman may have serious anxiety about her own condition and the current disease. In order for the reader to understand what exactly is meant by such states, we single them out in detail:

redness of the mammary glands;
changes in the size of the mammary glands (both up and down);
the appearance of a lump in the chest;
the appearance of discharge from the nipples;
pain in armpits and in their surrounding areas;
pain in the mammary glands (or in one of the glands);
swelling or retraction of the skin, noted in the area near the nipple;
asymmetry of the mammary glands.

In addition, there are also a number of predisposing factors, against the background of the influence of which one should also pay attention to the need to visit a mammologist, we will highlight them below.

the presence of diseases of the genital organs (relevant to this moment or previously transferred)
the presence of specific sensations, which may even be insignificant in the nature of their manifestation (a feeling of fullness, pain in the mammary gland, a palpable seal, various types of discharge from the nipples / nipple, a feeling of engorgement of the glands, etc.);
the course of pregnancy was accompanied by the occurrence of certain unpleasant moments in it;
in the past, in a relatively recent or present time, there was an injury to the mammary gland / glands;
actual problem in the form of impaired liver function;
severe and prolonged stay in a state provoked by a traumatic situation, in other words, in this case, the transfer of stress is considered as a predisposing factor;
the relevance of hereditary predisposition, in which breast cancer occurred in one of the closest relatives.

Basically, the reception of the specialist we are considering is outpatient, which implies consultations with a mammologist, performing the necessary manipulations in terms of diagnosis. In parallel, as already noted, he is operated on in a hospital, as well as the required treatment.

Reception mammologist: how is it?

The reception of this specialist consists in palpation (that is, probing the mammary glands), as well as in clarifying specific complaints that are relevant to the patient. As research methods, due to which the subsequent diagnosis of pathology can be made, the following options can be assigned:

mammography (as part of this study mammary glands are studied using x-rays);
ultrasound procedure(ultrasound) of the mammary glands;
study of tissues removed by biopsy for subsequent oncoanalysis of the material.

Additionally, the following methods can be used:

scintigraphy;
CT and MRI of the chest;
ductography (method x-ray examination mammary ducts).

Analyzes prescribed by a mammologist

The option of conducting analyzes is not excluded, they include the following:

taking a smear (the procedure is carried out with the removal of material from one nipple), conducting a cytological examination (the seized material is examined);
taking a smear from both nipples of the glands, cytological examination of the seized material;
puncture for one of the palpable formations, carried out as diagnostic method using an ultrasound machine during this procedure.

Children's mammologist

We have already highlighted the need to visit a mammologist in early age above, the actual pediatric mammologist is a specialist whose visit is necessary for a child or adolescent for treatment certain states and diseases. As such, pseudotumor formations, asymmetry of the glands, trauma to the glands or their hypertrophy (enlargement) can be distinguished. Also, this is age-related mastopathy, fibroadenoma, etc. We repeat that with timely access to a mammologist, the possibility of a complete cure is allowed with the implementation of adequate therapeutic measures.

In adolescence, consultation with a mammologist is necessary during the so-called “hormonal storm”, because breast diseases often begin to develop precisely from this period, and their manifestation can be noted already during pregnancy or lactation (breastfeeding).

It should be noted that pediatrician a mammologist should also be partly a psychologist, taking into account the peculiarities of the child's psyche and the psyche of adolescents. Important is the ability to establish contact, to inspire confidence on the part of patients. With this in mind, a mammologist, whose reviews are often the best confirmation of compliance with the requirements for professionalism and treatment, must be chosen carefully, that is, again, taking into account both the qualifications and the effectiveness of the treatment, and attitude towards patients.

Breast cancer: symptoms

Considering that breast cancer is almost one of those major diseases that women are especially afraid of, it is important to know what symptoms appear with it at obvious stages of its relevance, that is, when, in general, any phenomena are already one way or another. otherwise, but they make themselves known.

So, first of all, this pain. An important fact is that periodically women one way or another, but face soreness in this area. At frequent appearance chest pain may suggest urgency hormonal changes as the cause of this phenomenon (up to 90% of cases this is exactly the case). With pain in only one of the mammary glands, as well as with the appearance of secretions in the same gland, with engorgement of the skin and with the detection of a tumor formation in the process of palpation, we can say that the symptoms that appear in a particular case look somewhat more serious than just pain in chest.

Pain in the armpits, pain in the nipple area - these manifestations occur in about 10% of cases in women during the premenstrual period. The pain that appears in this case is characterized as dull. To relieve pain, you should reduce the amount of salt in the diet in the period a few days before the start of menstruation, you should also refuse drinks that contain caffeine during this period. Due to this, the removal of fluid from the body will occur unhindered, breast tissues are also no exception.

If you have undergone a previous biopsy procedure or if you have had previous trauma, pain have a slightly different character. So, the concentration of pain is noted in a specific area, without connection with the menstrual cycle. The pain is sharp or shooting in nature. It should be noted that after a biopsy, pain can persist for up to two years, pain is concentrated mainly in the chest, although the main focus of pain is concentrated in the ribs. With increasing soreness with a deep sharp breath or when pressing on the ribs, there is reason to believe that the patient has nothing more than arthritis.

Stress in pain also has its position in terms of the manifestation of symptoms. So, if the level of the stress hormone in the body is increased, then the pain sensations in it also increase, regardless of the area of their localization, respectively, this is also true for the mammary glands. Complementing this with the effects of alcohol, coffee and malnutrition in combination with the daily routine, it can soon be noted that the pain in the chest intensifies.

