Differences of animals from other groups of living creatures

There are many millions of species of living things on Earth. How are animals different from other living things?

One would like to say that animals are able to actively move, and other living beings are motionless or produce passive movements. This is usually the case. However, mobile plant flagella are known after all, and some animals, for example among the intestinal cavities, such as polyps and corals, are motionless.

Another important common feature in all animals is a feature in the structure of their cells. The animal cell does not have a dense outer shell, like in plants.

The main difference between protozoa, or unicellular animals, from multicellular animals.

We already know that the main difference between unicellular and multicellular animals is that the protozoan cell behaves and functions as an independent organism, while the cell of multicellular animals acts only as part of a complex organism, it is adapted to perform only a certain function. In multicellular animals, individual cells become dependent on the rest, and the state of the whole organism depends on the coordinated activity of all cells. In a multicellular organism, homogeneous groups of specialized cells combine into tissues; tissues different in their functions form organs, and a group of organs is combined into an organ system. All these groups must work in concert to ensure the vital functions of a single organism.
   Do multicellular organisms have an advantage over unicellular? Yes. It is expressed in the fact that a multicellular organism has more opportunities to survive in the event of adverse conditions. So, if you destroy the cell wall of a unicellular organism, it dies. If this happens to a cell of a multicellular organism, it continues to live. Moreover, in multicellular animals, lost parts can be restored, for example, in hydra, earthworm.

Check yourself

1. What kingdoms do scientists share wildlife with?
Plants, Animals, Viruses, Bacteria, Mushrooms.

2. What is the structure of the cell?
The main parts are the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, organoids

3. What is the difference between plant cells and bacteria?
In the cells of bacteria there are no main organelles and nucleus. Plants - eukaryotes, Bacteria - prokaryotes.

4. What is fauna?
This is the totality of all types of animals that live on our planet.

5. How do animals differ from other organisms?
They feed on prepared organic substances, are mobile, grow only up to a certain period, have sensory organs, and have complex relationships between themselves and with the world around them.

6. What organisms are called protozoa?
These are organisms consisting of one cell, or having a very simple structure.

7. What is the role of fungi in nature?
They are destroyers of organic matter to their constituent parts, which can then be absorbed by plants.

8. What are the measures to prevent mushroom poisoning.
1. Collect only those mushrooms that you know well. Unfamiliar and dubious mushrooms should not be taken.
2. Do not pick old, overgrown mushrooms, although they are not worms.
3. Mushrooms are a perishable product and cannot be stored for a long time, especially when warm.
4. In no case should you taste an unknown mushroom. You can’t eat raw mushrooms.
5. When collecting mushrooms, be sure to look at the color of the plates, which should be pink and even black (in old specimens). The champignon double - pale toadstool - has white plates.
6. Lamellar mushrooms having a tuberous thickening on the lower part of the pedicle, as in a pale toadstool and amanita, should never be taken.
7. When collecting mushrooms, never pick mushrooms similar to them with a brightly colored shiny hat.
8. For the preparation of mushroom dishes should be taken only clearly edible mushrooms, without wormholes and signs of decay, thoroughly washed; mushrooms boil well or fry.

9. How do bacteria eat?
There are bacteria autotrophs and heterotrophs (the latter are saprotrophs, that is, they feed on dead organic matter).

10. Why study viruses?
Because they are a non-cellular form of life, they are very interesting for science, and viruses also cause diseases. By studying viruses, scientists are finding ways to cure diseases.

11. What are the main groups of plants.
Flowering, Gymnosperms, Mosses, Horsetails, Ferns, Clowns, Algae

12. Why do plants have different tissues?
Tissues perform each of its functions, which allows all organs of the plant to form a single organism.

13. Where do lichens grow?
They live everywhere where there is moisture. They are the first to inhabit habitats - rocks, lifeless places. Further they are replaced by more developed organisms. Lichens continue to exist on trees, walls of houses, on the ground.

14. Why is the plant called an autotroph?
The plant itself creates organic matter from inorganic matter with the help of the sun.

15. What kind of animals does a person keep at home? Why does he need it?
For food - cattle, for protection, hunting - dogs, for transport - deer (some nationalities) and dogs, for wool - sheep, goats, etc. For aesthetic pleasure - cats, birds, etc.

Complete tasks

A. 1. The bacterial cell has a simpler structure, smaller sizes, it lacks the nucleus and organelles. The protozoan cell has a nucleus, is larger, has organoids (chloroplasts and others).

2. mushrooms and animals - heterotrophs (feed on prepared organic substances), plants - autotrophs (they themselves create organic matter from inorganic substances using the sun).

3. because plants and mushrooms feed on prepared organic substances that create plants.

B. 1.b

2.g

3.b

B. 1. Lichen.

2. animals.

3. fungus root.

4. plants.

How are animals different from other organisms?