The next symptom, which in the context this disease attention should be paid to the appearance of secretions. Allocations although they can alarm, in reality they have nothing to do with cancer in most cases. Basically, this is a normal phenomenon, relevant for the second part of the menstrual cycle, the cause of their occurrence is the accumulation of a certain amount of fluid in the area of the milk channels. If pregnancy does not occur, this fluid disappears over time. It should be noted that the excited state of the nipples can lead to the release of a small amount of this fluid, it is mostly either transparent or slightly cloudy. Sometimes such discharge occurs against the background of significant physical exertion.

Despite the fact that the discharge is not a direct indication of actual breast cancer, certain features of them, nevertheless, should cause alertness:

the permanent nature of the discharge (that is, they appear not only in the period of several days preceding menstruation);
secretions are accompanied by external changes in the mammary glands (there is a palpation of seals, engorgement of the skin);
the appearance of a spontaneous type of discharge (that is, the discharge appears without prior compression of the breast, without previous physical activity or friction)
the liquid released from the nipples has a certain color (that is, it is not cloudy or transparent, but reddish, greenish, etc.);
the skin of the nipple itches and is generally inflamed;
discharge is noted from only one breast or discharge is noted from 1-2 pores in the nipple.

seals, which we have already noted, in many cases are not malignant, but this is not a reason to exclude them as a serious symptom indicating a possible breast cancer, on the contrary. In particular, the appearance of the following symptoms associated with compaction in the chest:

when probing, the hardness of the seal is noted;
the edges of the seal are uneven;
it is characterized by soreness;
there are no similar seals in the other breast;
the movement of the seal occurs only with the tissues adjacent to it;
the features inherent in the seal do not change in accordance with the menstrual cycle.

This is a doctor who deals with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the mammary glands. Doctors with high level qualifications and extensive clinical practice, candidates medical sciences, the authors scientific research.

Today An annual breast exam is recommended for all women over 18 years of age.(earlier - from the age of 35), because in last years the number of diseases of the mammary glands in young women has sharply increased. If you need the best doctor in the city - he will take you to the "SM-Clinic".

What diseases does a mammologist treat?

In "SM-Clinic" the following diseases are successfully treated:

anomalies in the development of the mammary glands;
inflammatory diseases of the mammary glands (mastitis);
diseases associated with hormonal imbalance (fibrocystic disease, mastopathy, gynecomastia, fibroadenomatosis);
benign tumors mammary gland (fibroadenoma, cystoadeno-papilloma, lipoma);
malignant tumors breast (cancer, sarcoma, etc.).

Who needs to consult a mammologist

Women:

if you have any hormone therapy, you have recently had an abortion or are planning a pregnancy (most likely, in this case, a gynecologist will refer you to a mammologist);
if you are concerned about pain in the mammary glands, engorgement, pain, discharge from the nipples in the first or second phase of the menstrual cycle;
if you have received any chest injury;
if, while feeling the chest, you notice any induration (in the case of pain or a hematoma (bruise) in the area of \u200b\u200bdensification, make an appointment with a doctor and come to an appointment urgently, preferably on the same day!);
if you feel pain in the axillary lymph nodes;
if one breast has become noticeably larger than the other or has somehow changed its usual shape;
if you are breastfeeding, and the mammary glands become painful, swollen, body temperature rises to 38 degrees or more (in this case, it is better not to go to the clinic, but call a doctor at home).

For men:

if you feel swelling, induration, enlargement, soreness mammary glands;
if you are concerned about discharge from the nipples, their unusual bulge or, on the contrary, retraction, irritation when touched, etc .;
if you find the appearance of hematomas (bruises), non-healing wounds and bleeding ulcers on the mammary glands.

remember, that breast cancer- it's not only female disease, today such a diagnosis is not uncommon in men! And the sooner it is detected, the greater the chances for a full recovery and long life.

A paid mammologist at SM-Clinic will provide timely, highly qualified assistance. You can get expert advice without queues at any convenient time, including after work and on weekends.

Services of a mammologist in "SM-Clinic"

1. Consultation of a mammologist.

At the appointment, the doctor will listen to your complaints, study the data of previous studies (if you have already done them), examine your chest, palpate possible seals, assess the pain status, etc.

2. Diagnosis of the pathology of the mammary glands.

To get the most complete picture, make the correct diagnosis and give an opinion, the mammologist can prescribe you additional examinations:

ultrasound, which allows early detection of unwanted neoplasms in the breast tissue.
Mammography. Unlike ultrasound, a mammogram allows not only to detect possible neoplasms, but also to determine their nature.
Needle biopsy. This study is prescribed if an ultrasound scan, a mammogram showed the presence of a seal or cyst. In order to determine the nature of this neoplasm, a puncture is made, and the resulting material is examined in the laboratory.
Cytological examination of discharge from the nipples. With some diseases and changes in the hormonal background, small discharge outside the lactation period. After analyzing their composition, the doctor can draw a conclusion about the presence / absence of any disease of the mammary glands.
Blood test to assess hormonal status. Most breast diseases directly depend on the level of sex hormones, so it is very important for a mammologist to know the ratio of estrogen, progesterone, prolactin and other hormones in order to make the right decision about treatment.

3. Treatment of diseases of the mammary glands.