Animals are multicellular organisms;

• * Animals feed on other living organisms (including plants);
• * Animals have the ability to move independently; * Animals have sense organs with which they perceive light, heat, and so on;

What organisms are called protozoa?

All other animals (as well as plants) also consist of cells and their derivatives. However, unlike protozoa, their body contains a large number of cells of various structures and performing different functions in a complex organism. On this basis, all other animals can be contrasted with the simplest and classified as multicellular (Metazoa).

What is the role of fungi in nature?

These small creatures play their special role in the world around us.

Namely in the forest:

• 1. Participate in the cycle of substances,
• 2. participate in the processes of soil formation,
• 3. are the orderlies of the planet, destroying and mineralizing the remains of any dead plants and various animals. Almost imperceptibly.

And on the farm, they also have some benefit:

• 1. they are eaten
• 2. yeast is used in the bakery, dairy, brewing, wine and alcohol industries,
• 3. used for fattening animals,
• 4. used to obtain antibiotics,
• 5. used for biological pest control methods,
• 6. of them make preparations for the destruction of harmful insects.

But they also bring any harm:

• 1. destroys wooden buildings, sleepers, plywood,
• 2. spoil lubricating oils, paints, cause corrosion of metals.
• 3. Spoil books, fabrics, paper;
• 4. cause all sorts of different diseases in humans and animals: skin, affect the lungs, sinusitis, affect the eyes,
• 5. developing on straw, hay, turf, fungi secrete toxic substances and make food unsuitable;

Measures to prevent mushroom poisoning.

Measures for the prevention of food poisoning associated with the use of inedible and improperly prepared mushrooms, the observance of precautions when collecting and eating mushrooms:

Collect only those mushrooms that you know for sure that they are edible. Never try raw mushrooms you doubt. Remember that the absence of an unpleasant odor, a sharp, bitter taste, does not mean that you have an edible mushroom. The pale toadstool and fly agaric have very pleasant flesh. Refrain from giving mushrooms to children, people with poor health. Never pick and eat mushrooms that are overripe, mucous, wormy, or spoiled. Do not pick mushrooms, even knowingly edible in city parks, courtyards, as well as along roads and railways. Mushrooms are able to accumulate toxic substances and become unfit for food. If you pick up salmon, blackberries, mushrooms, loaders, and other mushrooms containing milky juice for salting, be sure to boil or soak them before salting to remove bitter, stomach irritating substances. Eat salted mushrooms no earlier than a month after salting. Buy mushrooms only in specially designated places, whole (with a leg, in markets, in stores). Do not buy home-made canned mushrooms. If you feel unwell after eating mushrooms, consult a doctor immediately.

\u003e\u003e Animals - a special group of organisms

§ 21. Animals - a special group of organisms

Differences of animals from other groups of living creatures. On Earth, there are many millions of species of living things.

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8. Who are hermaphrodites?

11. What is fertilization?

    1. What is the importance of reproduction for animals? 2. How is sexual reproduction different from asexual? 3. Why sexual reproduction is most

common method of reproduction?

4. What are germ cells called?

5. Where do germ cells form?

6.How do eggs differ from sperm and why?

7. What animals are called dioecious?

8. Who are hermaphrodites?

9. What is the essence of parthenogenesis?

10. What animals are capable of parthenesis?

11. What is fertilization?

12. What animals are characterized by external fertilization?

   Unlike plants

animals:   B) breathe

D) have organs

A) mobile

C) have limited growth

17. Heterotrophicfood- this is:   B) nutrition at the expense of the host organism

1] D) nutrition with minerals

1 |   A) self-synthesis of nutrients
  E C) nutrition of prepared nutrients

18. Atunfavorableconditionsunicellularanimals:

C B) form cysts | |   D) die

O B) removing excess water from the cell

| |   D) for the movement of nutrients in the body

| _ | A) form spores

|~~]   C) hibernate

19. Contractilevacuoleis necessaryfor:

P A) the movement of the cytoplasm in the cell O B) for the movement of the body

20. Number 1 onfiguremarked:

O A) pseudopod [_ | B) contractile vacuole

[   [B) digestive vacuole O D) cytoplasm

21. ATthe differencefromotherunicellularciliateshave:

O A) flagella O B) one core O C) cilia

22. Mostof modernspeciesanimalscarryto:

B) mammals

C) insect

[ |   A) the worms 23. Ectoderm- this is:

D) two cores

D) unicellular

A) the tissue lining the body of the body from the inside C B) the tissue covering the body of the body from the outside

| _ | C) a group of cells

24. Phagocytellaare called:

| | A) a specific group of living organisms 2 C) special cells in plant organisms

0 D) tissue forming the internal organs

organism

1 | B) special cells in animal organisms

^ D) the first hypothetical multicellular organism

25. TOchordnotcarry:

] A) amphibians

B) arthropods

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